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3. Pion contamination in the MICE muon beam

Author

Adams, D., Alekou, A., Apollonio, M., Asfandiyarov, R., Barber, G., Barclay, P., de Bari, A., Bayes, R., Bayliss, V., Bertoni, R., Blackmore, V. J., Blondel, A., Blot, S., Bogomilov, M., Bonesini, M., Booth, C. N., Bowring, D., Boyd, S., Bradshaw, T. W., Bravar, U., Bross, A. D., Capponi, M., Carlisle, T., Cecchet, G., Charnley, C., Chignoli, F., Cline, D., Cobb, J. H., Colling, G., Collomb, N., Coney, L., Cooke, P., Courthold, M., Cremaldi, L. M., DeMello, A., Dick, A., Dobbs, A., Dornan, P., Drews, M., Drielsma, F., Filthaut, F., Fitzpatrick, T., Franchini, P., Francis, V., Fry, L., Gallagher, A., Gamet, R., Gardener, R., Gourlay, S., Grant, A., Greis, J. R., Griffiths, S., Hanlet, P., Hansen, O. M., Hanson, G. G., Hart, T. L., Hartnett, T., Hayler, T., Heidt, C., Hills, M., Hodgson, P., Hunt, C., Iaciofano, A., Ishimoto, S., Kafka, G., Kaplan, D. M., Karadzhov, Y., Kim, Y. K., Kuno, Y., Kyberd, P., Lagrange, J-B, Langlands, J., Lau, W., Leonova, M., Li, D., Lintern, A., Littlefield, M., Long, K., Luo, T., Macwaters, C., Martlew, B., Martyniak, J., Mazza, R., Middleton, S., Moretti, A., Moss, A., Muir, A., Mullacrane, I., Nebrensky, J. J., Neuffer, D., Nichols, A., Nicholson, R., Nugent, J. C., Oates, A., Onel, Y., Orestano, D., Overton, E., Owens, P., Palladino, V., Pasternak, J., Pastore, F., Pidcott, C., Popovic, M., Preece, R., Prestemon, S., Rajaram, D., Ramberger, S., Rayner, M. A., Ricciardi, S., Roberts, T. J., Robinson, M., Rogers, C., Ronald, K., Rubinov, P., Rucinski, P., Sakamato, H., Sanders, D. A., Santos, E., Savidge, T., Smith, P. J., Snopok, P., Soler, F. J. P., Speirs, D., Stanley, T., Stokes, G., Summers, D. J., Tarrant, J., Taylor, I., Tortora, L., Torun, Y., Tsenov, R., Tunnell, C. D., Uchida, M. A., Vankova-Kirilova, G., Virostek, S., Vretenar, M., Warburton, P., Watson, S., White, C., Whyte, C. G., Wilson, A., Winter, M., Yang, X., Young, A., and Zisman, M.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The international Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) will perform a systematic investigation of ionization cooling with muon beams of momentum between 140 and 240\,MeV/c at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory ISIS facility. The measurement of ionization cooling in MICE relies on the selection of a pure sample of muons that traverse the experiment. To make this selection, the MICE Muon Beam is designed to deliver a beam of muons with less than $\sim$1\% contamination. To make the final muon selection, MICE employs a particle-identification (PID) system upstream and downstream of the cooling cell. The PID system includes time-of-flight hodoscopes, threshold-Cherenkov counters and calorimetry. The upper limit for the pion contamination measured in this paper is $f_\pi < 1.4\%$ at 90\% C.L., including systematic uncertainties. Therefore, the MICE Muon Beam is able to meet the stringent pion-contamination requirements of the study of ionization cooling., Comment: 16 pages, 7 figures

Published
2015
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4. Electron-Muon Ranger: performance in the MICE Muon Beam

Author

Adams, D., Alekou, A., Apollonio, M., Asfandiyarov, R., Barber, G., Barclay, P., de Bari, A., Bayes, R., Bayliss, V., Bene, P., Bertoni, R., Blackmore, V. J., Blondel, A., Blot, S., Bogomilov, M., Bonesini, M., Booth, C. N., Bowring, D., Boyd, S., Bradshaw, T. W., Bravar, U., Bross, A. D., Cadoux, F., Capponi, M., Carlisle, T., Cecchet, G., Charnley, C., Chignoli, F., Cline, D., Cobb, J. H., Colling, G., Collomb, N., Coney, L., Cooke, P., Courthold, M., Cremaldi, L. M., Debieux, S., DeMello, A., Dick, A., Dobbs, A., Dornan, P., Drielsma, F., Filthaut, F., Fitzpatrick, T., Franchini, P., Francis, V., Fry, L., Gallagher, A., Gamet, R., Gardener, R., Gourlay, S., Grant, A., Graulich, J. S., Greis, J., Griffiths, S., Hanlet, P., Hansen, O. M., Hanson, G. G., Hart, T. L., Hartnett, T., Hayler, T., Heidt, C., Hills, M., Hodgson, P., Hunt, C., Husi, C., Iaciofano, A., Ishimoto, S., Kafka, G., Kaplan, D. M., Karadzhov, Y., Kim, Y. K., Kuno, Y., Kyberd, P., Lagrange, J-B, Langlands, J., Lau, W., Leonova, M., Li, D., Lintern, A., Littlefield, M., Long, K., Luo, T., Macwaters, C., Martlew, B., Martyniak, J., Masciocchi, F., Mazza, R., Middleton, S., Moretti, A., Moss, A., Muir, A., Mullacrane, I., Nebrensky, J. J., Neuffer, D., Nichols, A., Nicholson, R., Nicola, L., Messomo, E. Noah, Nugent, J. C., Oates, A., Onel, Y., Orestano, D., Overton, E., Owens, P., Palladino, V., Pasternak, J., Pastore, F., Pidcott, C., Popovic, M., Preece, R., Prestemon, S., Rajaram, D., Ramberger, S., Rayner, M. A., Ricciardi, S., Roberts, T. J., Robinson, M., Rogers, C., Ronald, K., Rothenfusser, K., Rubinov, P., Rucinski, P., Sakamato, H., Sanders, D. A., Sandstrom, R., Santos, E., Savidge, T., Smith, P. J., Snopok, P., Soler, F. J. P., Speirs, D., Stanley, T., Stokes, G., Summers, D. J., Tarrant, J., Taylor, I., Tortora, L., Torun, Y., Tsenov, R., Tunnell, C. D., Uchida, M. A., Vankova-Kirilova, G., Virostek, S., Vretenar, M., Warburton, P., Watson, S., White, C., Whyte, C. G., Wilson, A., Wisting, H., Yang, X., Young, A., and Zisman, M.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) will perform a detailed study of ionization cooling to evaluate the feasibility of the technique. To carry out this program, MICE requires an efficient particle-identification (PID) system to identify muons. The Electron-Muon Ranger (EMR) is a fully-active tracking-calorimeter that forms part of the PID system and tags muons that traverse the cooling channel without decaying. The detector is capable of identifying electrons with an efficiency of 98.6%, providing a purity for the MICE beam that exceeds 99.8%. The EMR also proved to be a powerful tool for the reconstruction of muon momenta in the range 100-280 MeV/$c$., Comment: 22 pages, 19 figures

Published
2015
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5. Generating wildlife density data across Europe in the framework of the European Observatory of Wildlife (EOW).

Author

Guerrasio, T, Carniato, D, Acevedo, P, Apollonio, M, Arakelyan, M, Arnon, A, Beatham, S, Belova, O, Berde, L, Berdión, O, Blanco‐Aguiar, JA, Bleier, N, Burgui Oltra, JM, Carvalho, J, Casaer, J, Dijkhuis, L, Duniš, L, Ertuk, A, Dal Mas, M, and Ferroglio, E

Subjects
AFRICAN swine fever, WILD boar, WILDLIFE monitoring, ROE deer, SWINE farms
Abstract

The European Observatory of Wildlife EOW, as part of the ENETWILD project, represents a collaborative network that has been operating since 2021 to develop and implement standardized protocols to obtain harmonized data on distribution and density of target mammal species. In so doing, the EOW aims at contributing to improving the quality of data that are available for wildlife management and risk assessment on a European scale. This report describes the activities carried out during the 2023 EOW campaign, which was joined by a total of 30 organizations who committed to collect data in 44 sites across 22 different countries. We present data on the distribution and density of three species – wild boar (Sus scrofa), European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), and red fox (Vulpes vulpes) – obtained by implementing a camera trapping protocol and by fitting the random encounter model (REM) for density estimation. Camera‐trap images were processed using the Agouti platform and some of its tools specifically designed for the management of camera trapping projects. This includes the use of photogrammetry to obtain parameters for the REM directly from the sequences of images. A total of 24 EOW sites were monitored in past years as well, providing multiannual density estimates and population trends and highlighting an improvement in the precision of the estimates, related to the improved study design and protocol implementation. We also describe the activities of the 2024 campaign, carried out as part of ENETWILD 2.0, where big efforts were made to expand the network, focusing on sites at risk of African Swine Fever, with wild boar/pig interactions and containing wetlands, as potential hubs for Avian Influenza. This effort resulted in the engagement of 40 participants monitoring 64 study sites (27 countries), including 28 study sites located either in infected areas or < 100km from the ASF frontline, and 25 sites with wetland habitats. Furthermore, in at least 20 sites pig farming is practised either intensively, extensively or as backyard farming. Finally, synergies were established with other international initiatives related to wildlife monitoring and disease prevention, with the aim of sharing experiences and sustaining a transnational data collection and harmonization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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7. Pion contamination in the MICE muon beam

