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In this study, dynamically vulcanized thermoplastic elastomer nanocomposites consisting of polypropylene (PP) as the thermoplastic matrix, ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber as the dispersed phase, and needle-like cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were investigated. The two polymers were melt blended in a ratio of 70/30 (PP/EPDM) and 60/40% w/w (PP/EPDM) together with CNC (2, 3, and 5 phr) and sulfur-curing system. The potential of EPDM-g-MA and PP-gMA's as interfacial compatibilizers for enhancing interfacial interactions between components and partitioning of CNC between the two polymer phases was examined by measuring the decrease in the size of EPDM particles. The resulting thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPV) were characterized using a melt rheometric mechanical spectrometer (RMS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and tensile tests. The inclusion of any type of interfacial compatibilizers led to enhanced tensile properties when compared to the samples lacking compatibilizers in both TPVs and TPEs in different ratios. EPDM-g-MA was found to be more effective for 60/40% w/w (PP/EPDM) TPVs, while PP-g-MA showed higher potential for 70/30% w/w TPVs. The CNCreinforced TPVs displayed higher melt elasticity than their unloaded counterparts. These nanocomposites also showed reduced EPDM particle size, enhanced Young modulus, and a higher degree of crystallinity. Highlights * Nanocomposite thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs): polypropylene (PP)/ ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM)/cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) with matrix-dispersed morphology. * Interfacial enhancement: Compared EPDM grafted maleic anhydride (EPDM-g-MA) and PP-g-MA potentials. * Tensile properties: EPDM-g-MA is more effective in higher rubber content TPVs. * Mechanical enhancements: Improved properties and Young's modulus in CNC-filled TPVs. * Diverse applications: PP/EPDM/CNC nanocomposites in auto, electrical, electronic, and packaging industries. KEYWORDS cellulose nanocrystal, dynamically vulcanized, ethylene propylene diene monomer, interfacial compatibilizer, polypropylene, thermoplastic elastomer, 1 | INTRODUCTION A 'polymer blend' refers to a material resulting from the combination of two or more structurally different polymers, this blending technique, commonly employed for cost-effective enhancement of [...]

Using proposed system psychologists can use technology to make decisions which can provide ease for both patients and psychologists. Psychologists can check the progress of patients by analysing emotions reports of patient over time. Using historical data and emotion detection technology psychologists can make more accurate decisions. Using proposed system patient and psychologists don’t have to go to anywhere they only need a device and internet. Based on the characteristics of patient emotion psychologist only need report generated by system and prescribe medicine in emergency situation. Proposed system improves consultancy method by using machine learning emotion detection algorithm. Proposed system detects facial emotion of patient by using CNN with HAAR cascade classifier. We use FER 2013 dataset to train our model. We use VGG 19 architecture to train our model for optimization function to enhance the accuracy of model. We use RELU. We use DJANGO framework for integration with frontend. Result of our model on dataset 82.3% after find tuning the accuracy goes to 82.3% to 92%. We use recall and F1 method to check the performance of model. We trained model on the testing dataset which have gray scale images and 48*48pixel images to achieve his performance. To achieve our accuracy goal, we split dataset into trainee validation and testing dataset. We use CNN and achieve 93% accuracy in our system which help patient to get feedback only selected question and psychologist. Patients select psychologist to answer questions of psychologist system stores emotions of patient against every question to generate emotion report. Psychologist can analyze emotion report to provide better prescription to patient.

Abstract This paper presents a tunable, single-mode narrowband optical filter designed for terahertz applications utilizing graphene nanoribbons. To attain optimal conditions, the filter was devised in three steps. It is composed of two input and output waveguides and a T-shaped resonator with nanoscale dimensions. The transmission spectrum analysis employs the three-dimensional finite difference time domain and coupled mode theory methods. Tunability is achieved through the adjustment of the nanoribbon size and the chemical potential of graphene. The filter demonstrates remarkable performance metrics, including a maximum transmission spectrum efficiency of 99%, a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 0.115 THz, a quality factor (Q-factor) of 100, and a free spectral range (FSR) of 45 THz. The presented structure holds significant promise for integrated optical components and compact optical devices, showcasing its applicability in the terahertz frequency range. Furthermore, the inherent sensitivity of this structure to changes in the refractive index of the substrate positions it as a potential sensor.

