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Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has been widely used to reveal the structures of proteins at atomic resolution. One key challenge is that almost all proteins are predominantly adsorbed to the air-water interface during standard cryo-EM specimen preparation. The interaction of proteins with air-water interface will significantly impede the success of reconstruction and achievable resolution. Here, we highlight the critical role of impenetrable surfactant monolayers in passivating the air-water interface problems, and develop a robust effective method for high-resolution cryo-EM analysis, by using the superstructure GSAMs which comprises surfactant self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and graphene membrane. The GSAMs works well in enriching the orientations and improving particle utilization ratio of multiple proteins, facilitating the 3.3-Å resolution reconstruction of a 100-kDa protein complex (ACE2-RBD), which shows strong preferential orientation using traditional specimen preparation protocol. Additionally, we demonstrate that GSAMs enables the successful determinations of small proteins (

How do airy materials constitute the urban? This is an anthropological question that has been of interest to me as I teach in a university campus in Northern India. Surrounded by agricultural fields and national highways, the campus is at least 60 km from the city of Delhi—infamous as the most polluted place in the world. My ability to notice how air pollution constituted Delhi peaked during a lecture with undergraduate students in late October 2019, when I was informed that they were being forced to sit in the bad air in my classroom because the student body’s request to cancel classes on account of air pollution had been denied. This moment has remained etched in my memory as it led to a long conversation in class about what it means to live with air through breath. Since Shiv Nadar Institution of Eminence is a residential university, I wondered how air quality was constituting how students related to living on campus. In acknowledging the agentive quality of air, I use this vignette and the conversation that followed to think through how air simultaneously constitutes the urban/rural divide and dissolves it, thus reformulating our relationship to the urban.

The air sustains, connects and conditions our lives and has been of growing relevance to social scientists adopting an atmospheric approach to social life. Nonetheless, in screen studies, air's critical uptake has so far been limited to narrative cinema, leaving it undertheorized in non-fiction filmmaking. In this paper, I introduce theories of the air that flow from the broader rise of atmospheric socio-aesthetic theories and suggest that it is possible to understand the air as an agent in the relationship between a filmmaker and their practice, and the film and its viewers. To make this argument, I first present a theoretical orientation to air as it is implicated in the non-fiction filmmaking process, before considering how the air has been understood in film scholarship, and how it has been taken as a subject of filmmakers working in experimental traditions. I then consider two bodies of non-fiction filmmaking through this aethereal lens. The first is Margaret Tait and her concept of 'breathing' with the camera, and the second is Arwa Aburawa and Turab Shah's And Still, It Remains (2023). In these analyses, I argue that thinking aethereally allows us to consider the co-construction of documentarian, document and viewer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

STARK is a widely used transparent proof system that uses low-degree tests for proving the correctness of a computer program. STARK consumes an intermediate representation known as AIR that is more appropriate for programs with a relatively short and structured description. However, an AIR is not able to succinctly express non-equality constraints, leading to the incorporation of unwanted polynomials. We present the eSTARK protocol, a new probabilistic proof that generalizes the STARK family through the introduction of a more generic intermediate representation called eAIR. We describe eSTARK in the polynomial IOP model, which combines the optimized version of the STARK protocol with the incorporation of three arguments into the protocol. We also explain various techniques that enhance the vanilla STARK complexity, including optimizations applied to polynomial computations, and analyze the tradeoffs between controlling the constraint degree either at the representation of the AIR or inside the eSTARK itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Pathogen introduction and transmission at the farm, regional, or national level are associated with reduced animal welfare and negative impacts on herd economics. Ongoing infectious disease surveillance, active or passive, is therefore of high importance. For optimal resolution, each pig is sampled individually, for example by collecting blood or nasal swabs. In recent years, oral fluids have become very useful for population surveillance at the pen level. Another alternative is sampling the air to capture pathogens circulating across the entire barn via bioaerosols. Objective: This study aimed to examine the potential utility of bioaerosol metagenomics for pathogen detection on pig farms. Methods: Bioaerosols via automated air sampler, and oral fluid via pen-based ropes, were collected from each of two Scottish indoor pig farms. All samples were subjected to conventional routine bacterial isolation. Total genomic nucleic acids were extracted for PCR screening for three pig DNA viruses, three bacterial Mycoplasma species and an RNA virus. Illumina shotgun metagenomic sequencing was also conducted. Results: Oral fluids contained more DNA compared to bioaerosol samples. DNA integrity exhibited limited impact on PCR or sequence yield. While Streptococcus suis could be cultured from a single oral fluid sample, reads mapped to S. suis were detectable in all metagenomic samples. Other bacterial pig pathogens, including Mycoplasma hyorhinis, M. hyopneumoniae and M. hyosynoviae, were detected in oral fluid and aerosols by PCR and metagenomics. One of the two farms was PRRSV positive, and the virus was detectable via PCR in oral fluids but not in bioaerosols. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene profiles had less variation between bioaerosols and oral fluids. Some identified AMR genes had strikingly similar abundance overall. Conclusion: Overall, these findings indicate that there is potential utility of bioaerosol metagenomics for pathogen surveillance on pig farms; however, more research is needed for technical and cost optimization to allow for routine pathogen detection on livestock farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the technology of combined production of electrical and thermal energy using preliminary air conversion of the pyrolysis liquid of automobile tires into synthesis gas, with its subsequent supply to the battery of an electrochemical generator. The electrical power of the installation is 100 kW, the network heater is 126 kW. The main energy characteristics of the installation were determined using the methods of physicochemical modeling and compilation of energy balances. It has been shown that the specific consumption of pyrolysis liquid for the production of electrical energy is 108 g/kW∙h (169 g r.f./(kW∙h)), and the heat consumption is 30 kg/GJ (196 kg r.f./Gcal). The specific consumption of natural and conventional fuels is compared with the specific fuel consumption at power plants operating on hydrocarbon natural fuels. They are slightly inferior to them, with the exception of the specific electricity generation from external heat consumption. Fuel utilization rate 46.4%. Recommendations are given for the use of pyrolysis liquid to generate electrical and thermal energy using a high-temperature fuel cell based on SOFC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A