Author

Adams, D, Alekou, A, Apollonio, M, Asfandiyarov, R, Barber, G, Barclay, P, de Bari, A, Bayes, R, Bayliss, V, Bertoni, R, Blackmore, VJ, Blondel, A, Blot, S, Bogomilov, M, Bonesini, M, Booth, CN, Bowring, D, Boyd, S, Brashaw, TW, Bravar, U, Bross, AD, Capponi, M, Carlisle, T, Cecchet, G, Charnley, C, Chignoli, F, Cline, D, Cobb, JH, Colling, G, Collomb, N, Coney, L, Cooke, P, Courthold, M, Cremaldi, LM, DeMello, A, Dick, A, Dobbs, A, Dornan, P, Drews, M, Drielsma, F, Filthaut, F, Fitzpatrick, T, Franchini, P, Francis, V, Fry, L, Gallagher, A, Gamet, R, Gardener, R, Gourlay, S, Grant, A, Greis, JR, Griffiths, S, Hanlet, P, Hansen, OM, Hanson, GG, Hart, TL, Hartnett, T, Hayler, T, Heidt, C, Hills, M, Hodgson, P, Hunt, C, Iaciofano, A, Ishimoto, S, Kafka, G, Kaplan, DM, Karadzhov, Y, Kim, YK, Kuno, Y, Kyberd, P, Lagrange, J-B, Langlands, J, Lau, W, Leonova, M, Li, D, Lintern, A, Littlefield, M, Long, K, Luo, T, Macwaters, C, Martlew, B, Martyniak, J, Mazza, R, Middleton, S, Moretti, A, Moss, A, Muir, A, Mullacrane, I, Nebrensky, JJ, Neuffer, D, Nichols, A, Nicholson, R, Nugent, JC, Oates, A, Onel, Y, Orestano, D, Overton, E, Owens, P, Palladino, V, and Pasternak, J

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, Instrumentation for particle accelerators and storage rings - low energy, Beam-line instrumentation (beam position and profile, monitors, beam-intensity monitors, bunch length monitors), physics.ins-det, hep-ex, Engineering, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Physical sciences
Abstract

The international Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) will perform a systematic investigation of ionization cooling with muon beams of momentum between 140 and 240 MeV/c at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory ISIS facility. The measurement of ionization cooling in MICE relies on the selection of a pure sample of muons that traverse the experiment. To make this selection, the MICE Muon Beam is designed to deliver a beam of muons with less than ∼1% contamination. To make the final muon selection, MICE employs a particle-identification (PID) system upstream and downstream of the cooling cell. The PID system includes time-of-flight hodoscopes, threshold-Cherenkov counters and calorimetry. The upper limit for the pion contamination measured in this paper is fπ < 1.4% at 90% C.L., including systematic uncertainties. Therefore, the MICE Muon Beam is able to meet the stringent pion-contamination requirements of the study of ionization cooling.

Published
2016

8. Same landscape, different connectivity: contrasting patterns of gene flow in two sympatric ungulates in a mountain area

Author

Lecis, R, Chirichella, R, Dondina, O, Orioli, V, Azzu, S, Canu, A, Torretta, E, Bani, L, Apollonio, M, Scandura, M, Lecis, Roberta, Chirichella, Roberta, Dondina, Olivia, Orioli, Valerio, Azzu, Silvia, Canu, Antonio, Torretta, Elisa, Bani, Luciano, Apollonio, Marco, Scandura, Massimo, Lecis, R, Chirichella, R, Dondina, O, Orioli, V, Azzu, S, Canu, A, Torretta, E, Bani, L, Apollonio, M, Scandura, M, Lecis, Roberta, Chirichella, Roberta, Dondina, Olivia, Orioli, Valerio, Azzu, Silvia, Canu, Antonio, Torretta, Elisa, Bani, Luciano, Apollonio, Marco, and Scandura, Massimo

Abstract

Comparative landscape genetics studies provide insights on the impact of landscape elements on gene flow patterns of different species inhabiting the same geographic area. We investigated the population genetic structure of two sympatric ungulates, roe deer Capreolus capreolus and Northern chamois Rupicapra rupicapra, in a mountain area of the central Italian Alps (Trentino, northern Italy). A total of 122 chamois and 72 roe deer samples were genotyped by two species-specific panels of 11 polymorphic microsatellite loci and analyzed by aspatial and spatially explicit analyses. While the roe deer population resulted unstructured, a clear population structure was detected in chamois, with two main groups, one inhabiting the eastern and the other spread in the western part of the study area. Landscape genetics analysis confirmed these scenarios and revealed a different effect of landscape on gene flow. An IBD (Isolation-By-Distance) model best explained genetic variation in roe deer, while IBR (Isolation-By-Resistance) was found as the process underlying genetic variation patterns in chamois, suggesting arable lands, coniferous forests, watercourses, and main roads as potential barriers. Species distribution and landscape use might explain these results: roe deer mostly occupy valley floors relatively connected to each other, and their spatial behavior may promote gene flow across areas. On the other hand, chamois prefer higher elevations and their movements may be hindered by valleys, rivers, and road networks. This study highlights the different impacts of natural and anthropic landscape elements on gene flow in two sympatric species, resulting from their different ecological requirements.

Published
2024

9. Electron-muon ranger: Performance in the MICE muon beam

Author

Adams, D, Alekou, A, Apollonio, M, Asfandiyarov, R, Barber, G, Barclay, P, De Bari, A, Bayes, R, Bayliss, V, Bene, P, Bertoni, R, Blackmore, VJ, Blondel, A, Blot, S, Bogomilov, M, Bonesini, M, Booth, CN, Bowring, D, Boyd, S, Bradshaw, TW, Bravar, U, Bross, AD, Cadoux, F, Capponi, M, Carlisle, T, Cecchet, G, Charnley, C, Chignoli, F, Cline, D, Cobb, JH, Colling, G, Collomb, N, Coney, L, Cooke, P, Courthold, M, Cremaldi, LM, Debieux, S, Demello, A, Dick, A, Dobbs, A, Dornan, P, Drielsma, F, Filthaut, F, Fitzpatrick, T, Franchini, P, Francis, V, Fry, L, Gallagher, A, Gamet, R, Gardener, R, Gourlay, S, Grant, A, Graulich, JS, Greis, J, Griffiths, S, Hanlet, P, Hansen, OM, Hanson, GG, Hart, TL, Hartnett, T, Hayler, T, Heidt, C, Hills, M, Hodgson, P, Hunt, C, Husi, C, Iaciofano, A, Ishimoto, S, Kafka, G, Kaplan, DM, Karadzhov, Y, Kim, YK, Kuno, Y, Kyberd, P, Lagrange, JB, Langlands, J, Lau, W, Leonova, M, Li, D, Lintern, A, Littlefield, M, Long, K, Luo, T, Macwaters, C, Martlew, B, Martyniak, J, Masciocchi, F, Mazza, R, Middleton, S, Moretti, A, Moss, A, Muir, A, Mullacrane, I, Nebrensky, JJ, Neuffer, D, Nichols, A, Nicholson, R, Nicola, L, Messomo, EN, and Nugent, JC

Subjects
Particle identification methods, Particle tracking detectors, Performance of High Energy Physics Detectors, Calorimeters, physics.ins-det, hep-ex, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Other Physical Sciences, Physical Sciences, Engineering
Abstract

The Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) will perform a detailed study of ionization cooling to evaluate the feasibility of the technique. To carry out this program, MICE requires an efficient particle-identification (PID) system to identify muons. The Electron-Muon Ranger (EMR) is a fully-active tracking-calorimeter that forms part of the PID system and tags muons that traverse the cooling channel without decaying. The detector is capable of identifying electrons with an efficiency of 98.6%, providing a purity for the MICE beam that exceeds 99.8%. The EMR also proved to be a powerful tool for the reconstruction of muon momenta in the range 100-280 MeV/c.

