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Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a major public issue. However, data on the emotional impact of IPV is limited and the mechanisms involved are poorly explored. Accordingly, the present study aimed to assess the effect of IPV experiences on negative affect, exploring the mediating role of adult attachment (anxiety and avoidance). A total of 599 participants (Mage = 28.01; SD = 7.81) were recruited. The following self-reports were used: Conflict Tactic Scale-Short form; Experience in Close Relationships Scale; Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Direct and indirect effect of IPV on negative affect were tested through a mediation analysis. IPV experiences resulted not directly associated with negative affect. However, an indirect relationship emerged mediated by attachment anxiety and avoidance. These findings highlight the emotional impact of IPV experiences, emphasizing the role of deactivating and hyperactivating strategies of the attachment system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Several studies point to an association between minority stress, especially internalized homonegativity and the quality of the couple relationship. However, the dimensions of psychological functioning that might moderate this relationship seem to be scarcely explored. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate the association between internalized homonegativity and relationship quality by examining the moderating role of adult attachment (dimensions of anxiety and avoidance) in lesbian and gay (LG) people. Materials and Methods: A total of 674 LG participants who had been in a couple relationship for at least 12 months were included in the study and completed self-report questionnaires. Results: The results show a direct negative effect of internalized homonegativity on relationship quality. Adult attachment seems to moderate this relationship: on the one hand, the negative relationship between internalized homonegativity and relationship quality is significant at high levels of anxious attachment, but not at low levels. On the other hand, the negative relationship between internalized homonegativity and relationship quality turns out to be significant at low levels of avoidant attachment, but not at high levels. Discussion: The results suggest that attachment anxiety and avoidance play different roles in the relationship between internalized homonegativity and relationship quality. While high levels of anxious attachment appear to be a risk factor, high levels of avoidant attachment seem to play a protective role. Although future studies are needed to investigate the present preliminary findings further, the results of the present study provide useful clinical and research insights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to examine the direct relationship between adult attachment and mobile phone dependence, as well as the mediating role of loneliness. Methods: Using a cross-sectional study design, 596 Chinese university students (mean age = 19.8, SD = 1.09; females = 309) completed the Experience in Close Relationship Inventory, the UCLA Loneliness Scale, and the Mobile Phone Addiction Index. Results: There were significant differences in loneliness and mobile phone dependence among university students with different adult attachment types. Adult attachment was found to have a significant positive correlation with mobile phone dependence. Moreover, adult attachment had an indirect association with mobile phone dependence through the mediating role of loneliness. Conclusion: Adult attachment and mobile phone dependence are closely related, and loneliness plays a vital role in this relationship, suggesting that mobile phone dependence can be reduced by alleviating university students' loneliness. These findings enhanced the understanding of the mechanism of mobile phone dependence and provided new perspectives for the prevention and treatment of mobile phone dependence among university students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To whom do we turn for support in times of need, and what does the support from close others convey? The present research investigated how the structure and function of attachment differ for individuals in East Asian and Western cultures. In three studies, using survey and daily diary data, we examined the role of the romantic partner as an attachment figure, and the consequences of receiving responsive support in close relationships among individuals in Korea and the United States. As expected, the role of the romantic partner as an attachment figure was less emphasized for Koreans compared with U.S. participants. Also, responsive support from close others was more strongly linked to affiliation-related end states (i.e., in-group agency) for Koreans than U.S. individuals. The present research demonstrates the need to consider nuanced cultural influences in the attachment literature for the broader application of the theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The literature on attachment is unclear regarding the most appropriate level of measurement for this construct. This study aimed to assess the measurement level of the EBRAPEG-A scale. As a secondary objective, the original 93-item EBRAPEG-A was reduced using data-driven methods and this new reduced version was compared to a 34-item version identified in the literature. A total of 808 Brazilians aged between 18 and 67 years, 82.4% of whom were women, participated in this study. The data-driven reduction method produced a 27-item scale, with factor scores showing a strong correlation with the 34-item version. Taxometric analysis of the 34-item version suggested a slight tendency towards a dimensional model, while the analysis of the 27-item scale was inconclusive. The study discusses how both reduced versions of the EBRAPEG-A can be used to assess the attachment construct as a dimensional variable and outlines expectations for future research.

This study investigated maternal oxytocin, caregiving sensitivity and mother-to-infant bonding at 3-months postpartum as predictors of child behavior and psychological outcomes in the preschool years, when controlling for concurrent maternal negative emotional symptoms and adult attachment state-of-mind. Forty-five mother–child dyads were assessed at 3-months and 3.5 years postpartum using mix of questionnaires, observational, interview and biological methods. Results showed that lower levels of maternal baseline oxytocin at 3-months postpartum significantly predicted emotional reactivity in the child at 3.5 years. When maternal adult attachment state-of-mind and negative emotional symptoms were included, lower levels of maternal baseline oxytocin at 3-months postpartum significantly predicted withdrawn child behavior. In addition, unresolved adult attachment and maternal negative emotional symptoms were significantly associated child behavioral disturbance in a range of areas. Findings highlight maternal postnatal oxytocin as a potential indicator of children who may be more likely to show emotional reactivity and withdrawn behavior in the preschool years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In certain situations, romantic engagement with a partner can have detrimental effects on an individual's well-being and overall health, exhibiting features attributable to addictive behaviors. Considering the clinical significance of this phenomenon and its prevalence among adolescents and young adults, the objective of this study was to investigate the potential associations between some risk factors for love addiction in a sample of university students, with a specific focus on adult attachment, separation anxiety, and defense mechanisms. A total of 332 participants (Mage = 23 years; SD = 2.462) completed a survey consisting of the Love Addiction Inventory—Short Form, Relationship