unified one-dimensional model of an arc plasma in air, between copper electrodes, that includes the change of the gap distance is presented. The occurrence of multiple reversals of the electric field and the anode voltage drop is observed. The evolution of the spatial distribution of the electron and heavy particle temperatures with the gap distance and the opening speed is also studied. The model quantitatively predicts a number of plasma properties under conditions that are relevant to the contact separation in low-voltage switching devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Developing technology in the field of rehabilitation is vital to accelerate recovery and decrease the side effects of current modalities. Rehabilitation is a challenging science in which the main challenge is not just treating the patient but also to shorten the rehabilitation time and avoid harmful effects. Thus, this review demonstrates the possible design and effects of air therapy as a novel treatment branch besides hydrotherapy, electrotherapy, and manual therapy in the field of rehabilitation. Methods: The search was conducted over clinical trials, literature reviews, and systematic reviews on the possible effects of treatments that may have similar effects to the newly developed air therapy. This search was conducted in the Web of Science, Scopus, EBSCO, and Medline databases. Results: Air therapy could be used to improve the function of mechanoreceptors, improve circulation and microcirculation, decrease pain, the release of trigger points, regain the elasticity of soft tissues, treat acute and chronic inflammations, decrease muscle cramps and spasticity, strengthen muscle, and decrease muscle fatigue and Decreasing muscle fatigue and delayed muscle soreness. Conclusion: Air therapy is a novel treatment modality that can be used effectively in the field of rehabilitation. Air therapy could be a valuable and safe treatment in rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By utilizing the similarity characteristics of turbines, their performance can be tested under conditions more relaxed than the design conditions. The use of the similarity model provides the benefit of saving time and the cost required to build a turbine test bench for the performance measurements. This study employs a partial similarity model, rather than a complete similarity model, with a rotational speed of 6000 rpm and air as the working fluid. Condition selection for this model was based on Buckingham's Pi theorem to nondimensionalize the parameters affecting turbine performance. Particularly, the pressure ratio was derived using in-house code. Based on mean-line design results, three-dimensional modeling and numerical analysis were performed using commercial software to compare the performances of the design and partial similarity models. The numerical analysis predicted the isentropic efficiencies of 86.1 % and 80.4 % for the design and partial similarity models, respectively. This study is significant as it enables turbine performance testing at a lower rotational speed with air as the working fluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problems caused by overcrowding and the simple need to breathe represent one of the major consequences of medical racism. With few exceptions, histories of epidemics, disease prevention, and sanitation often focus on municipal reform efforts to clean up gritty urban centers from London to Paris to New York. This article traces how concerns about ventilation emerged during the transatlantic slave trade and continued to be a problem for Black people throughout the eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The article emphasizes that Black people were not just the victims of medical racism but initiated many crusades in the United States to promote better ventilation throughout the twentieth century. This article highlights the work of Black reformers, doctors, and thinkers who fought to create healthy living conditions for Black people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the necessity of measuring the air content in oil in two-phase flows in the context of general industry, a review of the most popular methods of measuring the air content in oil was carried out. This review includes an assessment of their advantages and disadvantages and of whether they meet criteria such as the degree of filling, the size and number of bubbles, verification, the absence of additional pressure drops, simplicity, and repeatability. In the review, the following methods were examined: the classic trapping method, a modified trapping method, a trapping method using hydrostatic pressure loss, the pressure loss due to frictional flow resistance, the pressure loss with a rapid increase in diameter, the pressure drop in a Venturi tube, the pressure drop in an orifice, a method using the Coriolis effect, the electrical resistance method, the electrical conductivity method, the electromagnetic method, the electrical capacitance method, the thermal anemometry method, the liquid–solid contact electrification method, the photographic method, holography, light scattering, sound dispersion, the ultrasonic transit-time method, X-ray radiation, gamma radiation, neutron radiation, and fiber-optic methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SiC fibers are widely used in composites exposed to high temperature oxidizing environments. The present study compares the oxidation behavior of SiC fibers and the associated changes in tensile strength upon their exposure to dry air and steam for up to 50 hours at temperatures from 950°C to 1350°C. In both cases, the scale thickness and oxide microstructure were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. When the SiC fibers were oxidized in air, a crack-free amorphous oxide layer formed at temperatures up to 1200°C, whereas a cracked, crystallized oxide layer was found at 1350°C. By contrast under steam environment, a crystalline oxide forms at 950°C for oxidation times longer than 30 h. In both environments, the fiber strength decreased with increasing exposure time and temperature, the degradation being faster after oxidation in steam compared to dry air. This appears to relate to residual stress in the oxide scale and a reduction in the cross section of the load-bearing unoxidized SiC. An increase in defect size may also contribute to the loss of strength. The oxide scale follows parabolic growth kinetics in both dry air and in steam from 950°C to 1350°C, except at 1350°C for over 30 hours. The oxidation rate in steam is faster than that in dry air, with activation energies of 79.8±1.4 kJ/mol in steam and 153.6±3.4 kJ/mol in dry air, respectively. This work is relevant to the application of SiC fibers and SiC fiber reinforced composites in air and steam environments at high temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pollution of air, water, and soil is a pressing global issue with significant implications for environmental and human health. This research paper explores the various methods and technologies employed for the monitoring and remediation of pollutants in these three crucial environmental compartments. It discusses the challenges associated with pollution, the importance of effective monitoring, and the diverse strategies available for pollutant remediation. By synthesizing current research and technologies, this paper aims to provide insights into the state-of-the-art approaches for addressing pollution and promoting environmental sustainability [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Minimizing air aspiration by carefully filling blood gas syringes is crucial to prevent air contamination from causing undesirable variations in gasses and other molecules. While some previous studies investigated this aspect, these are now outdated and only analyzed a limited number of blood gas parameters. Thus, we investigated the effects air contamination in the syringe using a modern blood gas analyzer. Methods: We sampled venous blood from 17 laboratory workers (mean age: 46±11 years; 10 