Published
2015

10. Characterisation of the muon beams for the Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment

Author

The MICE Collaboration, Adams, D., Adey, D., Alekou, A., Apollonio, M., Asfandiyarov, R., Back, J., Barber, G., Barclay, P., de Bari, A., Bayes, R., Bayliss, V., Bertoni, R., Blackmore, V. J., Blondel, A., Blot, S., Bogomilov, M., Bonesini, M., Booth, C. N., Bowring, D., Boyd, S., Bradshaw, T. W., Bravar, U., Bross, A. D., Capponi, M., Carlisle, T., Cecchet, G., Charnley, G., Cobb, J. H., Colling, D., Collomb, N., Coney, L., Cooke, P., Courthold, M., Cremaldi, L. M., DeMello, A., Dick, A., Dobbs, A., Dornan, P., Fayer, S., Filthaut, F., Fish, A., Fitzpatrick, T., Fletcher, R., Forrest, D., Francis, V., Freemire, B., Fry, L., Gallagher, A., Gamet, R., Gourlay, S., Grant, A., Graulich, J. S., Griffiths, S., Hanlet, P., Hansen, O. M., Hanson, G. G., Harrison, P., Hart, T. L., Hartnett, T., Hayler, T., Heidt, C., Hills, M., Hodgson, P., Iaciofano, A., Ishimoto, S., Kafka, G., Kaplan, D. M., Karadzhov, Y., Kim, Y. K., Kolev, D., Kuno, Y., Kyberd, P., Lau, W., Leaver, J., Leonova, M., Li, D., Lintern, A., Littlefield, M., Long, K., Lucchini, G., Luo, T., Macwaters, C., Martlew, B., Martyniak, J., Moretti, A., Moss, A., Muir, A., Mullacrane, I., Nebrensky, J. J., Neuffer, D., Nichols, A., Nicholson, R., Nugent, J. C., Onel, Y., Orestano, D., Overton, E., Owens, P., Palladino, V., Pasternak, J., Pastore, F., Pidcott, C., Popovic, M., Preece, R., Prestemon, S., Rajaram, D., Ramberger, S., Rayner, M. A., Ricciardi, S., Richards, A., Roberts, T. J., Robinson, M., Rogers, C., Ronald, K., Rubinov, P., Rucinski, R., Rusinov, I., Sakamoto, H., Sanders, D. A., Santos, E., Savidge, T., Smith, P. J., Snopok, P., Soler, F. J. P., Stanley, T., Summers, D. J., Takahashi, M., Tarrant, J., Taylor, I., Tortora, L., Torun, Y., Tsenov, R., Tunnell, C. D., Vankova, G., Verguilov, V., Virostek, S., Vretenar, M., Walaron, K., Watson, S., White, C., Whyte, C. G., Wilson, A., Wisting, H., and Zisman, M.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

A novel single-particle technique to measure emittance has been developed and used to characterise seventeen different muon beams for the Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment (MICE). The muon beams, whose mean momenta vary from 171 to 281 MeV/c, have emittances of approximately 1.5--2.3 \pi mm-rad horizontally and 0.6--1.0 \pi mm-rad vertically, a horizontal dispersion of 90--190 mm and momentum spreads of about 25 MeV/c. There is reasonable agreement between the measured parameters of the beams and the results of simulations. The beams are found to meet the requirements of MICE., Comment: Published in EPJC, 20 pages, 15 figures

Published
2013
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11. The EUROnu Project

Author

Edgecock, T. R., Caretta, O., Davenne, T., Densham, C., Fitton, M., Kelliher, D., Loveridge, P., Machida, S., Prior, C., Rogers, C., Rooney, M., Thomason, J., Wilcox, D., Wildner, E., Efthymiopoulos, I., Garoby, R., Gilardoni, S., Hansen, C., Benedetto, E., Jensen, E., Kosmicki, A., Martini, M., Osborne, J., Prior, G., Stora, T., Melo-Mendonca, T., Vlachoudis, V., Waaijer, C., Cupial, P., Chancé, A., Longhin, A., Payet, J., Zito, M., Baussan, E., Bobeth, C., Bouquerel, E., Dracos, M., Gaudiot, G., Lepers, B., Osswald, F., Poussot, P., Vassilopoulos, N., Wurtz, J., Zeter, V., Bielski, J., Kozien, M., Lacny, L., Skoczen, B., Szybinski, B., Ustrycka, A., Wroblewski, A., Marie-Jeanne, M., Balint, P., Fourel, C., Giraud, J., Jacob, J., Lamy, T., Latrasse, L., Sortais, P., Thuillier, T., Mitrofanov, S., Loiselet, M., Keutgen, Th., Delbar, Th., Debray, F., Trophine, C., Veys, S., Daversin, C., Zorin, V., Izotov, I., Skalyga, V., Burt, G., Dexter, A. C., Kravchuk, V. L., Marchi, T., Cinausero, M., Gramegna, F., De Angelis, G., Prete, G., Collazuol, G., Laveder, M., Mazzocco, M., Mezzetto, M., Signorini, C., Vardaci, E., Di Nitto, A., Brondi, A., La Rana, G., Migliozzi, P., Moro, R., Palladino, V., Gelli, N., Berkovits, D., Hass, M., Hirsh, T. Y., Schaumann, M., Stahl, A., Wehner, J., Bross, A., Kopp, J., Neuffer, D., Wands, R., Bayes, R., Laing, A., Soler, P., Agarwalla, S. K., Villanueva, A. Cervera, Donini, A., Ghosh, T., Cadenas, J. J. Gómez, Hernández, P., Martín-Albo, J., Mena, O., Burguet-Castell, J., Agostino, L., Buizza-Avanzini, M., Marafini, M., Patzak, T., Tonazzo, A., Duchesneau, D., Mosca, L., Bogomilov, M., Karadzhov, Y., Matev, R., Tsenov, R., Akhmedov, E., Blennow, M., Lindner, M., Schwetz, T., Martinez, E. Fernández, Maltoni, M., Menéndez, J., Giunti, C., García, M. C. González, Salvado, J., Coloma, P., Huber, P., Li, T., López-Pavón, J., Orme, C., Pascoli, S., Meloni, D., Tang, J., Winter, W., Ohlsson, T., Zhang, H., Scotto-Lavina, L., Terranova, F., Bonesini, M., Tortora, L., Alekou, A., Aslaninejad, M., Bontoiu, C., Kurup, A., Jenner, L. J., Long, K., Pasternak, J., Pozimski, J., Back, J. J., Harrison, P., Beard, K., Bogacz, A., Berg, J. S., Stratakis, D., Witte, H., Snopok, P., Bliss, N., Cordwell, M., Moss, A., Pattalwar, S., and Apollonio, M.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The EUROnu project has studied three possible options for future, high intensity neutrino oscillation facilities in Europe. The first is a Super Beam, in which the neutrinos come from the decay of pions created by bombarding targets with a 4 MW proton beam from the CERN High Power Superconducting Proton Linac. The far detector for this facility is the 500 kt MEMPHYS water Cherenkov, located in the Fr\'ejus tunnel. The second facility is the Neutrino Factory, in which the neutrinos come from the decay of {\mu}+ and {\mu}- beams in a storage ring. The far detector in this case is a 100 kt Magnetised Iron Neutrino Detector at a baseline of 2000 km. The third option is a Beta Beam, in which the neutrinos come from the decay of beta emitting isotopes, in particular 6He and 18Ne, also stored in a ring. The far detector is also the MEMPHYS detector in the Fr\'ejus tunnel. EUROnu has undertaken conceptual designs of these facilities and studied the performance of the detectors. Based on this, it has determined the physics reach of each facility, in particular for the measurement of CP violation in the lepton sector, and estimated the cost of construction. These have demonstrated that the best facility to build is the Neutrino Factory. However, if a powerful proton driver is constructed for another purpose or if the MEMPHYS detector is built for astroparticle physics, the Super Beam also becomes very attractive., Comment: Results from the Framework Programme 7 project EUROnu, which studied three possible accelerator facilities for future high intensity neutrino oscillation facilities in Europe

Published
2013
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13. The design, construction and performance of the MICE target

Author

Booth, C. N., Hodgson, P., Howlett, L., Nicholson, R., Overton, E., Robinson, M., Smith, P. J., Apollonio, M., Barber, G., Dobbs, A., Leaver, J., Long, K. R., Shepherd, B., Adams, D., Capocci, E., McCarron, E., and Tarrant, J.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

The pion-production target that serves the MICE Muon Beam consists of a titanium cylinder that is dipped into the halo of the ISIS proton beam. The design and construction of the MICE target system are described along with the quality-assurance procedures, electromagnetic drive and control systems, the readout electronics, and the data-acquisition system. The performance of the target is presented together with the particle rates delivered to the MICE Muon Beam. Finally, the beam loss in ISIS generated by the operation of the target is evaluated as a function of the particle rate, and the operating parameters of the target are derived., Comment: 58 pages and 49 figures. To be published in JINST

Published
2012
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14. Interim Design Report

