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This study aims to measuring the impact of content marketing via social media on women's purchasing intention towards cosmetics with attitudes as intervening variable; the study focus on Algerian women who use cosmetics. Data was gathered via a questionnaire from 345 participants and analyzed using the Smart PLS statistical program. Finding indicate a significant influence of content marketing dimensions (emotion, credibility, interaction, share) on women's attitudes and purchasing intentions regarding cosmetics, except for value and relevance dimensions, which show no effect. Additionally, women's attitudes significantly impact their purchasing intentions. Therefore, companies in the cosmetics industry should meticulously craft a content marketing strategy based on specific dimensions and consistently assess its efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During World War II police officers in Marseille and Algiers relentlessly hunted Algerian black market operatives. Hundreds of reports from these two cities detail the actions taken to prevent individuals from selling contraband goods, exceeding fixed market prices, or ignoring rationing protocols. Long-standing colonial stereotypes had labeled Algerians as prone to theft and violence, but the economic restrictions of war created a new category of the imagined Algerian criminal: the black market trafficker. In police reports the figure of the Algerian profiteer is omnipresent, but internal communications acknowledged that Europeans profited from the black market, too. Why, then, the fixation on Algerians? This article argues that police developed a narrative of Algerians as "internal enemies" of France. Their underlying suspicion of Algerians endured throughout World War II even as governments rose and fell in France and loyalties of the entire nation shifted. In treating Algerians as threats to national security, the police justified a system of control that homogenized the Algerian community along racial lines. The racialized policing of "anti-French" Algerian traffickers built not just on visual codes of race but also on how police practice mapped ideas of race onto the space of the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to examine the long-term impact of leader–member exchange (LMX) on employee safety behavior. It proposes a conceptual model that includes the mediating role of job satisfaction (JS) in the relationship between LMX and safety behaviors, regarding safety compliance behavior (SCB) and safety participation behavior (SPB). Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected from 325 health-care workers across public hospitals in Algeria at three waves. Data were analyzed with partial least square structural equation modeling. Findings: The findings revealed that LMX positively influenced employees' job satisfaction. However, the relationship between LMX and SCB was found to be mediated by job satisfaction. LMX was not directly related to both dimensions of safety behavior, whereas JS was positively associated with safety compliance and safety participation. Originality/value: This is the first paper, to the best of the authors' knowledge, to report on the significant mediating role of JS on the reciprocal process used to exchange resources between leaders and subordinates and safety behaviors among health-care workers, thereby filling an important research gap in existing literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the earlier literary production of the Moroccan, Algerian and Tunisian Muslim diaspora writing in French and Italian is characterized by its autobiographical overtones, some literary texts written in the twenty-first century have engaged in more experimental enterprises. Kiffe Kiffe demain (2004), originally written in French by Frenchborn Algerian diasporan Faïza Guène, and Divorzio all'islamica a viale Marconi (2010), published in Italian by Algerian-born Amara Lakhous, are two fictions that have achieved international success. This article argues that the tragic and the humorous are interwoven in the two texts by investigating Guène and Lakhous's depiction of Muslimness as both a source of torment and exhilarating humour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the history of adult vocational training (AVT) programs for Algerian migrants, funded by the French state, between the end of World War II in 1945 and the aftermath of Algerian independence in 1962. These programs responded to the postwar expansion of citizenship and rights of indigenous Algerians, including rights to migrate and to take jobs in metropolitan France. Across changing governments and diverse ministries, French officials were convinced that vocational training was necessary for indigenous Algerians to find stable employment, to mitigate the supposed risks of migration, and to enable migrants to transform themselves into an idealized version of the French citizen. The widespread adoption of AVT for Algerian migrants calls into question the pervasive image of the unskilled, interchangeable migrant. At the same time, the shortcomings of AVT programs shed light on how migrants frequently contributed to postwar economic expansion and economic modernization while enjoying the fruits of economic growth only meagerly and on an individual basis. More broadly, this study reveals the importance of skill, industry, and labor in French postwar conceptions of (social) citizenship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our objective was to see if there were any differences between (HLAB27-) and (HLAB27+) individuals with ankylosing spondylitis in Western Algeria.291 patients diagnosed with (AS) at the level of rehabilitation department of (Sidi-bel-Abbes University Hospital ) were enrolled. The studied parameters were: age, gender, disease duration, age onset of disease, morning stiffness, joint and