women), filling two consecutive blood gas syringes. The first was filled exactly to its nominal volume (i.e., 1.0 mL), while the second was filled with 0.8 mL of blood and 0.2 mL of ambient air. Blood gas analysis was performed in each syringe using an identical analyzer. Results: In the syringe with the air bubble, we found statistically significant increase in pH (0.1%), pO2 (10.8%), SO2 (11.2%), total hemoglobin (3.0%), and hematocrit (2.7%), while values of pCO2 (-4.8%), sodium (-0.5%), and ionized calcium (-1.3%) were significantly reduced. With exception of pH, all these changes exceeded the performance specifications. Potassium, chloride, glucose, lactate, COHb and MetHb values remained unchanged. Conclusions: These findings confirm that air bubbles must be removed as soon as possible after sampling from blood gas syringes to prevent artifactual test results and misleading clinical judgment and inappropriate treatment. When blood gas syringes are received in the laboratory with air bubbles inside, the most vulnerable parameters (i.e., pO2, SO2, pCO2, sodium, ionized calcium, hematocrit and hemoglobin) should be suppressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main global problems related to the environment is air pollution which not only affects the environment and the ecosystem but also affects human health. Many countries of the world did research on how to reduce air pollution so that the concentrations do not exceed the permissible thresholds which are set at that level so that neither human health nor the environment are exposed to further damage. One of the issues regarding air pollution is the concentrations of PM particles 2.5 and 10, PM particles are a big problem in developing countries such as the Republic of North Macedonia. The research paper was focused in processing the data that has been collected for daily averages of PM 2,5 and PM10 particles that contribute in air pollution. All analyzes and processing of the results are done in compliance with the current laws of the Republic of North Macedonia and with Directive 2008/50/EC, all for µg/m3. In the city of Skopje, numerous exceedances of the permissible thresholds of PM particles 2.5 and 10 were recorded at the two measurement stations where the results were obtained for the months of January, February, March, April, May and June of 2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this study was to further previous research and gather additional information regarding the usage of motorized shopping scooters as well as feedback for improvements to an air-powered scooter. Methods: Online surveys were used to assess individuals' shopping characteristics and experience using the motorized scooters and to gather feedback from store employees regarding their experience. K-Means clustering analysis was used to determine user demographics who chose to use the air-powered scooter versus the electric-powered scooter while shopping. Results: A total of 127 individuals provided informed consent, 65 individuals from site 1 and 62 individuals from site 2. One hundred twenty participants met the inclusion criteria and completed the survey. K-Means clustering found that age, type of personal mobility device, shopping bill total, and frequency using a motorized shopping scooter to be significant factors in whether individuals chose to use an air-powered scooter or electric-powered scooter. Conclusions: Motorized shopping scooters are in high demand and used by awide variety of individuals, yet electric-powered scooters are commonly unavailable because of having dead batteries or all the devices being in use. Air-powered scooters may serve as a practical replacement for the current electric-powered scooters found in grocery and retail stores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Neonicotinoids are a group of insecticides developed in the 1980s, reaching extensive use in agriculture in the 1990s due to their effectiveness against pests in various types of crops. In 2014, their use reached 25% of the global market. In the last decade, studies on their possible effects have been conducted, leading to bans and regulations in several European Union countries. Their persistence in soil and water can result in chronic exposure in aquatic and terrestrial organisms, including pollinator species. The accumulation of these compounds in the environment can disrupt ecosystems and affect the health of humans, plants, and animals. This review presents current knowledge on neonicotinoids, their mechanisms of action, and their transport in ecological spheres. Their presence in water and soil is evidenced, with specific concentrations reported in various regions. Their effects on non-target organisms, including aquatic animals and humans, can be negative, causing direct and indirect neurological and renal problems after exposure. More research is needed on the long-term effects on health and non-target organisms to fully understand the implications of these insecticides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dust storms and dry haze are an unfavorable meteorological factor for the cities of the Aral Sea Region. The mean annual number of days with haze in Central Asian cities ranges from 10 to 20. Dust makes poorer the aspect of areas, but its impact on urban planning has been incompletely studied and the content of fine dust particles in the air of cities has not been monitored. The Afghan wind (garmsil: fiery, hot, dry wind with dust), which attracts particular attention, is a dust storm that suddenly starts in the deserts of Afghanistan and on the dried bottom of the Aral Sea (it is now called Aralkum (the Turkish kum signifies sand)). This is a real salt desert, containing pesticides and chemicals dangerous for human health. They penetrated rivers as fertilizers used by people and then flowed into the sea. They now cause significant damage to the cities and to the economy of Central Asian countries. Wind transport of dust from natural sources and, as a result, the dustiness of the urban environment are analyzed in this article. This problem is particularly urgent for most large cities in Central Asia, but has not been studied sufficiently. The dust factor is not sufficiently taken into account, when making urban planning decisions even in areas with intensive wind and dust activity, such as the Aral Sea Region, where it is related to natural and climatic conditions. More and more cool agricultural lands are now destroyed and used for building construction in many cities, which may exert a strong effect on the quality of life in the next few years. Not long ago, dustiness was considered only as a factor that creates uncomfortable conditions, but today, it is associated with morbidity and mortality of the population. A high dust content in the air harms landscaped areas, along highways and streets in particular. The protection of buildings from direct sunlight and dust consists in the use of sun protection devices, panels, and ventilated facades. One of the modern trends in architecture consists in the introduction of the technology of kinetic facades, which are formed of elements of different shapes and materials. When the proposed methods are implemented, there is a real opportunity to improve the quality of atmospheric air in cities located in complicated landscape conditions, which will directly affect the improvement of human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we discuss the existence and impact of microplastics in different ecosystems, including water, soil, air, and the human body, as well as the absorption of pollutants into these microplastic particles. Airborne microplastics have been detected in the atmosphere as well as indoors and outdoors. Microplastics in the air, in addition to inherent toxicity, may cause more risks to human health and the environment than virgin microplastics through the absorption of pollutants and chemicals. Due to the widespread use of plastics around the world, the abundance of microplastics in aquatic environments has increased. Microplastics can be ingested by a wide range of marine organisms, so it is possible that contaminated microplastics cause mechanical damage to organisms and there is also the possibility of contamination being transmitted to marine organisms and the marine food web. Accumulation of microplastics in the soil can cause them to be absorbed by plants and transport these microplastic particles and pollutants absorbed by them along the food chain. Highly populated urban centers, industries or large-scale agriculture are the main causes of soil contamination by microplastics. Microplastics can find their way into the food we eat, the water we drink, and even the air we breathe. Researchers were able to find microplastic particles in all human tissues studied.