Questionnaire, Seven Domains Addiction Scale (Separation Anxiety domain), and Forty Item Defense Style Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation, and a multiple mediation model was also implemented. Results showed that fearful attachment was significantly and positively associated with love addiction. Furthermore, this relationship was mediated by separation anxiety and neurotic/immature defense mechanisms too. These findings contribute to the existing literature on love addiction and provide valuable insights for future research and clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Understanding how adults experience and regulate their emotions is strongly linked to attachment orientations. Numerous studies indicate emotional regulation difficulties in both attachment avoidance and anxiety. Additionally, emotional Event-Related Potentials (ERPs), such as the Late Positive Potential (LPP), reveal the process of emotional information at the cerebral level, and thus, LPP is commonly used in studies examining emotion regulation processes. For instance, when individuals are asked to use cognitive strategies to increase, maintain, or decrease their emotional responses to stimuli, changes in LPP amplitude can reflect the effectiveness of these regulation strategies. However, little is known about the potential moderating effect of the LPP during the implementation of emotional regulation strategies in the relationship between attachment dimensions and emotional dysregulation. To address this oversight, the purpose of the present study was to examine the association between both dimensions of attachment, anxiety and avoidance, and emotional dysregulation, as well as the moderating role of the LPP during the induced implementation of cognitive reappraisal. Methods: Brain activity was recorded using EEG from n = 63 adults while they performed a task in which they were instructed to either reappraise or suppress emotions elicited by unpleasant images. To assess the associations between LPP, emotional dysregulation, and attachment orientations, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale Spanish version (DERS-E) and the Experiences in Close Relationships questionnaire (ECR-12) were used. Results: Interestingly, we found that greater LPP amplitudes during reappraisal implementation intensified the association between attachment anxiety and emotional regulation difficulties. Conversely, this relationship was non-significant under lower levels of LPP amplitude—Providing supporting evidence for the moderating role of LPP. Discussion: Our results highlight how attachment anxiety can influence the ability to regulate emotions. This study provides new insights into how variations in LPP contribute to the effectiveness of emotion regulation strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a problematic and important social phenomenon (World Health Organization [WHO], 2021) that has been repeatedly linked to attachment insecurities (Velotti et al., 2020). However, the mechanisms linking these two variables remain understudied. This study examines the direct and indirect associations between attachment insecurities (anxiety and avoidance) and perpetration of IPV (psychological, physical, sexual, coercive control) through the use of dysfunctional communication patterns (i.e., demand/demand, I demand/my partner withdraws, my partner demands/I withdraw) and lower relationship satisfaction. Methods: A sample of 613 men and non-binary people who consulted organizations providing help to individuals with relationship or IPV-related difficulties answered online questionnaires. A path analysis was conducted to test the direct and indirect associations between attachment insecurities and perpetrated IPV through communication patterns and relationship satisfaction. Results: The results showed a direct and positive association between attachment anxiety and perpetration of coercive control, and an indirect and positive association between attachment insecurities and psychological violence through the demand/demand pattern. The results also revealed an indirect and positive association between attachment anxiety and psychological violence, sexual violence, and coercive control through the I demand/my partner withdraws pattern. Finally, an indirect and positive association was observed between attachment insecurities and all types of violence studied through lower relationship satisfaction. Conclusions: This study provides key individual and relational correlates of IPV perpetration that can inform prevention and intervention among men and non-binary people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Just as people strive to understand their own individual identities—to form a clear and coherent sense of who they are—they also seek to gain a clear understanding of who and what they are as a couple. However, some people may struggle in this goal; specifically, people high in attachment avoidance, who face barriers unique to the specific nature of their insecurity. We investigated whether attachment avoidance is negatively correlated with couple identity clarity and tested potential mechanisms for this association. We proposed that less interpersonal closeness and self‐verification from their partner would mediate the association between attachment avoidance and couple identity clarity. We found support for these hypotheses across three studies (total N = 912). Thus, attachment avoidance may create identity‐specific challenges in relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the impact of negative parenting styles on problematic mobile phone use among college students, as well as the chain mediating role of adult attachment and fear of missing out (FoMO). The short-form EMBU, Experience in Close Relationship Inventory, Fear of Missing Out Scale, and Mobile Phone Addiction Index Scale were completed by 1002 college students. Results showed that parental rejection and overprotection were positively correlated with college students' problematic mobile phone use. The chain mediating effect of attachment anxiety(or attachment avoidance) and FoMO between negative parenting styles and problematic mobile phone use was significant. These findings suggest that negative parenting styles are closely associated with problematic mobile phone use among college students, and that adult attachment and FoMO play important roles in this relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Current social issues such as bullying, online violence, and local conflicts are all prominent topics in the field of psychology and linked to dehumanization. However, research on dehumanization from a non-Western background has been rare. As a key factor influencing individual behavior, attachment has not been sufficiently integrated into studies on dehumanization. Therefore, this study provides empirical evidence to explore the relationship between adult attachment (both trait and state) and dehumanization. The sample consisted of college students from China. Methods: In Study 1 (N = 705) latent profile analysis was employed to exploring the potential categories of trait adult attachment in China, and to investigate how these categories impact dehumanization. Study 2 (N = 281) focused on activating secure attachment and examined the effects of three state attachment types, security, avoidance and anxiety, on dehumanization. Results: Study 1 identified four types of adult attachment: preoccupied, secure, fearful, and dismissing, and revealed that these different attachment types have varying impacts on dehumanization. Study 2 showed that both security and avoidance predict dehumanization. Discussion: This research established a link between adult attachment and dehumanization, offering new insights into the psychological mechanisms underlying dehumanization and suggesting novel strategies for its prevention and intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study