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34. Urinary Phytoestrogens and Breast Cancer Risk in a Prospective Study in Postmenopausal Dutch Women

Author

Peeters, P.H.M., den Tonkelaar, I., Van't Veer, P., Keinan-Boker, L., Arts, C.M.J., Adlercreutz, H., and Thijssen, J.H.H.

Subjects
Isoflavones -- Health aspects, Excretion -- Research, Breast cancer -- Health aspects, Food/cooking/nutrition
Abstract

Phytoestrogens, naturally occurring compounds in many foods and especially in soy products, are defined as plant substances that are structurally or functionally similar to estradiol. Two former retrospective studies assessed the relationship between urinary phytoestrogen excretion and breast cancer risk; their results indicated a protective role for phytoestrogens. Urine samples in those studies were collected after breast cancer diagnosis, and urinary phytoestrogen levels (a short-term indicator) might have been affected by the disease state. We chose, therefore, to study the associations of certain phytoestrogens with breast cancer risk by using urinary specimens collected several years before breast cancer was diagnosed. Subjects were 88 postmenopausal women with breast cancer (cases) and 286 postmenopausal women without breast cancer (controls) selected from a cohort of women (n = 14,697) who participated in a breast cancer screening program, the DOM Project, in Utrecht, The Netherlands. Levels of genistein and enterolactone were determined by time-resolved fluorescent immunoassay and expressed in micromoles per mole creatinine. For each subject, the mean value for genistein and enterolactone was computed from two urinary samples collected 1 y apart. Odds ratios of the highest to the lowest tertiles of urinary phytoestrogen per creatinine concentrations were computed. Higher urinary genistein excretion was weakly associated with a reduced breast cancer risk, i.e., the odds ratio for the highest compared with the lowest tertile was 0.83; the 95% confidence interval (CI) was 0.46-1.51. In contrast, higher urinary enterolactone excretion was weakly and nonsignificantly associated with an increased breast cancer risk, i.e., the odds ratio for highest compared with lowest tertile was 1.43, 95% CI, 0.79-2.59. Tests for trends for both phytoestrogens were nonsignificant. We were not able to detect the previously reported firm protective effect of phytoestrogens. Such an effect may be smaller than expected or limited to premenopausal women.

Published
2000

35. Metabotites of Dietary Phytoestrogens Daidzein, Genistein and Glycitein

Author

Heinonen, S., Wahala, K., and Adlercreutz, H.

Subjects
Soyfoods -- Health aspects, Flavones -- Health aspects, Plant metabolites -- Measurement, Excretion -- Research, Food/cooking/nutrition
Abstract

Soy and soy-based foods are rich sources of the isoflavones daidzein, genistein and glycitein. The beneficial properties of these dietary phytoestrogens include prevention of hormone-dependent diseases, such as breast and prostate cancers, osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. In this investigation, the metabolites of soy isoflavones were studied in humans after soy was consumed. The isolation and the characterization of the urinary metabolites were carried out with absorption chromatography on Sephadex LH-20 and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The structures of the isolated isoflavones were confirmed by using authentic reference compounds. We identified dihydrogenistein, 6'-OH-O-desmethyl-angolensin, and cis-4-OH-equol in addition to the known isoflavonoids, daidzein, genistein and glycitein, and the known metabolites, equol, O-desmethylangolensin and dihydrodaidzein, by comparing the retention times and the spectra of the urinary compounds with those of reference standards. For the first time, the metabolites of glycitein were investigated, and new compounds such as 5'-OH-O-desmethylangolensin and 5'-methoxy-O-desmethylangolensin were isolated and identified tentatively by GC-MS. The metabolic pathways for daidzein, genistein and glycitein are presented on the basis of the isolation and identification of these isoflavonoids from human urine.