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the dynamic disinfection effect of the upper-room 222 nm ultraviolet radiation on the air in different areas of the emergency department, and to provide references for a new solution of air disinfection that man-machine coexisted in the medical and healthcare institutions.MethodsThe upper-room 222 nm ultraviolet radiation air sterilizers were installed at a height of 2.3‒2.6 m from the ground in the observation room, computed tomography (CT) scanning room, rescue room and consulting room of the emergency department in Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University . The test area was divided into a 222 nm ultraviolet group and a control group according to whether the 222 nm ultraviolet germicidal air disinfection was conducted or not. The experimental group started air disinfection at 8:00 a.m., and the air sampling was conducted from 9:00 a.m. to 16:00 p.m., with a 10 min sampling interval of every 1 hour. While the control group only collected air sample with the same air sampling method used in the experimental group, without air disinfection. The air microbial sampler with six-level sieve impingement was used for the air sampling, and the differences in the total number of airborne bacterial colonies were compared between the two groups.ResultsA total of 128 air samples were collected in the trial, of which 64 were from the experimental group and 64 from the control group. The total number of airborne bacterial colonies in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group (all P

Heat transfer and thermodynamic analysis are performed using computational fluid dynamics and chemical kinetics to investigate the synthesis gas production processes in chemical reactors with integrated heat exchangers by steam reforming. The change of thermal energy in the reactor is fully described in order to analyze the influences of fluid velocity, solid thermal properties, and flow arrangement on the thermal behavior of the reactor. The evolution of energy is discussed in terms of reaction heat flux, and thermodynamic analysis of the oxidation and reforming processes is performed in terms of enthalpy changes. The results indicate that while the net sensible enthalpy change is always positive in the reactor, the net enthalpy change for the endothermic and exothermic reactions is positive and negative, respectively. The wall thermal conductivity plays a significant role in determining the efficiency and operation of the autothermal system. The parallel flow design is advantageous for purposes of avoiding localized hot spots and enhancing heat transfer. The change in enthalpy is vital to the endothermic and exothermic reactions. The thermal behavior of the reactor system depends upon the thermal properties of the walls. The change in flow arrangement significantly affects the reaction heat flux in the reactor. The endothermic reforming reaction can proceed efficiently and rapidly if the wall thermal conductivity is high. The reaction heat flux for the endothermic and exothermic processes is negative and positive, respectively. The wall heat conduction effect accompanying temperature changes is of great importance to the autothermal design and self-sustaining operation of the reactor.

Pesticide application is generally carried out by aerial or land spraying and part of what is applied can be transferred to the atmosphere. Despite considerable research on pesticides in the air, most studies have focused on a small number of compounds and emphasised the volatile pesticides, with little attention to current-use pesticides. Therefore, a reliable method was developed and validated for the multiresidue determination of 37 pesticides and 11 metabolites or related compounds in air samples. The method was based on an active sampling for 8 h using solid-phase traps containing Tenax® TA, direct extraction of the analytes from the traps with acetone, and determination by gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) in a triple quadrupole system. The method conditions were optimised using design of experiments. Compound recoveries (evaluated between 0.6 and 4.8 µg m−3) ranged from 71 to 114%, all with relative standard deviation ≤ 17%. The practical method limits of quantification were from 0.6 to 1.2 µg m−3 and the method limits of detection were from 0.2 to 0.4 µg m−3. The proposed method proved to be effective and comprehensive in terms of the classes and volatility of compounds that can be determined simultaneously at very low limits, with potential for application in occupational exposure and environmental monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A review of regulatory documents on air control was carried out; approaches to air sampling at food industry enterprises and methods of air disinfection were considered. It has been established that air is one of the important aspects in ensuring the quality and safety of food products. Air is a transport medium for pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms. The concentration of microorganisms and the area of their distribution in the air of industrial premises are influenced by the technological features of the products being manufactured and the design of the enterprise. The transfer of microorganisms at food industry enterprises occurs due to bioaerosols that are formed during high-pressure washing. The use of air filters allows reducing the level of microorganisms in the indoor air. Microbial air monitoring should be carried out during the technological process at critical control points (CCP). To assess air, it is advisable to select those microorganisms that cause spoilage of manufactured products or affected their safety. Passive and active air sampling methods have certain limitations. There are various methods of air disinfection, the main ones being fogging, ozonation and UV irradiation. The choice of the method should be made based on the characteristics of a particular enterprise. In Russian regulatory documents, microbiological indicators when assessing air at food industry enterprises are limited to total microbial count, yeast and mold count, while in foreign practice, the choice of indicators is based on those microorganisms that caused spoilage of finished products released from a particular enterprise. It is necessary to develop modern integrated approaches to ensure air control at food industry enterprises and establish regulatory documents on microbiological indicators and their permissible levels.

The paper focuses on the issue of air pollution in the industrially important Most region in the 1960s. It analyses how society and government responded to increasing environmental degradation in the region within the evolving political and economic context by examining the media and changes in legislation. Inspired by Donald Worster’s environmental history framework, the paper aims to illustrate the dynamic interplay between the expansion of industry, environmental concerns and policymaking during this crucial period. By investigating the nuances of media discourse and legislative reforms, it explores how air pollution was perceived and what actions were taken to tackle it in the region, contributing to a deeper understanding of the interconnections between society, state, and ecology in environmental contexts.

