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none 1 si none giuseppe cirillo Cirillo, Giuseppe

Individuals exposed to traumatic events can develop Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and depression, but also subclinical behavioral and emotional changes. Although persons exposed to trauma without PTSD show greater resilience, and are better at regulating emotions, with respect to trauma survivors with PTSD, they are anyway more prone to develop physical and psychological maladaptive changes to subsequent stressful experiences. Indeed, especially persons surviving to natural disasters, as earthquakes, can show complex patterns of non-psychopathological responses to traumatic experiences suggesting hypervigilance to signals of threat, and in particular to stimuli conveying self-relevant threatening information. Here, we review neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies uncovering the neural and cognitive mechanisms involved in these non-clinical psychological responses to natural disasters.

none 1 none Angelo Di Falco DI FALCO, Angelo

none 8 no The present study focuses on visual scanning techniques of expert and novice helicopter pilots during an open sea flight simulation in two different workload conditions. Twelve helicopter pilots were involved. Mental workload was assessed through psycho-physiological (EDA and HR) and psychological measures (NASA-TLX). The pilots’ performance was assessed. Eye movements were recorded to analyse the differences in visual scanning techniques. More fixations were made OTW than ITC, but it did not differ between groups and conditions. Fixations were longer OTW than ITC, and they were shorter in high cognitive demand condition than low cognitive demand condition. Higher number of fixations was recorded on the centre line during landing, and on the instruments during cruise phase. The research highlighted that external conditions might change the visual scanning strategy of pilots. The implications for a new visual landing system design, as well as the limitations of the study are ultimately discussed. mixed Rainieri, Giuseppe; Fraboni, Federico; Tušl, Martin; Russo, Gabriele; Giusino, Davide; De Angelis, Marco; Tria, Annagrazia; Pietrantoni, Luca Rainieri, Giuseppe; Fraboni, Federico; Tušl, Martin; Russo, Gabriele; Giusino, Davide; De Angelis, Marco; Tria, Annagrazia; Pietrantoni, Luca

none 1 no Giles of Rome developed his personal positions about signification in general and linguistic signification in particular discussing contemporary or immediately preceding authors’ views; Robert Kilwardby, Albert the Great and probably various authors of the Modistic milieu worked out their positions, both in grammatical and logical writings, in the years before the composition of Giles’ exposition on the Sophistical Refutations (ca. 1274). In what follows, I shall first sketch Giles’ positions on signs and linguistic signification, then show how his discussions about homonymy are linked to contemporary debates, and finally point to some of Giles’ positions that were discussed, criticized and sometimes misunderstood by later Modists, such as Simon of Faversham, the Anonymous of Prague and Radulphus Brito, in their commentaries on the Sophistical Refutations around the end of XIIIth century. mixed Marmo Marmo

While relapsing&ndash, remitting is the most prevalent course of multiple sclerosis, the prognostic/predictive markers of the worsening of symptomatology are still debated. With reference to other diseases, the study of the circadian activity rhythm, according to the theoretical framework of the two-process model of sleep regulation and applying functional linear modeling, proved to be useful to identify a possible marker. The usefulness of the study of circadian activity rhythm in multiple sclerosis is strengthened by recent findings indicating a potential involvement of circadian factors in the multifactorial etiopathology of the disorder. The aim of the present study was to verify whether circadian activity rhythm of early relapsing&ndash, remitting multiple sclerosis patients presents specific alterations, through functional linear modeling. Thirty-five relapsing&ndash, remitting multiple sclerosis patients (24 females, mean age &plusmn, SD = 31.51 &plusmn, 7.74) and 35 healthy controls (24 females, SD = 31.29 &plusmn, 8.02) were enrolled. They wore an actigraph around the non-dominant wrist for one week. Relapsing&ndash, remitting multiple sclerosis patients showed a peak in motor activity around 5:00 a.m., higher than that of healthy controls. The timing of the peak in motor activity in the patients could be explained according to the hyperactive hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and higher cortisol awakening response reported in these patients.