The study of insect morphology has recently benefited greatly from the emergence of new digital imaging and analysis technologies such as X-ray Micro-computed tomography (μ-CT), digital 3D reconstruction, and animation. Through interactive gaming and virtual reality, the external morphology of insects can be studied by a broad audience of both entomologists and non-specialists. EntomonVR is a serious game designed to investigate the external morphology of insects with adequate quality for the virtual reality platform. In this research, we discuss the advantages of virtual reality, introduce the EntomonVR new educational game, and conclude about future perspectives, validations, and cost-effectiveness. We tested this game on 25 participants with an entomological background for assessment and improved it based on their feedback. This study demonstrates the efficacy of virtual reality technology for an experimental learning environment in teaching the morphology of insects and the crucial need for advancing an efficient and interactive educational program.

Different cultivars of a host plant can have an important effect on the behavioral charectristics of natural enemies. In this ‎study, the effect of three wheat cultivars (Ehsan, Morvarid, and Tirgan) on functional responses of 4th instar larvae and adult ‎males and females of Hippodamia variegata Goeze on different‏ ‏densities (2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32, 64, 96, 128, and 160) of 4-d-old ‎nymphs of Schizaphis graminum Rondani‏ ‏was studied. The experiments were conducted at 25±2 ˚C, 65±5% RH and 16L:8D h ‎photoperiod. The logistic regression analyses revealed that the functional responses of different growth stages of H. variegata ‎to S. graminum on differen wheat cultivars were type II. According to the results, the highest attack rate was estimated for 4th ‎instar larvae of H. variegata on Ehsan and Tirgan cultivars (0.152 and 0.154 h-1, respectively). Also, the lowest handling time ‎‎(0.127 h) was valued for 4th instar larvae on Ehsan cultivar. The predation rate of 4th instar larvae of H. variegata was also ‎highest on Ehsan cultivar. The results of this study revealed the high efficiency of 4th instar larvae of H. variegata in feeding ‎on S. graminum on Ehsan cultivar followed by Tigasn and Morvarid cultivars. Similar results were obtained for adult femles ‎and males of the predator. However, further studies are necessary to evaluate the effect of these cultivars on searching ‎bahavior and consumption rate of different stages of H. variegata on S. graminum under natural conditions. ‎

Background and purpose: Self-care is recognized as a fundamental approach in the field of providing, maintaining, and promoting health in individuals, families, and society. Providing essential training in the field of self-care is one of the important tasks of primary health service systems to the community, including household health ambassadors. On the other hand, determining the educational needs of self-care in each society should be based on the educational needs assessment in the same society. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the educational priorities of self-care using the educational needs assessment of health ambassadors. Materials and methods: The current study is a cross-sectional study (descriptive-analytical). The research community included household health ambassadors living in the Golestan and Mazandaran provinces. Entry criteria included being family health ambassadors, being between the ages of 20 and 60, and volunteering to enter the program. Also, the exclusion criteria included the health ambassador's unwillingness to participate in the evaluation. The study tools included a demographic questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire on "self-care educational needs" for health ambassadors. The health ambassadors' needs assessment questionnaire was the result of self-care educational priorities based on a general survey of the community, which was scored by the health ambassadors. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20 software. U-Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to analyze the data. Results: Results showed that the average age of health ambassadors participating in the study was 38.11±9.64 years. 987 people (57.8 percent) of them were health ambassadors of Golestan province and 721 people (42.2 percent) of them were health ambassadors of Mazandaran province. Also, concerning the participants' gender, 1439 people (84.3%) were women and 269(15.7%) were men. The educational needs assessment showed the top 10 priorities among self-care education topics determined by household health ambassadors, including stress and anxiety, healthy eating, life skills, parenting skills, water hygiene, inactivity, depression, skeletal problems, and lack of vitamins. , and oral and dental health. It was also shown that there is a statistically significant difference between different subgroups of participants such as gender, place of residence, education level, occupation, and ethnicity with self-care educational priorities in household health ambassadors (P

