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Mental simulation is an important tool for managers who want consumers to imagine what life would be like if they engaged in positive consumption behaviors. However, research has found mixed effects of mental simulation on behavior. To understand this inconsistency, the authors conduct a meta-analysis to quantify the effect of different mental simulation prompts. This multivariate three-level meta-analysis of 237 effect sizes spanning four decades (1980–2020) and representing 40,705 respondents yields a positive but small effect of mental simulation on behavioral responses. Managers and researchers can amplify this effect by using dynamic visual inductions (e.g., augmented reality), inductions involving both visuals and verbal instructions, and repeated inductions spaced over time (e.g., weekly, akin to real-world marketing campaigns). Inducing simulations repeatedly but massed (e.g., using the same message at the same time across different platforms or retargeting ads) actually reduces subsequent behavioral performance. The authors explain the implications of these findings for theory and practice and identify novel avenues for research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retailers play a crucial role in the economy, and their ability to effectively manage supply disruptions can significantly impact their performance and competitiveness. This study delves into the complex dynamics of retail markets, particularly in duopoly settings, where two major retailers interact strategically to maximize their profits. The goal is to understand how supply disruptions influence not only pricing and advertising strategies but also sourcing decisions. Three game structures are presented to analyze interactions between retailers, aiming to maximize total profit by determining the optimal sale price and advertising investment. The paper introduces a mathematical formulation for these games and a methodology to find the optimal solution based on the sourcing strategy (single, dual, or multiple sourcing strategy).2 An extensive numerical example with discussion and sensitivity analysis is provided. The study's results can assist decision-makers in selecting the most appropriate sourcing strategy in the presence of disruptions. The optimal pricing and advertising investment in both disruption and non-disruption scenarios for retailers are identified. The study concludes that acting as the leader in the Stackelberg game rather than Nash leads to higher profits. Moreover, dual sourcing is more advantageous than multiple sourcing for retailers. The managerial insights offer useful recommendations for retailers to improve their position in the competitive market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To identify and evaluate the difference between voluntary and mandatory food marketing policies and regulations targeting childhood obesity and to study the role of media, the food industry, and private associations in implementing such policies. Methods: A review of policies and legislation about unhealthy food marketing was conducted by searching and extracting relevant grey literature from the websites of international health agencies, food marketing pledge databases, GINA, and NOURISHING policy databases. Statutory laws and self-regulations of high-income countries were compared with each other and with the WHO recommendations. Results: Regulations differ regarding target audience, nutrient profiling, communication media, and marketing techniques. To date, no country has implemented comprehensive regulations restricting all forms of unhealthy food marketing. Statutory laws are more meticulous and rigorous than self-regulatory policies. Conclusion: The goal of reducing childhood obesity through restrictions on unhealthy food advertising has not been met. While not welcomed by all actors, mandatory regulations may be more effective than voluntary measures in reaching this goal. A system for monitoring adherence to regulations and providing both incentives and penalties for violations is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As energy demands continue to rise and concerns about the impact on the environment of fossil fuels, renewable energy sources have emerged as viable alternatives. Bio-fuels can replace non-renewable energy sources. Micro and macro-algae, animal fat, leftover cooking oil and vegetable oil can be utilised to make bio-diesel. Micro-algae is readily available and affordable, making it a viable alternative to these sources. A bio-diesel supply chain that supports large-scale production must be developed quickly. A multi-objective framework is used to construct a sustainable micro-algal bio-diesel supply chain. Bio-diesel supply chain economic objective and environmental impact is minimized in the proposed approach. Bio-diesel is advertised as a fossil fuel replacement. Bio-refineries, bio-diesel depositories, multi-harvesting centres and supply sites for micro-algae (Chlorella, chlamydomonas and Scenedesmus) are considered. The suggested multi-objective model is optimized by implementing the G e n e t i c - A l g o r i t h m . The framework and solution technique are validated using numerical illustrations. Findings indicate that bio-diesel production facility starting expenses comprise 59% of overall costs, showing high installation costs in the supply chain. Additionally, their environmental impact accounts for 67% of total environmental installation impact. A sensitivity analysis is performed to determine the feasibility of this study. The suggested paradigm could potentially be beneficial for traders and governing bodies with an interest in bio-fuel industry. Article structure: Paper's remaining sections are organised as: Sect. 1 gives the introduction of the study. A