Objectives This study is a replication of a study examining the causal impact of a brief exposure to deviant peers on own deviant behavior, i.e., Paternoster et al. (Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 50:476–503, 2013). This study retested this design using different monetary incentives and a female deviant peer. Methods A total of 69 university students (61% female) from the Netherlands participated in this laboratory-based study (Mage = 20.64; SD = 2.00) under the façade of a study on individual differences predicting memory recall. Participants could earn up to 10 euros. All participants had the opportunity to cheat to illegitimately earn more money (deviancy). Participants in the experimental condition were exposed to a deviant peer who verbalized her intention to cheat, justified this behavior, and then visibly cheated on the memory recall task. Results Although participants in both conditions engaged in some deviancy, the brief exposure to a deviant peer significantly increased the amount of deviancy compared to participants who were not exposed to a deviant peer. These results were consistent after controlling for different demographic and theoretical control variables that predict deviancy. Conclusions Although not identical in magnitude, our results echo those found by Paternoster et al. (2013): Even a brief exposure to a previously unknown deviant peer increases the amount of deviant behavior in young adults. Future research should examine factors predicting the susceptibility to (different types and thresholds of) deviant peer influence. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11292-017-9305-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

none 2 no Not only has the philosophical debate on causation been gaining ground in the last few decades, but it has also increasingly addressed the sciences. The biomedical sciences are among the most prominent fields that have been considered, with a number of works tackling the understanding of the notion of cause, the assessment of genuinely causal relations and the use of causal knowledge in applied contexts. Far from denying the merits of the debate on causation and the major theories it comprises, this paper is meant as a stimulus for theorists of causation in the philosophy of biomedicine, with a focus on clinical matters. Without aiming at putting forward an original theory of causation and starting from the narration of two actual but paradigmatic cases at the joints between biomedical research and clinical practice, we want to point out that some pathological situations addressed by molecular medicine actually prove resistant to (at least) some of our major epistemological accounts of causal explanation. Given this scenario, which is very frequent in our hospitals, our analysis aims to provide a stimulus for the debate among theorists of causation in biomedicine interested in real cases in science in practice. We believe that this might in turn encourage some more general rethinking of the complex intertwinement of science, philosophy of science and ethics, as well as of the role of philosophy of science for clinical medicine itself. First Online: 06 October 2017 Giovanni, Boniolo; Raffaella, Campaner Giovanni, Boniolo; Raffaella, Campaner

none 4 no Two secondary analyses of previously collected data were carried out to detect the best screening strategy for primary insomnia (Study 1) and narcolepsy type 1 (Study 2) between two different approaches: (A) step-by-step (i.e. first step: subjective assessment through mini sleep questionnaire–MSQ; second step: objective assessment through actigraphic assessment only for those positive at the first step) and (B) single step (i.e. simultaneous subjective and objective assessment). Forty-six healthy controls (HC) and 46 primary insomnia patients (PI) were analyzed in Study 1; 40 HC and 40 narcolepsy type-1 patients (NT1) were analyzed in Study 2. All participants originally wore the Micro Motionlogger Watch actigraph (Ambulatory Monitoring, Inc., Ardlsey, NY) around the non-dominant wrist for seven consecutive days, and upon completing the actigraphic assessment filled in the MSQ. In Study 1, the single-step approach correctly identified 93.48% of PI, while only 50% of PI were correctly identified by the step-by-step approach. In Study 2, 100% of NT1 was correctly classified through the single-step approach, while 72.5% according to the step-by-step approach. The result of both studies highlights the higher appropriateness of single step (i.e. bi-dimensional assessment) compared to step-by-step approach to screen primary insomnia and narcolepsy type-1 patients. none Tonetti, Lorenzo*; Filardi, Marco; Plazzi, Giuseppe; Natale, Vincenzo Tonetti, Lorenzo*; Filardi, Marco; Plazzi, Giuseppe; Natale, Vincenzo

none 1 si This article deals with the birth of the Studium of Medicine in Bologna during the 13th century. The theme of the beginning of teaching in a context of spontaneous origin highlights the fluidity of the object of the research. Also through a comparative analysis, it is possible to follow the growing interest in teaching medicine before the birth of the universitas as an associative institution. In fact, some clues show the progressive stabilization of these teachings: their institutional consecration corresponded to the end of a process of affirmation and to the definitive recognition for students and teachers of medical and artistic disciplines as autonomous organizations Este articulo trata sobre el nacimiento del Studium de Medicina de Bolonia durante el siglo XIII. El tema del comienzo de la enseñanza en un contexto de origen espontáneo resalta lo fluido del objeto de estudio. A través de un análisis comparativo, es posible seguir el creciente interés en la enseñanza de la medicina antes del nacimiento de la universitas como institución asociativa. De hecho, diversas claves muestran la progresiva estabilización de estas enseñanzas: su consagración institucional corresponde al final de un proceso de afirmación y reconocimiento definitivo para estudiantes y profesores de disciplinas médicas y artísticas como organizaciones autónomas. mixed T. Duranti T. Duranti