used the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model to examine how parents' adult attachment influences their their own and the partners' co-parenting and parent-child relationships. Participants were from a cross-sectional sample of 1313 Chinese heterosexual married couples (fathers' Mage = 39.74, SD = 5.61; mothers' Mage = 37.55, SD = 5.04) whose biological children were pupils (Mage = 10.25, SD = 2.35). Results revealed that: (a) Couple members' actor effects from adult attachment avoidance to positive and negative co-parenting and parent-child closeness and conflict were found both significant; (b) The actor effects from adult attachment anxiety to negative co-parenting and parent-child conflict were found significant, whereas only partner effect from attachment avoidance to positive co-parenting and from attachment anxiety to parent-child conflict were significant. The results highlight the negative effects of parents' attachment avoidance and anxiety on their partners' parenting function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition to motherhood encompasses intensive caring for another and thus may activate adult attachment. The current study aimed to examine the fluctuations in adult attachment among the rarely examined population of experienced mothers during their re‐transition to motherhood. A sample of 186 Israeli women was followed at the third trimester of pregnancy (T1), 2 months (T2) and 5 months (T3) after giving birth. Participants completed questionnaires regarding their background variables and adult attachment. The findings showed that while anxious attachment remained stable, avoidant attachment decreased from the end of pregnancy to 8 weeks and 5 months after delivery. Despite its relative stability, adult attachment may fluctuate during significant life transitions in a way that is adjusted to the demands of the changing reality. This fluctuation may occur even when individuals have already experienced a life transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background With college students going into dating relationships, dating partners become their new attachment figures. We aimed to investigate the relationship between adult attachment, and love psychological stress among college students, which also explored the roles of core self-evaluation and meaning in life. Methods We conducted a questionnaire survey on 813 college students using the adult attachment scale, core self-evaluation scale, meaning in life scale, and love psychological stress scale. We constructed a moderated mediation model to analyze the relationship between adult attachment and love psychological stress, as well as the mediating effect of core self-evaluation and the moderating effect of meaning in life. Results The results showed that after controlling for single parent or not, adult attachment significantly negatively predicted love psychological stress of college students. Core self-evaluation partially mediated the relationship between adult attachment and love psychological stress of college students. The second half of the mediation model was moderated by meaning in life, that is, with the increase of meaning in life, the negative predictive effect of core self-evaluation on love psychological stress of college students gradually strengthened. The findings of this study demonstrate the detrimental impact of adult attachment on love psychological stress of college students, as well as the mediating core self-evaluation and the moderating role of meaning in life. Conclusions The mediating and moderating effect of adult attachment between love psychological stress, as well as the mediating effect of core self-evaluation and the moderating effect of meaning in life were confirmed. Overall, promoting the healthy development of adult attachment and helping them shape a positive meaning in life can enhance individuals’ core self-evaluation, thus alleviating love psychological stress among college students. It can also provide references for mental health education in colleges and universities.

We investigated whether attachment insecurity (anxiety and avoidance) moderated the association between satisfaction with social support and pain disability. We also tested whether the relationship between insecure attachment and pain disability was serially mediated by pain catastrophising and psychological inflexibility. A large-scale cross-sectional correlational design was employed. Data were collected using an online survey. Correlation, serial mediation and moderated regression analyses were used. Data from 894 people with self-reported chronic pain were analysed. Based on correlations, age, depression, and pain intensity were included as covariates. No direct effect of satisfaction with social support on pain disability was observed in the moderation. Attachment anxiety was positively associated with pain disability (b = 1.20, t = 2.03, p <.05), but attachment avoidance was not (b = −0.08, t = −0.13, p =.90). The association between attachment anxiety and pain disability was partially mediated by pain catastrophising and psychological inflexibility (c = 1.21, t = 4.37, p <.001; a1db2 = 0.33, t = 5.15, p <.001). The relationship between attachment avoidance and pain disability was fully mediated by pain catastrophising and psychological inflexibility (c = 0.15, t = 0.54, p =.59; a1db2 = 0.13, t = 2.24, p <.05). This study provided initial evidence that pain catastrophising and psychological inflexibility mediate the association between insecure attachment and pain disability. Follow-up research using a longitudinal design is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Marital distress is a risk factor for a panoply of mental and physical health disorders. One of the causes of marital distress that is increasingly gaining relevance is attachment injuries in the marital relationship. Emerging from the confluence of adult attachment theory and emotionally focussed couples therapy, attachment injuries refer to tears in the relationship bond caused by abandonment or betrayal in the marriage, especially at times of critical need when attachment needs are salient. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate how therapists in India conceptualise and assess attachment injuries in marital relationships. Method: A qualitative design was used, whereby in‐depth interviews were conducted with 13 therapists and the transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: The analysis resulted in two overarching themes. The first was 'Attachment Injuries are a Common Phenomenon in Couples undergoing Marital Distress', which included themes related to markers of attachment injuries, injurious events, the gendered nature of attachment injury experiences and the impact of attachment injuries. The second overarching theme was 'Therapists Utilize Diverse Methods for the Crucial Process of Identification of Attachment Injuries', which included themes related to the methods used for assessment, the significance of attachment lens, the role of early experiences and the utility of identifying attachment injuries. Conclusion: The results highlighted how attachment injuries, originating from various injurious events, are often a component of marital distress in couples accessing therapy. The findings also pointed towards the need for therapists to develop competency in assessing and addressing attachment injuries, irrespective of their primary therapy orientation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adults with attachment insecurity often struggle in romantic relationships due to difficulties in emotion regulation (ER). One potentially influential yet understudied factor is the inflexible over-reliance on either intrapersonal (self-directed, e.g., suppression) or interpersonal (involving others, e.g., sharing) ER. This study investigates the association between attachment insecurity and flexibility in