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In swine farming, animals develop diseases that require the use of antibiotics. In-feed antibiotics as growth promoters have been banned due to the increasing concern of antimicrobial resistance. Seaweeds offer bioactive molecules with antibacterial and antioxidant properties. The aim was to estimate the in vitro properties of seaweed extracts: Ascophyllum nodosum (AN), Palmaria palmata (PP), Ulva lactuca (UL), and 1:1 mixes (ANPP, ANUL, PPUL). Escherichia coli strains were used to test for growth inhibitory activity, and chemical-based assays were performed for antioxidant properties. The treatments were 2 (with/without Escherichia coli) × 2 (F4 + and F18 +) × 5 doses (0, 1.44, 2.87, 5.75, 11.50, and 23.0 mg/mL). Bacteria were supplemented with seaweed extracts, and growth was monitored. The antioxidant activity was assessed with 6 doses (0, 1, 50, 100, 200, 500, and 600 mg/mL) × 6 compounds using two chemical assays. Data were evaluated through SAS. The results showed that AN and UL significantly inhibited (p

In this research, the hydrogel nanocomposites based on acryl amide containing penicillin 800, 1200, Ag, and ZnO nanoparticles as wound dressing applications have been studied. In this work, the preparation was done via a reaction of optimal values to produce an antibacterial hydrogel nanocomposite. The hydrogel was obtained in an aqueous medium by using reagents such as acrylamide, potassium persulfate, and methylene bisacrylamide crosslinker, Ag, ZnO nanoparticles, and penicillins and then, the products were dried as white powders. The properties such as swelling rate, pH sensitivity, and high water swelling capacity of the swelling rate study of the hydrogel showed a high absorption rate of water in pH about 3–4. The effect of temperature on the percentage of hydrogel swelling was shown to swell with increasing temperature and the absorption capacity of polyacrylamide hydrogels decreased with increasing NaCl concentration. The chemical structure of hydrogel was confirmed by FTIR spectrum, and the morphology of synthesized hydrogel surfaces was studied via SEM. The antibacterial studies were done in blood, agar, chocolate, and Müller medium via three methods, first on gram-negative bacteria E. coli and Klebsiella, second in urine medium, and third in drug medium. This polymeric blend can be used as a new wound dressing compound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work describes an ionizing radiation mediated, toxic solvent free interfacial engineering of a novel Phosphorus-Nitrogen functionalized bifunctional cotton cellulose fabric (BCF) endowed with flame retardant (FR) and antibacterial properties. Monomers bis[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] phosphate (B2MEP) and [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (MAETC) in different proportions were co-grafted onto cellulose fabric via 60Co radiation mediated Simultaneous Irradiation Grafting Process (SIGP) to incorporate Phosphorus and Nitrogen functionalities. Effects of radiation dose, monomer concentration on the grafting yield (GY) were investigated and samples were characterized using TGA, ATR-FTIR, XRD, SEM–EDX, EDXRF, CHN Elemental Analysis and XPS analytical techniques. Limiting oxygen index (IS:13501/ASTM D 2863) and vertical flammability tests (IS11871-1986) were conducted to establish the halogen free, P-N synergistic FR properties of the fabric. All the co-grafted samples were observed to possess LOI values in excess of 30%, while BCF (1:2) (GY = ~ 44%) demonstrated LOI of 32% with the least char length of 74 mm in the vertical flammability tests. Tear strength studies were carried out as per ASTMD 1424-09. Antibacterial assay revealed that the fabric possessed activity against both gram positive (S. aureus) and gram negative (E. coli) organisms, with BCF (1:4) (GY = ~ 48%) demonstrating complete killing of ~ 5 log cycles for both microorganisms in 24 h. BCF retained its FR and antibacterial properties even after multiple washing cycles. With its bonafide green credentials, durability and unique properties, multifunctional BCF fabric prepared under optimized conditions of P/N ratio > 1.7 and GY ~ 45% can be a potential candidate for future applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to improve the antimicrobial and remineralization-promoting properties of mouthwash by synthesizing novel Ag/ZnO/Oyster Shells nanocomposites and evaluating their anti-caries properties and biosafety in vitro and in vivo, so as to reduce the incidence of caries. The antimicrobial properties of the synthesized Ag/ZnO/Oyster Shell nanocomposites were examined by bacterial inhibition zone, minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, fluorescence staining and scanning electron microscopy. The potential of the materials to promote remineralization of demineralized enamel was detected by scanning electron microscopy, surface microhardness and depth of hard tissue defects, and laser confocal electron microscopy analysis. The synthesized materials were then incorporated into mouthwash, and their effects on antimicrobial properties, remineralization-promoting properties were evaluated. Furthermore, an oral mucosal contact model was established to assess local irritation and systemic effects. The results showed that the novel Ag/ZnO/Oyster Shell nanocomposites possessed strong antimicrobial activity, remineralization-promoting ability and good biosafety, and the mouthwash containing Ag/ZnO/Oyster Shell possessed strong antimicrobial performance and remineralization-promoting ability, and showed no obvious abnormalities in local mucosal tissues, blood indices, and histopathology of the liver and kidneys in the oral exposure model of the SD rats. These findings indicate that Ag/ZnO/Oyster shell incorporated into mouthwash has strong antimicrobial activity, good remineralization-promoting properties and good biosafety in vivo. It is therefore expected to be used in clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continuous imbalance of the diabetic wound microenvironment is an important cause of chronic nonhealing, which manifests as a vicious cycle between excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and abnormal healing. Regulating the microenvironment by suppressing wound inflammation, oxidative stress, and bacterial infection is a key challenge in treating diabetic wounds. In this study, ROS‐responsive hydrogels are developed composed of silk fibroin methacrylated (SFMA), modified collagen type III (rCol3MA), and lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). The newly designed hydrogel system demonstrated stable physicochemical properties and excellent biocompatibility. Moreover, the release of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) and puerarin (PUE) demonstrated remarkable efficacy in eradicating bacteria, regulating inflammatory responses, and modulating vascular functions. This multifunctional hydrogel is a simple and efficient approach for the treatment of chronic diabetic infected wounds and holds tremendous potential for future clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Piezocatalytic therapy has aroused considerable attention in the treatment of bacterial infection due to its noninvasive and deep tissue penetration capabilities. The catalytic efficiency, however, is significantly constrained by the insufficient piezoresponse of sonosensitizers at low‐intensity ultrasound (LIU) accompanied poor separation efficiency of charges, resulting in unsatisfactory sterilization. To address the dilemma, a piezocatalytic bio‐heterojunction (P‐bioHJ) consisting of BiOI and few‐layered Mxene is constructed for rapid antibacterial. The engineered P‐bioHJ not merely possesses a relatively narrow‐bandgap for responding to the sonoluminescence emitted by the sonocavitation effect, but rather induces the interfacial polarization and the generation of oxygen vacancies to facilitate the effective separation of carriers, leading to a burst of radicals for rapid sterilization. Transcriptomic analysis reveals that P‐bioHJ instigates sterilization by interfering with bacterial electron transport chain, disrupting both metabolism and energy synthesis. In vitro experiments indicate excellent cytocompatibility of P‐bioHJ. Furthermore, in vivo assays demonstrate that P‐bioHJ exhibits outstanding antimicrobial properties in a cutaneous infection model with LIU, and promotes angiogenesis and osteogenesis in an infectious bone defect model by decorating with naringin. As envisaged, this work offers valuable insight to augment piezocatalytic therapy by harnessing sonocavitation effect, advancing the remediation of infected tissue regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wound infection poses a significant global health threat, as it is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among surgical patients and individuals with burn injuries, resulting in substantial healthcare burdens and devastating outcomes worldwide. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli have frequently been implicated as major pathogens causing wound infections. This has eventually and consistently given rise to antimicrobial resistance divulging a need to mitigate infectious outbreaks. Herein, we employed a computational density functional theory (DFT) method at ωB97XD/6-311++g(d, p) level of theory to evaluate the performance of the thiophene derivative 5-(4-bromo-5-(methylthio)thiophen-2-yl)-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol 4, which is experimentally synthesized into five compounds (4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, and 4e). The chemical reactivity, kinetic stability, nature of interactions and functional characteristics of the thiophene derivatives were ascertained. The resistance gene PDB ID: 1K25, 2D45, 4UOT, and 7K2X were employed and docked with thiophene derivatives. Interestingly, molecular docking analysis demonstrated that ligands 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, and 4e are more effective against proteins 1K25, 4U0T and 7K2X than amoxicillin and methicillin. Upon docking with the 2D45 protein, compounds 4c and 4e (− 5.9 kcal/mol) exhibited potential similar to that of methicillin (− 5.9 kcal/mol), while 4a and 4b showed slightly better affinities (− 6.1 kcal/mol and 6.0 kcal/mol). Using Lipinski's Rule of Five (Ghose filter, Veber rules, Muegge filter, and Egan's rule), 4d and 4e were determined to be the most promising candidates for drug development due to their compliance with all evaluated criteria, indicating favourable properties for oral bioavailability and drug likeness. This research suggested that thiophene derivatives can serve as promising antibacterial agents against wound-infected bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymeric composite materials are in great demand in biomedical and water treatment applications. This is because they possess distinct characteristics and can fulfill specific biomedical needs, in addition to their ability to degrade dyes. This study successfully synthesized sustainable strontium titanate (STO) particles with an average size of 120 nm using the solid-state method. When these STO particles were mixed into a PCL-based polyurethane matrix, the matrix became hydrophilic with a contact angle of 58.60° and its mechanical strength enhanced by 320%. The morphology and surface roughness of the films were determined using FESEM and AFM techniques. The antibacterial studies of polymeric composites film against E. coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and S. aureus , showing good zone growth, and showing enhanced swelling properties of 270% for wound healing and biomedical applications. The photocatalytic performance of the STO by degrading Methyl Orange (MO) and Congo Red (CR) under UV light, achieving degradation efficiencies of 92.25% for MO and 62.5% for CR over 150 min. These findings suggest that PU scaffolds and STO are suitable for biological and water treatment in industrial applications. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cotton textiles play a universal role in everyday life, but they are prone to stain and serve as a primary channel for transmitting viruses and bacteria. The photocatalytic/antibacterial coatings are highly effective in addressing bacterial contamination on fabrics, although their efficacy diminishes with continuous use and washing. Here, insights are provided into the attachment of LiNbO 3 on cotton surfaces using eco-friendly chemical activators to promote resistance to washing cycles, self-cleaning, and bactericide textiles. LiNbO 3 nanoparticles were synthesized by low-temperature hydrothermal synthesis and directly applied to cotton fabric using immersion. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) N 2 adsorption, diffuse reflectance for band gap determination, and Raman spectroscopy. A simple and effective impregnation method was used, promoting an ester-bond attachment between the cotton surface and the activators. Microscopy analysis (SEM) confirmed the successful deposition of the nanoparticles on cotton fabric. The LiNbO 3 coating consisted of transparent layers and did not change the properties of cotton. Methylene blue stains are generally eliminated under UV light after 2 h using nanoparticles and activators. Antibacterial properties were evaluated under visible light through direct contact with bacterial suspensions and culturing. The coated cotton fabric that was activated with oxalic acid exhibited significant photocatalytic antibacterial activity against both Escherichia coli (gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive) bacteria, with bacterial reduction rate above 97 %, even after 10 washing cycles. This performance can be attributed to the effective coupling of LiNbO 3 with oxalic acid in the cotton's surface and its resistance to washing out. This study's novel synthesis and coating method offers an environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and straightforward approach for producing LiNbO 3 self-cleaning and antibacterial surface-activated cotton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental restorative resin composites are widely used to repair tooth decay owing to attractive esthetics, adequate mechanical properties and minimally invasive tooth structure preparations. Nevertheless, dental restorative resin composites still face challenges because of their relatively high failure rate and short lifespan caused by secondary caries and bulk fracture. Thus, attempts have been carried out to explore a new generation of dental restorative resin composites with antibacterial, remineralizing, and self-healing capabilities to inhibit bacteria and lengthen the lifetime of the restorations. Such novel restorative composites can inhibit bacterial activity, reduce acid production, promote mineral regeneration and present a renewable advantage to achieve a higher performance, which are inspiring and provide support for further basic and clinical research. In this review, antibacterial dental restorative resin composites are first introduced, followed by remineralizing, self-healing, and multifunctional dental resin composites with two or more of the functions mentioned above. Meanwhile, we explain the mechanism of the corresponding dental restorative resin composites and describe their characteristics. Finally, we conclude and put forward prospects. This review will attract both researchers and clinicians in this field and help to provide innovative ideas to design new restorative resin composites for biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wigandia ecuadoriensis , a member of the Namaceae family, is a source of metabolites and has been traditionally used as an anti-inflammatory. This work aimed to determine the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant effect, inhibition of α-glucosidase and cholinesterase enzymes (AChE, BChE), and antibacterial activity of the methanolic extract (ME) and subfractions of Wigandia ecuadoriensis. The findings revealed that ME and its subfractions exhibited significant antioxidant capacity, with the ethyl acetate fraction being the most active, displaying an IC50 of 17.66 µg/mL against the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and 10.31 µg/mL against 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS). This activity was attributed to its high total phenolic content (357.47 mg GAE/g). Furthermore, W. ecuadoriensis fractions showed marked antimicrobial properties against human pathogen strains with Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) values ​​of 1.56–6.25 mg/mL for S. aureus , E. faecalis and E. coli. Furthermore, aqueous fraction exhibited slight inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (IC50: 915.98 µg/mL) and butyrylcholinesterase (IC50: 380.42 µg/mL). Interestingly, EF showed the greatest inhibitory effect of α-glucosidase (IC50: 38.44 µg/mL) which is more potent than the control used, acarbose (IC50: 179.07 µg/mL). UHPLC-QTOF-MS analysis identified forty compounds, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, saponins, terpenes, and fatty acyls. As far as we know, this is the first study to evaluate the chemical composition and biological potential of W. ecuadoriensis. Our results provide the first evidence to the chemical knowledge of the species W. ecuadoriensis and demonstrate its bioactive potential as an interesting source of secondary metabolites with possible beneficial properties for health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This research article provides a comprehensive analysis of the preparation, structural characterization, 3D modeling, and biological screening of two novel formulated metal complexes, NiPDBZNPH and CuPDBZNPH. These complexes were obtained by combining 2,2′‐pyridine‐2,6‐diylbis(1H‐benzimidazole) (PDBZ) and 2‐hydroxy‐naphthaldehyde Schiff‐base (NPH) ligands with Ni(II) and Cu(II) ions, resulting in the compounds [Ni (NPH)(PDBZ)(Cl)] and [Cu (NPH)(PDBZ)(Cl)], respectively. Spectroscopic and analytical techniques confirmed that both complexes exhibit octahedral geometry around the central metal ion. Computational studies using density functional theory (DFT) corroborated the molecular structures and investigated the quantum chemical properties of the ligands and complexes. A series of in vitro assays were conducted to assess their anti‐inflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties, revealing enhanced bioactivity compared to the uncoordinated ligands. The potential of NiPDBZNPH and CuPDBZNPH as therapeutic candidates was also explored through interactions with calf thymus DNA (CT‐DNA). Molecular docking simulations targeting specific protein receptors were performed to evaluate binding affinities and ligand–protein interactions, with results highlighting significant interactions within enzyme active sites. These findings emphasize the pivotal role of metal–ligand coordination in enhancing pharmacological properties and contribute valuable insights toward the design of novel therapeutic compounds for use in medicinal chemistry and pharmaceutical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The green synthesis of Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) has shown numerous advantages over conventional physical and chemical synthesis methods as these methods non-ecofriendly and uses toxic chemicals and complicated equipments. In present study, Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were created using simple, sustainable, eco-friendly and green chemistry protocol. The roots of novel medicinal plant Sageretia thea was used as a bio-template for the preparation of IONPs. Further, the synthesis of IONPs was confirmed using different analytical tools like UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD, EDX, and SEM. The average sizes of (NPs) were found to be 16.04 nm. Further, asynthesized IONPs were evaluated for several biological potentials including antibacterial, antifungal Anti-radical potentials (DPPH) and cytotoxicity assays. Antibacterial potencies were investigated using bacterial strains (in the concentration range of 1000–31.25 µg/mL) revealing significant antibacterial potentials. ABA and SAU was reported to be least susceptible while KPN was observed to be most susceptible strain in bactericidal studies. Further, different fungal strains were used to investigate the antifungal potentials of IONPs (in the concentration range of 1000–31.25 µg/mL) and revealed strong antifungal potencies against different pathogenic strains. Furthermore, MRA, FA and ANI were most susceptible and ABA was least susceptible in fungicidal examination. Significant cytotoxicity potential was examined using brine shrimps cytotoxicity assay, thus revealing the cytotoxic potential of asynthesized IONPs. The IC50 for S. thea based IONPs was recorded as 33.85 µg/mL. Strong anti-radical potentials (DPPH) assay was performed to evaluate the ROS scavenging potential of S.T@IONPs. The highest scavenging potential was noted as 78.06%, TRP as 81.92% and TAC as 84% on maximum concentration of 200 µg/mL. In summary, our experimental results concluded, that asynthesized IONPs have strong antibacterial, antifungal, DPPH scavenging and cytotoxic potentials and can be used in different biological applications. In nutshell, our as-prepared nanoparticles have shown potential bioactivities and we recommend, different other in vitro and in vivo biological and bioactivities to further analyze the biological potentials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ensuring the safety and stability of minimally processed foods using natural preservatives is of great scientific and commercial interest in modern biotechnology. Berry juice supplementation is increasingly recognized within this field. This study investigated the effectiveness of juices from four berry species Aronia melanocarpa, Ribes nigrum, Vaccinium macrocarpon, and Sambucus nigra, against the food pathogen Bacillus cereus. Overall, the antibacterial potency of juice supplements (up to 10% v/v in tryptic soy broth) followed the order of chokeberry > blackcurrant > cranberry > elderberry, with the latter showing no inhibitory effects. Notably, chokeberry and elderberry juices presented lower acidity and significantly greater phenolic contents (p < 0.05) than blackcurrant and cranberry juices did, suggesting that B. cereus susceptibility is not strictly dependent upon low extracellular pH or elevated anthocyanin levels. Instead, it is inferred to correlate with pro-oxidative effects induced directly at the intracellular level. Accordingly, this paper discusses the antioxidative, acidic, and lipophilic attributes of juices and their constituent fractions, including anthocyanins, to elucidate their biopreservative potential. The results of this study increase our understanding of the antibacterial susceptibility of B. cereus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research presents a new approach for the fabrication and the characterization of nanocomposites materials, consisting of corn starch nanocrystals, polycaprolactone and, Maghnite–CTA+ (organophilic modified montmorillonite clay intercalated by cetyltrimethylammonium cations). The latter displayed two distinct roles: Maghnite acts as a catalyst for the in situ graft copolymerization through the ring opening of caprolactone with starch macromolecules and, also served at the same time as a nanofiller. The structural of the obtained materials was identified by FT-IR, Moreover, the dispersion state of Maghnite particles was examined by XRD, SEM, TEM, TGA, and DLS (particle size), thermogravimetric results indicate that the incorporation of the Maghnite organophilic in to the copolymer (SNCs-g-PCL) enhanced the thermal properties of the nanocomposites. Additionally, the nanocomposites show significant behavior against gram positive bacterial (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia) and gram negative bacterial (Pseudomonas aeruginosa,). The synergistic effects of SNC, PCL, and Maghnite–CTA+ contribute to the development of multifunctional nanocomposites, positioning them for potential applications in areas such as packaging and biomedical materials. This research bridges the gap between renewable resources and advanced materials, offering a sustainable solution with versatile functionalities. These findings underscore the potential of the SNCs-g-PCL/Mag-CTA+ nanocomposites as environmental friendly materials with improved thermal and antimicrobial properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phenol Schiff bases can conveniently be prepared in high yield by the reaction of the appropriate aminophenols and aldehydes in solventless condition. The final target compounds were characterized by FT‐IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and Mass spectroscopy. Microwave assistance reduced the reaction time and solvent, increased the yield, purity, and eased the work up. The compounds were found to possess moderate to good antibacterial activity implying that the synthesized compounds may make excellent candidates for further studies aimed at discovering novel antibacterial agents. In vitro antioxidant qualities of the synthesized Schiff bases are also evaluated. In the tests for reducing power and radical scavenging, all the compounds demonstrated strong antioxidant activity even surpassing that of the positive control, Trolox. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selenium is a well‐known element that can be toxic and potentially harmful in excessive amounts. In this study, the microwave‐assisted synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (SeNP) was achieved using glucose as a green reductant, resulting in reduced toxicity. This method provides a rapid, cost‐effective, and environmentally friendly alternative to traditional SeNP synthesis techniques. The antioxidant activity of the SeNPs was assessed using the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, while their antibacterial properties were tested against both Gram‐positive (E. coli) and Gram‐negative (S. aureus) bacteria using the agar diffusion method. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of SeNPs towards the Beas2B cell line was evaluated using the MTT viability assay at various concentrations. Results produced confirm the successful synthesis of SeNPs with notable antioxidant and antibacterial properties through a simple and economical approach, indicating potential applications in various fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marjoram (Origanum majorana L.), also known as "sweet marjoram" or "sweet oregano" is a Mediterranean herbaceous perennial herb cultivated in Egypt and widely consumed as an herbal supplement for treatment of several ailments. The main goal of this study was to assess volatiles' variation in marjoram samples collected from two different widely consumed commercial products using two different extraction techniques viz. head space solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and petroleum ether using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis and multivariate data analysis. A total of 20 major aroma compounds were identified in samples extracted with HS-SPME found enriched in monoterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds. The major volatiles included β-phellandrene (20.1 and 14.2%), γ-terpinene (13.4 and 11.7%), 2-bornene (12.3 and 11.5%), p-cymene (9.8 and 4.6%) terpenen-4-ol (16.4 and 7.5%), sabinene hydrate (16.02 and 8.8%) and terpineol (4.2 and 3.2%) in MR and MI, respectively. Compared with HS-SPME, 51 aroma compounds were identified in marjoram samples extracted with petroleum ether, found more enriched in aliphatic hydrocarbons (42.8 and 73.8%) in MR and MI, respectively. While a higher identification score was observed in the case of solvent extraction, SPME appeared to be more selective in the recovery of oxygenated terpenes to account more for marjoram aroma. Multivariate data analysis using principal component analysis (PCA) revealed distinct discrimination between volatile composition of both marjoram samples. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents in marjoram samples were at (111.9, 109.1 µg GA/mg) and (18.3, 19.5 µg rutin eq/mg) in MR and MI, respectively. Stronger antioxidant effects were observed in MR and MI samples with IC50 at 45.5 and 56.8 µg/mL respectively compared to IC50 6.57 µg/mL for Trolox as assayed using DPPH assay. Moderate anti-bacterial effect was observed in MR and MI samples and expressed as a zone of inhibition mostly against Bacillus subtilis (16.03 and 15.9 mm), B. cereus (12.9 and 13.7 mm), Enterococcus faecalis (14.03 and 13.97 mm), and Enterobacter cloacae (11.6 and 11.6 mm) respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study successfully enabled the creation of ceramic surfaces with multi functionalities, including superhydrophilicity, self-cleaning, antibacterial properties, and photocatalytic activity, by applying a glaze composition rich in nano ZnO/Cu–ZnO and utilizing surface chemistry and unique texturing on porcelain tiles. The tiles, coated with unique glaze compositions, were fired in an industrial furnace and heat treated. The crystalline phases and surface morphology of glazed surfaces were systematically evaluated using XRD, SEM, FT-IR, drop shape analyzer, and surface roughness profilometer. Key-factors affecting the wettability, self-clean ability, photocatalytic activity and antibacterial efficacy were discussed. Adding nano Cu into the glaze mixture that is rich in ZnO improves the evolution of zincite crystals, increases the specific surface energy, decreases surface roughness, provide superhydrophilicity and promotes the antibacterial effectiveness and photocatalytic activity. Superhydrophilic surfaces doped with nano Cu–ZnO display antibacterial characteristics that do not require UV or visible light. The quick achievement of complete self-cleaning, up to 100 %, is due to the presence of nano Cu particles in its structure. Hydrophilicity has the ability to improve the efficiency of photocatalysis. If a surface exhibits superhydrophilic properties, it shows exceptional photocatalytic performance. A surface that is solely photohydrophilic may not maintain self-cleaning. Hydrophilicity may be more important than photocatalysis in the self-cleaning effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work characterizes microemulsions of Medicago marina essential oil and evaluates their antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and anticoagulant effects. Medicago marina L. aerial parts essential oil was hydro-distilled and analyzed by gas chromatography-FID and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for the first time from the Tunisian chemotype. The microemulsion was prepared using an oil/water formulation with a biopolymer (Arabic gum) and surfactant (Tween 20). Antibacterial and antifungal activities were evaluated using the microbroth dilution method, while anticoagulant activity was tested in vitro using prothrombin time (PT) and aPTT tests. Eventually, the binding affinities and molecule’s interactions of the main chemicals with the operational locations of C (30) carotenoid dehydrosqualene synthase and cytidine deaminase were explored. The essential oil contained 71 compounds of which 87.6% were identified. Major compounds were β-ionone (17.67%), 1-methyleugenol (10.75%), eugenol (8.86%), β-damascenone (4.33%), and α-humulene (4.32%). A microemulsion with a diameter of 1.63 μ m, a polydispersity index of 0.17, a zeta potential of –40.8 mV and a pH of 6 was obtained and it showed the highest antibacterial potential against a multitude of microbes, with low MICs varying between 0.406 mg/mL and 3.25 mg/mL. Significant antibiofilm activity was observed with over 80% inhibition at 4 × MIC concentration. It showed better anticoagulant activity than heparin, with PT and aPTT values of 19.5 s and 57 s, respectively, at 10 mg/mL. Molecular docking showed that “(E)-β-ionone” had the highest binding scores. Notable pharmacokinetic and drug-like qualities were found in the obtained molecules after establishing ADME profiling. As a result, Medicago marina L. Essential oil microemulsion can be used in food processing as a preservative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microcins are small antibacterial proteins that mediate interbacterial competition. Their narrow-spectrum activity provides opportunities to discover microbiome-sparing treatments. However, microcins have been found almost exclusively in Enterobacteriaceae. Their broader existence and potential implications in other pathogens remain unclear. Here, we identify and characterize a microcin active against pathogenic Vibrio cholerae : MvcC. We show that MvcC is reliant on the outer membrane porin OmpT to cross the outer membrane. MvcC then binds the periplasmic protein OppA to reach and disrupt the cytoplasmic membrane. We demonstrate that MvcC's cognate immunity protein is a protease, which precisely cleaves MvcC to neutralize its activity. Importantly, we show that MvcC is active against diverse cholera isolates and in a mouse model of V. cholerae colonization. Our results provide a detailed analysis of a microcin outside of Enterobacteriaceae and its potential to influence V. cholerae infection. [Display omitted] • Vibrio cholerae encodes microcin systems • Microcin MvcC kills virulent V. cholerae strains in vitro and in vivo • MvcC uses OmpT and OppA to reach and permeabilize the inner membrane • MvcD is a microcin immunity protein that neutralizes MvcC by endoproteolysis Kim et al. introduce a Vibrio microcin, MvcC, which selectively kills V. cholerae clinical isolates in vitro and in mice. MvcC crosses the outer membrane and traverses the periplasm to reach and permeabilize the inner membrane. Resistance is conferred by an immunity protease, MvcD, which cleaves MvcC into inactive fragments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of the current work was to investigate the antibacterial, antibiofilm, anticancer, and antioxidant opportunities of silver and gold nanoparticles (AgNPs and AuNPs) synthesized utilizing a new fungus strain called Fusarium pseudonygamai TB-13c. With the aid of UV, HR-TEM, FTIR, SEM, and XRD, the NPs' creation was examined. For AgNPs and AuNPs, the mycosynthesized NPs' highest peak plasmon band was seen at around 420 and 540 nm, respectively. AgNPs ranged in size from 5 to 20 nm, whereas AuNPs ranged in size from 8 to 60 nm. AgNPs and AuNPs were spherical in form. For AgNPs, the angles were 38.42°, 44.56°, 64.66°, and 77.75°; for AuNPs, the angles were 38.56°, 44.74°, 64.87°, and 77.85°. The antibacterial efficiency of AgNPs and AuNPs was evaluated against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In particular, AgNPs outperformed AuNPs in their ability to combat pathogenic microorganisms. Furthermore, antibiofilm study that shown AuNPs had activity more than AgNPs. Interestingly, applying the DPPH procedure these noble metallic NPs had antioxidant activity, which the IC50 for AgNPs was 38.2 μg/ mL and 180 μg/ mL for AuNPs. The modification in the cells was evident in the cytotoxicity evaluation findings as change of their usual shape, partially or completely loss of monolayer, granulation, and shrinkage, or cell rounding with IC50 for normal vero cell were 695.34 μg/mL and 631.66 μg/mL for AgNPs and AuNPs, respectively, whilst IC50 for cancer cell (Mcf7) was 204.07 μg/mL for AgNPs and 206.95 μg/mL for AuNPs. The combined results show that there is a clear and flexible biological use for less toxic chemotherapeutic agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The n-butanol extract of Stachys arvensis (L.) L. aerial parts (BESA) was analysed by LC-HRMS/MS. 43 Polyphenols, including flavonoids, cinnamic acid derivatives, phenylethaoids, chromones, gallotannins, coumarins and chalcones with hyperoside (13.85%), panasenoside (10.31%), myricitrin (7.89%) and sayaendoside (7.16%), as the major compounds, were identified. High total phenolics (470.21 ± 1.22 mg GAE/g extract) and total flavonoids (189.05 ± 0.72 mg QE/g extract) contents were measured. In addition, the BESA exhibited a higher antioxidant effect in CUPRAC (A0.5:0.45 ± 0.03 μg/mL), DPPH (IC50:4.51 ± 0.16 μg/mL) and ABTS (IC50:7.10 ± 0.18 μg/mL) assays than the standards BHA and α-Tocopherol. Moreover the extract showed a good inhibitory effect against BChE (IC50: 145.02 ± 0.03 μg/mL) and α-amylase (IC50:2.66 ± 0.0024 mg/mL). The BESA exhibited an excellent anti-inflammatory activity (IC50:416 ± 0,056 μg/mL) which was close to that of acetylsalicylic acid, used as a control. The BESA was toxic towards T. molitor larvae and it possessed a good antibacterial activity against gram (+) and gram (-) tested strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Melaleuca species (family Myrtaceae) are characterized by their wide-ranging applications as antimicrobials and in skin-related conditions. Herein, we estimated the volatile profile and biological significance of M. rugulosa (Link) leaves for the first time supported by a dereplication protocol. Materials and methods: Volatile components were extracted using hydrodistillation (HD), supercritical fluid (SF), and headspace (HS) techniques and identified using GC/MS. The variations among the three extracts were assessed using principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The extracted volatiles were tested for radical scavenging activity, anti-aging, and anti-hyperpigmentation potential. Finally, disc diffusion and broth microdilution assays were implemented to explore the antibacterial capacity against Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Results: The yield of the SF technique (0.8%) was three times higher than HD. GC/MS analysis revealed that the oxygenated compounds are the most proponents in the three extracts being 95.93% (HD), 80.94% (HS), and 48.4% (SF). Moreover, eucalyptol (1,8-cineol) represents the major component in the HD-EO (89.60%) and HS (73.13%) volatiles, while dl-α-tocopherol (16.27%) and α-terpineol (11.89%) represent the highest percentage in SF extract. Regarding the bioactivity profile, the HD-EO and SF-extract showed antioxidant potential in terms of oxygen radical absorbance capacity, and β- carotene assays, while exerting weak activity towards DPPH. In addition, they displayed potent anti-elastase and moderate anti-collagenase activities. The HD-EO exhibited potent anti-tyrosinase activity, while the SF extract showed a moderate level compared to tested controls. OPLS-DA and dereplication studies predicted that the selective antibacterial activity of HD-EO to S. aureus was related to eucalyptol, while SF extract to C. perfringens was related to α-tocopherol. Conclusions: M. rugulosa leaves are considered a vital source of bioactive volatile components that are promoted