Published
2000

36. Intraprostatische Phytoöstrogen-Gewebsspiegel in verschiedenen österreichischen Regionen im BPH- und Prostatakarzinomgewebe

Author

Brössner C, Petritsch K, Fink K, Auprich M, Ponholzer A, Madersbacher S, Adlercreutz H, and Petritsch P

Subjects
Andrologie, Prostata, Studie, Urologie, lcsh:Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, lcsh:RC870-923
Abstract

Einleitung: Zahlreiche Studien weisen darauf hin, daß die niedrige Inzidenz an Erkrankungen der Prostata (BPH und/oder Prostatakarzinom) in asiatischen Ländern unter anderem am hohen Konsum an Phytoöstrogenen liegt. Weiters suggerieren jüngste Studien, daß das Prostatavolumen mit der Höhe der intraprostatischen Genisteinspiegel (= ein Phytoöstrogen) negativ korreliert [1, 2]. Die intraprostatischen Genisteinspiegel sind bei asiatischen Männern im Vergleich zu österreichischen Männern um ein Vielfaches höher. Uns interessierte die Frage, ob analog zum Ost-West-Gefälle in unterschiedlichen geographischen Regionen Österreichs unterschiedlich hohe Gewebsspiegel nachweisbar sind. In einer Subgruppenanalyse evaluierten wir Unterschiede zwischen städtischem und ländlichem Umfeld. Material und Methodik: Prostatagewebechips von 103 österreichischen Männern von 3 verschiedenen Zentren (Graz, Salzburg, Oberwart) wurden im Rahmen einer TUR-P oder radikalen Prostatektomie gewonnen und bei 40 °C gelagert. Davon wurden Enterolacton- (repräsentativ für die Gruppe der Lignane) und Genisteinspiegel (repräsentativ für die Gruppe der Isoflavone) mittels "monoclonal antibody based immunoassay" bestimmt und verglichen. Jede Messung wurde pro Patient doppelt durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: Die Enterolacton-Gewebsspiegel waren vergleichbar bei Männern, die in urbanem (median 19,1 ng/g dry weight; range 1,676,4) oder ruralem Umfeld lebten (median 15,7; range 0,6140,6), p = 0,99. Ebenso vergleichbar waren für diese Gruppen die Werte für Genistein: 9,3 (range 0,1156,7) und 20,5 (range 4,647,4), p = 0,77. Bei Männern, die in verschiedenen österreichischen geographischen Regionen lebten, waren ebenfalls keine Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Parametern Enterolacton und Genistein (p = 0,1 bzw. p = 0,65) zu finden. Schlußfolgerung: Generell sind innerhalb der untersuchten Gruppen die intraprostatischen Phytoöstrogenspiegel vergleichbar. Unter den einzelnen Personen konnten jedoch ausgeprägte individuelle Unterschiede gefunden werden.