Author

Abrams, R. J., Agarwalla, S. K., Alekou, A., Andreopoulos, C., Ankenbrandt, C. M., Antusch, S., Apollonio, M., Aslaninejad, M., Back, J., Ballett, P., Barker, G., Beard, K. B., Benedetto, E., Bennett, J. R. J., Berg, J. S., Bhattacharya, S., Blackmore, V., Blennow, M., Blondel, A., Bogacz, A., Bonesini, M., Bontoiu, C., Booth, C., Bromberg, C., Brooks, S., Bross, A., Caretta, O., Cervera-Villanueva, A., Choubey, S., Cline, D., Cobb, J., Coloma, P., Coney, L., Cummings, M. A. C., Davenne, T., de Gouvea, A., Densham, C., Ding, X., Donini, A., Dornan, P., Dracos, M., Dufour, F., Eccleston, R., Edgecock, R., Efthymiopoulos, I., Ellis, M., Fernandez-Martinez, E., Fernow, R., Flanagan, G., Gallardo, J. C., Gandhi, R., Garoby, R., Gavela, B., Geer, S., Gilardoni, S., Gomez-Cadenas, J. J., Goswami, S., Graves, V. B., Gupta, R., Hanson, G., Harrison, P., Hart, T., Hernandez, P., Huber, P., Indumathi, D., Johnson, R. P., Johnstone, C., Karadzhov, Y., Kelliher, D., Kirk, H., Kopp, J., Kudenko, Y., Kuno, Y., Kurup, A., Kyberd, P., Laing, A., Li, T., Lindner, M., Long, K., Pavon, J. Lopez, Loveridge, P., Machida, S., Majumdar, D., Maltoni, M., Martin-Albo, J., Martini, M., Matev, R., McDonald, K. T., McFarland, A., Meloni, D., Mezzetto, M., Migliozzi, P., Mishra, S. R., Mokhov, N., Mondal, N., Morfin, J., Mori, Y., Morozov, V., Neuffer, D., Ota, T., Palladino, V., Parke, S., Pascoli, S., Pasternak, J., Peltoniemi, J., Petti, R., Planche, T., Popovic, M., Pozimski, J., Prior, G., Prior, C., Rees, G., Rigolin, S., Roberts, T. J., Roblin, Y., Rogers, C., Samulyak, R., Schwetz, T., Simos, N., Sinha, N., Skoro, G., Snopok, P., Soler, F. J. P., Souchlas, N., Strait, J., Stratakis, D., Striganov, S., Tang, J., Thomason, J. W. G., Tortora, L., Tsenov, R., Winter, W., Witte, H., Yasuda, O., Yoshikawa, C. Y., and Zisman, M.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

The International Design Study for the Neutrino Factory (the IDS-NF) was established by the community at the ninth "International Workshop on Neutrino Factories, super-beams, and beta- beams" which was held in Okayama in August 2007. The IDS-NF mandate is to deliver the Reference Design Report (RDR) for the facility on the timescale of 2012/13. In addition, the mandate for the study [3] requires an Interim Design Report to be delivered midway through the project as a step on the way to the RDR. This document, the IDR, has two functions: it marks the point in the IDS-NF at which the emphasis turns to the engineering studies required to deliver the RDR and it documents baseline concepts for the accelerator complex, the neutrino detectors, and the instrumentation systems. The IDS-NF is, in essence, a site-independent study. Example sites, CERN, FNAL, and RAL, have been identified to allow site-specific issues to be addressed in the cost analysis that will be presented in the RDR. The choice of example sites should not be interpreted as implying a preferred choice of site for the facility.

Published
2011

15. MICE: the Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment. Step I: First Measurement of Emittance with Particle Physics Detectors

Author

Bravar, U., Bogomilov, M., Karadzhov, Y., Kolev, D., Russinov, I., Tsenov, R., Wang, L., Xu, F. Y., Zheng, S. X., Bertoni, R., Bonesini, M., Mazza, R., Palladino, V., Cecchet, G., de Bari, A., Capponi, M., Iaciofano, A., Orestano, D., Pastore, F., Tortora, L., Ishimoto, S., Suzuki, S., Yoshimura, K., Mori, Y., Kuno, Y., Sakamoto, H., Sato, A., Yano, T., Yoshida, M., Filthaut, F., Vretenar, M., Ramberger, S., Blondel, A., Cadoux, F., Masciocchi, F., Graulich, J. S., Verguilov, V., Wisting, H., Petitjean, C., Seviour, R., Ellis, M., Kyberd, P., Littlefield, M., Nebrensky, J. J., Forrest, D., Soler, F. J. P., Walaron, K., Cooke, P., Gamet, R., Alecou, A., Apollonio, M., Barber, G., Dobbs, A., Dornan, P., Fish, A., Hare, R., Jamdagni, A., Kasey, V., Khaleeq, M., Long, K., Pasternak, J., Sashalmi, T., Blackmore, V., Cobb, J., Lau, W., Rayner, M., Tunnell, C. D., Witte, H., Yang, S., Alexander, J., Charnley, G., Griffiths, S., Martlew, B., Moss, A., Mullacrane, I., Oats, A., York, S., Apsimon, R., Alexander, R. J., Barclay, P., Baynham, D. E., Bradshaw, T. W., Courthold, M., Hayler, R. Edgecock T., Hills, M., Jones, T., McCubbin, N., Murray, W. J., Nelson, C., Nicholls, A., Norton, P. R., Prior, C., Rochford, J. H., Rogers, C., Spensley, W., Tilley, K., Booth, C. N., Hodgson, P., Nicholson, R., Overton, E., Robinson, M., Smith, P., Adey, D., Back, J., Boyd, S., Harrison, P., Norem, J., Bross, A. D., Geer, S., Moretti, A., Neuffer, D., Popovic, M., Qian, Z., Raja, R., Stefanski, R., Cummings, M. A. C., Roberts, T. J., DeMello, A., Green, M. A., Li, D., Sessler, A. M., Virostek, S., Zisman, M. S., Freemire, B., Hanlet, P., Huang, D., Kafka, G., Kaplan, D. M., Snopok, P., Torun, Y., Onel, Y., Cline, D., Lee, K., Fukui, Y., Yang, X., Rimmer, R. A., Cremaldi, L. M., Hart, T. L., Summers, D. J., Coney, L., Fletcher, R., Hanson, G. G., Heidt, C., Gallardo, J., Kahn, S., Kirk, H., and Palmer, R. B.

Subjects
Physics - Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment (MICE) is a strategic R&D project intended to demonstrate the only practical solution to providing high brilliance beams necessary for a neutrino factory or muon collider. MICE is under development at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) in the United Kingdom. It comprises a dedicated beamline to generate a range of input muon emittances and momenta, with time-of-flight and Cherenkov detectors to ensure a pure muon beam. The emittance of the incoming beam will be measured in the upstream magnetic spectrometer with a scintillating fiber tracker. A cooling cell will then follow, alternating energy loss in Liquid Hydrogen (LH2) absorbers to RF cavity acceleration. A second spectrometer, identical to the first, and a second muon identification system will measure the outgoing emittance. In the 2010 run at RAL the muon beamline and most detectors were fully commissioned and a first measurement of the emittance of the muon beam with particle physics (time-of-flight) detectors was performed. The analysis of these data was recently completed and is discussed in this paper. Future steps for MICE, where beam emittance and emittance reduction (cooling) are to be measured with greater accuracy, are also presented., Comment: Proceedings of the DPF-2011 Conference, Providence, RI, August 8-13, 2011

Published
2011

16. Comparison of large-angle production of charged pions with incident protons on cylindrical long and short targets

Author

The HARP Collaboration, Apollonio, M., Artamonov, A., Bagulya, A., Barr, G., Blondel, A., Bobisut, F., Bogomilov, M., Bonesini, M., Booth, C., Borghi, S., Bunyatov, S., Burguet-Castell, J., Catanesi, M. G., Cervera-Villanueva, A., Chimenti, P., Coney, L., Di Capua, E., Dore, U., Dumarchez, J., Edgecock, R., Ellis, M., Ferri, F., Gastaldi, U., Giani, S., Giannini, G., Gibin, D., Gilardoni, S., Gorbunov, P., Goessling, C., Gomez-Cadenas, J. J., Grant, A., Graulich, J. S., Gregoire, G., Grichine, V., Grossheim, A., Guglielmi, A., Howlett, L., Ivanchenko, A., Ivanchenko, V., Kayis-Topaksu, A., Kirsanov, M., Kolev, D., Krasnoperov, A., Martin-Albo, J., Meurer, C., Mezzetto, M., Mills, G. B., Morone, M. C., Novella, P., Orestano, D., Palladino, V., Panman, J., Papadopoulos, I., Pastore, F., Piperov, S., Polukhina, N., Popov, B., Prior, G., Radicioni, E., Schmitz, D., Schroeter, R., Skoro, G., Sorel, M., Tcherniaev, E., Temnikov, P., Tereschenko, V., Tonazzo, A., Tortora, L., Tsenov, R., Tsukerman, I., Vidal-Sitjes, G., Wiebusch, C., and Zucchelli, P.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The HARP collaboration has presented measurements of the double-differential pi+/pi- production cross-section in the range of momentum 100 MeV/c <= p 800 MeV/c and angle 0.35 rad <= theta <= 2.15 rad with proton beams hitting thin nuclear targets. In many applications the extrapolation to long targets is necessary. In this paper the analysis of data taken with long (one interaction length) solid cylindrical targets made of carbon, tantalum and lead is presented. The data were taken with the large acceptance HARP detector in the T9 beam line of the CERN PS. The secondary pions were produced by beams of protons with momenta 5 GeV/c, 8 GeV/c and 12 GeV/c. The tracking and identification of the produced particles were performed using a small-radius cylindrical time projection chamber (TPC) placed inside a solenoidal magnet. Incident protons were identified by an elaborate system of beam detectors. Results are obtained for the double-differential yields per target nucleon d2 sigma / dp dtheta. The measurements are compared with predictions of the MARS and GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulations., Comment: 43 pages, 20 figures