for controlling skin aging and infection. However, further safety and clinical studies are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exploration of advanced materials has become imperative for addressing challenges in diverse fields, including healthcare and infection prevention. This research contributes to this domain by focusing on the synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of ZnO‐Ag nanocomposites and embedding them in PMMA matrix to obtain free‐standing flexible membrane with enhanced antibacterial potential and reusability of material. The study employs a solvothermal method for the decoration of silver nanoparticles onto zinc oxide nanorods, with the objective of harnessing the synergistic antibacterial properties of both materials. The study evaluates the antibacterial potential of the nanocomposites through well diffusion and growth kinetic assays, revealing their enhanced efficacy with a zone of inhibition (ZOI) of 21 ± 1.05 mm against Escherichia coli (E. coli). The implications of this research extend to the realm of biomedical applications, positioning the nanocomposite‐polymer membrane as promising candidates for infection prevention in healthcare premises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient wound and burn healing is crucial for minimising complications, preventing infections, and enhancing overall well-being, necessitating the development of innovative strategies. This study aimed to formulate a novel thin film combining chitosan, carboxymethyl cellulose, tannic acid, and beeswax for improved wound healing applications. Several formulations, incorporating chitosan, carboxymethyl cellulose, tannic acid, and beeswax in various percentages, were utilized to deposit thin films via the solvent evaporation technique, Mechanical properties, morphology, antioxidant activity, antibacterial efficacy, and wound healing potential were evaluated. The optimized thin film (M4), composed of 2% chitosan, 2% carboxymethyl cellulose, and 1% tannic acid, along with 0.2% glycerol and 0.2% tween80, exhibited a thickness of 39.0 ± 1.14 μm and a tensile strength of 0.275 ± 0.003 MPa. It demonstrated a swelling degree of 283.0 ± 2.0% and a drug release capacity of 89.4% within 24 h. The film also showed a low contact angle of 40.5° and a water vapour transmission rate of 1912.25 ± 13.10 g m−2 0.24 h−1. FT-IR spectroscopy indicated that chitosan and carboxymethyl cellulose were cross-linked through amide linkages, with tannic acid occupying the interstitial spaces and hydrogen bonding stabilizing the structure. Microscopy of M4 revealed a uniform morphology. The film exhibited strong antioxidant activity of (95.17 ± 0.02%) and antibacterial efficiency (80.8%) against S. aureus. In a rabbit model, the film significantly enhanced burn and excision wound recovery, with 90.0 ± 3.3% healing for burns and 88.85 ± 1.7% for infected wounds by day 7. Complete skin regeneration was observed within 10–12 days. The M4 thin film demonstrated exceptional mechanical properties and bioactivity, offering protection against pathogens and promoting efficient wound healing. These findings suggest its potential for further investigation in treating various infections and its role in developing novel therapeutic interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Achillea fragrantissima (F. Asteraceae) is traditionally used to treat skin infections and inflammation. The present work intended to prepare essential oils (EOs) from A. fragrantissima aerial parts growing widely in Egypt and investigate its antibacterial activity against skin-related pathogens and in vitro cell-based anti-inflammatory activity. Methods: EOs of the fresh aerial parts were extracted by hydrodistillation (HD), microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD), and head-space (HS), while those of the dried ones were prepared by supercritical fluid (SF). The result EOs were analyzed using GC/MS. The antibacterial activity was evaluated alongside Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027, Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 12344, Clostridium perfringens ATCC 13124 by agar diffusion, microwell dilution, and biofilm formation tests. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by measuring tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 2 (IL-2), and 6 (IL-6) in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)- stimulated RAW 264.7 cells using ELISA assays in addition, expression of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was measured via western blot. Results: The SF method gave the highest EO yield (1.50 mL v/w). Oxygenated components constituted the highest percentage in the four methods, 84.14, 79.21, 73.29 and 33.57% in the HS, HD, MAHD, and SF, respectively. Moreover, variation in the amount of identified compounds was apparent; in HS EO α-thujone (29.37%), artemisia ketone (19.59%), and santolina alcohol (14.66%) are major components, while α-thujone (20.38%) and piperatone (12.09%) were significant in HD. Moreover, (+)-spathulenol (12.22%) and piperatone (10.48%) were significant in MAHD, while piperatone (14.83%) and β-sitosterol (11.07%) were significant in SF EO. HD, MAHD, and SF EOs exhibited susceptibility against P. aeruginosa (IZ = 9–14 mm), E. coli (11–13 mm), and C. perfringens (IZ = 10–14 mm) in agar diffusion assay. MAHD EOs demonstrated potent growth inhibition (MICs = 0.25–2 mg/mL), followed by HD EOs (MICs = 13–52 mg/mL) to all tested microorganisms in well microdilution assay. Also, they exert MBC values equal to or higher than the MICs. Furthermore, SF EOs inhibited the biofilm formation of all tested microorganisms by 65.12—80.84%. Specifically, MAHD and HD EOs efficiently suppress the biofilm of S. pyogenes (77.87%) and P. aeruginosa (60. 29%), respectively. Ultimately, HD and SF EOs showed anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing the TNF-α, IL-2, and IL-6 release and iNOS expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Conclusion: A. fragrantissima EO is rich in oxygenated volatile compounds with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. It is encouraged as a bioactive agent for adjusting skin infections, though additional studies are essential for their safety in clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wounds, arises from accidents, burns, surgeries, diabetes, and trauma, can significantly impact well‐being and present persistent clinical challenges. Ideal wound dressings should be flexible, stable, antibacterial, antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory in nature, facilitating a scarless rapid wound healing. Initiatives were taken to create antibacterial cotton fabrics by incorporating agents like antibiotics and metallic nanoparticles. However, due to a lack of multifunctionality, these materials were not highly effective in causing scarless and rapid wound healing. In this article, nickel thiocyanate nanoparticle (NiSCN‐NPs) impregnated cotton gauze wound dressing (NiSCN‐CG) was developed. These nanoparticles were non‐toxic to normal human cell lines till 1 mg/mL dose and did not cause skin irritation in the rat model. Further, NiSCN‐NPs exhibited antimicrobial, antibiofilm and antioxidant activities confirmed using different in vitro experiments. In vivo wound healing studies in rat models using NiSCN‐CG demonstrated rapid scarless wound healing. The nickel thiocyanate impregnated cotton gauze presents a novel approach in scarless wound healing, and as an antimicrobial agent, offering a promising solution for diverse wounds and infections in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive inflammation poses a major challenge to wound care, with massive exudation and bacterial infection being the prominent factors contributing to the inflammation. Current biomaterials can achieve passive or interactive wound repair through exudate absorption and anti‐infection. However, they cannot actively modulate the cellular behavior associated with skin wound repair. Inspired by the endogenous electric field (EF), the present study develops an antimicrobial and self‐powered electrical fabric dressing (EFD). An EFD with multifunctional properties of wound exudate collection, anti‐infection, and self‐powered electrical stimulation (ES) is assembled via weaving a series of hydrophilically modified cotton yarn‐based batteries. Upon contact with the wound, EFD absorbs the wound exudate owing to its high hydrophilicity and utilizes it as the natural electrolyte to activate the battery. With the endogenous power supply, the ES‐promoted polarization of macrophage, as well as the migration and proliferation of fibroblasts, enhancing the active wound repair process. Moreover, the dressings exhibit excellent antibacterial properties, attributable to the synergistic effects of the cationic polymer brushes on the cotton yarn and the anodic by‐product (magnesium hydroxide) during discharging. Thus, the wound exudate‐activated EFD can effectively manage wound exudates, prevent bacterial infection, and provide self‐powered electrotherapy to facilitate active wound tissue repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections are prevalent in hospitals and often lead to significant health complications. This study aimed to explore the chemical composition of the aerial part of Crotalaria madurensis and evaluate its antioxidant and antibacterial properties. The impact of gamma irradiation on the antibacterial properties of the plant extract and metabolite 1 against MRSA was also examined. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis was conducted on the filtrates of untreated MRSA and MRSA treated with the plant extract and metabolite 1. Four flavonol glycosides were identified as gossypetin 8-methoxy, 3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside (metabolite 1), gossypetin 8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (metabolite 2), kaempferol 3-O-β-D-glucpyranoside (Astragalin, metabolite 3), and herbacetin 7-methoxy-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (metabolite 4). All metabolites exhibited significant antioxidant properties using different assays. The antibacterial efficacy of the extract and metabolite 1, which showed substantial antioxidant properties compared to the other isolated metabolites, was evaluated. Both the plant extract and metabolite 1 significantly reduced the viability and cell count of MRSA at concentrations of 1.0 and 0.5 mg/ml. The antibacterial activity of the plant extract and metabolite 1 was assessed after gamma irradiation at 50 and 100 Gy, which did not significantly affect the antibacterial efficiency. FTIR analysis indicated that the plant extract and metabolite 1 significantly altered the band frequency values, bandwidth, and peak intensity % of the treated MRSA filtrate. Molecular docking studies suggested that metabolite 1 exhibited the highest antioxidant and anti-MRSA activity, with strong binding scores like the ligand, indicating an effective interaction and high affinity between metabolite 1 and the target molecule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The identification of perilous metal ions and the treatment of diseases induced by microorganisms are critical areas requiring attention. We report herein the design and development of an acetylene‐functionalized Schiff base compound 4, using a low‐cost and straightforward approach. This compound 4 exhibits dual functions in the detection of harmful metal ions, particularly Al(III), as well as in the prevention of disorders caused by bacteria, specifically Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis). It was well characterized through the utilization of diverse spectroscopic techniques, such as NMR (1H and 13C), FT‐IR, and mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the complete structure clarification of the Schiff base compound 4 was revealed through the utilization of X‐ray crystallography. The limit of detection (LOD) for Al(III) is 35.5 × 10−8 M, surpassing the WHO drinking water standard of 26.7 µM, underscoring the high sensitivity of compound 4. The antibacterial activity of compound 4 has also been effectively evaluated on Gram‐positive (S. aureus and B. subtilis) bacteria. Furthermore, compound 4 was docked to S. aureus and B. subtilis proteins, which represents outstanding outcomes with binding energies of −7.31 kcal/mol and −7.87 kcal/mol, respectively. The antibacterial activity of the compound 4 in both in vitro and docking studies suggests that it possesses the potential to serve as an antibacterial agent in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by using diverse plant extracts has gained significance for applications in biomedical sciences and engineering. However, no studies have been done on the synthesis of AgNPs using the extract of Flaxseed peel (FsP) (Linumusitatissimum L), an eco‐friendly agricultural waste. The present study reports the green synthesis of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) ‐ silver nanoparticles (PVA‐AgNPs) composite 1 using the aqueous extract of Flaxseed peel (FsP) (Linumusitatissimum L). GC‐MS, 1H NMR and FT‐IR spectral analyses were performed to understand the phytochemical basis of nanoparticle formation. The obtained AgNPs in the composite were characterized using a variety of techniques including FT‐IR, UV‐visible spectroscopy, HR‐TEM along with EDX spectroscopy, SEM, and DLS. UV‐vis analysis revealed a prominent surface plasmon resonance band at 422 nm, confirming the formation of AgNPs. TEM technique revealed the presence of nearly spherical AgNPs with an average size of 11.28 nm. PVA‐AgNPs composite 1 exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram‐positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram‐negative Escherichia coli. Furthermore, a dose‐time dependent cytotoxic effect against L929 fibroblast cells was demonstrated by the nanocomposite. Thus, present findings provided a basis of FsP‐extract mediated green synthesis of PVA‐AgNPs composite 1 suggesting functional nanomaterial of biomedical potentialities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Since decades, numerous antibiotics have been used to treat different bacterial illnesses; among these, tetracycline is one of the commonly used antibiotics, which has led to development of bacterial resistance. To tackle this critical issue, we have developed a novel, biocompatible nanodrug that improves the antibacterial activity of tetracycline by conjugating it with copper oxide nanoparticles, thereby addressing the problem of multidrug resistance in bacteria. Methods: In this study, using unipot approach, tetracycline conjugated copper oxide nanoparticles were synthesized where tetracycline act as reducing as well as stabilizing agent. These nanoparticles were characterized by different analytical and microscopic technique. For statistical analysis, FFD and CCD model were employed to assess the effect of various parameters (concentration, pH, temperature and time). Results: The synthesis of nanoparticles was confirmed through different techniques. Synthesized nanoparticles exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against various microbes including multi‐drug resistant microbes compared to its individual constituents. DPPH and ABTS assays revealed high antioxidant activity of nanoparticles whereas, biocompatibility was assessed via MTT assay. The drug release profile confirms the sustained release of tetracycline molecules. Conclusions: We have successfully developed tetracycline conjugated copper oxide nanoparticles exhibiting potent antibacterial, antioxidant and biocompatible activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address the risk of bacterial infection during the early implantation of medical titanium implants, this study designed a strontium barium titanate rod-like silver coating with piezoelectric effect. The antibacterial properties of nano-silver, the spiky structure of the rod-like array, and the piezoelectric effect were utilized to achieve rapid and continuous bactericidal effects in the early stages. The surface morphology and microstructure of the coating were analyzed, along with an examination of its phase composition and silver element distribution. Furthermore, investigations into the impact of silver loading on wetting angle and piezoelectric coefficient were conducted, as well as tests on the cumulative release of silver ions. Bacterial experiments confirmed that even after 7 days immersed in PBS, the antibacterial rate for barium strontium titanate rod-like silver coated titanium surfaces with piezoelectric effect remained at 99.99 %, slightly higher than unpolarized coatings. Finally, assessments on toxicity, proliferation, and adhesion of osteoblasts revealed excellent performance from polarized coatings. These results provide data support and a theoretical basis for studying the antibacterial effects of piezoelectricity in conjunction with other antibacterial strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Multifunctional nanomaterials are emerging as promising tools for treating both cancer and bacterial infections. However, integrating dual therapeutic capabilities into a single system remains challenging. This study presents multifunctional nanoparticles (ECI-NPs) based on Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) oligomers, Curcumin (CUR), and Indocyanine Green (ICG) for combined cancer and bacterial treatment. Methods: ECI-NPs were synthesized via oxidative coupling of EGCG, CUR, and ICG. The nanoparticles were characterized for stability, size, drug loading, and release profiles. Cellular uptake, phototoxicity in melanoma cells, and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were also evaluated. Results: ECI-NPs demonstrated optimal stability, high drug loading, and controlled release. Cellular studies showed increased uptake and greater phototoxicity in melanoma cells compared to free drugs. ECI-NPs also exhibited enhanced anticancer effects and strong antibacterial activity, outperforming the individual components. Discussion: The polyphenol-based ECI-NPs offer synergistic therapeutic effects, overcoming the limitations of free drugs in terms of solubility and efficacy. This dual-function platform shows potential for broader biomedical applications, addressing challenges in cancer and bacterial infections. Further research will focus on in vivo studies and clinical translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acne vulgaris is a skin infection widely seen in adolescents between 10–19 years with males affected more than females. It mainly affects the face but may also affect the back and chest. The symptoms vary with mild acne manifesting as comedones and moderate acne as inflammatory lesions (papulopustular), nodules, and mild scarring while severe acne has the same symptoms that have not subsided within 6 months of treatment. Various treatments including topical medications containing different antibiotics are used to treat acne. Recently, herbal treatments have been shown as better alternatives to conventional treatment. Teucrium oliverianum Ging. ex Benth (Lamiaceae) is traditionally used for skin infections such as wound healing and biofilm formation. Methodology: Methanolic extract of T. oliverianum was subjected to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis, and its antibacterial effect against Cutibacterium acnes. The anti-acne, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects were also assessed using HaCaT cells infected with C. acnes. The cytotoxicity of the extract was evaluated using a neutral red uptake assay, and anti-inflammatory effects were determined by measuring TNF-α, IL-1β, INF-γ, and COX2 inhibition. The antioxidant action was assessed by ROS generation in HaCaT cells infected with C. acnes. Results: LC-MS analysis of the extract showed the presence of 16 different metabolites with L-carnitine, esculin sesquihydrate, and gamma-linoleic acid as major metabolites. The methanolic extract of T. oliverianum showed an antibacterial effect against C. acnes with an IC50 value of 263.2 μg/mL. The extract attenuated the cytotoxicity of C. acnes on the HaCaT cell and the IC50 was found to be 676.2 μg/mL. It also decreased dose-dependently the expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, INF-γ, and inhibited COX2 in the HaCaT cells infected with C. acnes. It also decreased the generation of reactive oxygen species. Conclusion: The results support the use of T. oliverianum as an anti-acne agent but it possesses mild antibacterial action. It showed anti-inflammatory effects in HaCaT cells infected with C. acnes. It is also an effective antioxidant and decreased the generation of reactive oxygen species. Comparison of the anti-acne effects and adverse reactions of extract with other treatments will provide more insight into its clinical efficacy and toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Fixed orthodontic appliances act as a niche for microbial growth and colonization. Coating orthodontic wires with antimicrobial silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and nanocomposite was adopted in this study to augment the biological activity of these wires by increasing their antibacterial and antibiofilm properties and inhibiting bacterial infections that cause white spot lesions and lead to periodontal disease. Methods: Three concentrations of biologically synthesized AgNPs were used for coating NiTi wires. The shape, size, and charge of the AgNPs were determined. Six groups of 0.016 × 0.022-inch NiTi orthodontic wires, each with six wires, were used; and coated with AgNPs and nanocomposites. The antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of these coated wires were tested against normal flora and multidrug-resistant bacteria (Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial isolates). The surface topography, roughness, elemental percentile, and ion release were characterized. Results: AgNPs and nanocomposite coated NiTi wires showed significant antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities. The chitosan-silver nanocomposite (CS-Ag) coated wires had the greatest bacterial growth inhibition against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The surface roughness of the coated wires was significantly reduced, impacting the surface topography and with recorded low Ni and Ag ion release rates. Conclusions: NiTi orthodontic wires coated with AgNPs, and nanocomposites have shown increased antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities, with decreased surface roughness, friction resistance and limited- metal ion release. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potential of silver-containing hydroxyapatite (Ag-HA) coatings to prevent orthopaedic implant-associated infection was explored previously; however, the resistance of Ag-HA coatings to late-onset orthopaedic infections is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term Ag+ elution and antibacterial properties of the Ag-HA coatings through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Ag-HA-coated disc specimens were immersed in fetal bovine serum (FBS) for six months. Ag concentration was measured over time using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry to evaluate Ag release. The hydroxyapatite (HA)- or Ag-HA-coated disc specimens were immersed in FBS for 3 months to elute Ag+ for in vitro experiments. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) suspensions were inoculated onto each disc; after 48 h, the number of colonies and the biofilm volume were measured. HA- or Ag-HA-coated disc specimens were inserted under the skin of Sprague-Dawley rats for three months for in vivo experiments. In in vivo experiment 1, specimens were inoculated with MRSA and the number of colonies was counted after 48 h. In in vivo experiment 2, the specimens were inoculated with bioluminescent S. aureus Xen36 cells, and bioluminescence was measured using an in vivo imaging system. The Ag-HA-coated disc specimens continued to elute Ag+ after six months. The biofilm volume in the Ag-HA group was lower than in the HA group. In in vitro and in vivo experiment 1, the bacterial counts in the Ag-HA group were lower than those in the HA group. In in vivo experiment 2, the bioluminescence in the Ag-HA group was lower than that in the HA group on days 1–7 after inoculation. The Ag-HA-coated discs continued to elute Ag+ for a long period and exhibited antibacterial activity and inhibition of biofilm formation against S. aureus. The Ag-HA coatings have the potential to reduce late-onset orthopaedic implant-associated infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Petiveria alliacea L. (Petiveriaceae), a medicinal plant found in tropical regions of South and Central America, the Caribbean, and Africa, is mainly used to treat inflammatory process and respiratory problems. In this study, we have evaluated the antibacterial activity of P. alliacea crude extract and fractions, investigated the chemical composition, and developed and validated a simple method to quantify flavanones. To verify the antibacterial activity, we determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Phytochemical investigations were carried out by chromatographic and spectroscopic analysis. To quantify astilbin and engeletin, we developed a method based on HPLC coupled to a diode array detector (DAD) and validated it. The P. alliacea crude extracts and fractions exhibited MIC ranged from 10 to 25 mg/mL. Chemical investigation of P. alliacea revealed the presence of trans-N-methyl-4-methoxyproline (1), ethyl-β-galactoside (2), ethyl-α-galactoside (3), and ethyl-β-fructofuranoside (4). The developed HPLC-DAD method proved suitable for determining flavonoids in P. alliacea: it presented good linearity, specificity, and satisfactory accuracy and precision. The developed HPLC-DAD method can quantify the P. alliacea chemical markers. The isolated compounds (2–4) have been described in P. alliacea for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brucellosis is an important global zoonosis caused by the bacterium Brucella sp. Brucellosis causes abortions, reproductive failure and reduced milk production, resulting in significant economic losses. Brucella species are reported to be resistant to antibiotics, which makes treatment difficult. The urgency of discovering new drug candidates to combat Brucella's infection necessitates the exploration of novel alternative agents with unique protein targets. Aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases (aaRSs), which have fundamental functions in translation, inhibit this process, stop protein synthesis and ultimately inhibit bacterial growth. The purpose of this study was to isolate piperolactam A compounds from the methanol extract of Piper betle leaves that have potential as antibacterials to inhibit the growth of Brucella sp. causing brucellosis in livestock and to analyse the mechanism of inhibitory activity of piperolactam A compounds against the aaRS enzyme through a molecular docking approach in silico. Piperolactam A was isolated from P. betle by column chromatography and characterized by UV, IR, 1D and 2D NMRs and MS, then tested for their inhibition mechanism against the enzymes threonyl‐tRNA synthetase, leucyl‐tRNA synthetase (LeuRS) and methionyl‐tRNA synthetase in silico. The result in silico test is that piperolactam A has the potential to inhibit LeuRS enzyme with the greater binding affinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: Background: The use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in biomedicine has emerged in a big way owing to its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. We hypothesize that combining the AgNPs with antibiotics for coating sutures will enhance the antibacterial property of sutures with the added advantage of the immunomodulatory effect of AgNPs on tissue healing. Materials and Methods: Polyglactin sutures were coated with AgNPs using the dip-coating method. The uniform coating and morphology of AgNPs on the suture surface were confirmed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Each type of suture – polyglactin plain, antibiotic coated (Triclosan), AgNP coated, and dually coated (antibiotic and AgNP) – was assessed for their antibacterial properties against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, and anaerobes. These sutures were utilized in an abdominal and systemic inflammatory mice model for ileal anastomosis. The intestinal tissue was evaluated for acute and chronic inflammation and collagen deposition to assess the healing and inflammatory response. Results: The SEM and energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed successful coating of AgNPs on plain and antibiotic-coated sutures. In comparison with the other groups, the dually coated suture had the best in vitro antibacterial efficacy. The AgNP-coated sutures were able to decrease both acute and chronic inflammatory cell infiltration, but the collagen synthesis and deposition were enhanced. Conclusion: AgNPs can be coated on Polyglactin suture either alone or in combination with antibiotics with preserved antibacterial