using interpersonal versus intrapersonal ER in response to daily stressors in romantic relationships. We hypothesized that higher attachment avoidance and anxiety are associated with (H1) higher reliance on either intrapersonal or interpersonal ER over the other, respectively; (H2) less variable use of interpersonal compared to intrapersonal ER over time; and (H3) less flexible use of interpersonal compared to intrapersonal ER depending on the availability of a romantic partner. Study 1 (N = 174; 133 females, Mage = 23.79, SDage = 7.63) used an online cross-sectional survey to measure average inter/intrapersonal ER, addressing H1. Study 2 (N = 124; 104 females, Mage = 22.45, SDage = 6.39), combined a baseline survey with experience sampling (7 days, 8 notifications/day), addressing H1, H2, and H3. Results showed that higher attachment avoidance was associated with lower interpersonal compared to intrapersonal ER. Higher attachment anxiety was associated with less variable use of interpersonal compared to intrapersonal ER and less flexible use of interpersonal ER depending on partner availability. These findings suggest distinct associations between attachment orientations and ER flexibility, explaining ER difficulties in individuals with high attachment insecurity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is the most important factor affecting the life quality of young breast cancer patients, and it may be affected by the patient's personality, marital relationship and communication, there is a lack of research on the relationship between adult attachment, self-disclosure and FCR in patients. This study investigated the current situation of FCR in young breast cancer patients, its correlation with adult attachment and self-disclosure and its influencing factors, in order to predict the impact of adult attachment and self-disclosure of patients to spouse on FCR. Methods: A survey was conducted on 126 breast cancer patients at our hospital using the General Information Questionnaire (GIQ), Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form (FoP-Q-SF), Experiences in Close Relationships inventory (ECR), and Distress Disclosure Index (DDI). The study analyzed the status of FCR among young breast cancer patients and its correlation with adult attachment and self-disclosure, along with its influencing factors. Results: Among the 126 young breast cancer patients, 50 had a FoP-Q-SF score <34 (normal group), while 76 had a FoP-Q-SF score ≥34 (FCR positive group), with an FCR incidence rate of 60.32%. Univariate analysis showed statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of FoP-Q-SF score, ECR score, attachment anxiety score, attachment avoidance score, DDI score, age, educational level, employment status, per capita monthly income, and treatment method (p < 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed that FoP-Q-SF scores were positively correlated with attachment anxiety score, attachment avoidance score, ECR scores and negatively correlated with DDI scores (p < 0.05). Linear regression analysis indicated that age, per capita monthly income, treatment method, attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance and self-disclosure level were negative predictors of FoP-Q-SF scores in young breast cancer patients (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The incidence rate of FCR among young breast cancer patients is high. There is a positive correlation between adult attachment and the level of FCR, and a negative correlation between the level of self-disclosure and FCR. Patients with lower per capita monthly income, more complex treatment methods, higher level of attachment anxiety, higher level of attachment avoidance and lower DDI scores had higher FoP-Q-SF scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A fundamental principle of attachment theory is that threatening situations give rise to individual differences in the extent to which people seek proximity to close others. The current research examines the way in which attachment styles predict individual differences in attachment-relevant behavior during threatening events. We tested alternative theoretical perspectives concerning the association between adult attachment (specifically, attachment avoidance) and attachment behavior in the presence of natural clues to danger by observing couples (N = 204) when they were watching horror vs. control film excerpts. Results suggest that highly avoidant people engaged in less attachment behavior across both threatening and non-threatening situations. These findings have implications for the understanding of attachment-related processes and how working models of the self and others facilitate (or inhibit) the expression of attachment behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this project was to identify and cross-validate distinct profiles of emotion regulation difficulties. In Study 1 (N = 438 U.S. college students), latent profile analysis identified three distinct profiles: Challenged, At-Risk, and Functional. Attachment anxiety and avoidance significantly differentiated the three profiles. Additionally, those in the Challenged profile reported the highest anxiety, depression, and distress and the lowest psychological wellness. In Study 2, profile similarity analyses cross-validated the three profiles to 227 European American and 155 Taiwanese college students. These results suggested the three profiles identified in Study 1 remained consistent across European American and Taiwanese cultures. Sociotropy (dependence) and autonomy (self-criticism) significantly differentiated the three profiles. Moreover, in both samples, those with the Functional profile reported the lowest anxiety/depression and highest self-esteem/life satisfaction. Compared to European Americans, Taiwanese reported less anxiety across all profiles, less depression in the Challenged profile, less self-esteem in the At-Risk and Functional profiles, and less life satisfaction in the At-Risk profile. The project's findings suggest significant implications for clinicians, researchers, and educators. It underscores the necessity of incorporating emotion regulation topics to better support students and highlights the value of identifying specific patterns in college students' emotion regulation challenges for customized treatment strategies. Significance of the scholarship to the public: Across two studies, we identified and confirmed three distinct profiles based on college students' reports of emotion regulation difficulties: the Functional, At-Risk, and Challenged profiles. Notably, these three profiles are similar for European American college students and Taiwanese college students. The three profiles could be differentiated by adult attachment and personal styles and were associated with different levels of positive and negative psychological outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Literature on eating disorder (ED) symptoms of Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) group is extremely scarce. This study aimed to understand the mechanisms underlying the associations between insecure attachment and ED symptoms and examine whether these mechanisms differed between White and BIPOC groups. Method: The study investigated direct and indirect relationship between attachment anxiety/avoidance and ED symptoms via intolerance of uncertainty (IU) and emotion regulation strategies of suppression and reappraisal. Further, we examined whether the proposed mechanisms equally represented White versus BIPOC using Multigroup Structural Equation Model (MG‐SEM). A total of 1227 college students (48.50% BIPOC and 51.50% White) completed research questionnaires. Results: Results showed that IU and suppression mediated the relations between insecure attachment and ED symptoms for both White and BIPOC groups. Uniquely, reappraisal mediated the relations between insecure attachment and ED symptoms for the White group, but not for the BIPOC group. Discussion: The implications of the findings for culturally informed practice are discussed, including targeting increasing tolerability of uncertainties and improving emotion regulation to mitigate ED symptoms for those with insecure attachment. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study suggests that intolerance of uncertainty and suppression underlie associations between insecure attachment and eating disorder (ED) symptoms for both White and Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) individuals. Uniquely, reappraisal also plays a critical role in the association between insecure attachment and ED symptoms for White group, but not for BIPOC group. The research highlights culturally informative treatment for ED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate a sequence of associations between clients' pretreatment attachment style, the development of individuated-secure attachment to the therapist (i.e., therapeutic attachment), and the experience of increased comfort with emotional closeness (growing engagement) or independence (growing autonomy) in therapy. Moreover, the study explored whether clients' experience of growing engagement or growing autonomy was associated with a change in interpersonal problems at the end of therapy. Method: Three hundred thirty adult clients (mean age 40.2, 75% female) were seen by 44 therapists in individual psychotherapy. The associations between pretreatment attachment insecurity measured on the Experiences in Close Relationships scale, repeated measures of therapeutic attachment measured on the Client Attachment to Therapist Scale, repeated measures of a growing engagement or growing autonomy measured on the Therapeutic Distance Scale, and pre–post measures of interpersonal problems measured on the Inventory for Interpersonal Problems were analyzed using multilevel modeling. Two types of therapeutic attachment were estimated, one controlling for anxious attachment characteristics and one for avoidant. Results: Significant associations between higher levels of therapeutic attachment controlled for avoidant attachment characteristics and lower levels of growing autonomy in therapy were found. Moreover, higher levels of growing engagement in therapy and higher levels of therapeutic attachment controlled for anxious attachment characteristics were associated with a decrease in interpersonal problems at the end of therapy. Conclusions: Distinct types of therapeutic attachment may exert different influences on the process and outcome of therapy. Furthermore, therapists' attunement to clients' specific attachment needs in therapy may enhance interpersonal outcomes of treatment. What is the public health significance of this article?: This study highlights the clinical relevance of applying attachment-theoretical principles to the process of therapy to enhance therapeutic outcomes. The study suggests that for certain clients, increases in the attachment between the client and therapist may be associated with a decrease in the client's experience of autonomy in therapy. The study also indicates that the client's experience of increased comfort with emotional closeness in therapy, as well as the development of therapeutic attachment unbiased by anxious attachment characteristics, could be related to a decrease in the client's interpersonal problems at the end of therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intimate partner violence (IPV) has consistently been shown to have deleterious effects on survivors' interpersonal and intrapersonal relationships. Despite the negative outcomes of IPV, distress after IPV varies widely, and not all IPV survivors show a significant degree of distress. The present study examined the impact of IPV on adult attachment and self-esteem, as well as the moderating role of childhood attachment on the relationships between IPV, adult attachment, and self-esteem using path analysis. A total of 1,708 adult participants were included in this study. As hypothesized, we found that IPV survivors had significantly higher levels of anxious and avoidant adult attachment than participants without a history of IPV. Additionally, childhood attachment buffered the relationship between IPV and self-esteem. We did not find that childhood attachment moderated the relationship between IPV and adult attachment. These results provide insight on attachment-based interventions that can mitigate the negative effects of IPV on people's perceptions of self. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the direct relationship between adult attachment and mobile phone dependence, as well as the mediating role of loneliness.MethodsUsing a cross-sectional study design, 596 Chinese university students (mean age = 19.8, SD = 1.09; females = 309) completed the Experience in Close Relationship Inventory, the UCLA Loneliness Scale, and the Mobile Phone Addiction Index.ResultsThere were significant differences in loneliness and mobile phone dependence among university students with different adult attachment types. Adult attachment was found to have a significant positive correlation with mobile phone dependence. Moreover, adult attachment had an indirect association with mobile phone dependence through the mediating role of loneliness.ConclusionAdult attachment and mobile phone dependence are closely related, and loneliness plays a vital role in this relationship, suggesting that mobile phone dependence can be reduced by alleviating university students’ loneliness. These findings enhanced the understanding of the mechanism of mobile phone dependence and provided new perspectives for the prevention and treatment of mobile phone dependence among university students.

IntroductionUnderstanding how adults experience and regulate their emotions is strongly linked to attachment orientations. Numerous studies indicate emotional regulation difficulties in both attachment avoidance and anxiety. Additionally, emotional Event-Related Potentials (ERPs), such as the Late Positive Potential (LPP), reveal the process of emotional information at the cerebral level, and thus, LPP is commonly used in studies examining emotion regulation processes. For instance, when individuals are asked to use cognitive strategies to increase, maintain, or decrease their emotional responses to stimuli, changes in LPP amplitude can reflect the effectiveness of these regulation strategies. However, little is known about the potential moderating effect of the LPP during the implementation of emotional regulation strategies in the relationship between attachment dimensions and emotional dysregulation. To address this oversight, the purpose of the present study was to examine the association between both dimensions of attachment, anxiety and avoidance, and emotional dysregulation, as well as the moderating role of the LPP during the induced implementation of cognitive reappraisal.MethodsBrain activity was recorded using EEG from n = 63 adults while they performed a task in which they were instructed to either reappraise or suppress emotions elicited by unpleasant images. To assess the associations between LPP, emotional dysregulation, and attachment orientations, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale Spanish version (DERS-E) and the Experiences in Close Relationships questionnaire (ECR-12) were used.ResultsInterestingly, we found that greater LPP amplitudes during reappraisal implementation intensified the association between attachment anxiety and emotional regulation difficulties. Conversely, this relationship was non-significant under lower levels of LPP amplitude—Providing supporting evidence for the moderating role of LPP.DiscussionOur results highlight how attachment anxiety can influence the ability to regulate emotions. This study provides new insights into how variations in LPP contribute to the effectiveness of emotion regulation strategies.