discussion on the existing literature regarding bio-fuel's supply chain is presented in section 2. Sect. 3 presents the assumptions of the investigation along with the mathematical models. In Sect. 4, optimization technique G e n e t i c - A l g o r i t h m approach is described. Sect. 5 provides numerical validation of the approach and analysis of the numerical experiment. A discussion and detailed analysis of the results is discussed in section 6. Sect. 7 describe the implications and applicability of the adopted approach. The work has been concluded in Sect. 8 which also provides some suggestions for future investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The advertising of unhealthy products, including unhealthy foods, drugs with abuse potential, certain cosmetic products and services, and tobacco, has raised significant public health concerns due to its role in increasing consumption and contributing to the rise of non-communicable diseases. Policy development and enforcement in this area necessitate an in-depth analysis of the relevant stakeholders. This study aims to examine the stakeholders involved in regulating the advertisement of unhealthy products in Iran, providing critical evidence for shaping advertising regulations and reducing the societal consumption of such products. Methods This qualitative study, conducted in 2022, involved 18 experts experienced in the area of unhealthy product advertisement in Iran. Participants were selected through purposive and snowball sampling methods. The stakeholders' roles, power, positions, and interests were analyzed using Schmeer's guidelines. Results 17 stakeholders were identified as relevant to the ban on unhealthy product advertisements, of whom 14 were classified as active and three as inactive. Key stakeholders included radio and television broadcasters, the Ministries of Health, Culture, and Industry, as well as political institutions. The Ministry of Health (MOHME) emerged as a leading advocate for the ban, while the Ministries of Culture and Industry, along with political institutions, were identified as possessing significant power with moderate support for the policy. In contrast, broadcasters and social media platforms were powerful opponents of the ban. Conclusions The study underscores the pivotal role of stakeholders with high power and medium interest in the success of policies aimed at banning unhealthy product advertisements. Key challenges included conflicts of interest, insufficient penalties for organizations violating advertising regulations, organizational disputes, limited human and financial resources, lack of clear implementation guidelines, weak community engagement, and inadequate oversight. Engaging key stakeholders effectively could mitigate these obstacles and facilitate more effective health policy interventions in the future.

Abstract As energy demands continue to rise and concerns about the impact on the environment of fossil fuels, renewable energy sources have emerged as viable alternatives. Bio-fuels can replace non-renewable energy sources. Micro and macro-algae, animal fat, leftover cooking oil and vegetable oil can be utilised to make bio-diesel. Micro-algae is readily available and affordable, making it a viable alternative to these sources. A bio-diesel supply chain that supports large-scale production must be developed quickly. A multi-objective framework is used to construct a sustainable micro-algal bio-diesel supply chain. Bio-diesel supply chain economic objective and environmental impact is minimized in the proposed approach. Bio-diesel is advertised as a fossil fuel replacement. Bio-refineries, bio-diesel depositories, multi-harvesting centres and supply sites for micro-algae (Chlorella, chlamydomonas and Scenedesmus) are considered. The suggested multi-objective model is optimized by implementing the $$Genetic-Algorithm$$ G e n e t i c - A l g o r i t h m . The framework and solution technique are validated using numerical illustrations. Findings indicate that bio-diesel production facility starting expenses comprise 59% of overall costs, showing high installation costs in the supply chain. Additionally, their environmental impact accounts for 67% of total environmental installation impact. A sensitivity analysis is performed to determine the feasibility of this study. The suggested paradigm could potentially be beneficial for traders and governing bodies with an interest in bio-fuel industry.

Abstract Unhealthy products (food, alcohol, tobacco) are among the main risk factors of non-communicable diseases. To discourage the consumption of these products, Iran has passed a law banning the advertisement of unhealthy products in all media and for all age groups. The purpose of the present study was to identify the challenges of this approach and provide evidence to facilitate the enforcement process and the participation of stakeholders. In this qualitative study participants were selected from the policymakers and experts involved in the banning of advertisements on unhealthy products in Iran. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 specialists and experts. The participants were selected through purposive and snowball sampling. Identified challenges and solutions were divided into three categories and nine themes: external (political, social, and economic); interorganizational (mission and communication); and internal (planning, organization, leadership, and control). Banning the advertisement of unhealthy products involves many challenges due to the existence of key players with different roles and missions. If these challenges are not managed effectively, they will hinder the enforcement and success of this law. Therefore, it is necessary for policymakers and health system managers to take the necessary measures to remove these obstacles.