extraarticular injuries, laboratory data, disease activity, and treatments. All data were processed and analyzed via EXCEL and SPSS 22.0 (Statistical Package for the 44 Social Sciences, IBM Corporation; Chicago, IL. August 2013). Most of patients were HLAB27positive (70.79%), the mean age of disease age onset was earlier in the (HLAB27) positive group 29.46±8.99 VS 31.89±10.98 years (p= 0.001) and the morning stifness was higher in the (HLAB27) positive group 26.43 ±28.05 VS 22.00±23.36 Min. Moreover, patients with positive (HLAB27) suffer from uveitis more than patients with negative (HLAB27) 72(35.4%) VS 27(31.8%), the inflammatory parameters was higher in HLAB27 positive group and Smoking was mostly noted in this group of patients (P=0.024). Disease activity indices were significantly greater in group of positive (HLAB27) with (BASDAI) p=0.019, (ASDASCRP) p=0.007. Regarding medical treatment, Sulfasalazine and Humira were the most commonly used drugs for both groups .The presence of the (HLAB27) antigen is linked to an early start of ankylosing spondylitis in Algerian patients, as well as a high incidence of uveitis, inflammatory parameters, and disease activity indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various body indicators are used to predict health risks. However, controversies still exist regarding the best indicators to predict CVD. Using a large number of measurements, our aim was to assess their associations with blood pressure (BP) and to identify the most relevant parameters to be used in health surveillance studies. The population included 589 students (67·2 % women) aged 20–25 years from Constantine (Algeria). Sixteen parameters were considered, including crude body measurements, ratios and body fat indicators based on bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). We used multi-adjusted linear regression models to assess the associations between body measurements and BP. According to WHO definitions, underweight, overweight-without obesity, obesity and hypertension (HT) were identified in 6·1, 18·0, 2·4 and 5·1 % of the subjects, respectively. Prevalence of HT was higher in men than in women (11·9 % v. 1·8 %; P < 0·001). In the whole sample, almost all indicators were positively associated with systolic and diastolic BP. The suprailiac skinfold had the strongest associations with systolic (β = 3·498; P < 0·001) and diastolic (β = 2·436; P < 0·001) BP, and as a whole, arm circumferences and weight were also good candidates. The currently used BMI, waist-to-hip, waist-to-height ratio and BIA indictors also predicted BP, but they did not seem to be better determinants of BP than crude anthropometric measurements. This study showed that overweight and HT were already found in the present population of young Algerian adults. Most body indicators were highly associated with BP, but simple anthropometric measurements appeared to be particularly useful to predict BP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the objectivity, reliability, and the validity of the Basketball Throw Test (BTT) as an upper-body muscular strength measure. Participants (33 boys and 32 girls; mean age = 8.75 ± 1.47) performed the BTT on 2 occasions (1-week apart), and the hand-grip test as criterion measure. The objectivity and reliability were estimated using an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1) and graphically examined according to the Bland-Altman approach. Pearson correlation coefficient and the known-differences method was employed to determine validity. The BTT demonstrated high objectivity ICC2,1 = 0.90 (95% CI, 0.84–0.94), reliability ICC2,1 = 0.91 (95% CI, 0.86–0.95) and validity (r = 0.77, p <.001). The Bland–Altman method graphically confirmed intraclass correlation data. The significant difference in the BTT scores between 6-year-old children (1.61 ± 0.23) and 10-year-old children (t = −12.64, p <.001) provided additional support of validity. The BTT test is a feasible measure of upper-body muscular strength in school-aged children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using Lacanian theory, I argue that Leila Sebbar's Sherazade depicts Orientalist representation which gave a false image and identity to Algerian women. The fact that representation is no longer about the referent but rather more on concepts makes us misrecognize our own identity especially when it is imposed upon us by other people. In order to understand our position, Lacanian split subject will enable us to recognize the false images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is chronic inflammatory rheumatism. The Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase (ERAP1) gene is considered the second genetic factor associated with (AS) after HLA-B27. The aim of this study was to assess the role of ERAP1 rs30187 and rs10050860 polymorphisms in susceptibility to AS for the first time in the Algerian population. A total of one hundred sixteen controls and eighty-one AS cases were included in the present study. ERAP1 rs30187 and rs10050860 variants were determined by using the real‐time polymerase chain reaction method. Differences in allele and genotype distribution between the cases and controls were tested with adjustment for age. A stratification of case and control groups by HLAB27, age (≤30 or >30), gender (male and female) and clinical characteristics were also performed. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS21.0. No statistically significant association was observed between ERAP1 rs30187 and rs10050860 polymorphisms and AS risk (p<0.025). However, stratification by age and gender showed that the minor allele of rs30187 reduces the risk of developing AS in women with age >30 (OR=0.13[0.04-0.39], p =6.10-5), TT genotype (OR=0.09[0.01-0.6], p=5.10-3) and dominant model (TT+CT) (OR=0.14[0.03-0.6], p= 4.10-3) in a sample of the Algerian population. Indeed, in our study, ERAP1 rs10050860 polymorphism did not predispose us to AS in our population. For the first time, the allelic and genotypic frequencies of ERAP1gene polymorphisms in the Algerian population. This work enriches the library of information about the ERAP1 gene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the experiences of second-generation Algerian immigrants living in Marseille, based on 60 in-depth interviews that focus in particular on several domains suggested by the theories of integration such as sense of belonging, cultural identification, and social interactions. The study reveals the respondents' complex relationship to the principles and values that shape the French integration model, and a predominance of bicultural/hybrid identity among them, comprising French and Algerian cultural elements to different degrees. The descendants of immigrants integrate most of the cultural elements of the country in which they live and grew up, those of the country of origin of their parents, and for many, those of the group of immigrants to which their parents and the people in their neighborhood belong. Finally, this article highlights the existence of a segmented integration according to cultural attachment and the intensity of religious beliefs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the capture of Algiers in 1830, Algerian Muslims and Jews who took refuge in this Ottoman regency could benefit from French consular protection under certain conditions and if they requested it. Few of them accepted being registered in this way. However, in 1865, Napoleon III’s declaration that the Arabs of Algeria were now French nationals, and no longer subjects, led to them hoping for «the right to have rights». The legal recognition of French national affiliation did not allow the Algerian colonised people to become French citizens collectively. However, it provoked a conflict of sovereignty between the French consulate and the bey of Tunis, the victims of which were the French-registered Algerians: some were deported by the Tunisian government to French Algeria, others were «denationalised» by the consulate if they continued to live within the «Tunisian nation».

Focusing on the COVID-19 pandemic, this article explores the Algerian diaspora's impressive outpouring of collective solidarity in the UK and seeks to discover why and how a migrant community previously known for collective mistrust developed such forms of activism. It draws on concepts of diaspora philanthropy, activism and citizenship to understand, firstly, how diasporas might be enabled or hindered, in supporting their communities and then the wider impacts of their crisis responses on processes of social change. Drawing on participant observation, interviews and social media from charitable organisations and leading influencers from the Algerian community in the UK, it explores a wide range of remarkable initiatives to support vulnerable communities, predominantly in London during the pandemic. Motivations and facilitating factors of this solidarity included emerging trust in local elites and leaders, Islamic faith, effective engagement in online spaces and pride in a transnational Algerian identity. Seemingly apolitical towards the homeland, this activism is contributing to social transformation within this diasporic group, rebuilding fractured communities and creating new social identities, feelings of belonging and citizenship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article traces the history of specialized social housing for North African families living in shantytowns in Marseille from the early 1950s to the mid-1970s. During the Algerian War, social housing assistance formed part of a welfare network that exclusively sought to "integrate" Algerian migrants into French society. Through shantytown clearance and rehousing initiatives, government officials and social service providers encouraged shantytown-dwelling Algerian families to adopt the customs of France's majority White population. Following the Algerian War, France moved away from delivering Algerian-focused welfare and instead developed an expanded immigrant welfare network. Despite this shift, some officials and social service providers remained fixated on the presence and ethno-racial differences of Algerians and other North Africans in Marseille's shantytowns. Into the mid-1970s, this fixation shaped local social assistance and produced discord between the promise and implementation of specialized social housing that hindered shantytown-dwelling North African families' incorporation into French society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research framework: Young Algerians under the age of thirty are considered as an “invisible” population because they are the first to be affected by the unemployment crisis. This crisis leads to multiple exclusions and numerous precariousnesses and contributes to making a visible population invisible. Objectives: This paper aims to document and better understand the subjective representations of “home” among young Algerian under the age of 30 who are considered as an “invisible” population, as well as to analyze the concept of “home” from a micro-sociological perspective and to go beyond general representations in order to gain a true understanding of the different dimensions associated with it. Methodology: Based on three qualitative research studies, this article is based on semi-structured interviews with young Algerian adults (aged 18 to 30 years old), in Annaba and Oran, at different times (2009-2010, 2017 and 2020). The comprehensive socio-anthropological approach allows us to understand the concept of “home” at different levels of analysis, in particular to grasp individual and collective representations as well as issues related to spatial, social and identity dimensions. Results: Subjective representations of “home” highlight the dimension of identity in an individual and collective perspective. Thus, “home” represents an active construction, based on personal and collective goals, imaginations and ideals. Conclusions: The concept of “home” is a process related to a subjective reality rather than an objective social fact. The subjective nature of people’s experience is central to this work, as it allows for different dimensions of “home” to be brought together. Contribution This article is a theoretical and practical analysis of the concept of “home” which is situated in an in-between (inside/outside) where the needs of individualization and socialization clash.