Abstract Background Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is increasingly being used for critically ill patients with cardiopulmonary failure. Air in the ECMO circuit is an emergency, a rare but fatal complication. Case presentation We introduce a case of a 76-year-old female who suffered from cardiac arrest complicated with severe trauma and was administered veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. In managing the patient with ECMO, air entered the ECMO circuit, which had not come out nor was folded or broken. Although the ECMO flow was quickly re-established, the patient died 6 h after initiating ECMO therapy. Conclusions In this case report, the reason for the complication is drainage insufficiency. This phenomenon is similar to decompression sickness. Understanding this complication is very helpful for educating the ECMO team for preventing this rare but devastating complication of fatal decompression sickness in patients on ECMO.

The anomalous enhancement of laminar separation flow and heat transfer (AELSFHT) is studied in a channel with two rows of 26 densely packed grooves inclined at angles of ±45° in the case of uniform flow at the entry and the Reynolds number Re varying from 1000 to 5500. The local flow acceleration is validated, when the greatest flow velocity becomes of the order of 1.8 in dimensionless units and the wall layer becomes thinner above the spherical entry segments. In this case, the longitudinal velocity increases to a value of 1.4 at a distance y = 0.005 from the wall for Re = 2500. The interrelation between the local acceleration at the channel center and the AELSFHT is established, the minimum value of the negative acceleration amounting to –25 at Re = 5500 and the relative heat removal from the structured region of the channel reaching up to 5.2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To establish a method for the quantitative analysis of iodine and its compounds in workplace air by ion chromatography pulsed amperometric detector. Methods Air samples were collected using alkaline -activated carbon solid -phase extraction tubes and eluted with 10 mL of the 20 mmol/L sodium bicarbonate solution for 30 minutes. The eluate was separated using the Dionex ICS -5000 ion chromatography system with the Dionex IonPac AS11 -HC high - performance anion separation column and detected by the pulsed amperometric detector, with the retention time for qualitative analysis and the peak area for quantitative analysis. Results The method had a correlation coefficient of 0.999 7 for the standard curve, a detection limit of 0.519 μg/L (25 μL injection volume), and a minimum quantifiable mass concentration of 2.3 μg/m³ calculated using a sampling volume of 7.5 L. The method had good reproducibility, with relative standard deviations ranging from 2.72% to 4.10% and an internal recovery rate of 95.8% to 98.0% for simulated samples. The average elution efficiency of alkaline-activated carbon solid-phase extraction tubes was more than (94.1% ± 2.65% ). Iodine and its compounds could be stably stored for 5 days at 4 ℃ . Conclusions The quantitative analysis method of the ion chromatography pulsed amperometric detector was fast, convenient, efficient, and accurate. It is satisfied with the requirement for the determination of iodine and its compounds in workplaces [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Monika Maron's Flugasche (1981)—the first novel from the GDR to deal with environmental issues—the poisoned atmosphere in the city of B. functions as an affective centre, around which emotions, actions and reactions of the main protagonist as well as of the other characters revolve. The journalist Josefa Nadler falls into the sphere of the environmental catastrophe and is overwhelmed by the atmospheric power of this meaningful situation. The corporeal experience of being exposed to subtle environmental violence, which has devastating consequences for the city of B. and debilitating effects on its inhabitants, evokes feelings such as fear, anger, shame and compassion. Moreover, it develops into a driving force for thoughts, decisions, commitment and resistance against the unfair air distribution, accompanied by a sense of powerlessness. The aim of the article is a re‐reading of the novel with a central focus on the largely non‐representational, affective and meteorological elemental spacetimes, which can not only be felt or bodily experienced but also designed or engineered in order to produce a certain time‐bound structure of feeling, for example, an oppressive climate of fear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing global plastic pollution crisis, identification methods of airborne microplastic particles have been regarded as a crucial issue. This paper reviewed the progress made in this area in recent years. Commonly used air sample collection methods were described, including passive sampling and active sampling. Sample preparation methods, such as sieving, digestion, and density separation were discussed. Besides, microplastic particle identification methods, such as microscopic observation, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy were highlighted. However, there are still some challenges in the existing identification methods, such as the number and size distribution of microplastic particles. Future researches focused on the development of sensitive detection and databases establishment to enable large-scale monitoring were suggested. It was also recommended to establish complete and standardized airborne microplastic sampling and analysis technology. The present review concludes the current status of identification methods for airborne microplastic particles and point outs an outlook on future development directions, which provides a theoretical basis for the control of atmospheric microplastic pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The patterns of catalytic ignition of deuterium–air mixtures above the surface of metallic rhodium at pressures of 1–2 atm and temperatures of 20–250°C using hyperspectrometers in the range of 400–1650 nm and high-speed filming have been established. It is established that the catalytic ignition of deuterium–air mixtures in the studied temperature range is observed at a deuterium content of more than 12%; and at a deuterium content of less than 12%, only intense heating of the catalytic wire is observed. It is shown that the initial ignition source occurs on the surface of the reactor. In subsequent experiments, under the same conditions, the location of the original center changes. It has been found that the upper limit of the catalytic ignition above the D2–air mixture is noticeably lower than the lower ignition limit of the H2–air mixture. Thus, D2 is more combustible than H2 over the surface of Rh at a pressure above 1 atm. The limits of catalytic ignition are even lower than 20°C, although the flame velocity in hydrogen–air mixtures and the flame temperature in these mixtures of the same composition are much higher than those of deuterium–air mixtures. The nature of the detected kinetic inverse isotope effect is probably determined by the high level of activity of rhodium deuteride in relation to the deuterium oxidation reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of modeling the radiation characteristics of the air behind the front of a strong shock wave, performed using the direct simulation Monte Carlo method, are presented. The model used takes into account various physical and chemical processes occurring in shock-heated air, including the translational-rotational and translational-vibrational energy exchange, kinetics of chemical reactions, and excitation of electronic levels of atoms and molecules, as well as the emission and absorption processes for a discrete spectrum. As a result of the calculations, time-integrated spectrograms of the volumetric radiation power of shock-heated air are obtained in absolute units in the range of shock wave velocities from 7.4 to 10.7 km/s at a gas pressure in front of the shock wave front of 0.25 Torr. The calculation data are compared with the experimental data obtained on a DDST-M double-diaphragm shock tube of the Institute of Mechanics of Moscow State University. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current state of research on measuring the electron concentration in low-temperature plasma in the vicinity of a strong shock wave, which simulates the conditions of the descend spacecraft entry into the Earth's atmosphere, is considered. Various physicochemical processes leading to the formation of low-temperature plasma both ahead of the shock wave front and in the shock-heated gas are analyzed. A critical review of various plasma diagnostic methods is made, and their advantages and disadvantages are noted. Numerous experimental data on measuring the electron concentration in various shock-heated gases in various conditions are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposed some innovative hybrid models integrating Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) to enhance air quality prediction in real-time. It helps the limitations due to dynamic and non-linear environmental data that require accurate and up-to-date prediction models for managing air quality and provides a significant potential in theory of environment. This hybrid model incorporates CNN to learn spatial dependencies and LSTM are used for capturing the long term and short term temporal sequences, together it makes a more effective analysis of air pollution trends. The model in this study was applied on global scenarios that have crucial ecological data (e. g., PM 2.5) in large-scale environmental datasets. PM5-P10-CONOx (real-time from monitoring systems) The enhanced prediction accuracy and computational efficiency of the proposed model over conventional approaches were substantiated through a number of optimisation strategies such as hyperparameter tuning and model regularisation. The research also shows other important indexes to test model performance, such as Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE). Furthermore, the paper describes how the model can be deployed in a real-time scenario that highlights both its scale and integration with existing air quality monitoring systems. The results have shown that in addition to improved prediction performance the hybrid LSTM-CNN model is able to show support for the large and noisy nature of the real datasets, making it a viable candidate of effective tool for environmental monitoring applications and decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to review and synthesize what design factors are associated with the physiological and psychological health of occupants in underground spaces. Background: The development of underground spaces offers options to global challenges, such as traffic congestion, urban overcrowding, the revitalization of dormant underground areas, disaster mitigation, and adaptation to extreme environments. Despite these advantages, concerns persist about potential adverse effects on human health in these environments. This situation underlines the necessity of systematically identifying concerns and perceptions related to health in underground spaces. Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted to examine the relationship between design factors and health factors across 21 empirical studies. Based on the review of the identified literature, a relationship diagram was developed to depict the interconnections between the identified design and health factors. Results: The analysis identified design factors related to the air, sound, light, nature, transport, and spatial context of underground spaces, each of which exerted relationships with occupants' physiological and psychological health factors. The relationship diagram indicated that the psychological factor "feeling of confinement" was mentioned most frequently, suggesting that it is one of the most extensively researched factors in this context. Conclusions: The relationship diagram aims to bridge the existing knowledge gap and set the stage for future research endeavors. The ultimate goal is to refine urban living standards by leveraging the potential of underground spaces while ensuring health and well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exposure to heavy metals can result in various adverse health effects. Tehran is rated as one of the world's most polluted cities. Green space workers are continuously exposed to such pollutants in this city. Thus, this study aimed to estimate the health risks caused by exposure to heavy metals among green space workers. Eighty-eight workers and office personnel in two regions with different air quality levels were chosen for sampling. Air samples were collected using the NIOSH-7300 method and analyzed using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) instrument. The hazard quotient (HQ) and the lifetime cancer risk (LTCR) were calculated to assess carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk levels. The results revealed that the rank order of heavy metals was determined as Zn, Pb, Mn, Ni, Co, and Cd. Workers were subjected to higher concentrations of Ni, Pb, Zn, and Co than office personnel. Furthermore, the Cd, Co, and Zn exposure levels stood significantly higher in region 6 than in region 14. Non-carcinogenic risk levels for all participants fell within the acceptable range. Moreover, no employee had a carcinogenic risk level within the acceptable range when exposed to Cd. Also, 2.3% of individuals demonstrated Ni's acceptable carcinogenic risk level. Owing unacceptable risk levels, proper interventions are required to minimize occupational exposure to heavy metals. These interventions include optimizing shift schedules, using personal protective equipment, and conducting regular health assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background There has been a greater focus in recent literature proposing air to be a superior medium to saline in tissue expanders. This study aims to review the literature and assess the quality of data on the efficacy and safety of air as an alternative medium to saline in tissue expanders, in the setting of postmastectomy two-stage reconstruction. Methods A systematic review regarding air inflation of tissue expanders was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. The methods followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Three reviewers separately performed data extraction and comprehensive synthesis. Results A total of 427 articles were identified in our search query, of which 11 met the inclusion criteria. Three pertained to inflation with room air, and eight pertained to inflation with CO 2 using the AeroForm device. They were comparable to decreased overall complication rates in the room air/CO 2 cohort compared to saline, although statistical significance was only observed in one of five two-arm studies. Investigating specific complications in the five two-arm studies, significantly lower rates of skin flap necrosis were only observed in two CO 2 -based studies. Studies rarely discussed other safety profile concerns, such as the impacts of air travel, radiation planning, and air extravasation beyond descriptions of select patients within the cohort. Conclusion There is insufficient evidence to suggest improved outcomes with room air inflation of tissue expanders. Further work is needed to fully characterize the benefits and safety profiles of air insufflation before being adopted into clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autoimmune retinopathy (AIR) is a poorly characterized disease with a wide phenotypic spectrum, complicating investigations of its underlying pathophysiology. We sought to analyze optical coherence tomography (OCT) retinal thickness changes in AIR patients. A retrospective chart review from 2007 to 2017 was performed evaluating AIR patients at a single academic, tertiary referral center. OCT retinal sublayer analysis was performed, and