Kourcheshmeh Pb-Zn-Cu deposit is located 40 km southwest of Takestan (Qazvin province) and west of the Mardabad-Bouinzahra volcanic belt. The mineralization occurred as Pb-Zn-Cu-bearing quartz veins hosted by early-middle Eocene tuff and lava strata and show a close spatial relationship with the middle Eocene pyroxene quartz monzodiorite body. The main ore vein ranges from 70 to 200 meters long, and 0.5 to 2 meters thick. Pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, and tennantite-tetrahedrite, accompanied by minor pyrolusite and psilomelane, are the main ore minerals; quartz, calcite, siderite, barite, and sericite-illite are gangue minerals. Goethite, cerussite, smithsonite, malachite, and covellite are formed by supergene processes. The ore minerals formed as disseminated, vein-veinlets, brecciated, comb, crustiform, colloform, plumose, and vug infill textures. Six stages of mineralization can be distinguished at Kourcheshmeh, where Pb-Zn-Cu mineralization occurred as quartz-pyrite-chalcopyrite-galena-sphalerite ± tennantite-tetrahedrite veins and breccias in the second stage. Wall-rock alteration comprises silicification, intermediate argillic, carbonate, and propylitic alteration. Chondrite–normalized trace elements and REE patterns of ore samples, pyroxene quartz monzodiorite body, and fresh host acidic crystal tuff are comparable. This specifies that alteration and leaching of elements from the host volcanic rocks are involved in mineralization. Features of the Kourcheshmeh Pb-Zn-Cu deposit are similar to the intermediate-sulfidation type of epithermal deposits. Introduction The Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc is a significant metalliferous province in Iran that hosts numerous Cu-Mo (Au) porphyry deposits (i.e., Sar Cheshmeh, Meiduk, Darreh-Zar, Chah-Firouzeh, Sarkuh, Iju, Aliabad, Kahang, and Dalli; McInnes et al., 2003; Zarasvandi et al., 2005; Taghipour et al., 2008; Ayati et al., 2013; Mirnejad et al., 2013; Aghazadeh et al., 2015; Alirezaei et al., 2017; Mohammaddoost et al., 2017; Golestani et al., 2018; Aliyari et al., 2020; Shafiei Bafti et al., 2022; Mohammaddoost et al., 2023) and epithermal precious and base metal (e.g., Sari Gunay, Touzlar, Chah Zard, Ay Qalasi, Milajerd, Chah-Mesi, and Govin; Richards et al., 2006; Kouhestani et al., 2012; Heidari et al., 2015; Kouhestani et al., 2015; Mohammadi Niaei et al., 2015; Kouhestani et al., 2017; Alipour-Asll, 2019; Zamanian et al., 2020; Altenberger et al., 2022) deposits. The Mardabad-Bouinzahra volcanic belt is located on the northern margin of the Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc. This volcanic belt hosts several Manto-type Cu, and epithermal Au and Pb-Zn-Cu polymetallic deposits/occurrences like as Atash-Anbar, Lak, Deh-Bala, Ipak, Kuh-e Jarou, Rudak, Ghomoshlou, Ghomoshdash, Qezel-Ahmad, Bidestan, Afshar-Abad, Boujafar, Guilan-Darreh, Ramand, Hajib, Chalambar, and Kourcheshmeh (Habibi, 2007; Goodarzi, 2012; Ebrahimi, 2016; Yousefi et al., 2017; Tale Fazel et al., 2022a; Tale Fazel et al., 2022b; Khanahmadlou, 2023). Eocene volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks generally host these deposits and are temporally/spatially associated with middle Eocene intrusions (Kazemi et al., 2022). Kourcheshmeh Pb-Zn-Cu deposit is 40 km southwest of Takestan, Qazvin province, and part of the Mardabad-Bouinzahra volcanic belt. Despite the presence of ancient and new mining activities in the Kourcheshmeh area, no comprehensive studies have been conducted on the geology, mineralogy, geochemistry, and genesis of the Kourcheshmeh deposit. In this contribution, we investigate the detailed geology, mineralogy, structure and