Copyright of Enfances, Familles, Generations is the property of Enfances, Familles, Generations and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article looks at the process through which the Ibadi Mzabi community in the Algerian desert "minoritized" itself during the colonial period, leading into the 1948 elections to represent the Mzab Valley on the newly created Algerian Assembly. This representation legally and effectively incorporated the Mzab into French Algeria and ended its special status as a French protectorate. Mzabi self-minoritization, Ghazal argues, was a process of performative differentiation based on a sectarian identity. It was initiated by the colonized and negotiated with the colonizer, emerging at the intersection of colonialism and the institutionalization of political representation in colonial Algeria. Ghazal defines this process as self-minoritization to attribute a proactive role for, and more agency to, the colonized in claiming a "minority" identity and negotiating a special status within the colonial order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Memory of War, the War of Memory: Social Memory of the War in Algeria in Relations Between France and the Algerian Immigrants The year 2012 marks the 50th anniversary of the official end of the Algerian war. The memory of this conflict and other events in France which accompanied it is still alive in French society. After many years of oblivion and lack of interest from the highest authorities, this conflict once again becomes the subject of great controversy and heated debate. The disputes focus on the four groups: the French born in Algeria, the Algerians cooperating with the French troops during the war, the other Algerian immigrants and, finally, the former military personnel serving in Algeria. Each group has its own perspective of the events, whereas the politicians try to exploit the memory of the war in the ongoing disputes concerning the integration of the immigrants and the riots in the suburbs. All of this means that even after 50 years the issue of the Algerian war is still evoking new conflicts.

Copyright of Revue Académique des Études Sociales et Humaines is the property of Hassif Benbouali University of Chlef and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article considers the development of hospitals and their funding mechanisms across the Ottoman imperial (ca. 1516–1830) and French colonial (1830–1962) states in Algeria. The first section of the article describes Islamic welfare structures introduced under the stewardship of the Ottoman Empire, and explains how these were appropriated, outlawed and reconfigured in the wake of the French invasion of Algiers. The second section discusses French and colonial policies on assistance publique (public assistance) and their implementation in rural zones of Algeria in the early decades of the twentieth century to create segregated infirmeries indigènes ('native' infirmaries). The third section of the article examines how officials contrived to limit the role of the state in financing hospitals by increasing taxes on ordinary Algerians, especially taxes based on Ottoman precedents. The final section uses financial audits conducted by the Cour des comptes (Court of Audit) in Paris, along with other administrative records, to reveal how revenues misrepresented as Islamic were spent, including their use to reduce the tax liabilities of elites associated with the French colonial state. This case shows the enduring importance of Ottoman and Islamic infrastructures to French colonial welfare in Algeria and helps open Algeria up for comparison with the politics of welfare provision in other imperial and post-imperial states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Economic Researcher Review is the property of Association of Arab Universities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of African Journal of Reproductive Health is the property of Women's Health & Action Research Centre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Académique des Études Sociales et Humaines is the property of Hassif Benbouali University of Chlef and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revue Académique des Études Sociales et Humaines is the property of Hassif Benbouali University of Chlef and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant activities of six medicinal plants growing in Algerian Aurès Mountains. Total phenolic and flavonoids contents were measured using colorimetric methods, and the antioxidant capacities were evaluated using the DPPH radical scavenging and β-carotene bleaching tests. Juniperus phoenica L. had significantly the higher total phenolic compounds (53.6±3.86 mg GAE.g-1 DM) (p<0.05); followed by Romarinus officinalis L. (26.1±3.15 mg GAE.g-1 DM) and Artemisia campestris L. (20.5±1.99 mg GAE.g-1 DM). Artemisia campestris L. had significantly the higher flavonoid contents (11.1±0.56 mg QE.g-1 DM) than other studied plants (p<0.05). The best antiradical activity was observed in Thymus algeriensis extracts (EC50=11.1±0.33 µg.ml-1) and Romarinus officinalis L. (EC50=15.3±0.9 µg.ml-1). β-carotene bleaching test showed that the herbs' phenolic compounds Antioxidant Activity (AA%) value was found in the range of 64-84%, whereas that of the standard antioxidant ascorbic