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Rice is a highly political commodity as it is the main staple of the country. It has always been at the forefront of agricultural policies in government. Most of the strategies focus on fostering food self-sufficiency, providing rice farmers with high incomes, and making prices affordable to consumers (Tobias, Molina, Valera, Mottaleb, and Mohanty, 2012). On February 14, 2019, President Rodrigo R. Duterte signed the Rice Tariffication Law (RTL) titled "An Act liberalizing the importation, exportation, and trading of rice, lifting for the purpose the quantitative import restriction on rice, and for other purposes". This is also known as the Rice Liberalization Act or Republic Act No. 11203, which amends the Agricultural Tariffication Act of 1996 that imposed tariffs on agricultural imports except for rice (Dansal, 2019). In order to ensure that our local farmers are able to cope with the competition among the commercial imported rice as stipulated in the liberalization act on rice as a primary commodity, NFA was given the function to ensure that farmers' produce is still well accommodated as buffer stocks during emergencies and disasters. The main challenge that this capstone project would like to address is the difficulties confronted by NFA as it struggles to find enough storage logistics in the areas during the procurement period season. Quigley & Robertson (2015) underscored that the storage capacity is one of the most important logistics required for palay procurement operation. Establishing a collaborative program between the NFA and the community stakeholders ensures that there will be enough rice for the people, and that supply should always be maintained at its optimal level of buffer stock. This collaboration shall lead to an innovative measure to strengthen the community's awareness of the problem regarding insufficient warehouse logistics, thereby would lead to innovative efforts such as, but not limited to, active community participation and empowerment. This study concludes that a proactive approach of orientation coupled with a positive advocacy drive can achieve collaborative governance and synergies among the stakeholders to face the challenges in the public sector. It is very important to recognize and include the different values and perspectives of the multistakeholders to be able for them to appreciate the significance of the project and policy guidelines being implemented. Collaboration in this project has been touted as a valuable tool of innovation. Community partnering can develop and establish development opportunities. The government as a backbone of the society could not do it alone, the participation of the community is very critical to materialize an impact project. However, embracing collaborative governance acknowledges that it is no easy. There are always impediments to fulfilling it, hence, it is a challenge to build a more compassionate atmosphere. Being more persistent in advocating this mechanism is the central factor to attain a collaborative environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Societal Impact Statement: Multiple cropping, the cultivation of several crops on the same land in a year, occupied an important part of Taiwan's agricultural research from 1950 to 1970. This research originated in the context of Taiwan's land reform and diversification programs and their connections to the government's political ambition to maximize food production. The study of how multiple cropping was politicized and depoliticized by different actors helps to expand the narratives of the Green Revolution in Asia, analyze their legacies, and highlight Taiwan's role in the international exchange of visions of agricultural development during the Cold War. Summary: Scholars have recently expanded the history of the Green Revolution to move beyond the narrative of North–South technological diffusion. This article enriches the scholarship with the case of multiple cropping in Taiwan and its connection to Cold War geopolitics.Rice productivity in postwar Taiwan was boosted through a land reform launched by the Sino‐American Joint Commission on Rural Reconstruction (JCRR) in the 1950s. Backed by American aid and staffed by scientists from the Republic of China (ROC) government, the JCRR envisioned to turn tenant farmers into landowners so as to encourage labor input and adoption of seeds and fertilizers.By 1960, the JCRR presented its reform as a "bloodless social revolution" and extended its focus to multiple cropping through a diversification program. The JCRR further created the Asian Vegetable Research and Development Center (AVRDC) in 1971 to spread Taiwan's breeding and cropping techniques. The ROC's diplomatic isolation in the 1970s, however, prompted the center to reinterpret Taiwan's success in multiple cropping from a political achievement to a technological triumph, thus reinforcing the technology‐driven narrative used by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI).Through Taiwan's influences on IRRI's rice breeding and multiple cropping research, this paper illustrates that the history of the Green Revolution requires more complex narratives. In addition, with Taiwan's political and economic transition since the 1980s, farmers began to reclaim their voice and influence agricultural policies. The case thus highlights the need of democratic participation in agricultural research, a concern that remains relevant today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marketing orders are government-supported cartels designed to help farmers by allowing them to set production quotas and quality standards. Given that, it is surprising that a growing number have been voluntarily terminated in recent decades by their constituent farmers. To better understand why, we construct a novel data set on the timing of initiation and termination of marketing orders active between 1974 and 2019 and estimate duration models to examine the impact of specific factors on marketing orders' probability of survival. We find that the most significant factor affecting marketing order persistence is whether the order had a corresponding marketing agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transgenic, dicamba‐resistant soybean and cotton were developed to enable farmers to combat weeds that had evolved resistance to the herbicide glyphosate. The dramatic increases in dicamba use these crops facilitated have led to serious problems, including the evolution of dicamba‐resistant weeds and widespread damage to susceptible crops and farming communities. Disturbingly, this pattern of dicamba use has unfolded while the total herbicide applied to soybean has nearly doubled since 2006. Without substantive changes to agricultural policy and decision making, the next 'silver‐bullet' agrotechnology will likely be no more than another step on the transgene‐facilitated herbicide treadmill. © 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) projections of USDA's mandatory farm and nutrition program outlays are important in shaping US agricultural policy. Using CBO projections and observed outcomes from 1985 through 2020, we examine the degree to which projections of farm, supplemental nutrition assistance program (SNAP), and child nutrition program outlays are unbiased, efficient, and informative. We find that projections for farm and child nutrition program outlays are unbiased, SNAP outlays are unbiased at short‐term but are downward biased beyond a 3‐year horizon. All three series of projections are inefficient. SNAP and child nutrition program outlay projections are informative up to a 5‐year horizon, but the farm program outlay projections are informative for only a 1‐year horizon. Disaggregated farm program data since 2008 suggests that the uninformativeness principally stems from conservation and commodity program projections. The findings may be valuable to CBO, as they continue to improve