The current study explores the role of white space within advertisements on consumers' perceptions and the downstream consequences regarding their attitude toward the advertisement. We propose that advertisements with low (vs. high) white space on an advertisement enhances consumers' perceived confinement about the advertisement (Study 1). Further, advertisements including high (vs. low) white space should increase consumers' positive attitudes about the advertisement in response to the product image dynamism which is higher, while this is not the case for product image dynamism which is lower (Study 2). Two studies provide support for these propositions. This research not only helps to understand the different interpretations of white space, but also complements the literature on product image dynamism and advertising effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Issue Addressed: It is unknown whether SunSmart health promotion campaigns in Western Australia are still effectively reaching their target audience of young people (under 45 years). This study examined trends over time in awareness, relevancy and believability of SunSmart advertisements and identified socio‐demographic characteristics and risk factors associated with campaign awareness. Method: Linear regression and log‐binomial modelling were undertaken using data from the annual SunSmart post‐campaign evaluation surveys between 2008/2009 and 2021/2022. SunSmart campaigns were analysed and categorised into the following themes: (1) personal real‐life stories; (2) daily activities/sun exposure leads to skin cancer; or (3) cartoon/animated. Results: Between 2008 and 2022, there were declines in total awareness (74.2% to 20.4%), unprompted awareness (33.7% to 4.9%) and relevancy (89.5% to 54.8%) of SunSmart advertisements (representing annual percent decreases of 3.6%, 3.1% and 1.8%, respectively). However, believability remained high over time (>94% in each annual survey). Trends were inconsistent between the awareness of campaign themes and socio‐demographic characteristics and risk factors. Several campaigns had greater awareness in their subsequent years, compared with the first campaign year. Conclusion: In more recent years, SunSmart advertisements and campaigns may not have reached their target audience. In addition to socio‐demographic characteristics, particularly age, advertisement factors may also affect the awareness of specific campaigns. So What?: Given the changing advertising landscape and its rising costs, ongoing funding is pertinent to increase the reach of future SunSmart campaigns. Increasing advertisements on alternative platforms and designing campaigns which separately target adolescents and adults need to be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

YouTube is one of the primary platforms for the creation and distribution of audiovisual content. Consequently, brands leverage its potential for the dissemination of branded content projects. This paper examines the case of BBVA's "Aprendemos juntos" ("Learning Together"), whose YouTube channel boasts over four million subscribers. The research objectives are to characterize the distribution model and analyse the content to identify its key elements, delving into the fundamental principles of branded content. In order to achieve this objective, a methodology has been devised which employs a quantitative analysis of the channel's videos between 2019 and 2023, in addition to a content analysis of the most significant pieces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al-Academy is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the widespread penetration of network and computer technology into various fields of contemporary life, there exists a compelling imperative to investigate the nexus among the portrayal of female imagery within Online Social Media (OSM) advertisements, consumers' proclivity for purchase, and the psychological unease prevalent in the online community. Its overall goal is to foster sustainable economic development. This study constructs a Stimulus-Organism-Behavior psychological model, leveraging a nuanced comprehension of the theoretical underpinnings of OSM advertisement communication and consumer behavior. This study focuses on female consumers as the population statistical object and adopts a methodological approach centered on a comprehensive questionnaire survey (QS). The purpose is to confirm the interaction between consumer self-behavior, the image deployed in product advertising, and the resulting purchase intention. Upon statistical examination of the data, it is discerned that 56.10% of consumers within the online self-dimension of consumer self-image cognition acknowledge a congruence between the imagery presented in the product advertisement and their self-image. Additionally, 51.63% of these consumers want to acquire products from the advertised series. It is noteworthy that women demonstrate a propensity for irrational shopping tendencies, marked by attributes such as anxiety and the pursuit of fashion throughout the consumption process. Correlation analysis substantiates the relationships between the identified factors, thereby validating the proposed psychological model. The discerned insights furnish an experimental foundation for informing and guiding the sustainable development of the green consumption economy within the realm of OSM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strategic planning forms the basis of the campaigns to be realized by advertising agencies. Because the most important factor in the success of advertisements is to deliver the right message at the right time, in the right place, to the right target audience. In order to realize this element effectively, the use of big data in strategic planning has an important place. One of the most important features of today, which is called the information age, is that there is change and development in all areas on the basis of big data technologies. For this reason, businesses that want to make a difference and survive in all sectors need to bring data, which is defined as today's 'oil', to the forefront. Undoubtedly, like many businesses in various sectors, advertising agencies need to include big data in their work. The main purpose of the study is to determine how big data is used in strategic planning within the scope of advertising agencies and the role of big data in advertising strategic planning. In general, the aim of this study is to create a resource that will contribute to researchers and practitioners in this regard by revealing the role of big data technologies, the use of which is increasing day by day in all areas, in advertising-oriented strategic planning. In this