effects. The dual coating of sutures gives a synergistic antibacterial effect. The AgNP diminishes immune response in the presence of preserved extracellular matrix generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The persistence of bacterial infections and antibiotic resistance in secondary root canal infections necessitate effective antimicrobial approaches utilizing natural compounds. This study aimed to evaluate the extraction efficiency, phytochemical composition, and antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of Aceh patchouli leaves (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) against Enterococcus faecalis. The maceration method was employed for extraction and phytochemical analysis was conducted using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Antibacterial activity was assessed using the Kirby-Bauer method, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using UV-vis spectrophotometry. The results indicated a total extract yield of 17.25% and significant antibacterial activity against E. faecalis. The active compounds in the extract were primarily sesquiterpenes and fatty acids, with patchouli alcohol as the most prominent. The MIC value was 12.5%, suggesting the potential of Aceh patchouli extract as an alternative or adjunctive treatment for root canal infections. This study has the potential to make Aceh's indigenous Pogostemon cablin Benth. plant as an alternative or adjunctive treatment for root canal infections leading to safe and effective treatments that minimize the risk of antibiotic resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation reports the synthesis and characterization of a novel series of 1,2-dihydroquinoline sulphonamides, developed with the aim of enhancing their pharmacological efficacy. The synthesis involved a multi-step process starting with the preparation of 3-hydroxy Acetanilide, followed by Pechmann condensation to obtain acetylated aminophenol, and subsequent reactions leading to the formation of 1,2-dihydroquinoline derivatives. These derivatives were further reacted with various substituted sulphonyl chlorides to yield the target sulphonamide compounds. The synthesized compounds were characterized using FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and LCMS. Their pharmacological activities, including antibacterial, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, and antihyperlipidemic properties, were evaluated through in-vitro assays. The results demonstrated that these novel 1,2-dihydroquinoline sulphonamides exhibit promising pharmacological activities, validating their potential as effective therapeutic agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Restoring colistin's efficacy is crucial in addressing the resistance crisis of colistin. This study utilized a high-throughput screening method to identify 43 compounds from 800 FDA-approved drugs that exhibited significant antibacterial effects when combined with colistin. Among these, cinacalcet hydrochloride (CH) was selected for its potential synergistic effect with colistin against multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli strains, including mcr-1-positive strains. A series of experiments revealed that the combination of CH and colistin showed strong synergy, especially in mcr-1-positive strains, restoring colistin sensitivity. The combination significantly inhibited bacterial growth and reduced CFU counts more effectively than either drug alone. Additionally, CH and colistin together significantly inhibited biofilm formation and eradicated existing biofilms, as visualized through confocal microscopy. Mechanistic studies showed that the combination increased bacterial membrane permeability and disrupted membrane integrity. The treatment also elevated extracellular ATP release and ROS production, indicating oxidative stress-induced bacterial death. Safety evaluations showed that the combination did not increase toxicity in host cells. Finally, animal models further validated the combination's efficacy. Overall, this study showed that the combination of colistin and CH significantly restored colistin sensitivity in mcr-1-positive E. coli, revealing their synergistic antibacterial mechanism involving membrane damage and oxidative stress, with promising clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of new antibacterial materials for solving biomedical problems is an extremely important and very urgent task. This review aims to summarize recent articles (from the last five and mostly the last three years) on the nanoparticle/polymer composites for biomedical applications. Articles on polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) and hydrogel-based systems were not reviewed, since we focused our attention mostly on the composites of polymeric matrix with at least one inorganic filler in the form of NPs. The fields of application of newly developed antibacterial NPs/polymer composites are described, along with their composition and synthetic approaches that allow researchers to succeed in preparing effective composite materials for medical and healthcare purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inorganic–organic hybrid biomaterials have recently attracted much attention because of their widespread use. Silkworm cocoon filaments resulting from sericulture as prospective nanobiomaterials need to be improved, and their properties need to be used for broader purposes. This study was aimed at investigating methods for siliconization of silkworm cocoon filaments and characterizing their cocoon filament properties in terms of their yarn quality, natural dyeing, and antibacterial properties. Three methods of hybridization processes were used in this experiment, namely, in situ natural dyeing of silk yarns while silk filaments were spined, feed engineering through spraying the mulberry leaves with natural dyes and silica–phosphate–M (M = Cu, Fe, or Al) nano pastes, and a combination of both methods. The resulting cocoon filaments were characterized by their siliconization of filament fibers by using FTIR, XRD, and SEM-EDS methods. The yarn tensile strength, color quality, color fastness properties affected by the siliconization of silk filament fibers, and antibacterial properties were also investigated. Results showed that the combination method produced better siliconization of silk fibers, and, consequently, the better siliconization of silk fibers produced better natural dyeing as well as antibacterial properties of their resulting silk yarns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Presenting a facile method using pink flower petals as a new source of green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. • SEM analysis showed that the biosynthesized nanoparticles with pink rose petals had a spherical shape and an average size of 26 nm. • Biosynthesized nanoparticles have Ag0 structure. • Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles with a new synthesis source have antibacterial effects, the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of silver nanoparticles is 400 μg/ml against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and MIC on multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii , and resistant Acinetobacter. It was 800 µg/ml, 3200 µg/ml and 1600 µg/ml, respectively, to several drugs and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Drug resistant bacterial infections can be fatal for disabled people needing multiple medications and new effective antibacterial drugs such as biosynthesized nanoparticles are needed. A cost-effective and green method was studied for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using pink rose petals. Silver nanoparticles (AgNP) were synthesized using the petals of pink rose flowers. The AgNPs were characterized using FITR, SEM, XRD, and EDS analyses. The antibacterial activity of the AgNPs against multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii , and colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae were studied using the microplate method. Th AgNPs had a spherical shape and an average size of 26 nm. XRD analysis showed that the nanoparticles were Ag0. Antibacterial activity was the highest against the multidrug-resistant S. aureus the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) being 400 µg/ml AgNPs. The multidrug-resistant E. coli , multidrug-resistant A. baumannii , and colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae MICs were 800 µg/ml, 3200 µg/ml, and 1600 µg/ml, respectively. The green synthesized of AgNPS using pink rose petals and their antibacterial effects offer material for the treatments of common multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quinoline is a N-containing heterocyclic organic compounds with significant biological importance in pharmaceuticals field as well as natural products. They exhibit excellent pharmacological activities. To synthesize quinoline and their derivatives several synthetic methods have reported, such as conventional method, ultrasonic method, microwave (MW) irradiation method, with or without catalytic reaction, which have various pharmacological and biological activities, such as antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, anti-HIV, antimalarial, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory activity. The objective of this review is to compile various synthetic methods were used for the formation of the Quinoline derivatives and their biological importance, such as antibacterial, anticancer, anti-microbial, antimalarial, antileishmanial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory during 2010–2023, which will help the researchers how are working in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]