Published
2009
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17. Large-angle production of charged pions with incident pion beams on nuclear targets

Author

The HARP Collaboration, Apollonio, M., Artamonov, A., Bagulya, A., Barr, G., Blondel, A., Bobisut, F., Bogomilov, M., Bonesini, M., Booth, C., Borghi, S., Bunyatov, S., Burguet-Castell, J., Catanesi, M. G., Cervera-Villanueva, A., Chimenti, P., Coney, L., Di Capua, E., Dore, U., Dumarchez, J., Edgecock, R., Ellis, M., Ferri, F., Gastaldi, U., Giani, S., Giannini, G., Gibin, D., Gilardoni, S., Gorbunov, P., Goessling, C., Gomez-Cadenas, J. J., Grant, A., Graulich, J. S., Gregoire, G., Grichine, V., Grossheim, A., Guglielmi, A., Howlett, L., Ivanchenko, A., Ivanchenko, V., Kayis-Topaksu, A., Kirsanov, M., Kolev, D., Krasnoperov, A., Martin-Albo, J., Meurer, C., Mezzetto, M., Mills, G. B., Morone, M. C., Novella, P., Orestano, D., Palladino, V., Panman, J., Papadopoulos, I., Pastore, F., Piperov, S., Polukhina, N., Popov, B., Prior, G., Radicioni, E., Schmitz, D., Schroeter, R., Skoro, G., Sorel, M., Tcherniaev, E., Temnikov, P., Tereschenko, V., Tonazzo, A., Tortora, L., Tsenov, R., Tsukerman, I., Vidal-Sitjes, G., Wiebusch, C., and Zucchelli, P.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Measurements of the double-differential pi+/- production cross-section in the range of momentum 100 MeV/c <= p <= 800 MeV/c and angle 0.35 rad <= theta <= 2.15 rad using pi+/- beams incident on beryllium, aluminium, carbon, copper, tin, tantalum and lead targets are presented. The data were taken with the large acceptance HARP detector in the T9 beam line of the CERN Proton Synchrotron. The secondary pions were produced by beams in a momentum range from 3 GeV/c to 12.9 GeV/c hitting a solid target with a thickness of 5% of a nuclear interaction length. The tracking and identification of the produced particles was performed using a small-radius cylindrical time projection chamber (TPC) placed inside a solenoidal magnet. Incident particles were identified by an elaborate system of beam detectors. Results are obtained for the double-differential cross-sections d2sigma/dpdtheta at six incident beam momenta. Data at 3 GeV/c, 5 GeV/c, 8 GeV/c, and 12 GeV/c are available for all targets while additional data at 8.9 GeV/c and 12.9 GeV/c were taken in positive particle beams on Be and Al targets, respectively. The measurements are compared with several generators of GEANT4 and the MARS Monte Carlo simulation., Comment: 109 pages, 14 figures

Published
2009
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19. Search for neutrino oscillations on a long base-line at the CHOOZ nuclear power station

Author

Apollonio, M., Baldini, A., Bemporad, C., Caffau, E., Cei, F., Declais, Y., de Kerret, H., Dieterle, B., Etenko, A., Foresti, L., George, J., Giannini, G., Grassi, M., Kozlov, Y., Kropp, W., Kryn, D., Laiman, M., Lane, C. E., Lefievre, B., Machulin, I., Martemyanov, A., Martemyanov, V., Mikaelyan, L., Nicolo, D., Obolensky, M., Pazzi, R., Pieri, G., Price, L., Riley, S., Reeder, R., Sabelnikov, A., Santin, G., Skorokhvatov, M., Sobel, H., Steele, J., Steinberg, R., Sukhotin, S., Tomshaw, S., Veron, D., and Vyrodov, V.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

This final article about the CHOOZ experiment presents a complete description of the electron antineutrino source and detector, the calibration methods and stability checks, the event reconstruction procedures and the Monte Carlo simulation. The data analysis, systematic effects and the methods used to reach our conclusions are fully discussed. Some new remarks are presented on the deduction of the confidence limits and on the correct treatment of systematic errors., Comment: 41 pages, 59 figures, Latex file, accepted for publication by Eur.Phys.J.C

Published
2003
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21. Oscillation Physics with a Neutrino Factory

Author

Apollonio, M.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

A generation of neutrino experiments have established that neutrinos mix and probably have mass. The mixing phenomenon points to processes beyond those of the Standard Model, possibly at the Grand Unification energy scale. A extensive sequence of of experiments will be required to measure precisely all the parameters of the neutrino mixing matrix, culminating with the discovery and study of leptonic CP violation. As a first step, extensions of conventional pion/kaon decay beams, such as off-axis beams or low-energy super-beams, have been considered. These could yield first observations of $\nu_\mu \to \nu_e$ transitions at the atmospheric frequency, which have not yet been observed, and a first measurement of $\theta_{13}$. Experiments with much better flux control can be envisaged if the neutrinos are obtained from the decays of stored particles. One such possibility is the concept of beta beams provided by the decays of radioactive nuclei, that has been developed within the context of these studies. These would provide a pure (anti-)electron-neutrino beam of a few hundred MeV, and beautiful complementarity with a high-intensity, low-energy conventional beam, enabling experimental probes of T violation as well as CP violation. Ultimately, a definitive and complete set of measurements would offered by a Neutrino Factory based on a muon storage ring. This powerful machine offers the largest reach for CP violation, even for very small values of $\theta_{13}$., Comment: 105 pages, to appear on the CERN Yellow Report on the Neutrino Factory Warning: to accomplish arXiv submission rules on file sizes (650M against the original compressed version of 2.5G), figures in this paper have been converted to bitmap, thus resulting in a worse quality. A better-quality version of this paper can be found in www.cern.ch/campanel/main.ps for comments: Mario.Campanelli@cern.ch (editor)

Published
2002

22. Characterisation of the muon beams for the Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment

Author

Adams, D, Adey, D, Alekou, A, Apollonio, M, Asfandiyarov, R, Back, J, Barber, G, Barclay, P, de Bari, A, Bayes, R, Bayliss, V, Bertoni, R, Blackmore, VJ, Blondel, A, Blot, S, Bogomilov, M, Bonesini, M, Booth, CN, Bowring, D, Boyd, S, Bradshaw, TW, Bravar, U, Bross, AD, Capponi, M, Carlisle, T, Cecchet, G, Charnley, G, Cobb, JH, Colling, D, Collomb, N, Coney, L, Cooke, P, Courthold, M, Cremaldi, LM, DeMello, A, Dick, AJ, Dobbs, A, Dornan, P, Fayer, S, Filthaut, F, Fish, A, Fitzpatrick, T, Fletcher, R, Forrest, D, Francis, V, Freemire, B, Fry, L, Gallagher, A, Gamet, R, Gourlay, S, Grant, A, Graulich, JS, Griffiths, S, Hanlet, P, Hansen, OM, Hanson, GG, Harrison, P, Hart, TL, Hartnett, T, Hayler, T, Heidt, C, Hills, M, Hodgson, P, Hunt, C, Iaciofano, A, Ishimoto, S, Kafka, G, Kaplan, DM, Karadzhov, Y, Kim, YK, Kolev, D, Kuno, Y, Kyberd, P, Lau, W, Leaver, J, Leonova, M, Li, D, Lintern, A, Littlefield, M, Long, K, Lucchini, G, Luo, T, Macwaters, C, Martlew, B, Martyniak, J, Middleton, S, Moretti, A, Moss, A, Muir, A, Mullacrane, I, Nebrensky, JJ, Neuffer, D, Nichols, A, Nicholson, R, Nugent, JC, Onel, Y, Orestano, D, Overton, E, Owens, P, and Palladino, V

Subjects
physics.acc-ph, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Quantum Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics
Abstract

A novel single-particle technique to measure emittance has been developed and used to characterise seventeen different muon beams for the Muon Ionisation Cooling Experiment (MICE). The muon beams, whose mean momenta vary from 171 to 281 MeV/c, have emittances of approximately 1.2-2.3 π mm-rad horizontally and 0.6-1.0 π mm-rad vertically, a horizontal dispersion of 90-190 mm and momentum spreads of about 25 MeV/c. There is reasonable agreement between the measured parameters of the beams and the results of simulations. The beams are found to meet the requirements of MICE. © 2013 The Author(s).