direction, advertising agencies have been determined primarily in accordance with certain criteria. Within the framework of qualitative research, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 strategic planning experts in the selected agencies, considering the purposeful sampling method. The data obtained from the interviews were examined by content analysis method. The findings obtained from the mentioned analysis were evaluated and the conclusion part was formed. It has been found that almost every stage of the strategic planning prepared for the formation of effective advertising strategies and campaigns is trying to use big data. Therefore, within the scope of the sample, it has been concluded that big data has significant role in advertising strategic planning in advertising agencies in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines two different representations of traveling women from popular women’s magazines in 1970s developing South Korea. The two contrasting representations reveal the social construction of women’s autonomy, conventional boundaries, and moral sentiments in an authoritarian society. The Park Chung-hee government sought to regulate and naturalize various obligations for women, cultivating boundaries and moral sentiments according to a developmental compass. This is well represented in the first representation, in images of full-time housewives traveling with their husbands and children in model families. This depiction is compromised by the second imagery- images of leisure women who travel alone or with other women. While chastised by the government, male writers, and the broader society as immoral and dangerous, leisure women illuminate how women drew their own boundaries and attempted to carve their autonomous consumer subjectivity. Together, the two portrayals, among other images, provide a historical explanation for gendered dimensions of moral agency, self-determination, and mobility in developing South Korea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Humanitas: International Journal of Social Sciences / Uluslararasi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi is the property of Humanitas: International Journal of Social Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

One of the interesting discourses that has occurred in Thailand as a result of ChatGPT is how the algorithm is exploited in a growing number of workshops and seminars aimed at teaching how to use, or to 'prompt', the algorithm so as to maximise its potential. On the one hand, the organisers of these workshops aim at profiting from the growing demand for ChatGPT. On the other, there is a sense among the Thai public that they must reap the benefit of the technology for their own purposes. This trend seems to be more prominent in Thailand than in the West, where ChatGPT is viewed more with critical outlook. In this paper, we critically examine the perception of ChatGPT in the Thai context, especially when ChatGPT is used as a topic in these workshops. We will also discuss how this situation should lead to a discussion of how ChatGPT should be regulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, machine learning models based on big data have been introduced into marketing in order to transform customer data into meaningful insights and to make strategic decisions by making more accurate predictions. Although there is a large amount of literature on demand forecasting, there is a lack of research about how marketing strategies such as advertising and other promotional activities affect demand. Therefore, an accurate demand-forecasting model can make significant academic and practical contributions for business sustainability. The purpose of this article is to evaluate machine learning methods to provide accuracy in forecasting demand based on advertising expenses. The study focuses on a prediction mechanism based on several Machine Learning techniques—Support Vector Regression (SVR), Random Forest Regression (RFR) and Decision Tree Regressor (DTR) and deep learning techniques—Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Long Short Term Memory (LSTM),—to deal with demand forecasting based on advertising expenses. Deep learning is a powerful technique that can solve marketing problems based on both classification and regression algorithms. Accordingly, a television manufacturer's real market dataset consisting of advertising expenditures, sales and demand forecasting via chosen machine learning methods was analyzed and compared in terms of the accuracy of demand forecasting. As a result, Long Short Term Memory has been found to be superior to other models in providing highly accurate prediction results for demand forecasting based on advertising expenses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advertisement can be used to campaign on social issues, such as the IKEA’s product campaign on the issue of equality for the LGBT community viewed negatively by the people. This article aims to identify the IKEA attempts to change people's perspective through visual communication. This research uses the theory of structuration and Saussure's semiotic method to interpret signs based on signifiers and signifieds. As a result, the social change represented by IKEA with the theme of equality in American history is a donation communication strategy for the LGBT community, that is vulnerable to suicide, by considering local views and culture.

ObjectivesTo identify and evaluate the difference between voluntary and mandatory food marketing policies and regulations targeting childhood obesity and to study the role of media, the food industry, and private associations in implementing such policies.MethodsA review of policies and legislation about unhealthy food marketing was conducted by searching and extracting relevant grey literature from the websites of international health agencies, food marketing pledge databases, GINA, and NOURISHING policy databases. Statutory laws and self-regulations of high-income countries were compared with each other and with the WHO recommendations.ResultsRegulations differ regarding target audience, nutrient profiling, communication media, and marketing techniques. To date, no country has implemented comprehensive regulations restricting all forms of unhealthy food marketing. Statutory laws are more meticulous and rigorous than self-regulatory policies.ConclusionThe goal of reducing childhood obesity through restrictions on unhealthy food advertising has not been met. While not welcomed by all actors, mandatory regulations may be more effective than voluntary measures in reaching this goal. A system for monitoring adherence to regulations and providing both incentives and penalties for violations is warranted.