Although research on adult attachment has yielded insight into the legacy of attachment for functioning in adulthood, methodological challenges persist in the assessment of adult attachment. The Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) offers a rich assessment of secure, insecure, and unresolved states of mind. However, it is resource intensive to administer and code. Attachment Script Assessment (ASA) offers a resource-effective alternative to the AAI. However, the ASA coding system only yields a single, security-like dimension: secure base script knowledge. Here, we introduce a complementary coding system for the ASA to assess attachment deactivation (i.e. script characterized by limited interpersonal connection and minimization of attachment problems/emotions), hyperactivation (i.e. script in which attachment-relevant problems and negative emotions are heightened), and anomalous content (i.e. script in which attachment problems contain elements of fear and/or disorientation); and we discuss the conceptual convergence of these scripts with corresponding patterns of attachment insecurity and disorganization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adult attachment orientations can influence emotion regulation. Such influence on the tendency to employ two strategies, cognitive reappraisal (which aims to modify emotional experiences) and expressive suppression (which inhibits emotional expression) and later symptoms is understudied. This longitudinal study evaluated indirect associations between adult attachment orientations—with a focus on the dimension of security—and transdiagnostic anxiety and depression symptoms (General Distress; GD) through reappraisal and suppression. Correlational analyses examined cross-sectional associations among constructs across four timepoints. A cross-lagged panel model was fit to examine prospective hypotheses using 30-month longitudinal data from young adults (N = 270 at baseline). Correlational evidence provided support for expected cross-sectional associations. In prospective analyses, there was a significant unique effect of attachment-related avoidance on expressive suppression such that higher attachment-related avoidance predicted higher use of subsequent expressive suppression. There were significant unique effects of emotion regulation on symptoms such that higher reappraisal predicted lower subsequent GD and higher suppression predicted higher subsequent GD. There was no evidence for significant direct or indirect effects of attachment orientations on GD. Results suggest that adult attachment orientation may inform how one expresses emotions in the future, and how one regulates emotions may inform subsequent shared symptoms of depression and anxiety. There was no evidence that attachment orientations informed future transdiagnostic symptoms of depression and anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communicating personal experiences is crucial for fostering close relationships, but people can be reluctant to self‐disclose. The current research assessed the extent to which relationship‐specific (RS) and global attachment avoidance limit self‐disclosure of personal events in close relationships. Critically, we also identified the types of personal events that people will selectively share in relationships characterized by higher attachment avoidance. Participants (N = 609 in the aggregated sample) reported whether they shared up to four positive and four negative events that happened to them recently with up to eight close network‐members. We found that a one scale‐point increase in RS or global attachment avoidance (7‐point scales) predicted a 68% decrease or a 28% decrease in the odds of sharing, respectively. Nevertheless, people in more avoidant relationships did share personal events selectively: they uniquely prioritized sharing positive events, events that conveyed personal competence, and events that avoided vulnerability. Our findings shed light on the underlying factors contributing to the low likelihood of sharing personal experiences in more avoidant relationships and offer insights for future intervention work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the context of sleep, attachment is hypothesized to play a central role in regulating bedtime affect and arousal. While previous studies have suggested a link between attachment and sleep quality, a meta-analysis specifically examining this association in adults has been lacking. To address this gap, we conducted a series of multilevel meta-analyses of 28 studies on this topic. Our results indicated a correlation between attachment anxiety and an individual's own sleep quality (r = −0.16, p < 0.001), as well as their partner's sleep quality (r = −0.10, p < 0.05). There was also a negative correlation between attachment avoidance and an individual's sleep quality (r = −0.15, p < 0.001) as well as their partner's sleep quality (r = −0.16, p < 0.01). Additionally, the relationships were moderated by several variables, including age, sleep measurement, and gender. Further analysis indicated that attachment anxiety was associated with poorer subjective sleep quality (PSQI) (r = −0.23, p < 0.001), longer sleep latency (r = −0.10, p < 0.05), increased wakefulness after sleep onset (r = −0.09, p < 0.05), and greater daytime sleepiness (r = −0.20, p < 0.01). Attachment avoidance was associated with poorer self-reported sleep quality (PSQI) (r = −0.16, p < 0.001), longer time to fall asleep (r = −0.15, p < 0.05), and increased daytime sleepiness (r = −0.15, p < 0.05). In summary, the findings of the current study supported the association between attachment insecurity and poorer sleep quality in both individuals and their partners. These findings hold important implications for future interventions aimed at improving sleep quality by addressing attachment-related concerns. • Meta-Analysis reveals attachment's impact on adult sleep quality. • Attachment anxiety correlates negatively with personal and partner sleep. • Attachment avoidance linked to poorer self and partner sleep quality. • Modulating factors include age and sleep measurement method. • Results inform future sleep interventions addressing attachment issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Online shopping has been described by the scientific literature both for its benefits and the potential risks when excessive usage is involved. Indeed, compulsive online shopping is commonly conceptualized as a potential behavioural addiction that substantially impacts the lives of individuals afflicted by it. In light of this, the present research aimed at exploring the association between possible risk and protective factors for compulsive online shopping, by specifically exploring the role of adult attachment, affect dysregulation, and dissociation. Method: 285 participants (75% females, 25% males; Mage = 31.57, SD = 11.379) were involved in the research and completed an online survey. The collected data was analysed implementing a path analysis model. Results: Results showed significant total effects in the relationship between secure/fearful attachment patterns and compulsive online shopping. Such associations were significantly mediated by the sequential effect of affect dysregulation and dissociation. Conclusions: The present study provides useful information to guide tailored interventions concerning both preventive activity and clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experiencing spinal cord injury (SCI) can be life-changing for individuals and their families. Previous reviews have focused on coping and psychological adjustment, sexual function and sexuality, or factors facilitating or impeding interpersonal relationships after SCI. However, there is a very little synthesis of research focusing on changes to adult attachment and emotional intimacy post-SCI. This review aims to examine the mechanisms of change in adult attachment and intimacy in romantic relationships following SCI. Four online databases (Psycinfo, Medline, CINAHL, and Scopus) were searched for qualitative papers concerning romantic relationships, attachments, and intimacy post-SCI. Sixteen of the 692 papers met the inclusion criteria. These were quality assessed and analysed using meta-ethnography. Three main themes emerged from the analysis: (a) strengthening and maintaining adult attachment; (b) changes in roles; and (c) changing views of intimacy. Many couples face significant changes to adult attachment and intimacy following SCI. Systematic ethnographic analysis of their negotiations enabled the identification of underlying relational processes and adaptation strategies associated with changes to inter-dependence, communication, role revision, and re-definition of intimacy. The findings indicate that healthcare providers should assess and respond to challenges faced by couples post-SCI using evidence consistent with adult attachment theory. Professionals should support both partners to develop strategies to try to cope with spinal cord injury (SCI) and its associated stressors following injury. Information and support regarding both the physical and emotional impact of the injury on coupledom and romantic relationships should be provided after SCI. Support should be tailored to reflect an individual with SCI and their partner's cultural and societal background and needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attention to Same-Sex Intimate Partner Violence (SSIPV) has increased in the last decades. Isolating behaviors, however, have been poorly studied, despite the increased vulnerability to isolation experienced by gay and lesbian couples. The aim of the present