Published
2013

23. Limits on Neutrino Oscillations from the CHOOZ Experiment

Author

Apollonio, M., Baldini, A., Bemporad, C., Caffau, E., Cei, F., Declais, Y., de Kerret, H., Dieterle, B., Etenko, A., Foresti, L., George, J., Giannini, G., Grassi, M., Kozlov, Y., Kropp, W., Kryn, D., Laiman, M., Lane, C. E., Lefievre, B., Machulin, I., Martemyanov, A., Martemyanov, V., Mikaelyan, L., Nicolo, D., Obolensky, M., Pazzi, R., Pieri, G., Price, L., Riley, S., Reeder, R., Sabelnikov, A., Santin, G., Skorokhvatov, M., Sobel, H., Steele, J., Steinberg, R., Sukhotin, S., Tomshaw, S., Veron, D., and Vyrodov, V.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

We present new results based on the entire CHOOZ data sample. We find (at 90% confidence level) no evidence for neutrino oscillations in the anti_nue disappearance mode, for the parameter region given by approximately Delta m**2 > 7 x 10**-4 eV^2 for maximum mixing, and sin**2(2 theta) = 0.10 for large Delta m**2. Lower sensitivity results, based only on the comparison of the positron spectra from the two different-distance nuclear reactors, are also presented; these are independent of the absolute normalization of the anti_nue flux, the cross section, the number of target protons and the detector efficiencies., Comment: 19 pages, 11 figures, Latex file

Published
1999
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24. Determination of neutrino incoming direction in the CHOOZ experiment and Supernova explosion location by scintillator detectors

Author

Apollonio, M., Baldini, A., Bemporad, C., Caffau, E., Cei, F., Declais, Y., de Kerret, H., Dieterle, B., Etenko, A., Foresti, L., George, J., Giannini, G., Grassi, M., Kozlov, Y., Kropp, W., Kryn, D., Laiman, M., Lane, C. E., Lefievre, B., Machulin, I., Martemyanov, A., Martemyanov, V., Mikaelyan, L., Nicolo, D., Obolensky, M., Pazzi, R., Pieri, G., Price, L., Riley, S., Reeder, R., Sabelnikov, A., Santin, G., Skorokhvatov, M., Sobel, H., Steele, J., Steinberg, R., Sukhotin, S., Tomshaw, S., Veron, D., and Vyrodov, V.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The CHOOZ experiment measured the antineutrino flux at a distance of about 1 Km from two nuclear reactors in order to detect possible neutrino oscillations with squared mass differences as low as 10**-3 eV**2 for full mixing. We show that the data analysis of the electron antineutrino events, collected by our liquid scintillation detector, locates the antineutrino source within a cone of half-aperture of about 18 degrees at the 68% C.L.. We discuss the implications of this experimental result for tracking down a supernova explosion., Comment: Submitted to Physical Review D

Published
1999
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27. The wolf and the city: insights on wolves' conservation in the anthropocene.

Author

Zanni, M., Brogi, R., Merli, E., and Apollonio, M.

Subjects
WOLF conservation, WOLVES, URBAN animals, WILDLIFE management
Abstract

After a long period of human persecution that led it to extinction in most of its distribution range, the wolf is undergoing a fast recovery. Despite being described as an elusive species only living in remote areas, wolves are recently occupying also human‐dominated landscapes, increasing the frequency of direct contacts with humans. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether this situation is only caused by a numerical increase or partially facilitated by a higher tolerance of wolves with respect to human proximity. We focused on a European region offering an abundant, widespread and long‐term monitored wolf population to analyse wolf pack distribution and its relationship with human presence across areas recolonized across four different time periods (1972, 1996, 2005 and 2016). Throughout areas recolonized during different periods, wolves were initially located in mountains and hills, occupying plains only in the recent past. Although they consistently tended to be located as far as possible from urban settlements, especially from those with over 5000 inhabitants, in 2016, 70% of packs included at least one urban settlement within the expected home range. Moreover, the distance kept by wolves from the nearest urban settlement was more constrained in areas of recent recolonization (2005 and 2016) and in the mountainous altitudinal range, likely due to a reduced availability of territories. We showed that wolves tend to keep as far away as possible from humans, but they can also permanently occupy human‐dominated landscapes to cope with the lower availability of space induced by their remarkably successful recolonization. Our results shed light on an upcoming scenario for the conservation of large carnivores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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29. A sampling strategy for habitat selection, mapping, and abundance estimation of deer by pellet counts

Author

Franceschi, S, Bongi, P, Del Frate, M, Fattorini, L, and Apollonio, M

Subjects
defecation rate, Manly's alpha indices, Ecology, Dama dama, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, clearance counts, inverse distance weighting interpolator, Monte Carlo estimator, tessellation stratified sampling, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation, General Environmental Science
Published
2022
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33. Main roads and land cover shaped the genetic structure of a Mediterranean island wild boar population

Author

Lecis, R, Dondina, O, Orioli, V, Biosa, D, Canu, A, Fabbri, G, Iacolina, L, Cossu, A, Bani, L, Apollonio, M, Scandura, M, Lecis, R, Dondina, O, Orioli, V, Biosa, D, Canu, A, Fabbri, G, Iacolina, L, Cossu, A, Bani, L, Apollonio, M, and Scandura, M

Abstract

Patterns of genetic differentiation within and among animal populations might vary due to the simple effect of distance or landscape features hindering gene flow. An assessment of how landscape connectivity affects gene flow can help guide management, especially in fragmented landscapes. Our objective was to analyze population genetic structure and landscape genetics of the native wild boar (Sus scrofa meridionalis) population inhabiting the island of Sardinia (Italy), and test for the existence of Isolation-by-Distance (IBD), Isolation-by-Barrier (IBB), and Isolation-by-Resistance (IBR). A total of 393 Sardinian wild boar samples were analyzed using a set of 16 microsatellite loci. Signals of genetic introgression from introduced non-native wild boars or from domestic pigs were revealed by a Bayesian cluster analysis including 250 reference individuals belonging to European wild populations and domestic breeds. After removal of introgressed individuals, genetic structure in the population was investigated by different statistical approaches, supporting a partition into five discrete subpopulations, corresponding to five geographic areas on the island: north-west (NW), central west (CW), south-west (SW), north-central east (NCE), and south-east (SE). To test the IBD, IBB, and IBR hypotheses, we optimized resistance surfaces using genetic algorithms and linear mixed-effects models with a maximum likelihood population effects parameterization. Landscape genetics analyses revealed that genetic discontinuities between subpopulations can be explained by landscape elements, suggesting that main roads, urban settings, and intensively cultivated areas are hampering gene flow (and thus individual movements) within the Sardinian wild boar population. Our results reveal how human-transformed landscapes can affect genetic connectivity even in a large-sized and highly mobile mammal such as the wild boar, and provide crucial information to manage the spread of pathogens, includin

Published
2022

36. Past, present and future of chamois science

Author

Corlatti, L., primary, Iacolina, L., additional, Safner, T., additional, Apollonio, M., additional, Buzan, E., additional, Ferretti, F., additional, Hammer, S. E., additional, Herrero, J., additional, Rossi, L., additional, Serrano, E., additional, Arnal, M. C., additional, Brivio, F., additional, Chirichella, R., additional, Cotza, A., additional, Crestanello, B., additional, Espunyes, J., additional, Fernández de Luco, D., additional, Friedrich, S., additional, Gačić, D., additional, Grassi, L., additional, Grignolio, S., additional, Hauffe, H. C., additional, Kavčić, K., additional, Kinser, A., additional, Lioce, F., additional, Malagnino, A., additional, Miller, C., additional, Peters, W., additional, Pokorny, B., additional, Reiner, R., additional, Rezić, A., additional, Stipoljev, S., additional, Tešija, T., additional, Yankov, Y., additional, Zwijacz‐Kozica, T., additional, and Šprem, N., additional

Published
2022
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37. Past, present and future of chamois science

Author

Corlatti, L., Iacolina, L., Safner, T., Apollonio, M., Buzan, E., Ferretti, F., Hammer, S. E., Herrero, J., Rossi, L., Serrano, E., Arnal, M. C., Brivio, F., Chirichella, R., Cotza, A., Crestanello, B., Espunyes, J., Fernández de Luco, D., Friedrich, S., Gačić, D., Grassi, L., Grignolio, S., Hauffe, H. C., Kavčić, K., Kinser, A., Lioce, F., Malagnino, A., Miller, C., Peters, W., Pokorny, B., Reiner, R., Rezić, A., Stipoljev, S., Tešija, T., Yankov, Y., and Šprem, T. Zwijacz-Kozica and N.

Published
2022

38. Wild boar ecology: a review of wild boar ecological and demographic parameters by bioregion all over Europe

Author

Pascual‐rico, R, Acevedo, P, Apollonio, M, Blanco‐aguiar, Ja, Body, G, Del Rio, L, Ferroglio, E, Gomez, A, Keuling, O, Plis, K, Podgórski, T, Preite, L, Ruizrodriguez, C, Scandura, M, Sebastian, M, Soriguer, R, Smith, Gc, Vada, R, Zanet, S, Vicente, J, Carpio, A, and European Food Safety Authority

Abstract

The definition of the most relevant parameters that describe the wild boar (WB) population dynamics is essential to guide African swine fever (ASF) control policies. These parameters should be framed considering different contexts, such as geographic, ecological and management contexts, and gaps of data useful for the parameter definition should be identified. This information would allow better harmonized monitoring of WB populations and higher impact of ASF management actions, as well as better parametrizing population dynamics and epidemiological models, which is key to develop more efficient cost-benefit strategies. This report presents a comprehensive compilation and description of parameters of WB population dynamics, including general drivers, population demography, mortality, reproduction, and spatial behaviour. Beyond the collection of current available data, we provided an open data model to allow academics and wildlife professionals to continuously update new and otherwise hardly accessible data, e.g. those from grey literature which is often not publicly available or only in local languages. This data model, conceived as an open resource and collaborative approach, will be incorporated in the European Observatory of Wildlife (EOW) platform, and include all drivers and population parameters that should be specified in studies on wild boar, and wildlife in general, ecology and epidemiology at the most suitable spatio-temporal resolution. This harmonized approach should be extended to other taxa in the future as an essential tool to improve European capacities to monitor, to produce risk assessment and to manage wildlife under an international perspective., EFSA-Q-2022-00047

Published
2022

40. Sex‐specific impact of tooth wear on senescence in a low‐dimorphic mammal species: The European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus).