One of the significant changes within Bosnian society and educational reality after the last war is the teaching and learning of English as a dominant foreign language at each level of the educational system, but also through the various forms of non-formal and informal education. This fact has a profound impact on the everyday communication of children and youth and their growing up in the post-war and globalized world. In this regard, this study investigated the attitudes of newer generations of Bosnians, who have learned English since kindergarten age and are highly proficient, towards the use of English in advertisements. Different advertisements were presented to respondents, i.e. the students of the University of Tuzla, and then they were given a questionnaire consisting of statements that measured their attitudes toward English in advertisements. A questionnaire was given in the form of a Likert’s scale and the data received were analyzed using the SPSS software. As it was expected, respondents showed positive attitudes towards the use of English in Bosnian advertisements. They did not feel threatened and claimed that English did not jeopardize the position of their mother tongue. Additionally, they rated advertisements containing English elements with higher marks than advertisements containing Bosnian only. Finally, the respondents claimed that English enriched their culture in general.

Semiotics describes how advertising messages manipulate the connection between ‘meaning’ and ‘reality’ by investigating how already determined meanings are attributed to given products, thus establishing methods of decoding their true meaning. Therefore, the central theme of the semiotic approach to advertising is establishing a connection between meaning and reality. To that extent, semiotics as the science of signs is not an abstract study but rather reflects the essence of social life emphasizing the multi-layered and dynamic character of meaning creation. Advertising messages, therefore, have as much meaning as they have ‘readers’. This research aimed to establish a connection between gender stereotypes and advertising messages, i.e. to point out the main gender stereotypes shown in advertising messages, and to determine whether, in the new century, there have been changes in the way and contexts of the portrayal of women and men in advertisements compared to of the same in the past. A total of 31 advertising messages displayed in a women’s magazine were examined. A detailed analysis of the visual representation of female and male bodies, symbols, body positioning, and products was conducted. Messages are direct and open. Human bodies are glorified by emphasizing a healthy, well-shaped, well-groomed female and male body as a symbol of the extension of the species. It has also been noted that advertising messages reflect changes in society and social expectations among members of both sexes.

This study aims to investigate the verbal and pictorial metaphors as a kind of multimodal metaphors within the frame of cognitive linguistics (Forceville, 1996). For this purpose, a micro analysis of three advertisement posters of Turkish Airlines addressed to international passengers was carried out. The verbal and visual texts on the posters were examined within the multimodal metaphor analysis framework proposed by Forceville (1996, 2009) and developed by Pérez Sobrino (2017), and how the cognitive mechanisms in the posters reached the pragmatic effect was discussed. The findings of the study showed that the examined posters were designed in a way that emphasize the service quality of the company, highlight the concepts of modernization and globalization, and activate the senses of the passengers through several conceptual metaphors and metonymies.

Copyright of Herald of Journalism / Habaršy Žurnalistika Seriâsy is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fast technological evolution and intensity of competition oblige companies to constantly seek for new ways to differentiate and offer added value to their customers. With the increasing popularity of social media, companies have started to consider this means as a new way to communicate with their customers and increase their brand reputation. One of the most notable phenomena of new media is how it has increased and created new forms of social interaction. In Kenya, despite the critical role played by the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the country, research has shown that 90% business startups fail in their third year and especially those owned by the youths The general purpose of the study was to establish the influence of social media marketing on performance of small and medium businesses in Nairobi's industrial area. This study adopted a descriptive research design. Official records of AGPO as at December 2023 showed that there are 13,011 youth-owned businesses registered in the county of Nairobi with the Youth Access to Government Procurement Opportunities Program (YAGPO). The study used the 10-30% Mugenda Sampling principle to calculate the sample size of 130 SMEs. The first specific objective was to establish the extent Social Media Platforms Influence the Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises. A Pearson correlation analysis was done to establish the relationship between social media platform on performance of SMEs and the result established a significant positive relationship between social media platform used and the performance of SMEs (r=.811, p value =0.000). The second specific objective was to establish the extent bloggers influence the performance of Small and Medium Enterprises. A Pearson correlation analysis was done to establish the relationship between blogger influence on performance of SMEs and the result established a significant positive relationship between blogger influence and the performance of SMEs (r=.730, p value =0.000). The third objective was to establish the extent social media messaging factors influence the performance of Small and Medium Enterprises. A Pearson correlation analysis was done to establish the relationship between messaging factors on performance of SMEs and the result established a significant positive relationship between social media messaging factors used and the performance of SMEs (r=.359, p value =0.000). The study concluded that use of social media marketing has a positive influence on performance of SMEs and recommended that there is