texture, geochemistry, and alteration styles of the Kourcheshmeh deposit to constrain its ore genesis and mineralization evolution. These outcomes might be useful for the regional exploration of epithermal base and precious metal deposits in the Mardabad-Bouinzahra volcanic belt and other parts of the Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc. Materials and Methods During the fieldwork conducted on the Kourcheshmeh deposit, the following activities were carried out: - Preparation of a geological map, scale 1:5000, of the Kourcheshmeh deposit. - Collect approximately fifty samples from rock units, ore veins, and breccias. - Examination of seven thin sections and eighteen polished thin sections using a transmitted and reflected polarized light microscope in the University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran, laboratory. - Analysis of the chemical composition of ore samples (n = 28) and fresh and barren host rocks (n = 2) at the Zarazma Analytical Laboratories, Tehran, Iran, using XRF and ICP–MS methods. Results and Discussion The rock units outcropped in the Kourcheshmeh deposit comprise the Fajan Formation (conglomerate), Zyarat Formation (nummulitic limestone), Eocene volcanic (basalt, andesitic basalt, basaltic andesite, and megaporphyritic andesite) and volcaniclastic (intermediate crystal lithic tuff, and acidic crystal to lithic crystal tuff) strata, and Eocene-Oligocene (dacite, rhyodacite, rhyolite, and acidic tuff) sequence. The intrusive rock in the Kourcheshmeh area includes the middle Eocene (Kazemi et al., 2022) pyroxene quartz monzodiorite that cut the Eocene volcanic sequences. Mineralization at Kourcheshmeh occurred as Pb-Zn-Cu-bearing quartz veins within the Eocene tuff and lava sequence and is covered by a 3 m thickness of intermediate argillic alteration. The main ore vein has an N100E/70-80NE trend, 70 to 200 meters long, and 0.5 to 2 meters thick. Hydrothermal alteration includes silicification, intermediate argillic, carbonate, and propylitic alteration; the first three are directly linked to base metal mineralization. Pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, tennantite-tetrahedrite, minor pyrolusite, and psilomelane, are the main ore minerals at Kourcheshmeh. Quartz, calcite, siderite, barite, and sericite-illite are gangue minerals. Goethite, cerussite, smithsonite, malachite, and covellite are formed by supergene processes. The ore minerals formed as disseminated, vein-veinlets, brecciated, comb, crustiform, colloform, plumose, and vug-infill textures. The mineralization processes at the Kourcheshmeh deposit can be divided into six stages, as follows: Stage 1: Silicification of host rocks with negligible disseminated pyrite. Stage 2: Quartz vein-veinlets and breccias that comprise mutable volumes of disseminated pyrite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, and minor tennantite-tetrahedrite. This stage is where Pb-Zn-Cu mineralization occurs. Stage 3: Barite vein-veinlets. Stage 4: Carbonate (calcite and siderite) and minor manganese ores (psilomelane, pyrolusite, braunite) as veinlets and vug-infill. Stage 5: Barren post-ore stage represented by calcite vein-veinlets. Stage 6: Supergene processes The Chondrite–normalized trace elements and REE patterns of ore samples, pyroxene quartz monzodiorite body, and fresh host acidic crystal tuff are comparable and show that host rocks are possibly engaged in mineralization. These patterns are almost similar for different ore samples, which can indicate the same mineralization system formed them. Characteristics of the Kourcheshmeh Pb-Zn-Cu deposit are similar to the intermediate-sulfidation type of epithermal deposits.