projections, and to projection users, in adjusting their expectations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reducing agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is key to achieve overall climate policy goals. Effective and efficient policy instruments are needed to incentivize farmers' adoption of on‐farm climate change mitigation practices. We compare action‐ and results‐based policy designs for GHG reduction in agriculture and account for farmers' heterogeneous behavioral characteristics such as individual farming preferences, reluctance to change and social interactions. An agent‐based bio‐economic modeling approach is used to simulate total GHG reduction, overall governmental spending and farm‐level marginal abatement cost of Swiss dairy and beef cattle farms under both action‐ and results‐based policy designs. We find that total governmental spending associated with the compared policy designs depends on the cost and benefits of the considered measures as well as behavioral characteristics of farmers. More precisely, if farmers are reluctant to change, additional incentives are needed to increase adoption of a win‐win measure. In such a case, targeting the payment on the cost of that particular measure (action‐based design) instead of paying a uniform amount for abated emissions (results‐based design) can lower governmental spending for agricultural climate change mitigation. Farm‐level marginal cost of reducing GHG emissions are lower with results‐based payments independent of the cost of measures. Moreover, we find that farmers' individual preferences and reluctance to change substantially lower the adoption of mitigation measures and hence overall GHG reduction potential of farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the same agricultural system, there is substantial heterogeneity in farms’ performance depending on farms’ structural features and farmers’ decision-making. This paper proposes a policy-oriented farm typology-building approach that groups farms in the same agricultural system into categories based on their economic and environmental performance. For this purpose, latent profile analysis (LPA) is used, since it enables both the assessment of profile-specific synergies/trade-offs among performance indicators and the implementation of a three-step procedure to account for the covariates that characterize the resulting farm profiles. As an illustrative case study, this methodological proposal is applied to categorize Spanish farms included in the rain-fed field crops agricultural system. The results show that the proposed typology-building approach is useful for agricultural policy-making, as it allows for a better evaluation of how farms contribute to the achievement of policy objectives and the design of differentiated policy instruments accounting for the performance synergies/trade-offs across farm profiles (i.e. policy tailoring and targeting). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the institutional reforms in agricultural commodity markets in India and examines their implications for spatial efficiency in supply chains of the markets. In order to remove inefficiencies in the traditional supply chain, the Agricultural Produce Marketing Committee (APMC) Act was revised, and a Model APMC Act 2003 was introduced with the provisions for establishing private markets/yards, direct purchase centres, farmers markets for direct sale, contract farming and promotion of public–private partnership in the management and development of agricultural markets. Initiative has been taken to set up a National Agricultural Market as an all-India electronic trading portal to develop a 'common national market' for agricultural commodities. The institutional reforms in agricultural marketing system since the early 1990s appear to have contributed towards improving the spatial efficiency in rice and wheat markets. The finding of an increase in the extent of spatial integration of markets after the reforms and the tendency of the prices to move towards a common stochastic trend lend support to the idea of setting up a 'common national market' for agricultural commodities. Further reforms in the marketing system with better infrastructure facilities would strengthen market integration and improve efficiency in the supply chains. JEL classification: O13, Q13, Q18. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture plays a crucial role in the economy of Burkina Faso and other sub-Saharan African countries. It provides food for the population and is the primary source of employment in rural areas. The government of Burkina Faso has implemented a 2018–2027 Agro-Sylvo-Pastoral production sector policy to improve agricultural productivity and reduce poverty. This study uses a dynamic computable general equilibrium model linked to a microsimulation model, which evaluates the impact of subsidizing investment in agricultural capital on production, income, and poverty under three different fiscal financing scenarios. The results indicate that the agricultural mechanization subsidy program effectively reduces poverty, but the extent of the reduction varies depending on the financing method used. Financing the subsidy by reducing nonproductive public expenditure further reduces poverty, especially in rural areas. However, it is essential to supplement the subsidy policy with an agricultural extension service program for the program to have long-lasting effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Consumption of unpasteurized milk can result in severe illness or death. In the United States, the number of people who regularly consume unpasteurized milk is relatively low, but outbreaks resulting from unpasteurized milk outnumber outbreaks linked to pasteurized milk. The sale of unpasteurized milk for human consumption through interstate commerce is prohibited at the federal level, but laws among states vary considerably with respect to the sale of unpasteurized milk. Each state has a different perspective on responding to and preventing outbreaks of illness linked to consuming unpasteurized milk. Methods and Results: We conducted a needs assessment of state health and agriculture departments to gather information on state‐level strategies to prevent illnesses linked to consuming unpasteurized milk, characterize challenges states face, and identify areas where partners can support state efforts to prevent illnesses. We deployed a survey from 6 January 2021 to 1 March 2021, using a snowball sampling strategy and had 158 respondents. Of 115 respondents, 46 (40%) believed that state laws were ineffective in preventing illnesses, and 92 (80%) agreed that consumers continue to find ways to get unpasteurized milk despite laws restricting sale. Respondents from 19 states were aware of future legislative or regulatory efforts surrounding unpasteurized milk in their state, with 14 (74%) indicating these efforts would expand consumer access. The most common outbreak prevention strategies respondents mentioned included sharing knowledge and experiences with other public health and agriculture officials, providing information to inform legislative efforts, and communicating to the public about outbreaks. Most respondents (41/50, 91%) were interested in pursuing further efforts to prevent unpasteurized milk‐associated illnesses in their state. Conclusions: The results from this needs assessment can be used to inform future strategies for preventing illness outbreaks associated with unpasteurized milk consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the intersection of the "digitalization" and the "climatization" of the agricultural sector grows a promise of the "decarbonization" of agriculture by "start-ups." Based on a qualitative study (40 interviews, 9 days of observation, documentary analysis), this article is a contribution to the political sociology of this promise of ecologization by reconstructing its meaning (what does it