acid was 51±2.4%. The present results indicate that medicinal plants from the Algerian Aurès mountains could be explored in food and pharmaceutical industries for development of natural's antioxidant agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mental health professionals using the DSM-5 and ICD-11 are allowed to describe personality disorders in terms of trait domain qualifiers (i.e., Negative Affectivity, Detachment, Antagonism/Dissociality, Disinhibition, Anankastia, and Psychoticism). The present study sought to evaluate the structural validity of both DSM-5 and ICD-11 traits in Algerian culture. Algerian university students (N = 638; 67.9% women) were administered the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 – Brief Form (PID-5-BF). The expected empirical domain organization of DSM-5 and ICD-11 traits was examined using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) followed by a post hoc confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). As anticipated, the five-factor pattern overall corresponded to the five DSM-5 trait domains, including a domain of Psychoticism. Likewise, the four-factor structure overall aligned with the ICD-11 trait domain qualifiers, including a single factor denoting Disinhibition versus low Anankastia. However, a few items showed less adequate functioning across the two models, possibly due to cultural differences. Findings provided some support for the structural validity of DSM-5 and ICD-11 personality disorder trait models in Algerian culture, and the trait patterns overall resembled international findings on DSM-5 and ICD-11 trait domains. Future research warrants replication in clinical populations, and association with various health outcomes should be explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores a controversy that struck the French family association in the Moroccan town of Oujda in 1948. In 1941, the French administration introduced a wide array of family benefits designed to support French families and encourage French population growth in the protectorate. Initial attempts at maintaining the racially-exclusive character of this policy did not last long. Due to legal reforms introduced in France, Algerians who migrated to Morocco could claim these family benefits and hold leadership positions in family associations due to their status as French citizens. This situation became particularly contentious in the border town of Oujda where, it was alleged, a local communist managed to take over the local family association by recruiting Algerians from across the border with promises of family benefits and securing their support in return. When French officials disbanded the organization, the disgraced president contested this decision, turned the scandal into a fight for Algerian rights and denunciation of French imperialism, and then disappeared under mysterious circumstances. The scandal involving the AFF in Oujda is revealing of ongoing concerns about shifting demographics, clandestine movement across the Algerian border, demands for rights, and concerns about communism in the years prior to decolonization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous development of the international market, third world countries find themselves having to face the effects of globalization and fight against international companies. Third world countries' local industries and companies must catch up with the current technologies and strategies to be able to stand a chance in the current world set up and ensure their financial security and maintain their share of the local market. North African companies and in particular Algerian companies started to organize regular meetings and workshops to stay up to date with the modern ways of management, reducing costs and having an efficient process. This became an essential point for the Algerian companies to survive globalization and the presence of international companies in the local market. Supply chain management, according to the literature reviews, proved to be a great success influencer in this matter. Algerians small and mid-sized companies are now moving toward the usage of supply chain management to decrease their operational costs as well as their overall costs, increase their market share, improve their financial turnaround, and ensure their safety in the tight competition from the big conglomerates of multinational companies. The aim of this paper is to study and highlight the impact of supply chain management on the processes of the Algerian small and mid-sized companies. The impact will be measured by financial data provided by the company "El Auras" in a comparative table showcasing the difference between the financial data before and after the implementation of supply chain management. To backup the numbers, a non-instructed interview has been carried at the company, a total of 22 managers from different departments participated in the interview process; the results were coded and labelled using Nvivo software to easily analyze them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue Universitaire des Sciences Humaines et Sociales is the property of University of Kasdi Merbah Ouargla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Privileged interface between empire and metropolis, from 1945 to 1954, the city of Marseille represents a remarkable observatory of analysis in the role played by the Algerians in the social struggles. Taking advantage of the Phocaean city political ecosystem, in theory propitious to the collective action, to what extent the Algerians manage to invest and appropriate the public space in order to use it at the service of their political, economic and social demands? Besides the resources traditionally used by the historian, the tools of geography are essential to analyse the forms and the explanations of fluctuating sociopolitical mobilizations across the territory of Marseille.