open 1 no Whether abstract concepts can also be fully explained by an embodied and grounded approach, is a topic of increasing debate. However, the theories that have been put forward tend to treat abstract concepts as a unitary whole in opposition to [the category of] concrete concepts; furthermore, in empirical research there is no agreement on the criteria for selecting stimuli. This study investigates the implications of these limitations with the aim of proposing an alternative research approach. We briefly analyze the differences between abstract and concrete concepts and the models used to describe their relationships. After introducing recent research perspectives, we highlight how the hypotheses of multiple representation theories are reflected in various psycholinguistic parameters that are useful for analyzing differences between types of abstract concepts across multiple dimensions. We suggest integrating the model of the monodimensional continuum of concreteness/abstractness, in order to provide an account for the varieties of abstract concepts. open Villani, Caterina Villani, Caterina

Objective Hepatitis B virus infection is a relevant health problem with more than 400 million infected people worldwide. Our aim was to analyze quality of life of hepatitis B virus surface antigen-positive patients in inactive status or treated with antivirals. Patients and methods Patients referred to our center between February and October 2016 were prospectively enrolled. Half-structured interview was used for examining psychological symptoms and Illness Behavior Questionnaire for exploring attitudes toward illness. We used World Health Organization Quality of Life-short version survey for studying quality of life and logistic regression to find possible predictors of nonadequate quality of life. Results The study involved 102 patients. At Illness Behavior Questionnaire test, psychological perception of illness (21.6%), and denial of illness itself (13.7%) were the most frequent conditions. Inactive and treated subgroups were comparable for almost all variables and scores, but patients on treatment were significantly more often male, older, and cirrhotic. Sleep disturbance emerged as an independent predictor of inadequate quality of life in Physical health, anxiety in Social relationship, and both anxiety and hostility in Environmental health domain. Conclusion Inactive carriers and patients on treatment showed the same global quality of life, but the second group was older and more frequently with an advanced liver disease. Further studies might specifically evaluate the impact of antiviral therapy on quality of life.

none 6 no Published online: 09 October 2017 Background:: Evidence concerning when and in which manner older people living in nursing homes (NHs) would prefer to discuss advance care planning (ACP) is still scarce. This study explored the attitudes of NH residents and family members toward ACP and their opinions as to the right time to broach the subject, the manner in which it should be approached, and the content of ACP. Methods:: This was a qualitative study using face-to-face interviews with 30 residents (age range 66–94), and 10 family members from 4 Italian NHs. The interviews were analyzed using content analysis. Results:: Three main themes were identified: (1) life in the NH, including thoughts about life in a nursing home, residents’ concerns, wishes and fears, and communication barriers; (2) future plans and attitudes toward ACP, including attitudes toward planning for the future and plans already made, and attitudes toward and barriers against ACP; (3) contents and manner of ACP, including contents of ACP discussions, the right moment to introduce ACP, with whom it is better to discuss ACP, and attitudes toward advance directives. Conclusions:: ACP was a welcome intervention for the majority of participants, but an individualized assessment of the person's readiness to be involved in ACP is needed. For people with dementia, it is essential to identify the right time to introduce ACP before NH admission. Participants in our study suggested that ACP should include palliative care and practical issues, and that in the NH setting all staff and family members may have a valuable role in ACP. none Ingravallo, Francesca; Mignani, Veronica; Mariani, Elena; Ottoboni, Giovanni; Melon, Marie Christine; Chattat, Rabih Ingravallo, Francesca; Mignani, Veronica; Mariani, Elena; Ottoboni, Giovanni; Melon, Marie Christine; Chattat, Rabih

none 2 si Teachers', parents' and students' beliefs about their reciprocal roles and responsibilities at school are crucial if responsibility for educational process and outcomes is to be effectively shared. Results of previous research, however, indicate that their perspectives on responsibility do not completely overlap. By investigating 235 students', 35 teachers' and 175 parents' assignment of responsibility to themselves or to others at an Italian junior-high in parallel with a high school, this study shows that students', parents' and teachers' ascription of responsibility significantly differs, especially concerning parent responsibility in school and students' own perceived responsibility. The study suggests the need for and importance of further investigating the interplay of responsibility assignment in the school context so as to help schools create a positive and effective school-family relationship, establishing a mutually accepted frame of responsibility. mixed Matteucci, Maria Cristina; Helker, Kerstin Matteucci, Maria Cristina; Helker, Kerstin