signify?) and its implementation (what practices is it referring to?). The study analyzes the bases of a narrative allying the political agendas of agricultural leadership and the executive branch of the French state. The focus on soil CO2 sequestration and the politicization of innovative "start-ups" converge on the promotion of economic solutions to global warming. The authors found the "start-ups" working on this "decarbonization" were quite diverse, but could be sorted into three types: innovative businesses seeking rapid growth, consultancy firms offering expertise without aims of growth, and administrative intermediaries. The latter, the most numerous and the least innovative, are invested in voluntary carbon markets, most commonly the "low-carbon label," a public framework overseen by the Ministry of Ecological Transition. The promise of the decarbonization of agriculture through start-ups thus falls short, as the study documents an optional and partial greening of agriculture that is overseen by the state, implemented by private administrative service providers, and funded by businesses wishing to improve their carbon footprint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia Agraria is the property of Historia Agraria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research delt with the effect of labour out-migration on output per hectare and efficiency of wheat and teff producers in Kembata-Tembaro and Hadiya zones of Ethiopia based on primary data gathered from 415 random sample of rural households. The multinomial endogenous switching model was used as an analytical model. According to the stochastic frontier model, the mean efficiency of wheat and teff are 82.98 and 66.43 per cent, respectively. According to the econometric results, rural–urban and international migration reduces wheat productivity by 110.94 and 179.11 kg, respectively. The average treatment effect on treated (ATT) also revealed that participation in international migration reduces Teff producers' technical efficiency by 5.51 per cent. However, teff productivity is reduced by 382.94 and 747.49 kg due to rural urban and international migration, respectively. The lost labour channel of the modern theory of migration is maintained by the result of the study. So as to minimise the negative impact of out-migration in the study area, policymakers must focus more on promoting access to credit, irrigation, land, off-farm employment and public services for rural households. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Professional Business Review (JPBReview) is the property of AOS: ESTRATEGIA & INOVACAO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the EU, policies towards territorial development and the sustainability of agrofood systems are exemplified above all in Pillar II of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). However, policies for the promotion of sustainable food systems and networks are mainly driven by municipalities and large cities. In order to understand multi-level configurations of policies to promote Sustainable Food Systems (SFS), this paper strives to identify the challenges that municipal policymakers face in implementing sustainable agro-food policies, from a multilevel governance perspective. To this end, and through in-depth interviews and secondary documentation analysis, the policies implemented in 10 different municipalities of the Madrid Region (Spain) are studied and the challenges these municipalities are facing are analysed from a multi-scale and territorialised perspective. The following research objectives are addressed: (1) description of the type of policies implemented for the promotion of SFS and the narrative frameworks in which they are shaped; (2) identification of challenges of local policies to support SFS especially governance challenges; and (3) proposals for the promotion of sustainable food systems through a multi-level, territorialised governance perspective. The paper identifies three main axes of tension and discoordination--municipal Vs regional powers; agricultural vs. food policies; and rural vs. urban territories--that constrains the sustainability potential of multi-level agro food policies. Finally, we provide a comprehensive, sustainable scheme to assess local agro-food governance throughout a multi-level and multi-actor approach, setting interrelations between the different levels, actors and agencies involved to overcome the lock-ins identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pollarding in agroforestry systems was traditionally an important practice for fodder acquisition in Western Norway, as well as in many other parts of the world. The practice has long been in decline, but to maintain cultural landscapes and biodiversity enhancement from pollarding, farmers now receive a public grant for each tree they pollard. In this interdisciplinary study we investigate which ecosystem services modern pollarding practices provide, under the influence of the current pollarding policy. We have performed both in-depth interviews and a quantitative survey targeting all pollarding farmers in the county of Vestland in Western Norway. We find that bioresources obtained from the branches from pollarding are to some extent still taken into use, mainly in the form of tree fodder for farm animals and firewood, but a lot of the branches remain unused. Biodiversity benefits are obtained from preserving old trees that often are located on agricultural land as solitary trees, as these trees provide important habitats, particularly for species growing on the bark, such as lichens and mosses, or within the decaying wood, such as, for example, fungi and insects. The modern practice of letting branches rot in the field provide habitats for insects and hence additional benefits to biodiversity. For the farmers, the main motivations to pollard are the cultural, aesthetic and historical values of pollarded trees. They see few disadvantages with pollarding, and most of them plan to continue in the future. The grant provides an incentive for pollarding, but our results indicate that the practice would continue without it, although less than now, especially with the establishment of new pollards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pressing issue of the impact of changing agricultural policies on the water, food, and energy nexus is of utmost importance in today's world. This issue is particularly critical in countries currently grappling with a severe water crisis. This work develops a national-level water, food, and energy (WFE) nexus model using a combination of system dynamics modeling (SDM) and agent-based modeling (ABM). The WFE model focuses on water resources, with agriculture being the primary user. A model agent was designed for agriculture which includes a variety of agricultural products with varying yields, blue water and greywater consumption, energy consumption, and land area under cultivation for each crop. This paper's systems dynamics model is intended for application to meet the nutritional needs of a country's population by balancing water and energy resources and consumption while maintaining food security. The model's application covers two scenarios in Iran, a country under severe water stress. The first scenario involves nutrient supply based on the current diet, while the second scenario suggests a lacto-ovo diet. The outcomes of this study reveal that both scenarios can would lead to water and energy savings. For example, the implementation of Scenario 1 and 2 can reduce the groundwater storage deficit that occurred during the five-year study period by approximately 65% and 85%, respectively. Furthermore, based on the high volume of water saved in both scenarios, the increase in the volume of greywater is deemed neither significant nor hazardous. Considering new policies of agricultural production can lead to a new balanced diet in terms of nutrients and energy, which can impact the achievement