Manto-type copper mines occur in the Bardaskan-Doruneh copper belt. On the basis of structural sedimentary division of Iran, this belt is located in the northeastern part of the Central Iran. At the southern border of this belt, the Yazd structural block and in the north of it is the Sabzevar subzone. The important regional structures of the region are Doruneh and Taknar faults. The majority of the units in this belt are Tertiary volcanic rocks that is associated with some sedimentary units, also some intrusive units are sometimes visible in the form of dyke and stock structures. The main host-rock of mineralization is conglomerate, which is different in grain size, clasts and cement. The most common sulphide mineral is chalcocite and the most important copper carbonates are malachite and azurite. The intense alteration is not observed in the region, and the chloritic alteration is partial, and the alteration of Fe-Oxide, zeolite, calcite, and silica is just observed locally. Mineral solution is reduced and poor in iron and silica. Introduction Manto type copper deposits in the Bardaskan-Doruneh copper belt, with a length of approximately 60 km in a northeast-southwest direction, host more than ten active copper mines such as Zangalu, Zarmehr, Dahane-Siah, Mehr-Ajin, Mes-e-Sorh, Cheshme Hadi, Nasim, Sepidsarw, Cheshme Marzieh and a number of mineral areas, which according to the characteristics of these types of deposits (location, genetic pattern, geometry, host rock, minerals, etc.) and their similarities with Manto type copper deposits in Chile, Canada and the northern Michigan area, it is called as Manto-copper deposits in Iran. Materials and Methods This research includes two parts of field and laboratory investigations. Field studies were carried out in a region with about 60 km in length. Field operations include surveying and searching the area, sampling and distinguishing rock units and mineralization indicators, as well as important geological features of the area. The number of 20 thin sections for lithological investigations, as well as 20 polished thin sections and 10 blocks of drill cores (examination and study of 20,000 meters of drill core related to Nasim, Zarmehr, Mes-e- Sorkh, Cheshme Hadi and Kimia mines) and surface outcrops for a map of mineralization in the area was prepared and studied. Field surveys were conducted for mineralization controllers and host rock changes in the mining pits of Nasim, Zarmehr, Mes-e-Sorkh and Cheshme Hadi mines. Also, due to the importance of tectonic structures, a structural map of the mines was prepared. Discussion and Results The rock units from old to young include: Basalt, Andesite-Basalt, Andesite, Conglomerate with more volcanic fragments, Limestone, Siltstone, Marl and evaporite sediments including gypsum Marl. The general extension of this lithological sequence is northeast-southwest. Mineralization has occurred within the conglomerate unit. There are different types of conglomerate based on the size of the clasts, the lithology of the clasts, and the cement. The type of conglomerate has a great effect on mineralization and grade changes. Conglomerate is a suitable host for mineralization due to the porosity of the rock. The dip and strike of the ore body follows the dip and strike of the lithological units of the region and the deposit is of the stratibound type. Mineralization zone has a variable thickness between 2 and 6 meters (in some places, the thickness increases due to the action of faults). The dip of the ore body varies in different parts and is between 15 and 80 degrees towards the south and southeast. The mineralization texture is mostly disseminated and veined and is mainly as chalcocite mineral. In some places, due to effect of tectonic forces and the formation of fault structures, the order and sequence of units has been dislocated and messed up. Fault structures: The first group of fault structures with the northeast-east to southwest-west direction are the most important fault structures. These fault structures form the boundary between the Andesite unit and the sedimentary units and in the surface of mineralization outcrop can be seen along its length and it is one of the old structures in the region because it has been cut and dislocated many times by other fault structures. The second group is the north-south oriented structures and caused displacements in the mineralized host unit. This fault system, which itself consists of several parallel fault structures, has caused the creation of secondary spaces and the intensification of mineralization, and as a result, the grade has increased in some parts of the region by joining these parallel faults together and with deepening of the basin the intensity of mineralization has increased. The third group of fault structures with the northwest-southeast direction are right lateral strike-slip and minor left lateral strike-slip faults. These structures are one of the most important fault structures in the region, which displaced the rock units of the region, especially the host of mineralization.