Published
2006

44. LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS AND DISCUSSANTS

Author

Adlercreutz, H., primary, Amsterdam, A., additional, Auletta, F., additional, Aurbach, G.D., additional, Baird, K.L., additional, Bartter, F.C., additional, Bergeron, J.J.M., additional, Bigos, T., additional, Birnbaumer, L., additional, Birnbaumer, M.E., additional, Blossey, H.-C., additional, Bogdanove, E.M., additional, Bradlow, H.L., additional, Broadus, A.E., additional, Bullock, L., additional, Burrows, H., additional, Campbell, G., additional, Carter, J., additional, Chatterton, R., additional, Chen, J., additional, Cohen, S., additional, Concannon, P.W., additional, Cortes-Gallegos, V., additional, Creutz, C.E., additional, Crickard, K., additional, Crigler, J.F., additional, Crowley, W.F., additional, Cutler, G.B., additional, Dobyns, B., additional, Donahoe, P.K., additional, Downs, R.W., additional, Dupont, B., additional, Dupre, J., additional, Eil, C., additional, Eng, J., additional, Faber, L.E., additional, Fellows, R., additional, Flier, J.S., additional, Friesen, H.G., additional, Fujii, T., additional, Geller, J., additional, George, F.W., additional, George, J.M., additional, Goldstein, A.L., additional, Greep, R.O., additional, Griffin, J.E., additional, Grody, W.W., additional, Grumbach, M.M., additional, Grunfeld, C., additional, Hall, N., additional, Harmon, J.T., additional, Harrison, L.C., additional, Hu, S., additional, Hughes, M.R., additional, Huhtaniemi, I.T., additional, Jaffe, R.B., additional, Jewelewicz, R., additional, Josefsberg, Z., additional, Kahn, C.R., additional, Karlsson, F.A., additional, Karsch, F.J., additional, Kasuga, M., additional, Khan, M.N., additional, Khan, R.J., additional, King, G.L., additional, Knobil, E., additional, Koritnik, D., additional, Krawietz, W., additional, Landreth, G.E., additional, Lang, U.C., additional, Lazier, C., additional, Leshin, M., additional, Levine, L.S., additional, Levine, M.A., additional, Low, T.L.K., additional, McClure, J.E., additional, Macdonald, G., additional, McDonald, T.J., additional, Marx, S.J., additional, Means, A.R., additional, Miller, R.E., additional, Mitchell, B.F., additional, Monder, C., additional, Mowszowicz, I., additional, Moyle, W.R., additional, Murphy, B.E.P., additional, Murray, T., additional, Naftolin, F., additional, Naor, Z., additional, Naylor, P.B., additional, New, M.I., additional, Nolin, J., additional, Odell, W.D., additional, O'Malley, B.W., additional, Pang, S., additional, Parsons, J., additional, Patel, B.A., additional, Pazoles, C.J., additional, Pearson, O.H., additional, Peck, E., additional, Pepe, G.J., additional, Podskalny, J.M., additional, Pollack, M., additional, Pollard, H.B., additional, Posner, B.I., additional, Postel-Vinay, M., additional, Raj, C., additional, Raj, H.G.M., additional, Rall, J.E., additional, Reen, S.A., additional, Rice, B.F., additional, Ringold, H.J., additional, Robaire, B., additional, Rothchild, I., additional, Roy, A.K., additional, Ryder, S.W., additional, Saenger, P.H., additional, Savard, K., additional, Schrader, W.T., additional, Serón-Ferré, M., additional, Shooter, E.M., additional, Sikstrom, R.A., additional, Singer, M.J., additional, Spaulding, S.W., additional, Spiegel, A.M., additional, Steinetz, B.G., additional, Sterling, K., additional, Straus, E., additional, Sutter, A., additional, Thurman, G.B., additional, VanderLaan, W.P., additional, Van Obberghen, E., additional, Verma, A.K., additional, Weick, R.F., additional, Weigel, N.L., additional, Weiss, G., additional, Weisz, J., additional, Wentz, A., additional, Wilson, J.D., additional, Winkel, C.A., additional, Woodard, C.J., additional, Yalow, R.S., additional, Yankner, B.A., additional, and Zatz, M.M., additional

Published
1981
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48. Relation between flavour components and bioactive phenolic compounds in rye grain

Author

Heiniö, Raija-Liisa, Liukkonen, Kirsi-Helena, Myllymäki, Olavi, Pihlava, J. M., Adlercreutz, H., Heinonen, S. M., Poutanen, Kaisa, Pittia, P., and Cayot, N.

Subjects
rye, milling fractionation, phenolic compounds, PLS regression, flavour
Abstract

The use of whole grain rye products, beneficial to one's health, could be substantially extended if their flavour characteristics were better known, and the typical intensively bitter flavour of rye could be modified. The aim of the study was to specify, how the flavour components are distributed in a rye grain, and what could be the contribution of non-volatile, phenolic compounds on the perceived flavour. Rye grains of the cultivar Amilo were milled into five milling fractions. The sensory flavour profiles and amounts of phenolic compounds (phenolic acids, alk(en)ylresorcinols and lignans) of the fractions were determined and related statistically by PLS regression. The flavour components were unevenly distributed in the rye grain, the innermost endosperm being the mildest and the outer bran layers being the most bitter and intense in flavour. The shorts fraction just inside the bran layer proved to be interesting for further applications of new rye products by having a cereal-like flavour without any obvious bitterness. Phenolic compounds, most of which are bioactive and thus health-beneficial, were distributed with a similar pattern in the rye grain as the flavour components: the phenolic compounds were clearly linked to the outer bran fractions, but not to the inner layers of the grain. In conclusion, by milling fractionation of rye uneven distribution of perceived flavour components and non-volatile, flavour-active phenolic compounds in rye grain was shown. This finding might lead to new, rye-based food applications by the use of the middle shorts fraction, which gave cereal-like notes without bitterness and contained more bioactivity than the endosperm of rye grain.

Published
2006

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