of sustainable WFE resources. The findings of this research could prove beneficial for national policymakers who seek to promote sustainable WFE resource management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much of the developed world has adopted substantial, complex agricultural subsidy schemes in an attempt to produce desired rural livelihood and environmental outcomes. Understanding how farmers adjust their production activity in response to farm subsidies is crucial for setting optimal agricultural policy. Whereas standard economic theory suggests that farmers largely adjust production levels in response to prices and marginal subsidy rates, recent work in consumer behavior suggests that average (dis‐)incentives may play a relevant role. We use a unique panel covering all farms applying for subsidies in Norway and a flexible deep‐learning method to exploit kinks in the subsidy scheme to answer whether farmers respond more to average or marginal subsidies. In contrast to the standard economic theory of production, we find suggestive empirical evidence that farmers respond more to changes in average payments than to changes in marginal payments. We anticipate that our findings on the relevance of average payment levels for farmers' decision making may inspire further theoretical and empirical inquiries into agricultural policy effects. The study also highlights how novel deep‐learning tools can be applied for detailed policy analysis and what advantages and challenges come with it. We believe that this approach has substantial potential for analysts and policymakers to evaluate and predict the impacts of policy options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Farming is a stressful occupation with many farmers facing daily uncertainty and high mental health risks. In addition to unpredictable occupations, rapidly changing European and Irish agricultural policies may put farmers in a liminal state. We aimed to identify sources of occupational stress or well‐being for Irish farmers, particularly regarding change in their lives and communities. We collected data online through semistructured interviews with 17 farmers and 1 interview and 3 focus groups with 11 farming stakeholders. We identified four central narratives (N1‐4) through narrative analysis. In N1, participants described how rapid changes could create stress by exacerbating uncertainty and threatening farmers' financial security. Participants described how these changes to standards for “good farming” (N2) and rural culture (N3) result in lost income, identity, and well‐being. In N4, participants identified ways in which work of farming can be therapeutic. Our findings add to literature on the impacts of uncertainty and liminality on farmers by identifying how deeply changes in agricultural models can impact farmers' identities and well‐being as they grapple with new and old occupational pressures. We suggest that economic policy and agricultural governance prioritize farmers' financial security and mental health through policy change and acknowledge their valuable contributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study employs the stochastic frontier model (SFM) to analyze trade potential and efficiency in wheat and maize among Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) countries from 2002 to 2021, encompassing 45 countries for wheat trade and 55 for maize trade. The empirical findings reveal that economic development level, population growth, government efficiency, political stability, and regulatory quality are critical determinants of trade efficiency. Notably, World Trade Organization (WTO) membership exhibits a negative correlation with trade efficiency, potentially reflecting challenges in rule implementation and opportunity utilization among member states. In the context of maize trade, increased arable land area is inversely associated with efficiency, suggesting potential issues in managing large-scale agricultural regions or optimizing land use. The BRI's impact on trade efficiency varies across countries, with Turkey and Hungary showing improved wheat trade efficiency, while Ethiopia and Georgia experienced declines. During the COVID-19 pandemic, effective disease management strategies and diversified trade mechanisms significantly influenced trade efficiency. Furthermore, the study reveals that larger economies do not necessarily outperform small and medium-sized economies in terms of trade potential. These findings contribute significantly to the literature on agricultural trade and offer valuable insights for policymakers, emphasizing the importance of enhancing government efficiency, political stability, and regulatory quality in the context of regional economic development initiatives such as the BRI. This research underscores the need for tailored approaches to trade policy and agricultural management, considering the unique characteristics and challenges faced by different economies along BRI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study employs the stochastic frontier gravity model (SFGM) to objectively assess the determinants of India’s rice exports from 2001 to 2019 across 22 major export destinations, highlighting untapped export potential and providing actionable policy recommendations for enhancing competitiveness in global rice markets. Results show that India's economic growth (GDP) and the GDP of importing nations positively impact rice exports. Conversely, geographical distances (representing transportation costs) and higher import tariffs act as deterrents. The devaluation of the Indian rupee positively influences export revenues. Common language benefits exports, while regional trade agreements show minimal impact. The study estimates significant untapped export potential between India and its partners, emphasizing the need for improved trade facilitation, logistics, and agreements.To maximize India's rice export potential, policymakers should prioritize quality compliance, streamline regulations, and invest in infrastructure and R&D for rice cultivars. Negotiating favorable trade agreements and implementing existing export policies like the New Agricultural Export Policy will aid market access and competitiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper assesses the environmental ambition of 2023-2027 Common Agricultural Policy in France. Since conditionality and agri-environment-climate measures are only marginally improved relative to the previous period, attention is focused on the new environmental instrument of the eco-scheme that in France targets the whole farm. Results suggest low environmental progress since almost all French farms would reach the standard level of the eco-scheme by one of the three access paths with unchanged farming practices, and 85% of them would reach the superior level. The percentage of farms at the superior level would be lower for farms specialized in annual crops than for cattle farms. We then show that the payment difference of €20 per hectare between the standard and superior level is probably insufficient for farms specialized in cereals, oilseeds and protein crops to offset the additional cost of the change in farm practices required to move from the standard to the superior level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In cash crop producing countries, policy changes towards organic agriculture are critical for sustainable agriculture. This study explores the perceptions and reasons behind the lack of deliberate policies promoting organic cocoa production in Ghana and Ivory Coast, despite its potential benefits. In this qualitative study, 16 policymakers and experts were interviewed, and these data were thematically analysed using planned behaviour theory as the theoretical framework. The study reveals that policymakers perceive organic cocoa production favourably. The slow pace of research, innovation and development (RDI) remains one major barrier to the adoption