The disordered fibrous networks provide load-bearing and main structural to different biological materials such as soft tissues. These networks display a highly nonlinear stress-strain relationship behavior when subjected to mechanical loads. This nonlinear strain-stiffening behavior is dependent on the network microstructure and properties of constituting fiber. We conduct a comprehensive computational study to characterize the importance of material properties of individual fibers as well as the local connectivity or coordination number and bending rigidity in the overall nonlinear mechanical response of a 3D random fiber network. The presented model shows the nonlinear stiffening with increasing applied shear strain more than critical shear strain. We determine the amount of strain-stiffening as a function of network microstructure parameters and the amount of nonlinearity of the fibers. The results show that the constitutive behavior of fibers displays much more strain-stiffening than networks made up of linear fibers. We find that the importance of the nonlinear reaction of individual fiber materials in the general mechanical behavior of networks becomes more important with increasing network connectivity. Furthermore, the amount of stress created in the network under shear increases with the enhanced connectivity of the network due to an increase in the network stiffness. Our model points to the important role of the mechanical response of individual fiber as well as the microstructure of the network in determining the overall mechanical properties of the 3D random network, which could be used to design and better understand the complex biomimetic network systems such as biological tissues and artificial engineering networks.

Abstract A leading cause of global warming is the increase of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions due to anthropogenic activities which prompts an urgent need for substantial reduction. Recently, CO2 absorption in deep eutectic solvents (DESs) has attracted scientific attention, because of their adaptability compared to traditional ionic liquids and aqueous amine solutions. This study employs the heating method to synthesize DESs using tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPAB) and formic acid (Fa) with molar ratios of TPAB-Fa (1:1) and TPAB-Fa (1:2). Absorption experiments by static method quantified CO2 solubility in the DESs under varied pressures and temperatures. TPAB-Fa (1:2) at 25.0 °C was the most efficient with the CO2 solubility of 0.218. Thermodynamic modeling was performed by employing the nonrandom two liquids activity coefficient model and the Peng–Robinson equation of state for the liquid and gas phases, respectively. The Henry’s law constant was determined from experimental data. CO2 physical absorption was confirmed via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) analyses. TPAB-Fa (1:2), as the superior DES, exhibited regeneration efficiency of 99% after five absorption/desorption cycles.

Abstract Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a ubiquitous non-protein 4-carbon amino acid present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. It is conventionally recognized as a neurotransmitter in mammals and plays a crucial role in plants. The context of this review centers on the impact of GABA in mitigating abiotic stresses induced by climate change, such as drought, salinity, heat, and heavy metal exposure. Beyond its neurotransmitter role, GABA emerges as a key player in diverse metabolic processes, safeguarding plants against multifaceted abiotic as well as biotic challenges. This comprehensive exploration delves into the GABA biosynthetic pathway, its transport mechanisms, and its intricate interplay with various abiotic stresses. The discussion extends to the nuanced relationship between GABA and phytohormones during abiotic stress acclimation, offering insights into the strategic development of mitigation strategies against these stresses. The delineation of GABA's crosstalk with phytohormones underscores its pivotal role in formulating crucial strategies for abiotic stress alleviation in plants.

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is responsible for most cases of food poisoning all around the world. These carriers and manipulated foodstuffs are the main sources of bacteria transmission to ready-to-eat food. This study aims to determine the genetic affinity of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains isolated from cream pastries and workers, nasal of Shiraz city confectioneries. Methods: 30 MRSA strains (7 nasal carriers, 23 food isolates) were selected from the bank of bacteria at Shiraz medical faculty. To determine the genetic affinity of the isolates, RAPD-PCR technique was performed using OLP6, OLP11, and OLP13 primers. RAPD-PCR patterns were analyzed using the software GelJ. Results: By using primer OLP6 only 5 RAPD-PCR patterns were produced from DNA ampliqons of creamy pastry isolates and were not enough to compare the genetic affinity of all the isolates. Based on 100% similarity, OLP13 primer produced 20 different patterns with some bands in the range of 1 to 11, and the OLP11 primer produced 22 patterns with some bands from 3 to 11 bands. At closely and possibly genetically related levels, the isolates are categorized into (13-15) and (1-5) clusters. In general, all the isolates are classified into human and food isolates. Conclusions: There was no genetic affinity of MDSA isolates regarding human and food samples; but, a high percentage of close genetic relationship between the isolates increases the possibility of bacteria transfer from humans to pastries and food poisoning