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In the traditional stepped spillways with uniform width, the inception points of air entrainment along the spillway transverse direction generally remain at a similar distance from the spillway entrance, and can therefore be treated as a 2D problem. In the converging stepped spillways, the converging sidewall causes a nonuniform flow distribution along the spillway transverse direction, and a disturbed flow region is generated near the converging sidewall with significantly higher flow depth and discharge and lower air concentration. Their inception points are no longer a 2D problem and were investigated by physical experiments in this study. It was found that the line of the inception points curves downstream in the disturbed flow region and ended at the standing wave with limited air entrainment, while it formed the approximately straight line in the undisturbed flow region away from the converging sidewall. Therefore, the inception line of air entrainment in the converging stepped spillways can be described by the straight and curved lines and two intersections. The effects of the inlet flow discharge and the sidewall convergence angle were tested and analyzed. The expressions for the straight and curved lines and the two intersections are established, which can help to identify the inception line of air entrainment for the converging stepped spillways and make reasonable predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Businesses increasingly aim to attract new employees and customers by creating a unique brand identity. Airlines, particularly low-cost carriers, are no exception. After the staff shortages caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, airlines use branding to regain their competitive edge and restore customer satisfaction. This paper explores the role of employer branding, a fusion of human resources and marketing, in the aviation sector. The research integrates both consumer and employee perspectives, helping to deepen the understanding of how a strong employer brand drives organizational success. It contributes to existing literature by addressing the gap in studies examining the interplay between these factors. A literature review and qualitative analysis of seventeen case studies, meeting three selected parameters (year, topic, and data used), were conducted to achieve the research goals. Results show that service performance and credibility are critical factors in aviation, more so than in other industries. To build customer loyalty, airlines should focus on meeting diverse needs based on travel types, offering memorable experiences, and ensuring website security. By strengthening their brand, companies can enhance their attractiveness to job seekers, boost employee and customer satisfaction and loyalty, and improve overall business performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A careful examination of the pertinent literature denotes that no empirical study has tested the consequences of environmentally specific servant leadership (ESS) among cabin crew so far. This is surprising because the airline industry has long been at the forefront of green debate for its significant environmental problems (e.g. climate change, CO2 emission, and waste). With this realization, drawing on the stimulus-organism-response framework and social learning theory, our paper explores climate for green creativity (CGC) and green creativity (GC) as the serial mediators linking ESS to green recovery performance (GRP). Data came from cabin crew in major European low-cost carriers. The results from the PROCESS plug-in for statistical package for social sciences reveal that CGC or GC mediates the influence of ESS on GRP. More importantly, CGC and GC mediate the positive association between ESS and GRP in a sequential manner. The presence of ESS results in the establishment of the climate where cabin crew can offer novel green ideas and feedback that in turn enables them to display better GRP. Theoretical implications are discussed and implications for managers are given in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The competitive advantage of airlines depends on their technical efficiency. Efficiency analysis models now differentiate between persistent and transient inefficiencies. Persistent inefficiencies stem from fundamental flaws in production processes or ongoing managerial shortcomings, requiring long-term strategic interventions. Transient inefficiencies, however, result from irregular setbacks that can be swiftly addressed, causing temporary efficiency dips. Focusing on the decade from 2010 to 2019, we investigated how business models, mergers, and upgauging influence these inefficiencies. Our results reveal that 21.2% of the overall technical inefficiency can be accounted for by persistent inefficiency. Despite the U.S. airline industry improving transient inefficiency during the sample period, prevailing persistent inefficiency hindered any significant rise in overall efficiency. The research shows that full-service airlines (FSA) and low-cost carriers (LCC) often exhibit higher persistent and transient efficiency than ultra-low-cost carriers (ULCC). However, there seem to be no significant differences in transient and persistent inefficiency between FSA and LCC. Additionally, the results suggest that the upgauging and higher ramp-to-ramp hours may lead to higher transient efficiency. Finally, we could not find any influence of mergers and stage length on transient inefficiency. • 21.2% of overall technical inefficiency stems from persistent inefficiency. • Persistent inefficiency remains a key obstacle for the U.S. airline industry despite transient improvements. • FSAs and LCCs consistently outperform ULCCs in persistent and transient efficiency. • There is no significant difference in both persistent and transient efficiency between FSAs and LCCs. • Upgauging and higher ramp-to-ramp hours lead to higher transient efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Munich International Airport (MUC) is a major European hub that, in 2023, served 219 destinations in 64 countries by 99 airlines. Like many airports throughout the industry, MUC has been affected by staff shortages and has explored ways to improve efficiencies while maintaining safety and security. This paper describes a project to automate a process for random assignment of airport staff and airline crews to alternative screening areas at a control point. The paper explains the approach taken from concept design through implementation, including the challenges faced, the lessons learned and ultimately, the success achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the impact of Customer-based Brand Equity (CBBE) on passengers' Willingness to Pay Premium (WPP) for airline tickets, comparing low-cost and flag airlines. The research is prompted by the competitive nature of the industry and the need to comprehend passenger preferences, focusing on brand image, brand awareness, and service attributes as key variables influencing CBBE. The survey data collected from 489 recent travelers were analyzed through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) and Multigroup Analysis (MGA), generating two quantitative analyses: first, the model was analyzed for airlines in general, and second, a multi-group analysis was performed to understand how the model behaves through price tiers. The findings indicate the significant influence of the chosen variables on both CBBE and WPP. A distinguishing factor lies in the differentiation between low-cost and flag airlines, revealing differing impacts on CBBE and WPP. This research contributes to the branding literature by expanding CBBE's application to services, especially in the airline sector. It also builds on existing knowledge of WPP's importance in service industries. Segmenting airline price tiers offers actionable insights for management strategies. In conclusion, this study augments the knowledge of CBBE, providing valuable managerial implications, guiding brand-tailored strategies to increase passengers' willingness to pay premium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We theoretically derive an optimal price for a bundle of two goods that are sold in advance to risk‐averse buyers. The theory predicts that a round‐trip ticket is less expensive than two one‐way tickets when demands for the outbound and the inbound are uncertain and positively correlated. Using a unique airlines dataset, we find evidence that is consistent with the theory; round‐trip bundle discounts exist and they are larger for passengers who buy early in advance, stay on a Saturday night, and have higher valuations. We also find that the bundle discounts decrease with competition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the legal framework governing cross-border operations of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS), highlighting the pressing need for a unified regulatory environment to match the rapid advancements in UAS technology. As UAS operations increasingly align with international air services, this study draws parallels between UAS governance and the regulation of airlines, which are currently authorized to provide international air services under air transport agreements. The analysis focuses on the applicability of both international law and EU regulations to UAS operations, particularly in the context of scheduled, non-scheduled, and cabotage services. It examines certification and licensing requirements under EU regulations, identifying their potential to serve as models for future international standards. Overall, this study contributes to the understanding of regulatory challenges and opportunities, emphasizing the importance of harmonized global standards for the effective integration of UAS into international aviation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To comprehensively improve the whole-process efficiency and quality of airline food, this paper introduced the special characteristics of airline food regarding the nutrition, safety, and flavor under high altitude conditions, especially the changes in passengers' perception of food. The novel technologies and initiatives for quality control throughout the entire supply chain, from processing to cold chain logistics and to the supervision of finished products were described systematically. Furthermore, the development trends of the airline food industry were discussed, including raw material traceability, intelligent production modes, functional packaging innovation, and development of reheating technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]