This paper explores the diplomatic and cultural dimensions of Algerian family migration to France in the decade following Algerian independence in 1962. During the ‘Thirty Glorious Years’ of economic growth (1945–73), French industries came to rely on Algerian (male) labour, and successive administrations welcomed their wives and children. After Algerian independence, however, this welcome shifted. As French and Algerian diplomats circumscribed family migration to prevent permanent migration, so too did social workers and French administrators emphasise the family unit as the primary locus of integration (or, in contrast, maladaptation). The paper illuminates how the idea of family stability proved incapable of easing the minds of French and Algerian administrators who, for their own reasons, saw families as a particular problem. The paper then investigates the role social aid associations for Algerian wives and families played in accentuating families’ perceived failures to acculturate. Algerian families found themselves caught in legislative loopholes for resettlement, and, once in France, measured against a colonial-era definition of integration designed to prevent their inclusion. In this account, families (and not single male workers) and cultural exclusion (and not economic contraction) furnished the logic for limiting Algerian migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Al Zakra / Dakira is the property of University of Kasdi Merbah Ouargla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

According to the 'French Republican integration pattern' – based on the principle of colour-blind universality – naming people using ethnic or racial references is illegal in the administration's documentation as well as in the census. Yet, aspects of the colonial rights system were adopted into the French Republican ideology, thereby constituting a very specific relationship between nationality and citizenship in the administrative management of colonial natives on French mainland soil. This paper reveals the ambiguities of the Republican ideas when they were implemented by street-level administrators within Lyon's metropolitan area (1950–1970). Examining the administration's documentation in the Archives of the Rhône Department (ARD), this paper demonstrates how the Ministry of the Interior took leadership in the welfare sector, especially in housing and urban policies. Its role and work built upon the roots of institutionalized racism which accompanied the settlement of Algerian populations in France, even after Algeria's independence (1962). By institutionalizing racial treatment, the successive administrations in charge of housing and urban policies within the Lyon metropolitan area have contributed to the legitimization of an ideology of segregation based on opposing aims: on the one hand, the mixing and coexistence of different cultural and ethnic groups, and on the other hand, the adherence to a supposed 'tolerability threshold' using arbitrarily developed quotas for the settlement of Algerians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to evaluate in an Algerian pediatric population the diagnostic performances of the IDEIA HpStAR noninvasive stool antigen test (Oxoid, Cambridge, UK) to detect Helicobacter pylori infection before and after eradication therapy. A prospective study including 158 symptomatic Algerian children was conducted. Patients were initially diagnosed with invasive (culture, histology, and rapid urease test) and noninvasive tests (urea breath test and IDEIA HpStAR test). Infected patients were treated, and 101 were controlled after treatment with two invasive (culture and histology) and two noninvasive tests (urea breath test and IDEIA HpStAR test). In Algerian children, the IDEIA HpStAR test showed good performances for initial detection of H. pylori infection and also for subsequent control of eradication treatment. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of IDEIA HpStAR test before treatment were 93.6%, 100%, 100%, 87.3%, and 96%, respectively, and those after treatment were 100, 92.8, 78.6, 100, and 94.2%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]