paradoxical thickening phenotypes were reviewed. Twenty-nine AIR patients with positive anti-retinal antibodies and OCT imaging were identified. Overall, AIR patients had thinner retinal sublayers compared to controls; however, 12 patients (41.4%) had paradoxical thickening of the outer plexiform layer (OPL). This revealed two distinct OCT phenotypes. No association was found between retinal sublayer thickness and specific antiretinal antibodies. While the pathogenicity of antiretinal antibodies remains unclear, the OCT phenotypes observed underscore the potential for identifying clues in the underlying disease processes and clinical diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuberculosis (TB) is a dangerous and highly contagious disease. Global cases have increased since, and Indonesia is one of the countries with the highest number of TB cases. This study aimed to prevent TB transmission by analyzing air contamination. Air samples were taken from three primary health cares (PHCs) in Surabaya City, East Java Province, Indonesia, and cultured in Mycobacterium Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) media. Of the 108 air samples collected, 36 came from the waiting room, 36 from the examination room, and 36 from the laboratory room. As a result, the waiting room (50%), examination room (16.7%), and laboratory room (2.7%) were declared positive. In short, the air in the three PHCs contained mycobacterium tuberculosis. There is a need for room management to prevent TB transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Intracardiac air remains an unsolved problem in the realm of cardiac surgery, leading to embolic events encompassing conduction disturbance, heart failure, and stroke. Transesophageal echocardiography allows the visualization of three distinct types of retained intracardiac air: pooled air, coarse bubbles, and microbubbles. The former two predominantly manifest in the right upper pulmonary vein, left atrium, and left ventricle, exhibiting passive movement along the vessel walls by buoyancy. De-airing, involving "eradication" of air from circulation and "expulsion" of air from the heart into the systemic circulation assumes paramount importance in averting embolic events. Optimal de-airing strategies necessitate the thorough elimination of air during the static phase before the resumption of cardiac activity, achieved through aspiration or guided exit leveraging buoyancy. While the dynamic phase, characterized by active cardiac beating, presents challenges for air eradication, the majority of air expulsion occurs towards the aorta during this period. In this latter phase, collaborative efforts among the surgeon, anesthesiologist, and clinical engineer are pivotal to mitigate the risk of bolus air embolism. The efficacy of carbon dioxide insufflation is limited, as it is rapidly aspirated by wall suction or absorbed into the bloodstream. Consequently, the "air" identified by TEE is acknowledged as conventional air. Understanding the distinctive properties of air as well as timely and judicious collaboration for detection and removal, with the ultimate goal of eradication, emerges as an essential prerequisite for successful de-airing in the evolving era of cardiac surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of daily meteorological parameters on the number of patients applying to the emergency department as a result of exposure to aggressive behavior. Methods: In our retrospectively planned study, patients who were admitted to the university hospital emergency department between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2021, due to stab wounds, gunshot wounds, and assault were included in the study. The relationship between the meteorological parameters, including air temperature, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, and maximum wind speed on the admission days of these patients, was analyzed. Results: In the study, a total of 7825 patients admitted due to stab wounds (n=1110), gunshot wounds (n=681), and assault (n=6034) were included. The highest number of applications to the emergency department due to exposure to physical violence were on Fridays (n=1225, 16%) and in August (n=780, 10%), and the lowest applications were on Sundays (n=1014, 13%) and in February (n=428, 6%). According to the results of the Poisson regression analysis of the relationship between patient applications and daily measurement parameters, average relative humidity and average wind speed were found to be independent determinants for stab wounds and gunshot wounds, and average temperature and average wind speed were found to be independent determinants for assault. Discussion and Conclusion: Meteorological parameters such as air temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, and maximum wind speed affect exposure to aggressive behavior and the need for emergency healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The allocation of energy through buoyancy, along with the generation of irreversibility, has been examined in a porous, air-filled, quadrantal-shaped enclosure at different inclinations. The contour has a continuous heat source at the lowest wall, while the left and curved walls remain at colder temperature. The results are presented using vortex patterns and non-dimensional temperature distributions, Nusselt number along the hot leading lowermost wall, and the generation of entropy inside the cavity. Adjusting the Rayleigh number (Ra), Darcy number (Da), and inclination angle (φ ) to values between 103 and 106, 10−4 to 10−1, and 15–60°, respectively, allows for the explanations to be prepared. The analysis has revealed that altering these parameters causes noteworthy alterations in the flow dynamics and entropy generation. The prime design for thermal applications is initiated to be a contour with an inclination of 30° attributable to restrained magnitudes of average heat allocation and less establishment of irreversibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Green Fenton-like selective oxidation of alcohol driven by the active oxygen species from air. • Highly efficient selective oxidation with low-cost and super-facile reaction operation. • Highly efficient MnCoOx catalysts characterized by uniform MnCo 2 O 4 -Co 3 O 4 oxide pair for selective oxidation of alcohol using air as oxidant. • A facile method with an in - situ heating enhancement for the formation of spinel MnCo 2 O 4 mixed oxide. Mn reinforced Co 3 O 4 catalysts (MnCoOx) were prepared by a facile solid phase mixed foaming method with an in-situ heating enhancement for the formation of spinel phase mixed oxide species, and studied in the selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol just the air in reactor as oxygen donor. It was found that the MnCoOx catalysts are composed of relatively minimal spinel MnCo 2 O 4 mixed oxide and massive Co 3 O 4 to form MnCo 2 O 4 -Co 3 O 4 oxide pair. The micro-domains of MnCo 2 O 4 -Co 3 O 4 oxide pair present two redox couples of Mn3+/Mn2+ and Co3+/Co2+ instead of the single one of Co3+/Co2+ in Co 3 O 4 , and then dramatically enhance the formation of superoxide radicals (•O2–) species from the O 2 in air, which can efficiently initiate the conversion of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde in a Fenton-like processes. With no oxidant other than air in reactor, the interaction between MnCo 2 O 4 and Co 3 O 4 in MnCoOx catalysts leads to a benzyl alcohol conversion up to 98 % with a 100 % benzaldehyde selectivity at atmospheric pressure while single component Co 3 O 4 can only present a benzyl alcohol conversion at 37 %. This embodiment of highly efficient heterogeneous selective oxidation just with air as oxidant provides a probability for developing a low-cost and super-facile radical-induced selective oxidation process for alcohols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a detailed description of a study on the oxidative chlorination of alkanes using visible light and HCl as the chlorine reagent. The researchers found that simple alkanes cannot be chlorinated effectively under the same reaction conditions, but functionalized alkanes with electron-withdrawing groups can undergo chlorination. The study includes experimental procedures, results, and characterization of the compounds using NMR analysis. The document also acknowledges the funding source and provides additional supporting information. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is increasingly being used for critically ill patients with cardiopulmonary failure. Air in the ECMO circuit is an emergency, a rare but fatal complication. Case presentation: We introduce a case of a 76-year-old female who suffered from cardiac arrest complicated with severe trauma and was administered veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. In managing the patient with ECMO, air entered the ECMO circuit, which had not come out nor was folded or broken. Although the ECMO flow was quickly re-established, the patient died 6 h after initiating ECMO therapy. Conclusions: In this case report, the reason for the complication is drainage insufficiency. This phenomenon is similar to decompression sickness. Understanding this complication is very helpful for educating the ECMO team for preventing this rare but devastating complication of fatal decompression sickness in patients on ECMO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the production of high purity oxygen (90–95%) through experiments in a PSA/VSA unit and develop a mathematical model to describe the dynamic behavior of the process. Different operational parameters and the dead volume were investigated for their impact on process performance. The experiments used a laboratory-scale unit filled with beads of a commercial LiX zeolite to obtain breakthrough and PSA/VSA data for model validation. Equilibrium isotherms of pure oxygen and nitrogen were measured at 288, 298 and 313 K for the pressure range of 0 to 3 bar. Single and multicomponent breakthrough curves were obtained at 298 K. Synthetic air (grade 5.0 purity, excluding argon) with a composition of 20% (± 0.5%) O2 and 80% (± 0.5%) N2 was used in the PSA/VSA experiments. A novel approach was developed using the mathematical model designed to simulate PSA/VSA cycles to account for the dead volume effects commonly found in units of this type. The model was implemented and solved using gPROMS® software. The simulation data matched well with the experimental data, accurately representing histories of concentration, pressure, temperature, and purity variations during the process. The validated model revealed optimal operating conditions for a VSA unit: 7.5 s adsorption time, 1.5 bar adsorption pressure, 0.1 bar desorption pressure, and a flow rate of 1 SLPM, producing a purity of approximately 94% and a recovery of about 20%. Increasing the adsorption duration negatively affected the oxygen purity but positively influenced process recovery and productivity. Adding an equalization stage improved process recovery by 18.9% for PSA and 14.5% for VSA. Additionally, increased dead volume in the column had adverse effects on purity, productivity, and recovery for both PSA and VSA units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A critical challenge to the commercialization of clean and high-efficiency solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology is the insufficient stack lifespan caused by a variety of degradation mechanisms, which are associated with cell components and chemical feedstocks. Cell components related degradation refers to thermal/chemical/electrochemical deterioration of cell materials under operating conditions, whereas the latter regards impurities in feedstocks of oxidant (air) and reductant (fuel). This article provides a thermodynamic perspective on the understanding of the impurities-induced degradation mechanisms in SOFCs. The discussion focuses on using thermodynamic analysis to elucidate poisoning mechanisms in cathodes by impurity species such as Cr, CO2, H2O, and SO2 and in the anode by species such as S (or H2S), SiO2, and P2 (or PH3). The author hopes the presented fundamental insights can provide a theoretical foundation for searching for better technical solutions to address the critical degradation challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bubble columns are widely used in numerous industrial processes because of their advantages in operation, design, and maintenance compared to other multiphase reactor types. In contrast to their simple design, the generated flow conditions inside a bubble column reactor are quite complex, especially in continuous mode with counter-current liquid flow. For the design and optimization of such reactors, precise numerical simulations and modelling are needed. These simulations and models have to be validated with experimental data. For this reason, experiments were carried out in a laboratory-scale bubble column using shadow imaging and particle image velocimetry (PIV) techniques with and without counter-current liquid flow. In the experiments, two types of gases—relatively poorly soluble air and well-soluble CO2—were used and the bubbles were generated with three different capillary diameters. With changing gas and liquid flow rates, overall, 108 different flow conditions were investigated. In addition to the liquid flow fields captured by PIV, shadow imaging data were also statistically evaluated in the measurement volume and bubble parameters such as bubble diameter, velocity, aspect ratio, bubble motion direction, and inclination. The bubble slip velocity was calculated from the measured liquid and bubble velocities. The analysis of these parameters shows that the counter-current liquid flow has a noticeable influence on the bubble parameters, especially on the bubble velocity and motion direction. In the case of CO2 bubbles, remarkable bubble shrinkage was observed with counter-current liquid flow due to the enhanced mass transfer. The results obtained for bubble aspect ratio are compared to known correlations from the literature. The comprehensive and extensive bubble data obtained in this study will now be used as a source for the development of correlations needed in the validation of numerical simulations and models. The data are available from the authors on request. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents the analysis of the spatial distribution of number concentration, size distribution, and chemical composition of aerosol particles measured for the first time over the seas of the Russian Arctic. Various types of vertical distribution of the number concentration were recorded, characteristic of both coastal marine and continental areas. Most of them turned out to be of the continental type. Attention is also drawn to the almost complete absence of coarse particles above 2–3 km over all seas. The chemical composition of the Arctic aerosol at altitudes of both 200 m and 5000 m contains ions that can be referred to as both marine and continental. The identifiable carbon- and salt-free elemental part of the aerosol over the Arctic is 3–4 times larger than that of ions. Over all seas and at both altitudes, the Arctic aerosols mainly contain elements of terrigenous origin – Al, Cu, Fe, and Si. Over almost all seas, except the Barents Sea, Si is dominant in the elemental composition of the aerosol, its contribution over the Chukchi Sea reaching 85%. The analysis of backward trajectories showed that in all cases considered, whether the aerosol was formed over the continent or sea, air trajectories passed both over sea and over land. In this case, the formed particles could be enriched with additional ions and elements along their pathway. This work completes a cycle of the papers, devoted to studying air composition, which was carried out over the seas of the Russian Arctic in September 2020. Our results can be used to model the atmospheric processes occurring in the Arctic under the conditions of changing climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]