of organic cocoa policy in Ghana and Ivory Coast. This implicitly leads to organic cocoa production being perceived and promoted as a ‘niche’. The study findings indicate that in emerging economies that solely depend on raw material production output to generate revenue for development, governments may not push through policies that encourage cocoa farmers to convert from conventional to organic cocoa production due to economic considerations. This study recommends the abandonment of the notion of organic cocoa production as a niche to enable Ghana and Ivory Coast to adopt organic cocoa policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over several decades, agricultural policies have undergone changes considering societal dynamics. The development of land policy changes is divided into three periods: Landreform (1963-1965), National Agrarian Reform Program (PPAN) (2007-2014), and Agrarian Reform (2017-2019). The dynamics of land policies are fundamental for shaping more inclusive and comprehensive policies in the future, as land policies encompass many aspects of social and economic life. The purpose of this research is to describe the development of land policies in Indonesia from 1945 to 2022. The research method used is qualitative with a normative legal approach, exploring principles or standards of positive law. The research findings highlight the agricultural dynamics from the period of President Sukarno to Joko Widodo, focusing significantly on Agrarian Reform, which heavily influences every natural resource. During Sukarno's period, initial national agrarian arrangements were made. Since Soeharto took office, the issue of Agrarian Reform nearly disappeared and was not implemented. President Habibie revived Agrarian Reform. During the leadership of Gus Dur, Megawati, and SBY, they were pioneers of reform after Habibie. During their governance, the issue of Agrarian Reform continued to strengthen, alongside the growth of food resources and attention to imported food products and farmers. During President Jokowi's tenure, the concept of Agrarian Reform strengthened further and was demonstrated to the public, successfully enacting implementation regulations. Political considerations related to agrarian issues should at least result in legal order and harmonization of different legal systems. The political connection with national agricultural laws should ideally have beneficial effects in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Maize is an important cereal crop in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Plant-parasitic nematodes significantly impact maize production. However, research on maize nematodes in SSA is limited. The current study aimed to assess the occurrences and densities of nematodes associated with maize and to assess the correlation of some soil physicochemical properties with nematodes in southern and southwestern Ethiopia. One hundred and eighty-six soil and root samples were collected from 62 maize fields (31 from Hawassa Zuria and 31 from Mana districts). Eleven plant-parasitic nematode genera were identified. The most important genera of plant-parasitic nematodes identified were Meloidogyne and Pratylenchus , followed by Helicotylenchus and Tylenchorhynchus. The nematodes Pratylenchus and Criconemoides were significantly and positively associated with pH, soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil organic matter (SOM). Additionally, Tylenchorhynchus , Pratylenchus and Rotylenchulus were significantly positively correlated with soil available phosphorus (SAP). However, Criconemoides and Meloidogyne had a strong negative correlation with soil bulk density (SBD). This study provides useful baseline information on maize-associated nematodes, and will be useful for agricultural policy makers, private farmers, non-governmental organisations and agricultural extension workers enabling them to establish sustainable maize nematode management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agriculture of the Republic of Kazakhstan has great potential, still, it is characterized by several problems. The aspects of normative-legal regulation of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan concerning financial relations in the sphere were summarized. The main statistical indicators of the agriculture, forestry, and fisheries sectors of the state were analyzed. The analysis of the structure of investments in the enterprises of agriculture, forestry, and fisheries of the Republic of Kazakhstan was carried out. The main issues concerning the financing of agriculture of the state are defined and the directions of their solution are offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indonesian governments developed the Upsus Pajale policy to achieve a goal and solve the problem of food self‐sufficiency. Rice, corn, and soybean were the main commodities in the plan of Upsus Pajale Policy implementation. UPSUS Pajale improve rice, corn, and soybean production for food self‐sufficiency. This study examined UPSUS Pajale policy implementation at the province, district, subdistrict, and farmer levels. This study examined rice growing in Banyuasin's tidal lowlands, Ogan Komering Ilir's swamplands, and East Ogan Komering Ulu's irrigated rice fields. The research method used a combination model of quantitative and qualitative (mixed method). Sampling data used purposive sampling. NVivo 12 software examined provincial, district, subdistrict, farmer interviews, and group discussions. Results affected typology management constraints differently. Production input costs were the most common issue. This study found that policy was differently implemented at various levels. It would be impacted to the success of the policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Accurate and detailed spatial information on rice cultivation is essential to developing agricultural policy and reducing the negative impacts of agriculture. However, the dependence of most traditional methods on samples severely limits the feasibility of large-scale rice cultivation mapping. This study proposes a robust large-scale sample-free monitoring method for single-season rice in northern China. A new rice phenology index, quantifying dynamic phenological features of rice (i.e., the occurrence of flooding during transplanting and the growth of rice after transplanting), was generated to highlight rice. Subsequently, a constrained cyclic threshold classification strategy was designed to obtain plausible rice maps using statistical data. Innovatively combining rice mapping with statistical data, the most detailed (10 m) single-season rice map in northern China to date was created. Compared with three other high-precision rice map products, the resulting rice map has high accuracy and good local details. The results indicate that the rice phenology index has excellent and robust performance in identifying rice cultivation locations in northern China. Moreover, the proposed mapping method exhibits clear advantages in the tracking of large-scale and historical rice cultivation. As a whole, this study provides a paradigm of using statistical data instead of samples for crop mapping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shortening food supply chains attracts increasing support from policymakers, to improve returns to farmers and stimulate rural development. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence regarding the impacts of short food supply chains on local economies. To address this, the article quantifies the impacts of short food supply chains on local economies, using the Keynesian-based Local Multiplier 3 method (LM3), applied to a unique dataset of 122 farm businesses from five European Union countries (France, Hungary, Italy, Poland and the United Kingdom). Estimations cover 305 market chains, comprising both short and long food supply chains, in which sampled farmers participate. The results indicate that the revenues from farm production remain largely within local economies, generating a substantial multiplier effect (LM3 > 2). This effect stems from purchases of farm inputs locally including, in the first instance, hiring local labour, as well as the expenditures of local suppliers that re-spend part of their revenues within the local area. The multiplier effects of short food supply chains are similar to long food supply chain equivalents as both use largely local labour and source tradable inputs locally. In shaping food chain policy a broader set of socioeconomic benefits to local development from selling through short food supply chains should be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the food security movement using a qualitative descriptive research method assisted by NVivo 12 Plus software from the Twitter account data source of the Ministry of Agriculture Republic of Indonesia, supported by previous research. Data coding was obtained from Twitter, social media, and news data, which supported the findings using a crosstab query feature. The analysis found that the government's strategy for maintaining food security was to increase production capacity, diversify local food, strengthen food reserves and logistics systems, and develop modern agriculture. They increased food production by intensifying 85,456 hectares of swamp land and maximizing 85,456 hectares of land. Diversifying local food by massively utilizing local food as an alternative food supply and strengthening food reserves and logistics systems by supporting food reserves that can be used to help other areas affected by disasters as a form of social care, and developing modern agriculture with Smart Farming Developing technology-based clever farming methods, including Agri Drone Sprayer liquid, Surveillance Drones (drones for land mapping), Soil and Weather Sensors, as well as the development of food safety applied to households. Scale with vertical hydroponic growing system training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growing consumer interest in caring for the environment has motivated the development of multiple studies focused on discovering this variable's impact on purchasing behaviour. However, a major gap still exists between attitude and pro-environmental behaviour caused by the need for greater environmental awareness, among other things. Therefore, knowing the environmental issues that worry consumers of agrifood products is important. This work digs deeper into this issue by analysing these environmental concerns and examining differences between countries with different levels of environmental sensitivity. CAWI methodology has been used to conduct an online survey in four countries (Spain, Germany, the United Kingdom, and Denmark), with 3200 valid responses analysed using qualitative and quantitative techniques. The obtained results highlight the existence of 11 major environmental dimensions or issues for consumers of agri-food products. In addition, a correspondence analysis identifies two key factors, the first focused on a range of environmental problems of a more general nature and the second with greater interest focused on concern for biodiversity conservation. This study has implications for both the agri-food sector and European agricultural policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Short-term estimates are not suitable for monitoring and comparing fluctuating pesticide use in EU agricultural land. A discriminative and comparable (HI) herbicide index was evaluated to elucidate herbicide use in the 21st century. The HI was 0.66 kg of active substances per hectare of conventional agricultural land across the EU. However, the HI varied between the 27 EU Member States. The highest mean values of HI were observed in Belgium, the Netherlands, Cyprus, Germany, France, and Denmark, with the lowest in Romania, Greece, Bulgaria, and Latvia. The results showed that the distribution of the HI variable was independent of the geographical location of each country, such as from North to South or from West to East in the EU. It seems that country-level agri-environmental parameters ultimately influenced the herbicide use. To assess the causes of this variability, 31 agri-environmental parameters (formatted into indices to be comparable) were investigated, emphasizing the structural characteristics of the agricultural sector in each EU Member State. Using only the significant independent variables (13 out of 31), linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was applied to explore the differentiation potential of EU27 by creating a discrimination model. The assessment of each one variable in the HI could contribute to the reduction in environmental impacts and the faultless implementation of the European agricultural policy in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change, changes in the natural environment, changing markets, price volatility, etc. pose tension and threats to the future of European Union farms. The uncertain future of family farms requires farm resilience—the ability to survive, adapt, and grow in the face of turbulent change. The limited resilience of family farms has become an important concern for rural and agricultural policy. The main goal of this work is to identify disturbances affecting Lithuanian family farms, assess their influence, investigate the general resilience of Lithuanian family farms, propose measures to reduce the vulnerability of farms, and increase the general resilience and sustainability. We used a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods to conduct the research. Survey research was conducted using a semi-structured expert interview in which various types of variables were collected. The survey questionnaire, consisting of 38 groups of questions, was sent by email to 500 randomly selected family farmers in January 2024 and collected in the same month. The statistical analysis of the data from the 205 duly filled-out questionnaires was carried out using correlation analysis. In this article, we apply the concept of general resilience of the family farm in the direction of robustness, adaptability, and transformability. We identify the main factors influencing the general resilience of the family farm and study the main attributes of the resilience of family farms. We find some links between family farm characteristics, vulnerability factors, and general resilience capabilities, and we make several proposals to increase family farms' resilience. The obtained results prove that higher education, larger farm sizes, higher agricultural sales, and employment of permanent workers are associated with better resilience. Furthermore, increasing environmentally friendly practices positively impacts resilience. Older farms and farmers, longer durations of farming activity, and risk-averse behaviors tend to decrease resilience. Due to local and global circumstances, economic and social changes have occurred very quickly in recent years, so the results obtained in the study may not be valid in the long term. Similar surveys after several years will be necessary to study the resilience of Lithuanian farms, including deeper economic analyses that evaluate factors such as price sensitivity, the level of farm debt, and market access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Promoting green and sustainable agriculture is of great significance for ensuring food security and addressing global challenges. Meanwhile, health has increasingly become a global concern. Nutrition and health are the purpose of agricultural production. As two major global issues, how agriculture empowers human health has long been discussed. Based on the provincial panel data of China from 2003 to 2021, this paper studies the impact of agricultural green transformation (AGT) on residents' health and explores its impact mechanism. The empirical results show that: (1) AGT in China has significantly reduced the average mortality