Author

Chirichella, R., Apollonio, M., Pokorny, B., and De Marinis, A. M.

Subjects
*TOOTH abrasion, *ROE deer, *SEXUAL dimorphism, *MAMMALS, *SPECIES, *WEIGHT loss, BEETLE anatomy
Abstract

Among ungulates, capital breeding males, especially in highly dimorphic species, support higher reproductive costs than females. Roe deer, a relatively monomorphic species, is defined as an 'income breeder', using a concurrent intake of energy from forage to pay for a reproductive attempt. In a Northern Apennines (Arezzo province, Tuscany, Central Italy) population, we detected sexual dimorphism in adult roe deer according to average body mass (males 11% heavier than females), mandible size (male mandibles are 2% longer than female ones), and tooth measurements (first lower molar 10% higher and mandible cheek teeth row 4% longer in males than in females, providing males with a larger surface for chewing). In our study, body mass and body condition of roe deer males decreased with increasing tooth wear as in females. However, males started losing weight at a lower tooth wear level than females; after losing about 15% (~3.2 kg) of body mass they had greater probability of death than females. For low‐dimorphic species like roe deer, these findings raise new considerations about the role of sexual dimorphism in feed intake efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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41. Launch of the European Wildlife Observatory platform at 13th international symposium on wild boar and other suids (IWBS 2022) ‐ 6‐9 September 2022.

Author

Guerrasio, Tancredi, Acevedo, P, Zanet, S, Vada, R, Blanco‐Aguiar, JA, Casaer, J, Jansen, P, Keuling, O, Plis, K, Podgórski, T, Preite, L, Illanas, S, Sebastian, M, Palencia, P, Laguna, E, Apollonio, M, Brivio, F, Scandura, M, Smith, GC, and Ferroglio, E

Subjects
WILD boar, WILDLIFE conservation, SCIENTIFIC community
Abstract

The International Symposium on Wild Boar and Other Suids (IWBS 2022), which took place in Montseny Biosphere Reserve (Catalonia, Spain) in September 2022, provided to ENETWILD with the opportunity to meet in‐person for the first time after 2.5 years, and meet the international scientific community with expertise on wild suids and other ungulates. Twelve members of ENETWILD consortium representing 6 partners were present. Bringing together international experts, stakeholders and ENETWILD collaborators was a perfect occasion to present the European Observatory of Wildlife (EOW). Two hundred and twenty‐five wildlife experts from 25 countries were present at symposium, and at presentation of the EOW. Overall, 3 'Plenary Talks' and 118 presentations (62 oral and 56 posters) were made. The meeting has gone through all the possible topics regarding wild suids, from genetics to monitoring and management. This was the optimal context to introduce the EOW to an ideal target audience, both in terms of interest and in terms of potential new member of the Network. From our presentation, it emerged the importance of comparable data on geographical distribution and abundance of wildlife hosts in Europe, fundamental to develop the best management policies and to perform effective risk assessments for shared emergent diseases. The adoption of a common and effective protocol adopted throughout the continent would ensure such comparability. Moreover, the discussion highlighted the need of extending the network to as many European countries as possible and, when feasible, of having multiple sites within each country. A number of participants manifested their interest to join the EOW during the 2023 campaign. Such a capillary distribution of observation points would provide solid and comparable density estimates as well as effective feedback about the field protocol implemented by the EOW. A number of questions were raised by the audience during the presentation of the EOW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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42. Development of an app for processing data on wildlife density in the field.

Author

Blanco‐Aguiar, JA, Acevedo, P, Apollonio, M, Carniato, D, Casaer, J, Ferroglio, E, Guerrasio, T, Gómez‐Molina, A, Jansen, P, Illanas, S, Laguna, E, Liefting, Y, Keuling, O, Palencia, P, Preite, L, Plis, K, Podgórski, T, Rowcliffe, M, Ruiz, C, and Sebastian, M

Subjects
OPEN source software, MOBILE apps, DATA management
Abstract

It is essential to provide tools to wildlife professionals and researchers in order to facilitate data collection on wildlife density estimation following standardized protocols in the field. This is relevant for efficient harmonized data management systems, from the field to final reporting. Our main objective was to facilitate the collection of information in the field using established density estimation protocols. The specific objectives were (i) to evaluate and use already existing data registration IT tools for collecting and storing the data in the field; (ii) to make these data available in real time (cloud‐based solution), and (iii) being flexible enough to incorporate new protocols and species, as methods (such as camera trap‐based) and needs continuously evolves. We improved an already existing tool, Spatial Monitoring and Reporting Tool (SMART; https://smartconservationtools.org/). It is an open source software, which allows easily collect, visualize, store, analyze, report and act on a wide range of field data relevant for wildlife monitoring. The integration of SMART tools on EOW was successfully done for (i) distance sampling, (ii) hunting data and (iii) camera trap protocols. ENETWILD, therefore, made now available new IT functionalities to wildlife professionals and researchers to facilitate and harmonize wildlife data collection systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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43. Report of the ENETWILD training "Second online course on the use of camera trapping for monitoring wildlife and density estimation in the framework of the European Observatory of Wildlife‐EOW".

Author

Guerrasio, T, Blanco‐Aguiar, JA, Casaer, J, Palencia, P, Acevedo, P, Jansen, P, Rowcliffe, M, Scandura, M, Apollonio, M, Preite, L, and Vicente, J

Subjects
ONLINE education, ARTIFICIAL intelligence, BIOLOGISTS
Abstract

During summer 2022, the European Wildlife Observatory (EOW2), involving 50 study areas in at least 30 European countries, has applied similar camera‐trapping‐based population estimation protocols and data collection standards to facilitate harmonization and interoperability. For this purpose, continuous training of the network of wildlife professionals in Europe is a key activity of the EOW. In this context, in May 2022 the ENETWILD consortium organized a first online training course to update information on methodology to process with next steps in the field. The course here reported took place in two different dates, 28th September, and 21st November 2022, online. The first part of the course (28th September) presented the progress of the EOW and focused on the analytical tools incorporated to Agouti app, on the use of information technology tools and artificial intelligence to process and analyse photo‐trappings to finally obtain a standardized database, ready for analysis. The main objective of the course offered on 21st November was providing detailed instructions on running the random encounter model (REM) on camera trap data packages from Agouti and incorporating some recommendations to improve the calibration of images for distance estimation. We also presented SMART app adapted to the EOW, which facilitates the collection of information in the field using stablished density estimation protocols to make these data available in the destock in real time (cloud‐based solution). SMART is flexible enough to incorporate new protocols and species, as methods (such as camera traps‐based) and needs continuously evolve. The integration of SMART tools on EOW was successfully done for (i) distance sampling, (ii) hunting data and (iii) camera trap protocols. This course was successfully attended by 46 wildlife biologists, animal health professionals and wildlife experts from national hunting and forestry authorities. Detailed explanations, protocols, and examples for applying such protocols were provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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44. Forward [formula omitted] production in p–O 2 and p–N 2 interactions at 12 GeV/ c

Author

Catanesi, M.G., Radicioni, E., Edgecock, R., Ellis, M., Gößling, C., Bunyatov, S., Krasnoperov, A., Popov, B., Tereschenko, V., Capua, E. Di, Vidal–Sitjes, G., Artamonov, A., Giani, S., Gilardoni, S., Gorbunov, P., Grant, A., Grossheim, A., Ivanchenko, A., Ivanchenko, V., Kayis-Topaksu, A., Panman, J., Papadopoulos, I., Tcherniaev, E., Tsukerman, I., Wiebusch, C., Zucchelli, P., Blondel, A., Borghi, S., Morone, M.C., Prior, G., Schroeter, R., Meurer, C., Gastaldi, U., Mills, G.B., Graulich, J.S., Grégoire, G., Bonesini, M., Ferri, F., Kirsanov, M., Bagulya, A., Grichine, V., Polukhina, N., Palladino, V., Coney, L., Schmitz, D., Barr, G., Bobisut, F., Gibin, D., Guglielmi, A., Mezzetto, M., Dumarchez, J., Dore, U., Orestano, D., Pastore, F., Tonazzo, A., Tortora, L., Booth, C., Howlett, L., Bogomilov, M., Kolev, D., Tsenov, R., Piperov, S., Temnikov, P., Apollonio, M., Chimenti, P., Giannini, G., Burguet-Castell, J., Cervera-Villanueva, A., Gómez-Cadenas, J.J., Martín-Albo, J., and Sorel, M.