need for SMEs to embrace the use of social media to market their products and that the government should support SMEs by providing affordable internet services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selecting an appropriate quantitative research method for analyzing advertisements can be challenging. It would require carefully identifying the advertising metrics, categorizing variables, and, most importantly, selecting an appropriate statistical method. However, it is imperative because the study of advertisements often correlates with the study of consumers from different mediums, especially when measuring the variables and their relationship to audio-visual advertisements. Quantitative research for advertising can be bifurcated into sections and subsections of different kinds, depending on the nature of the study and type of data; for example, there can be two different types of metrics that are useful in the quantitative analysis of advertising; they are categorized into theoretical and applied metrics. Sometimes, it is enough to apply simple methods like mean, median, and mode to analyze and conclude the data; however, on some occasions, the nature of the study compelled the researcher to apply complex methodologies like mean deviation, standard deviation, correlation, regression, etc. The study provides guidelines for researchers dealing with qualitative data for analyzing advertisements, with examples that make the methods comprehensible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

European and national regulatory measures are aimed at phasing out cookies, which currently serve as the primary source of data on internet users. This creates pressure on operators of internet platforms to develop registration platforms that substitute this source. The main objective of the article is to compare the conversion performance of selected internet advertising formats and to propose an optimal composition of advertising communication for a gamified platform aimed at registering new users. Besides the final conversion, the research also focuses on analyzing accompanying performance indicators, which were defined as impressions, clicks, budget, click-through rate and cost per click. The research results reveal significant differences in the efficiency of selected advertising formats for various performance indicators and indicate the necessity of diversifying internet advertising formats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study observed three advertisements each from Nivea, Dove, and Golden Peacock from the angle of critical discourse analysis. The study is mainly focused on the language used in the advertisements of these brands and the marketing strategies they use to persuade the audience to buy their products. Discourse of these commercials is analyzed using Norman Fairclough is three-dimensional model of critical discourse analysis. It explores how the ideology of "fair skin as beautiful and desirable" is portrayed in the advertisements. All three advertisements were analyzed using qualitative research methodology. The results confirmed that marketers employed different attention grasping techniques and made consumers believe that whatever shown in the ads is the reality. The study also shows that stereotype like "Fair is beautiful" was depicted/displayed more evidently in the advertisements from pre social media era than in today's time. This tells us that the ideology of "Fair skin equals to beauty" is now not promoted in a way as it was being promoted in back days. Such example in this study is portrayed through Golden peacock newspaper advertisement which was from old day and two advertisements (Dove and Nivea) from this era of social media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study investigates the influence of diverse Instagram activities (entertainment, interaction, trendiness, advertisement and customization) on engagement levels and enrollment intention. Additionally, it aims to determine the impact of engagement on enrollment intention by exploring the mediating role of engagement in the relationship between social media activities and enrollment intention. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research involved 627 followers of the Antasari State Islamic University Banjarmasin Indonesia Instagram account. This study uses path analysis to better understand the impact of Instagram activities on enrollment intention and multiple linear regression to evaluate the influence of Instagram activities on enrollment intention with an emphasis on engagement as a mediating element in this relationship. Findings: The study found that Ig activity affects followers' engagement from all backgrounds. Entertainment and interaction elements have an impact on high school students' tendency to engage with followers. Furthermore, engagement affects enrollment intention. Advertisement affects enrollment intention with engagement as a mediator. Conclusion: This study validates previous research on Instagram (Ig) marketing's impact on engagement in education. It underscores the greater complexity of Ig marketing in education than in business where enrollment decisions involve intricate considerations resulting in a generally lower influence of social media marketing on enrollment outcomes. Research Limitations: This study only focused on the Ig account of one university and was limited to Islamic higher education. Practical Implications: Higher education marketing administrators recommended combining social media marketing variables with other factors influencing university choice. Contribution to the Literature: This study finding has a conceptual contribution to higher education especially in social media marketing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the fast development of growing technology, the discourse has evolved rapidly encompassing both the linguistic and non-linguistic modes of communication. Specially, business discourse in the 21st century competitive world has become multimodal offering itself to be analyzed from several aspects. Advertisements reflect multi-modality when make use of both linguistic and semiotic modes. The present study with a focus on one jubilee life insurance advertisement, explicates the relationship between linguistic and non-linguistic i.e., semiotic modes to show how such ads communicate the desired message to the target audience. For the purpose, the study utilizes Kress and Van