none 2 no Il volume approfondisce l‘articolazione tra passato e presente attraverso i concetti di identità e memoria, sia dal punto di vista teorico, sia mediante una raccolta di testi della letteratura storica ed etnografica, illustrando la complessità e l‘importanza della costruzione culturale del passato. none Matera Vincenzo; Fabietti Ugo Matera Vincenzo; Fabietti Ugo

none 2 no Possiamo considerare i commons come forme creative? In relazione a quali processi emerge il loro carattere di novità? Per rispondere a queste domande la creatività dei processi di commoning verrà considerata come il risultato della collettiva esplorazione e implicazione pratica delle persone con i loro ambienti. L’idea di spazi comuni, riformulata a partire dalla prospettiva socio-ecologica di Ingold (2000, 2007, 2011), verrà collegata ai concetti di “soglia” e di “porosità” proposti da Stavrides (2010, 2014), e al discorso sulla creatività culturale come enunciato da Favole (2010), Liep (2001b) e Wagner (1992). A partire da queste premesse teoriche e basandosi sui risultati di un lavoro di campo di due mesi svolto ad Atene nel 2015, l’analisi seguirà tre pratiche di creazione del comune, portate avanti nel corso degli ultimi anni nella capitale greca: il Parco Navarinou, l’Agros Elliniko e il Libero Teatro Autogestito Embros. Il contesto entro cui questi spazi comuni sono emersi è quello di un’esperienza urbana caratterizzata dall’ingiustizia sociale, prodotta dalla forza di striatura (Deleuze e Guattari, 2014) dei poteri economico-amministrativi. È nel confronto con la logica astratta delle striature che gli spazi comuni emergono come forme di creatività collettiva. open emanuele frixa; marco volpini emanuele frixa; marco volpini

open 2 si Poichè la Rivista ha diffusione internazionale ed è presente in molti cataloghi e banche dati nazionali e internazionali, l'abstract è tradotto in spagnolo, in francese e in inglese.Per maggiori approfondimenti: http://investigacionenlaescuela.es/index.php/presentacion/presencia-de-la-revista The environmental crisis is now evident and its manifestations are so numerous and powerful (from climate change, to the increasing social and economic instability, from the progressive loss of biodiversity, to the reduction of resources ...) to make unavoidable and urgent the necessity to make a change capable of satisfying the needs of the present generation, without compromising the possibility that future generations will be able to satisfy their own (Brundtland, 1987). Despite the hard evidence, the answers are still too timid. It is increasingly important to involve new generations in a process of awareness about these themes through which they can build their own experience, direct and concrete. What future could have a public educational institution that was not able to develop culture on the most urgent problems of our time? In order to promote change it is therefore necessary (to promote as well) a constant and continuous educational commitment capable of translating into a re-appropriation and knowledge of the environment in which we live. Starting from these premises, an Erasmus Plus project entitled "School Territory Environment and Pedagogy" (STEP) was built and shared with four European and non-European countries. The objective (of the project) is to (create) co-construct a trans-national curriculum on the themes of active citizenship, starting from what can be considered its three founding principles: sustainability education, civil coexistence, and tangible and intangible heritage. In the present contribution, attention will be paid in particular to the dimension of the environment, understood as an opportunity, tool and interlocutor to promote reflections and paths of education to sustainability. open Michela Schenetti; Elisa Guerra Michela Schenetti; Elisa Guerra

none 1 no Il saggio analizza il rapporto tra consumi e politica nella storia d'Italia partendo dall'Italia liberale per arrivare ai giorni nostri. Nell'Italia liberale d la crescita dei consumi era limitata dalle dinamiche salariali ed è solo a partire dall'Italia giolittiana, con il primo decollo indistriale, che si assiste ad una prima lieve riduzione della disuguaglianza dei redditi e ad un primo incremento dei consumi. Nel periodo fascista la compressione salariale ostacola l'accesso al consumo individuale che viene in parte supplito dalle politiche si accesso collettivo messe in atto dall'OND nel quadro di una sostanziale stagnazione della disuguaglianza. Nell'Italia repubblicana soprattutto a partire al miracolo economico la dinamica di svilupo dei consumi accelera, scontrandosi però con le resistenze di parte della classe politica che solo negli anni Ottanta potranno dirsi completamente superate, mixed Stefano Cavazza Stefano Cavazza