study was to examine the independent effects of minority stressors (experiences of discrimination, perceived stigma, and internalized homonegativity), emotion dysregulation, and adult attachment dimensions (attachment avoidance and anxiety) on isolating behaviors perpetration. One hundred and forty-eight gay or lesbian individuals (Mage = 32.48; SD = 10.91) involved in a same-sex relationship participated in the study and completed a self-report online questionnaire. A multiple regression model was used to examine the relationship between the variables in the study. Only attachment anxiety was associated with isolating behaviors. In contrast, attachment avoidance, experiences of discrimination, perceived stigma, internalized homonegativity, and emotion dysregulation did not influence perpetration of isolating behaviors. The present study highlights the influence of attachment anxiety on isolating behaviors, suggesting the role of dysfunctional mechanisms of interpersonal distance regulation. The obtained results provide information at the theoretical and clinical level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current research has increasingly focused on the preventive role of individual legal socialization in crime. The socialization of legal emotions is an important part of legal socialization. Building upon existing literature, this study, conducted through two sub-studies, investigated the influencing factors of legal emotions in N mainland Chinese university students and the mechanisms through which legal emotions impact aggressive behavior. In study 1, the results indicated that mother-child attachment, innovation spirit, and positive emotional expression positively predicted positive legal emotion, while mother-child attachment, dependency dimension in adult attachment, and positive emotional expression negatively predicted negative legal emotions. The anxiety dimension in adult attachment and negative emotional expression positively predicted negative legal emotions. In study 2, Positive legal emotion among university students could directly negatively predict aggressive behavior or exert influence through social alienation. Negative legal emotions could not only directly positively predict aggressive behavior but also partly affect it through social alienation. In summary, our study not only identified factors that influence legal emotions, but also found that legal emotions have an impact on aggressive behavior directly or indirectly through social alienation. Our research findings have significant implications for cultivating positive legal emotion in university students and curbing aggressive behavior. This can be achieved by promoting the legal socialization of university students and ultimately contributing to crime prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extending previous research, we explored the relation of family-of-origin communication patterns to emerging adults’ romantic relationship satisfaction in a sample of college students (N= 312). We hypothesized a model where romantic attachment statistically mediates the relation of family communication with romantic relationship satisfaction. Open family communication was positively related to satisfaction through attachment anxiety and avoidance; conformity communication was negatively related to satisfaction through anxiety, but not avoidance. After controlling for attachment, conformity communication was positively directly related to relationship satisfaction. Findings provide important insight into the importance of family communication patterns in the development of relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the relationship between communication patterns and relationship experiences in young university students, highlighting the prevalence of mutual constructive communication and its positive association with these experiences. Aggressive communication was found to be associated with moderate levels of anxiety and avoidance in attachment, indicating difficulties in establishing satisfactory relationships. The sample consisted of 116 university students. Two Likert-type scales were used: the Communication Patterns Scale, adapted to Spanish by Montes in 2009, and the Close Relationships Experiences Scale-Revised, adapted for the Ecuadorian population by Díaz in 2022. The data were analyzed using the Spearman correlation test through the Jamovi statistical program version 2.3.28. The results revealed a significant positive correlation between aggressive communication and anxiety, with a correlation coefficient of 0.32 (p < 0.001), and with avoidance, with a correlation coefficient of 0.21 (p < 0.05). No significant gender differences were found in the anxiety and avoidance dimensions, suggesting a convergence in relational experience between young university men and women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study examined the relationship between adult attachment and subjective social status (SSS) in college students through a cross‐sectional survey (Study 1) and a longitudinal study (Study 2). In Study 1, 1300 college students were recruited via research flyers and online campus advertisements. They completed measures of adult attachment and SSS. The results showed that higher attachment anxiety and avoidance negatively predicted SSS. In Study 2, 958 freshmen students were recruited via the Freshmen Entrance Ceremony and underwent assessment four times (T1, T2, T3, and T4) at monthly intervals. The latent growth model results showed a significant decline in SSS during the first month of campus life, followed by a slow increase over the subsequent 2 months. While attachment avoidance did not predict a decline in SSS, attachment anxiety positively predicted the rate of decline in SSS, which meant that the higher the attachment anxiety was, the slower the rate of decline in SSS. Both studies indicated that both dimensions of attachment influence freshmen's SSS and that only attachment anxiety plays a role in the dynamics of SSS. Practitioner Points: Attachment anxiety and avoidance were negative predictors of subjective social status. Specifically, higher levels of attachment anxiety and avoidance were associated with lower subjective social status (SSS).During the first month of campus life, freshmen experienced a substantial and transient decline in SSS, which was subsequently followed by a gradual rebound over the next 2 months.Only attachment anxiety exhibited a positive correlation with the rate of decline in SSS. In other words, students with higher attachment anxiety experienced a slower decline in their SSS during the initial month of college. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maternal self-efficacy is a crucial component in effective parenting. It enhances the mother's experience and has wide-reaching effects on the child's development, well-being, mother-child relationship, and overall family dynamics. Yet, the elements constituting maternal efficacy are poorly understood because of their complexity. Using four steps of hierarchical regression analysis within the parental self-efficacy theory framework, this study explored the predictive power of demographics, childhood trauma, adult attachment, and cognitive flexibility in understanding maternal self-efficacy. The study included 386 mothers with children aged 0-6 years who reside in Turkey. The findings showed that the overall model explained a %18 variation in maternal self-efficacy scores. Among the control variables, the mother's age displayed robustness, as it remained unaffected by the studied variables. At the same time, education and employment status do not have significant predictive power on maternal self-efficacy. The results of hierarchical regression analysis indicated that childhood trauma and adult attachment are predictors of maternal self-efficacy. However, their significance disappeared in the presence of cognitive flexibility. This finding suggests that, like cognitive flexibility, various contextual and personal factors may alleviate the negative impact of childhood traumas and insecure attachments. The findings might help design policies, interventions, and programs to enhance parental self-efficacy, which leads to improved parenting practices and better parent-child relationships and ultimately contribute to positive child outcomes.

Background: The present study aimed to investigate if romantic attachment dimensions and alexithymia could significantly predict the dyadic adjustment of individuals in a romantic relationship. Methods: To achieve these goals, 410 participants, who were in a romantic relationship, were asked to complete an anonymous online survey, which included the following measures: Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Experience in Close Relationship Scale and Dyadic Adjustment Scale. Results: The hierarchical regression analysis revealed that only avoidant attachment dimansion was a significant predictor of dyadic adjustment in the final model. However, alexithymia was found to be negatively and indirectly associated with dyadic adjustment through the effect of avoidant attachment. Indeed, avoidant attachment significantly mediated the association between alexithymia and dyadic adjustment. Limitations: We used self-report measures, and we adopted a cross-sectional design. The sample comprised a higher number of women and well-educated participants. Conclusions: The current findings highlight the importance, from a clinical perspective, of paying attention to the planning of tailored psychological treatments directed at individuals who are in a relationship to reduce the levels of insecure attachment and alexithymia.