Leeuwen’s (1996) theory of Visual Grammar. This study has found that the interrelation and interdependency of multiple modes in the advertisement contribute to meaning making. The findings of the study reveal that these relationships work at three levels: firstly, between the represented participants; secondly, between the represented participants and the viewers; and lastly, between the represented participants and the actual participants i.e. the ad makers and the viewers. The researcher maintains that the 21st century multimodal texts can be better analyzed when traditional literacy joins hands with an understanding and application of visual grammar theories like that of Kress and Van Leeuwen’s (1996) theory of Visual Grammar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses utopian facets of advertisements and popular cultural products by employing the Blochian formulation of utopia. Grounded in Marx's theory of alienation, the article asserts that the people encounter numerous socio-economic and emotional deprivations in the capitalist social order. By generating images of an alternative and better future where these deprivations are eliminated, advertisements and popular cultural products achieve a utopian function. Yet this utopian function remains an abstract utopia since it is not equipped with a concrete historical contextualization offered by Marxist dialectic. The discussion is backed by a succinct review of certain video advertisements and pop songs produced by Turkish cultural industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Erciyes Akademi is the property of Erciyes Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In today's educational situation, the role of the school principal goes far beyond simple administrative activities. He and his team are expected to be visionary leaders capable of creating a conducive environment for students, teachers and parents. This article explores the multifaceted field aimed at organizing and managing school events as an essential tool for promoting collaboration, creativity and community cohesion in educational institutions. The changing expectations of school principals in modern society are identified. Their task is not only to ensure academic excellence but also to help develop an environment that is inclusive, engaging and conducive for all. The article specifies factors affecting the organization of school events. Their social importance is emphasized, as well as their influence in the process of promoting students' communicative and creative skills. Based on an analysis of the pedagogical practice, logistical factors important for the success of the organized event are highlighted, such as careful choice of place, setting a balanced budget, advertising the upcoming event, taking safety measures, involving volunteers, etc. The importance of meticulous planning and coordination between the various participants in organising and implementing school events is emphasized. Of no less importance is the educational factor affecting school events, which is given a special place in the article. The need for their compliance with the goals of the curriculum, their importance for promoting interdisciplinary learning and creating a school culture, a sense of community, of belonging to the institution is emphasized. Based on the empirical research done, including both teachers and students, key findings are made regarding their preferences regarding the entities that should organize the school events, the way it is done and the expectations from their implementation. Students make several suggestions regarding their preferences for how events are organized, as well as their content and expected outcomes. While, teachers are advocating for streamlined event management, easing time constraints and finding a full-time slot for a teacher-organizer of school events. For their part, students emphasize the importance of events tailored to their interests and seamlessly integrated into the school calendar. Empirical research unequivocally emphasizes the importance of students' voice in planning and organizing events, as it enables them to participate in the decision-making process actively and increases their confidence in their abilities, their sense of significance and satisfaction. The article outlines future actions that principals must implement to improve the organization and conduct of school events. Emphasis is placed on the importance of understanding and incorporating diverse perspectives in planning and organizing events, as well as the use of information and communication technologies to improve communication and engagement. After all, the effective organization and management of school events is evidence of the commitment, and responsibility of the school to promote a vibrant and inclusive school community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the popularisation of intelligent personal assistants (IPAs) like Amazon's Alexa and the Google Assistant, natural language-based interaction with machines is increasingly becoming a part of everyday life. The conceptualisation of these tools as agentive assistants who help with a variety of tasks in both the household and at work is guided by their marketing: When Apple introduced the Siri-technology at their keynote event in 2011, the system responded to the question 'Siri, who are you?' with 'I am a humble personal assistant'. This claim to a speaking subject position while at the same time locating this subject firmly in a servile social role has become a defining feature of the social place of IPAs: Designed to postulate agency, they do so not in equality with humans but as their servants. This paper offers an interdisciplinary analysis of video advertisements for IPAs, combining sociological and linguistic approaches. We treat agency and actors not as something given but as something that becomes visible through communicative acts, suggesting an understanding of these advertisements as socio-technical visions in which the negotiation of agency in human–machine interaction serves two functions: Firstly, the asymmetrical relationship between the human and the machine promises a symmetrisation of human–human relationships. In an imagined diversified world of equal human rights and relationships, social inequality is reconfigured in the relationship between human and non-human entities. Secondly, the negotiation of agency between humans and machines deflects from