none 1 no Oltre due millenni separano la scoperta dei numeri irrazionali, ad opera dei Pitagorici, dalla rigorosa definizione del concetto di numero reale computabile da parte di Alan Turing. Questo volume riformula idee che hanno segnato lo sviluppo del pensiero matematico da Pitagora a Turing, mostrando come, attraverso progressivi affinamenti dell’analisi concettuale, il divario tra numeri e geometria venga a ricomporsi in un fecondo rapporto dialettico. Il suo intento è di far riflettere sul profondo legame tra matematica e filosofia, e provare l’efficacia della matematica nel definire questioni filosofiche fondamentali: la comprensione dell’infinito; l’esistenza di concetti apparentemente impossibili, come i numeri irrazionali e immaginari, i punti sull’orizzonte, gli infinitesimi, la geometria non euclidea; la diversa natura dei concetti di verità e dimostrazione. Dalle armonie musicali alla scienza dei calcolatori, la cultura dell’Occidente prende forma da una duplice matrice. Se la matematica greca deriva il suo carattere dimostrativo dalla speculazione filosofica, la filosofia moderna trova un suo alfabeto nella lingua matematica. Nei nove capitoli del presente volume, il lettore avrà modo di apprezzare come la semplicità della descrizione matematica esalti lo spessore filosofico dei concetti. mixed Rossella Lupacchini Rossella Lupacchini

none 6 no Hepatitis C negatively changes patient quality of life even in the absence of advanced liver disease. The specific patterns of quality of life of hepatitis C positive patients waiting for transplant or after surgery are not widely studied. Areas covered: A significant percentage of infected patients show cognitive impairment, fatigue, and/or a 'brain fog', that cannot be explained by the liver disease. Depression can be diagnosed in one third of hepatitis C positive patients. Conflicting data are available regarding the possible role of Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score as predictor of impaired quality of life. In the first period after liver transplant, quality of life tends to increase at the pre-transplant period but in the medium and long-term period, it declines. The recurrence of hepatitis C infection represents a strong predictor of morbidity and mortality and can significantly affect the global quality of life of patients. Expert commentary: Hepatologists, surgeons and psychologists should collaborate to support infected patients in all phases of transplant including the long-term period after surgery. Education and information should be implemented especially regarding the positive role of new direct antivirals. none Golfieri, Lucia; Gitto, Stefano; Morelli, Maria Cristina; Pinna, Antonio Daniele; Grandi, Silvana; Andreone, Pietro Golfieri, Lucia; Gitto, Stefano; Morelli, Maria Cristina; Pinna, Antonio Daniele; Grandi, Silvana; Andreone, Pietro

none 3 no First Published July 21, 2016 We conducted two studies on workaholism to address three identified gaps in the literature (Clark et al., 2014), namely, the job-related affective experiences of workaholics, the relationship between workaholism and job demands, and the long-term mental health effects of workaholism. We also examined gender as a moderator of the relationship between workaholism and its outcomes. In Study 1 (N = 311), focused on a heterogeneous sample of workers, we found that workaholism was positively related to the experience of observer-reported, as well as self-reported, job-related negative affect and that this relationship was stronger among female workers. Furthermore, in a subsample of participants (N = 189) for whom we had available blood pressure data, we found that workaholism was positively related to systolic blood pressure. In Study 2 (N = 235), based on a sample of health-sector employees in which we adopted a full, two-wave panel design including workaholism, job demands, and mental distress, we found that the baseline levels of job demands impacted the follow-up levels of workaholism, while the reverse was not the case. We also found that the baseline levels of workaholism positively affected the levels of mental distress reported after one year. These results add to the existing literature on the job-related affective correlates and psychophysical costs of workaholism and shedding further light on work environmental factors that may contribute to its genesis. mixed Balducci, Cristian; Avanzi, Lorenzo; Fraccaroli, Franco Balducci, Cristian; Avanzi, Lorenzo; Fraccaroli, Franco