rate and maternal mortality rate and significantly increased the average life expectancy, indicating that AGT in China has significantly improved the health level. The conclusions of robustness testing methods such as replacing AGT indicators and controlling endogeneity are still valid; and (2) The impact of AGT on residents' health depends on the regional economic level, and there is a threshold effect. Compared with low-income areas, the positive effects of AGT in high-income areas on residents' health are more pronounced; and (3) Agricultural carbon emissions play an intermediary effect between AGT and residents' health, and AGT can improve residents' health by reducing carbon emissions. The level of local education development plays a moderating role in the relationship between AGT and residents' health. Agricultural policy implications include enhancing the ability to protect and utilize agricultural resources, promoting the green and low-carbon transformation of agriculture, and taking a more scientific and systematic approach towards the complex diversity of health risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovative urban farming is crucial for enhancing food security, nutrition, livelihood resilience, and environmental sustainability in Sub-Saharan African cities. However, agricultural policies and extension services often overlook urban contexts, presumably due to resource constraints. Yet, to improve productivity, understanding the challenges and opportunities of innovative urban farming is essential. Exploratory qualitative research, including focus group discussions, was conducted in, Lagos, Nigeria, to gather insights from stakeholders. The analysis, using mind maps and a consensus index, compared the perspectives of private urban farmers and public sector representatives. The urban farmers recognize the potential of circular agri-food technologies, like hydroponics, aquaponics, recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), drip irrigation, sack farming, and waste upcycling, to boost productivity. However, the urban farmers perceive a lack of public sector support for these innovations. The public sector representatives see the problem as urban farmers' behavioral and educational shortcomings, particularly their lack of coordination and commitment to adopting innovations. These differing views highlight the complex dynamics between urban farmers and local agricultural policymakers. This study emphasizes the need for structural changes and local-level stakeholder dialogues for developing effective urban farming policies in Sub-Saharan Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The government’s duty is to guarantee unimpeded access to food. Thus, relevant public policies, individual methods and tools, approaches, and strategic decisions are always the focus of attention of scientists, politicians, and government officials. Recognizing the critical importance of this imperative, this study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis that sheds light on the scientific landscape of strategic public administration of food security. The paper conducts a bibliometric analysis of scientific publications (using VosViewer – from 1990 to February 2024 using Scopus and WoS scientometric databases); monographs/textbooks (using Google Books and Ngram Viewer – for 1990–2019); and trend analysis (using Google Trends – from 2004 to February 2024). The analysis showed an exponential increase in the number of publications since 2000, with peaks in 2008 (financial crisis), 2019–2020 (COVID-19), and 2023 (threat to food security due to military conflicts). The clustering of scientific papers by content showed that the most significant (red) cluster unites research that links food security to agricultural development, sustainable development, climate change, and water supply. The spatial clustering of scientific publications revealed that scientific leadership belongs to scientists from the United States and China. The largest research funders are Chinese scientific institutions. It also reflected regional differences in research focus. In particular, Italy, Switzerland, and France emphasize agricultural innovation and quality standards, while China and Australia focus on increasing yields and food storage technologies.

Background: In this review, we summarize current scientific knowledge on psychoactive cannabinoids synthesized from cannabidiol (CBD) and sold in the semi-legal market established in response to the passage of the US Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018, commonly known as the 2018 Farm Bill. The discussion focuses on recent developments that suggest this unregulated market may be fertile ground for a potential health crisis. Summary: Current research into CBD-derived cannabinoids is mainly limited to [Delta][sup.8]-tetrahydrocannabinol ([Delta][sup.8]-THC) products, with some recent publications beginning to explore O-acetyl-THC, a term describing the acetate ester of [Delta][sup.8]-THC or [Delta][sup.9]-THC, and its potential pulmonary toxicity. We advance the discussion on the CBD-derived cannabinoid market, shedding light on the introduction and associated dangers of novel cannabinoids, likely produced via fully synthetic routes using sidechain variants of CBD, with purportedly greater agonist activity at the human cannabinoid receptor 1 (as a source of euphorigenic activity) than [Delta][sup.9]-THC. We discuss the expanded incorporation of the acetate ester motif into other THC analogues. We also discuss the lack of regulatory oversight for the production of CBD-derived cannabinoids and the unlabeled presence of under-researched cannabinoids formed as reaction side products in the CBD-derived cannabinoid products being sold. Accordingly, we suggest approaches to monitoring the CBD-derived cannabinoid market and investigating the pharmacology of the cannabinoids being consumed. Finally, important epidemiological findings are discussed and future directions for research are suggested to call investigators to this critically understudied field. Key Messages: The CBD-derived cannabinoid market is growing internationally, and the market has diversified to include potent synthetic cannabinoids. The products sold on this unregulated market are under-researched despite growing availability and consumer interest. Ernest investigation of the pharmacology of these novel cannabinoids and the contents of CBD-derived cannabinoid products is critical for monitoring this potential source of another vaping-related epidemic. Keywords: Delta-8-tetrahydrocannabinol, Tetrahydrocannabiphorol, Hexahydroxycannabiphorol, Ketene, O-acetyl-trahydrocannabinol-O, Author(s): Charles N. Zawatsky; Sara Mills-Huffnagle; Corinne M. Augusto; Kent E. Vrana; Jennifer E. Nyland Introduction An unregulated market for novel psychoactive cannabinoids has proliferated in the wake of the [...]

ABSTRACTPrevious research has shown that products labeled as ‘Protected Designation of Origin’ (PDO) correlate positively with indicators for landscape sustainability. However, specific factors that turn PDO products into sustainable landscape management tools remain vague. We analyze interviews from six European production systems to explore the links between PDO-labeled products and sustainable landscape management. All case studies were linked to extensive animal husbandry. We found that PDO products can contribute to sustainable landscape management if well-adapted incentives for agri-environmental measures supplement income. Successful products are further associated with local networks that use synergies between different stakeholder interests. Due to their promotion of social-ecological goals at the landscape level, PDO products can be a powerful addition to the EU’s Green Deal and rural development strategy, and by introducing eligibility criteria that focus on social-ecological goals, PDO labeling could be classified as a sustainability standard.