Published
2008
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45. Measurement of the production cross-sections of [formula omitted] in p–C and [formula omitted]–C interactions at 12 GeV/c

Author

Catanesi, M.G., Radicioni, E., Edgecock, R., Ellis, M., Robbins, S., Soler, F.J.P., Gößling, C., Bunyatov, S., Krasnoperov, A., Popov, B., Tereshchenko, V., Di Capua, E., Vidal-Sitjes, G., Artamonov, A., Giani, S., Gilardoni, S., Gorbunov, P., Grant, A., Grossheim, A., Gruber, P., Ivanchenko, V., Kayis-Topaksu, A., Panman, J., Papadopoulos, I., Tcherniaev, E., Tsukerman, I., Veenhof, R., Wiebusch, C., Zucchelli, P., Blondel, A., Borghi, S., Campanelli, M., Morone, M.C., Prior, G., Schroeter, R., Engel, R., Meurer, C., Kato, I., Gastaldi, U., Mills, G.B., Graulich, J.S., Grégoire, G., Bonesini, M., Ferri, F., Kirsanov, M., Bagulya, A., Grichine, V., Polukhina, N., Palladino, V., Coney, L., Schmitz, D., Barr, G., De Santo, A., Pattison, C., Zuber, K., Bobisut, F., Gibin, D., Guglielmi, A., Mezzetto, M., Dumarchez, J., Vannucci, F., Dore, U., Orestano, D., Pastore, F., Tonazzo, A., Tortora, L., Booth, C., Howlett, L., Bogomilov, M., Chizhov, M., Kolev, D., Tsenov, R., Piperov, S., Temnikov, P., Apollonio, M., Chimenti, P., Giannini, G., Santin, G., Burguet-Castell, J., Cervera-Villanueva, A., Gómez-Cadenas, J.J., Martín-Albo, J., Novella, P., and Sorel, M.

Published
2008
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47. The COMPASS RICH-1 detector upgrade

Author

Abbon, P., Alekseev, M., Angerer, H., Apollonio, M., Birsa, R., Bordalo, P., Bradamante, F., Bressan, A., Busso, L., Chiosso, M., Ciliberti, P., Colantoni, M. L., Costa, S., Dalla Torre, S., Dafni, T., Delagnes, E., Deschamps, H., Diaz, V., Dibiase, N., Duic, V., Eyrich, W., Faso, D., Ferrero, A., Finger, M., Finger, Jr., M., Fischer, H., Gerassimov, S., Giorgi, M., Gobbo, B., Hagemann, R., von Harrach, D., Heinsius, F. H., Joosten, R., Ketzer, B., Königsmann, K., Kolosov, V. N., Konorov, I., Kramer, D., Kunne, F., Lehmann, A., Levorato, S., Maggiora, A., Magnon, A., Mann, A., Martin, A., Menon, G., Mutter, A., Nähle, O., Nerling, F., Neyret, D., Pagano, P., Panebianco, S., Panzieri, D., Paul, S., Pesaro, G., Polak, J., Rebourgeard, P., Robinet, F., Rocco, E., Schiavon, P., Schill, C., Schröder, W., Silva, L., Slunecka, M., Sozzi, F., Steiger, L., Sulc, M., Svec, M., Tessarotto, F., Teufel, A., and Wollny, H.

Published
2008
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48. Large-angle production of charged pions by 3-12.9 GeV/c protons on beryllium, aluminium and lead targets

Author

Catanesi, M.G., Radicioni, E., Edgecock, R., Ellis, M., Soler, F.J.P., Gößling, C., Bunyatov, S., Krasnoperov, A., Popov, B., Serdiouk, V., Tereschenko, V., Di Capua, E., Vidal-Sitjes, G., Artamonov, A., Giani, S., Gilardoni, S., Gorbunov, P., Grant, A., Grossheim, A., Ivanchenko, A., Ivanchenko, V., Kayis-Topaksu, A., Panman, J., Papadopoulos, I., Tcherniaev, E., Tsukerman, I., Veenhof, R., Wiebusch, C., Zucchelli, P., Blondel, A., Borghi, S., Morone, M.C., Prior, G., Schroeter, R., Meurer, C., Gastaldi, U., Mills, G.B., Graulich, J.S., Grégoire, G., Bonesini, M., Ferri, F., Kirsanov, M., Bagulya, A., Grichine, V., Polukhina, N., Palladino, V., Coney, L., Schmitz, D., Barr, G., De Santo, A., Bobisut, F., Gibin, D., Guglielmi, A., Mezzetto, M., Dumarchez, J., Dore, U., Orestano, D., Pastore, F., Tonazzo, A., Tortora, L., Booth, C., Howlett, L., Bogomilov, M., Chizhov, M., Kolev, D., Tsenov, R., Piperov, S., Temnikov, P., Apollonio, M., Chimenti, P., Giannini, G., Burguet-Castell, J., Cervera-Villanueva, A., Gómez-Cadenas, J.J., Martín-Albo, J., Novella, P., Sorel, M., and The HARP Collaboration

Published
2008
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49. Large-angle production of charged pions by 3 GeV/c–12 GeV/c protons on carbon, copper and tin targets

Author

Catanesi, M.G., Radicioni, E., Edgecock, R., Ellis, M., Robbins, S., Soler, F.J.P., Gößling, C., Bunyatov, S., Krasnoperov, A., Popov, B., Serdiouk, V., Tereschenko, V., Di Capua, E., Vidal-Sitjes, G., Arce, P., Artamonov, A., Giani, S., Gilardoni, S., Gorbunov, P., Grant, A., Grossheim, A., Gruber, P., Ivanchenko, V., Kayis-Topaksu, A., Panman, J., Papadopoulos, I., Pasternak, J., Tcherniaev, E., Tsukerman, I., Veenhof, R., Wiebusch, C., Zucchelli, P., Blondel, A., Borghi, S., Campanelli, M., Morone, M.C., Prior, G., Schroeter, R., Engel, R., Meurer, C., Kato, I., Gastaldi, U., Mills, G.B., Graulich, J.S., Grégoire, G., Kirsanov, M., Bonesini, M., Ferri, F., Paganoni, M., Paleari, F., Bagulya, A., Grichine, V., Polukhina, N., Palladino, V., Coney, L., Schmitz, D., Barr, G., De Santo, A., Pattison, C., Zuber, K., Bobisut, F., Gibin, D., Guglielmi, A., Mezzetto, M., Dumarchez, J., Vannucci, F., Dore, U., Orestano, D., Pastore, F., Tonazzo, A., Tortora, L., Booth, C., Buttar, C., Hodgson, P., Howlett, L., Bogomilov, M., Chizhov, M., Kolev, D., Tsenov, R., Piperov, S., Temnikov, P., Apollonio, M., Chimenti, P., Giannini, G., Santin, G., Burguet-Castell, J., Cervera-Villanueva, A., Gómez-Cadenas, J.J., Martín-Albo, J., Novella, P., Sorel, M., Tornero, A., and The HARP Collaboration

Published
2008
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50. Measurement of the production cross-section of positive pions in the collision of 8.9 GeV/c protons on beryllium

Author

Catanesi, The HARP CollaborationM.G., Radicioni, E., Edgecock, R., Ellis, M., Robbins, S., Soler, F.J.P., Gößling, C., Bunyatov, S., Chelkov, G., Dedovitch, D., Gostkin, M., Guskov, A., Khartchenko, D., Krasnoperov, A., Kroumchtein, Z., Nefedov, Y., Popov, B., Serdiouk, V., Tereshchenko, V., Zhemchugov, A., Di Capua, E., Vidal-Sitjes, G., Artamonov, A., Arce, P., Giani, S., Gilardoni, S., Gorbunov, P., Grant, A., Grossheim, A., Gruber, P., Ivanchenko, V., Kayis-Topaksu, A., Panman, J., Papadopoulos, I., Pasternak, J., Tcherniaev, E., Tsukerman, I., Veenhof, R., Wiebusch, C., Zucchelli, P., Blondel, A., Borghi, S., Campanelli, M., Morone, M.C., Prior, G., Schroeter, R., Engel, R., Meurer, C., Kato, I., Gastaldi, U., Mills, G.B., Graulich, J.S., Grégoire, G., Bonesini, M., De Min, A., Ferri, F., Paganoni, M., Paleari, F., Kirsanov, M., Bagulya, A., Grichine, V., Polukhina, N., Palladino, V., Coney, L., Schmitz, D., Barr, G., De Santo, A., Pattison, C., Zuber, K., Bobisut, F., Gibin, D., Guglielmi, A., Mezzetto, M., Dumarchez, J., Vannucci, F., Ammosov, V., Koreshev, V., Semak, A., Zaets, V., Dore, U., Orestano, D., Pastore, F., Tonazzo, A., Tortora, L., Booth, C., Buttar, C., Hodgson, P., Howlett, L., Bogomilov, M., Chizhov, M., Kolev, D., Tsenov, R., Piperov, S., Temnikov, P., Apollonio, M., Chimenti, P., Giannini, G., Santin, G., Burguet-Castell, J., Cervera-Villanueva, A., Gómez-Cadenas, J.J., Martín-Albo, J., Novella, P., Sorel, M., and Tornero, A.

Published
2007
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