Complex transformations world-wide encompassed by the definition of ‘globalisation’ push us to re-think the concept of citizenship and its traditional definitions. The article aims to theoretically analyse the rich debate about citizenship from a socio-political point of view and tries to investigate the educational dimension related tod different concepts of citizenship. After having introduced three models for citizenship education (republican, liberal, and moral) and having explored their shortcomings, the authors shall propose a possible overtaking that is rooted on another way to understand the relationship among education and politics., Ricerche di Pedagogia e Didattica. Journal of Theories and Research in Education; Vol 8, No 1 (2013); 201-218

none 1 Modes of Sign Destruction. How to arrest semiosis? Moving from the theory of modes of sign production proposed by Umberto Eco in 1975, this article explores possible lines of research in order to conceptualize the modes of sign destruction, that is, the operations through which the capacity of a sign to signify is disabled. The question recalls another theoretical issue already largely investigated by Eco: the semiotic impossibility of an ars oblivionalis that, contrary to an ars memoriae, would facilitate the forgetfulness of something. Beyond the work of sign destruction and its results (not necessarily an interruption of semiosis), the article debates through several examples on the necessary actions to make a sign stop signifying: iconoclasm, alteration, concealment, production of noise/interferences, de-structuration and “disinvention”. Mazzucchelli, Francesco Mazzucchelli, Francesco

none 3 si O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar o conceito de projeto de vida no contexto italiano. Tal projeto consiste em uma ação pedagógica, um planejamento didático produzido no contexto escolar a partir do Plano Educativo Individualizado, um documento que acompanha o processo de inclusão escolar do aluno com deficiência durante todo seu período de escolarização. Compreendemos que a inclusão das pessoas com deficiência ultrapassa o percurso escolar e, portanto, necessita de um olhar que considere todo o arco de existência da pessoa, do nascimento à vida adulta. Para tanto, organizamos o texto em três planos concomitantes, a saber: o atual contexto italiano de inclusão de pessoas com deficiência, a construção do projeto de vida durante o percurso escolar e a inclusão social através do projeto de vida na fase adulta, com destaque à inserção do indivíduo no mercado de trabalho. As bases teórico metodológicas contam com autores protagonistas da área da Educação Especial em diálogo com a escola e o mercado de trabalho, entre eles Andrea Canevaro e Charles Gardou. Desta escrita, destacamos a importância do trabalho multidisciplinar realizado durante o período de escolarização e garantido por lei e da compreensão de que a inclusão escolar e social da pessoa com deficiência perpassa todo o percurso da sua vida, tendo início a partir do entendimento dela como um ser humano capaz. Questo studio ha lo scopo di analizzare il concetto di progetto di vita nel contesto italiano. Questo progetto consiste in un'azione pedagogica, una progettazione educativa prodotta nel contesto scolastico nel Piano Educativo Individualizzato, un documento che accompagna il processo di inclusione scolastica degli studenti con disabilità in tutto il loro periodo di scolarizzazione. Siamo consapevoli che l'inclusione delle persone con disabilità va al di là della formazione scolastica e quindi ha bisogno di uno sguardo che considera l'intero arco dell'esistenza della persona, dalla nascita all'età adulta. Quindi, organizziamo il testo su tre piani: l'attuale contesto italiano di inclusione delle persone con disabilità, la costruzione del progetto di vita durante la carriera scolastica e l'inclusione sociale in età adulta, in particolare l'inserimento delle persone con disabilità nel mercato del lavoro. Questo contributi evidenzia l'importanza del lavoro multidisciplinare fatto durante il periodo di scolarizzazione e la comprensione dell'inclusione educativa e sociale delle persone con disabilità attraverso l'intero corso della vita, a partire dalla comprensione di esso come persona capace. Chassot Benincasa Meirelles, Melina; Roberto, Dainese; Friso, Valeria Chassot Benincasa Meirelles, Melina; Roberto, Dainese; Friso, Valeria

none 4 no This study was designed to investigate the evolution of emotional processing over the whole adult life span as a function of stimulus arousal and participants’ gender. To this end, self-reported affective evaluation and attentional capture prompted by pleasant and unpleasant pictures varying in arousal were measured in a large sample of participants (n = 211) balanced by gender and equally spread across seven decades from 20 to 90 years. Results showed age differences only for affective evaluation of pleasant stimuli, with opposite patterns depending on stimulus arousal. As age increased, low-arousing pleasant cues (e.g. images of babies) were experienced as more pleasant and arousing by both males and females, whereas high-arousing stimuli (e.g. erotic images) were experienced as less pleasant only by females. In contrast, emotional pictures (both pleasant and unpleasant) were effective at capturing attention in a similar way across participants, regardless of age and gender. Taken together, these findings suggest that specific emotional cues prompt different subjective responses across different age groups, while basic mechanisms involved in attentional engagement towards both pleasant and unpleasant stimuli are preserved in healthy ageing. Ferrari, Vera; Bruno, Nicola; Chattat, Rabih; Codispoti, Maurizio Ferrari, Vera; Bruno, Nicola; Chattat, Rabih; Codispoti, Maurizio