questions regarding the increasing agency and power of the companies behind these IPAs and their growing access to and influence on people's private lives. Our paper will thus provide insights into how agency is ascribed in human–human and human–machine interaction considering social practices of symmetrisation and hierarchisation as well as a critical investigation into the triangular relationships between humans', machines', and companies' agency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Comunicação, Mídia e Consumo is the property of Escola Superior de Propaganda e Marketing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, we investigated the relationship between emotions and charitable behavior in the context of pet charities. In particular, we examined the role of pet characteristics such as age, health status, signs of homelessness, and the animal being in the presence of a human as factors in a potential benefactors' emotional state (valence and arousal) that are associated with the willingness to donate. We conducted an online experiment in which participants (N = 54) voluntarily donated in response to being presented with pictures of dogs in various conditions. Emotional state was measured as self‐reported valence and arousal. Our findings showed that willingness to donate was higher when participants experienced unpleasant emotions with a high arousal. In addition, we found that animals' apparent sickness and signs of homelessness provoked larger donations, while age (adult or puppy) and being in the presence of a human did not affect charitable behavior. Our study contributes to the research on the effectiveness of charity appeals in the context of pet charities and complements the literature on human prosocial behavior in support of other species. The results have practical implications for the development of advertising on behalf of pet charities as they explore the impact of dogs' characteristics on donors' emotions and willingness to donate under ecologically valid conditions, in contrast to previous laboratory studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mediterranean Journal of Gender & Women's Studies (KTC) / Akdeniz Kadın Çalışmaları ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet Dergisi is the property of Mediterranean Journal of Gender & Women's Studies (KTC) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Installation of advertisements and campaign props on trees in West Aceh Regency has begun because the 2024 election campaign. It is suspected to be done because the wider community can easily see them and not require expensive promotional costs. West Aceh Regency Qanun has regulated the provisions prohibiting the installation of symbols, flags, banners, and other attributes in certain places. This study aims to find out and explain the suitability of West Aceh Regency Qanun Number 3 of 2021 with the concept of environmental ethics, find out the basis for exceptions to the installation of advertisements and campaign props on trees can be done with the permission of the Regent and find out how law enforcement against violations of the use of trees as a place to install advertisements and campaign props in West Aceh Regency. This study is an empirical juridical study with a prescriptive method that uses library research as secondary data and field study conducted to obtain primary data through interviews and FGDs with informants. The results show that Article 15, paragraphs (1) and (2) of West Aceh Qanun Number 3 of 2021 still need to follow environmental ethics. Hence, it creates a biased interpretation of whether or not the installation of advertisements and campaign props on tree media certainly impacts the emergence of inconsistencies.

Ads often feature celebrities or others similar to the target viewer and thereby evoke envy. Envy occurs when people make an upward social comparison, and evoked envy can be either benign or malicious. The authors propose that people with different self-construals feel different degrees of benign and malicious envy depending on who is being envied: a celebrity or a similar other. Three studies were conducted comparing Americans to Koreans (Study 1), Americans to the Chinese (Study 2), and Koreans with different self-construals (Study 3). The results showed that people with high independence showed less benign envy toward the celebrity ad than toward the similar others ad, while people with low independence showed the opposite pattern. People with high interdependence showed less malicious envy toward the celebrity ad than toward the similar others ad, while people with low interdependence showed the opposite pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Interpersonal meaning is the interaction between the speaker and the listener and the writer and the reader. This study aims to determine the structure of mood and how the structure of mood is found. The purposes of this study are (1) to be more sensitive to the mood structure shown in Maybelline New York cosmetic advertisement. (2) to investigate the reason of why interrogative sentences are more difficult to find than declarative sentences. Through this research, we can see the types of mood structures, and how these mood structures are used. Methods The type of research approach used is descriptive qualitative. Research in this case describes systematically, factually and accurately facts and causal relationships of the phenomena studied. The sources of data in this study are eight cosmetic Maybelline New York products, namely the Maybelline gel pencil, L’oreal colour riche nail, Maybelline mascara and eyeliner, Maybelline creamy lipmatte and Maybelline eyeshadow, Maybelline eyeliner, Maybelline lipstick, and Maybelline clear smooth all in one. Results In analyzing the data, the researcher of the 2014 Halliday theory revised by Mathiesse found that there are three types of manifested mood, four types of realized speech function, and mood-based realization of speech function. The moods manifested were declarative (48.64%), interrogative (5.40%) and imperative (45.94%). Speech functions that are realized are statements (48.64%), questions (5.40%), offers (18.91%) and command (24.32%). Conclusions It can be concluded that declarative sentences are mostly found in Maybelline New York products. Researchers suggest that readers be more careful in using mood structures in cosmetic advertisements so that there are no misunderstandings.