Crop type maps are essential in informing agricultural policy decisions by providing crucial data on the specific crops cultivated in given regions. The generation of crop type maps usually involves the collection of ground truth data of various crop species, which can be challenging at large scales. As an alternative to conventional field observations, street view images offer a valuable and extensive resource for gathering large-scale crop type ground truth through imaging the crops cultivated in the roadside agricultural fields. Yet our ability to systematically retrieve crop type labels at large scales from street view images in an operational fashion is still limited. The crop type retrieval is usually at the pixel level with uncertainty seldom considered. In our study, we develop a novel deep learning-based CropSight modeling framework to retrieve the object-based crop type ground truth by synthesizing Google Street View (GSV) and PlanetScope satellite images. CropSight comprises three key components: (1) A large-scale operational cropland field-view imagery collection method is devised to systematically acquire representative geotagged cropland field-view images of various crop types across regions in an operational manner; (2) UncertainFusionNet, a novel Bayesian convolutional neural network, is developed to retrieve high-quality crop type labels from collected field-view images with uncertainty quantified; (3) Segmentation Anything Model (SAM) is fine-tuned and employed to delineate the cropland boundary tailored to each collected field-view image with its coordinate as the point prompt using the PlanetScope satellite imagery. With four agricultural dominated regions in the US as study areas, CropSight consistently shows high accuracy in retrieving crop type labels of multiple dominated crop species (overall accuracy around 97 %) and in delineating corresponding cropland boundaries (F1 score around 92 %). UncertainFusionNet outperforms the benchmark models (i.e., ResNet-50 and Vision Transformer) for crop type image classification, showing an improvement in overall accuracy of 2–8 %. The fine-tuned SAM surpasses the performance of Mask-RCNN and the base SAM in cropland boundary delineation, achieving a 4–12 % increase in F1 score. The further comparison with the benchmark crop type product (i.e., cropland data layer (CDL)) indicates that CropSight is a promising alternative to crop type mapping products for providing high-quality, object-based crop type ground truth of diverse crop species at large scales. CropSight holds considerable promise to extrapolate over space and time for operationalizing large-scale object-based crop type ground truth retrieval in a near-real-time manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this study was to inform evidence-based financial strategies and policy directions for Uzbekistan’s ambitious greenhouse agriculture expansion by quantifying how integration with agricultural data platforms affects key operational metrics like crop productivity, expenditures, profitability, and technical efficiency. The core methodological approach integrated econometric modeling techniques (production, cost, and profit functions) with data envelopment analysis to conduct comprehensive techno-economic assessments across a representative sample of 58 greenhouse facilities using primary data collected on yields, costs, technology deployment levels, and digital platform accessibility. A key finding was that involvement in digital supply chain coordination platforms corresponded to a 36% increase in profitability, coupled with a 19% reduction in expenses, a 29% improvement in crop yields, and a 22% boost in optimized technical efficiency scores relative to conventional practices after controlling for technology adoption and other factors. This novel contribution provides quantifiable evidence on the synergistic productivity, financial sustainability, and climate resilience dividends unlocked by aligning physical infrastructure upgrades with virtual enhancements around data visibility and supply network integration to overcome constraints facing smallholder agricultural operations. The interdisciplinary analysis outlines an integrated roadmap for smart greenhouse expansion through investments in transparency tools, digital ecosystems, and workforce training. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-2024-05-02-04 Full Text: PDF

The clearing of native vegetation on private agricultural land has contributed greatly to the loss of ecosystems and biodiversity worldwide. Native vegetation on private land may be cleared for a variety of reasons, of which the expansion of agriculture is only one. In this study, we investigate how the clearing of native vegetation on private land is influenced by (1) the utilitarian, social and hedonic objectives of landholders and (2) the way in which the presence of native vegetation interacts with the farm system to contribute to, or detract from, achieving those objectives. Using data from a survey of agricultural landholders in New South Wales, Australia, we found that the landholders’ management of native vegetation was strongly influenced by their perceptions of the opportunities and threats the native vegetation on their properties presented to them. The implications are drawn for predicting the clearing of native vegetation and designing effective policy interventions to influence the extent of clearing.

Introduction: China is the largest producer, consumer, and trader of grain. Changes in China's agricultural policies will affect global food trade and thus impact food security. In this paper, we use China's maize subsidy system reform (MSSR) as a quasi-natural experiment to investigate the impact of marketoriented reforms in price support policy on the productivity of grain. Methods: We use official Chinese government panel data on farm households and a PSM-DID model to overcome the endogeneity problem of policy change. Results and discussion: The empirical results show that MSSR can increase maize productivity. The MSSR is divided into two phases: eliminating the maize purchase price and implementing maize producer subsidies. The policy effect of eliminating the purchase price exceeds the implementation of producer subsidies. Further analysis reveals that for farmers with a larger scale of cultivation, higher level of specialization, and higher degree of part-time employment, the MSSR enhances their productivity more significantly. In the high quartile, the MSSR reduces farmers' productivity. In the low quartile, the MSSR raises farmers' productivity, suggesting that the MSSR reduces the productivity differences among farmers. The results of our study suggest that market-based reform of price subsidies is an effective institutional arrangement to mitigate resource mismatch and increase food productivity, and point to the need to continue to improve the MSSR, explore diversified maize producer subsidy policies, and take into account the impact of other subsidies on farmers' maize production behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over 60% of the cassava-producing households in Nigeria have adopted the cultivation of improved cassava varieties resulting in increased cassava yields and output. Yet, the attainment of domestic production level that would cope with the domestic consumption and the needs for the export market can only be achieved if the technical efficiencies of smallholder farm resources are upgraded and the cassava farmers become more efficient in the allocation of these resources. This study examined the resource productivity and allocative efficiency in improved cassava-based mixed cropping system in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was employed to select a total of 120 respondents (comprising 60 adopters and 60 non-adopters of improved cassavabased mixed cropping system) on whom structured questionnaires were administered during the 2022/2023 cropping season. Inferential statistics involving the Cobb-Douglas production function and descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. The regression results revealed that all the five resource inputs for the adopters and four inputs excluding agrochemicals for non-adopters of the improved cassava-based mixed cropping system positively contributed to output of the respondents in the area. The results further showed that most of the resource inputs were of higher productivities under the adopters than the non-adopters. The result of the deviation from unity of the ratio of the Marginal Value Product (MVP) to Marginal Factor Cost (MFC) revealed that the adopters were more efficient in the allocation of land, cassava stem cuttings and miscellaneous variable capital inputs than the non-adopters. Constraints to increased cassava production in the area include lack of finance, high cost of farm inputs, among others. Policy measures aimed at liberalization of agricultural credit schemes to enhance farmers' access to essential farm inputs, introduction of labour-saving techniques to farmers among others were recommended towards increased production and profitable cassava value chain business in Nigeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]