none 1 no Il contributo vuole indagare le possibilità di utilizzo delle fonti iconografiche per la ricerca storica. Concentra l’attenzione sui cicli dei mesi italiani, francesi, spagnoli (in particolare per i secoli XII-XIII). Propone un approfondimento sull’abbigliamento del contadino medievale. Paola, Galetti Paola, Galetti

none 4 no Objective: We aimed to search and synthesize qualitative studies exploring the perspectives of older people living in long-term care facilities and of their family members about advance care planning (ACP) discussions. Methods: The enhancing transparency in reporting the synthesis of qualitative research (ENTREQ) framework was used to guide the review and report its results. PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO were searched for studies published between January 2000 and November 2015. All included studies were assessed for comprehensiveness of reporting, and a thematic synthesis of their results was performed. Results: The nine included studies differed in terms of qualitative method used, comprehensiveness of reporting, and geographical origin. The thematic synthesis led to the identification of four main themes: 1) plans already made; 2) end-of-life care and decision-making; 3) opinions and attitudes toward ACP; and 4) how, when, about what, and with whom to do ACP. Conclusion: Despite their willingness to be involved in a shared decision-making process, older residents and their families still have little experience with ACP. Practical implications: In view of implementing ACP for elders living in long-term care facilities, it would be important to rethink ACP and also to incorporate their nonmedical preferences, according to their own priorities. Mignani, Veronica; Ingravallo, Francesca; Mariani, Elena; Chattat, Rabih Mignani, Veronica; Ingravallo, Francesca; Mariani, Elena; Chattat, Rabih

none 3 no DOI volume: 10.6092/2282-1619/2017.5.1638 mixed Montebarocci, O., Monego, J., Filippini, T Montebarocci, O., Monego, J., Filippini, T

none 3 no This research aims to verify the effectiveness of robots (MecWilly, a humanoid robot and Blue-Bot, a non-humanoid robot) as learning-partners in children that act within their Zone of Proximal Development through the Socio-Cognitive Conflict , compared to children acting with human learning-partners. The study aims to evaluate how a specific activity (define a route from beginning to the end) enhance the wayfinding skill in a group of 156 five years old children. L'apporto di Elvis Mazzoni è il seguente: a) collaborazione alla raccolta, elaborazione e analisi dei dati; b) collaborazione alla stesura del paper; c) revisione finale mixed Benvenuti, M.; Piobbico, G.; Mazzoni, E. Benvenuti, M.; Piobbico, G.; Mazzoni, E.

none 1 no La figura del contadino è profondamente disprezzata nella cultura medievale e in generale premoderna. Tuttavia la cultura contadina gioca un ruolo importante nella costruzione delle tradizioni agricole e alimentari. Una sorta di "rivincita" del mondo contadino è in atto sotto i nostri occhi, in modo ambiguo e contraddittorio ma non per questo meno significativo. none Massimo Montanari Massimo Montanari

Mysterious and fascinating figures – a light that brightens the land where it meets the sea – lighthouses have always played a vital role not only in drawing the line of the coast, but also in creating the social and cultural identity of those people who live at the edge of the land, in the finis terrae. Lighthouses have known an architectonic and maritime history of their own, but most of them were abandoned after the decline of the maritime economy and the introduction of new technologies. Nowadays they are being rediscovered, both as part of a process of territorial re-appropriation enacted by the local communities, aiming at transforming them in modern houses or recovering their traditional use, and as part of tourist development policies, making of them new tourist accommodation for people wishing to live new types of cultural experiences or interested in re-discovering the history and memory of a territory. The article analyses the role of lighthouses in the creation of territorial identities and in the tourist exploitation of the European coastal landscapes in areas with a strong maritime identity, inexorably connected with these coastal “giants”, symbols of both defense and openness towards otherness., Almatourism - Journal of Tourism, Culture and Territorial Development, Vol 8, No 6 (2017): Via Francigena: the Long Way of Peace among the European Landscapes

none 1 no no none Donna, Diego Donna, Diego

none 3 no DOI volume: 10.6092/2282-1619/2017.5.1638 mixed Montebarocci, O., Filippini, T., Monego, J. Montebarocci, O., Filippini, T., Monego, J.