The link between adult attachment and depression in elderly populations is well-entrenched in scholarly literature. However, there is a limited understanding of the mediating and moderating pathways underpinning this relation. This study investigated the mediating effect of cognitive reappraisal and moderating effect of social connectedness in the association between adult attachment and depressive symptomology among Pakistani community-dwelling older parents. A population-based correlational study was conducted in the vicinity of Rawalpindi. The study employed a multistage cluster sampling approach to gather data from a total sample of 400 community-dwelling parents who were either 60 years old. Questionnaire-based interviews were carried out by using the Experiences in Close Relationships Questionnaire, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Lubben Social Network Scale, and Geriatric Depression Scale. Findings indicated that cognitive reappraisal significantly mediated the relation between adult attachment and depressive symptomology. Moreover, when social connectedness moderated the relationship, only the indirect effect of attachment avoidance – not attachment anxiety – had a significant impact on depressive symptoms via cognitive appraisal. This study illustrated the importance of considering adult attachment in predicting depressive symptoms in older parents. Additionally, findings showed that cognitive reappraisal and social connectedness could serve as protective factors in alleviating depressive symptoms. Psychogeriatric practitioners may embed attachment orientations through cognitive reappraisal and social linkages in intervention programs to minimize depression symptomology amongst older parents in community settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attachment is a well-explored construct since John Bowlby's substantial contributions nearly a half-century ago. Although the attachment research focused on infancy and childhood for many years, there have been recent attempts to broaden the research based on adult relationships. Adult attachment refers to the long-lasting tendency to seek and maintain proximity with preferred individuals to achieve a sense of security. Most self-report scales measuring adult attachment available today focus on romantic attachment, and the subscales do not adequately represent the construct. A new scale is developed here based on Bartholomew's four-category model of attachment. This study aims to develop and validate an Adult Attachment Scale (AAS). The steps followed in the development of the scale are: literature search and item generation, content validity testing or expert evaluation, and validation survey. A preliminary 112-item scale was developed and tested on a sample of 320 adult individuals (Males=151, Females=169) in the age range of 25 to 45 years. An Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) yielded a four-factor structure, which jointly accounted for 50.42% of the variance. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) demonstrated a good fit for the proposed model. The findings provide evidence for high internal consistency of the 51-item scale. Cronbach's alpha of the 5-point Likert scale was 0.86, and that of the subscales Secure, Preoccupied, Fearful, and Dismissing were 0.91, 0.94, 0.85, and 0.89, respectively. The scale was also found to have good construct validity in terms of convergent and discriminant validity. The Adult Attachment Scale was found to be a useful and promising measure with good psychometric properties to identify the dominant attachment style of the adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Hypnosis research indicates that subjects are not equally hypnotizable. Most studies on hypnotizability focused on the relationships with personality or cognitive variables. At the same time, only a few proposed the contribution of the attachment style, defined as the result of the childhood relationship with the caregivers and influencing the adult relations. Methods: In the present investigation, two studies were carried out to test the possible association between adult attachment and hypnotic responsivity. The adult attachment was assessed using the Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R) questionnaire, while hypnosis was assessed through the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility (HGSHS:A; Study 1) and the Phenomenology of Consciousness Inventory: Hypnotic Assessment Procedure (PCI-HAP; Study 2) in order to adopt a behavioral and a phenomenological approach, respectively. Results: Analyses showed that attachment factors (anxiety and avoidance) were not associated with the level of hypnotizability, whereas it was associated with variations of consciousness during hypnosis, mainly internal dialogue, absorption and negative emotions. Overall, the insecure attachment styles yielded increased mind wandering and restlessness during hypnosis when compared to the secure style. The reason probably lies in the feeling of anxiety or danger of insecurely attached individuals when involved in intimate or confidential relationships. Conclusion: These findings clarify a still poorly investigated aspect concerning the influence of attachment style on hypnotic experience and further highlight the need to consider inter-individual differences and the phenomenological perspective when assessing hypnosis and hypnotizability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depression is the most common and influential psychological disorder among college students. This study constructed a chain mediation model to test whether negative core schemas and interpersonal sensitivity play mediating roles in adult attachment and depressive symptoms. A total of 457 participants were recruited from three universities in Central China. They completed the Experiences in Close Relationship Scale, Brief Core Schema Scale, Short-Form Interpersonal Sensitivity Measure, and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. The results showed: (1) There were significant positive correlations between attachment anxiety/avoidance and symptoms of depression; (2) College students' depressive symptoms were influenced by attachment anxiety and avoidance through three pathways: the mediating role of negative core schemas, the mediating role of interpersonal sensitivity, and the chain-mediating role of both negative core schemas and interpersonal sensitivity. These findings provide preliminary data to support future research on the internal mechanisms through which adult attachment affects depressive symptoms from integrative and cognitive interpersonal perspectives. This research also suggests that universities should identify college students with attachment anxiety/avoidance at an early stage and provide timely interventions to reduce negative core schemas and interpersonal sensitivity, thus minimizing future depressive symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whilst both mindfulness and adult attachment have been linked to wellbeing, little is known about how these constructs relate to emotion regulation that can underpin wellbeing. The present study examined the association between adult attachment orientation and emotion regulation (strategies and difficulties) and the mediating role of facets of dispositional mindfulness. A sample of 301 university students (Mage = 23.08, SD = 8.08; 74.75% female) completed measures of adult attachment, emotion regulation, difficulties in emotion regulation, and dispositional mindfulness. Parallel multiple mediation analyses indicated that the act with awareness and non-judging facets of mindfulness repeatedly emerged as significant mediators in the positive associations between the dimensions of attachment insecurity (anxiety, avoidance, and disorganized) and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and difficulties in emotion regulation. Those individuals exhibiting greater attachment insecurity employ maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and display difficulties in emotion regulation via mindfulness deficits. The present findings extend our current understanding of the role of dispositional mindfulness in the associations between adult attachment orientation and varying aspects of the emotion regulation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]