none 1 no In cases of global crisis (e.g. terrorism), a mass of amateur audiovisual materials is usually produced. The news system adopts advanced strategies incorporating those eyewitness videos, thanks to their potential in terms of authenticity and witnessing. This paper put to question the real information values of those videos, focusing on their effects of reality and their subjectivizing experiential effects, describing a sort of an amateur aesthetics of crisis, as well as a logic of sensorial effectiveness. The massive recourse to amateur images raises however wider-scoped questions linked to a discussion on the ethics of eyewitness images and of media witnessing. Spaziante, Lucio Spaziante, Lucio

none 1 si The article is developed out of the keynote speech at the international Congress of the IAHR International Association for the History of Religion which was held in Erfurt in 2015. Nome progetto: IAHR International Association for the History of Religion. DOI volume: 10.1515/9783110450934 This article aims to use Judaism as a privileged case to discuss how religious representations were produced, circulated, and influenced Jewry against the backdrop of a rising modernization during the nineteenth and early twentieth century. Furthermore, I claim that representations of Judaism were not exclusively produced by cultural agents, such as scholars and intellectuals, but they were performed into a wider cultural and political arena where they were appropriated or misunderstood, creating communities, or fueling debates over society. I claim that, despite its limited demographic dimensions, Judaism, its history and symbolism, became a point of departure to discuss issues related to modern society and religion at large. open Cristiana, Facchini Cristiana, Facchini

none 32 si The International Work Group for Therapeutic Residential Care convened an International Summit on ‘Pathways to Evidence-Based Practice’ at Loughborough University (GBR), Centre for Child and Family Research on 27-29 April, 2016 with generous support from the Sir Halley Stewart Trust and in partnership with The European Scientific Association on Residential and Family Care for Children and Adolescents (NLD) (EUSARF), the International Association for Outcome-Based Evaluation and Research on Family and Children’s Services (ITA) (IAOBER) and the Association of Children’s Residential Centers (USA) and with the additional support of Action for Children (GBR) and the National Implementation Service (NIS) (GBR). Membership includes: Lisa Holmes (Chair), Director, Centre for Child and Family Research, Loughborough University (GBR); James K. Whittaker (Co-Chair), Charles O. Cressey Endowed Professor Emeritus, University of Washington, School of Social Work, Seattle (USA); Jorge Fernandez del Valle, Professor of Psychology and Director, Child and Family Research Group, University of Oviedo (ESP); Frank Ainsworth, Senior Principal Research Fellow (Adjunct), James Cook University, School of Social Work and Human Services, Townsville, Queensland (AUS); Tore Andreassen, Psychologist, The Norwegian Directorate for Children, Youth and Family Affairs (NOR); James P. Anglin, Professor, Faculty of the School of Child and Youth Care, University of Victoria (CAN); Christopher Bellonci, Board-Certified Child/Adolescent and Adult Psychiatrist; Associate Professor, Psychiatry Department, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (USA); David Berridge, Professor of Child and Family Welfare, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol (GBR); Amaia Bravo, Lecturer, Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo (ESP); Cinzia Canali, Senior Researcher, Fondazione Emanuela Zancan, Padova (ITA) and President, International Association of Outcome-Based Evaluation and Research in Family and Children’s Services (IAOBER); Mark Courtney, Professor, School of Social Service Administration, University of Chicago (USA); Laurah Currey, Chief Operating Officer, Pressley Ridge, Pittsburgh, PA (USA) and President, Association for Children’s Residential Centers, (USA); Daniel. L. Daly, Executive Vice President and Director of Youth Care, Father Flanagan’s Boys’ Home, Boys Town, NE (USA); Robbie Gilligan, Professor of Social Work and Social Policy, Trinity College Dublin IRE), Hans Grietens, Professor, Centre for Special Needs Education & Youth Care, University of Groningen (NLD) and President, European Scientific Association on Residential and Family Care for Children and Adolescents (EUSARF); Annemiek T. Harder, Assistant professor, Department of Special Needs Education and Youth Care, University of Groningen (NLD); Martha J. Holden, Senior Extension Associate with the Bronfenbrenner Center for Translational Research and the Principal Investigator and Director of the Residential Child Care Project at Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (USA); Sigrid James, Professor, Department of Social Work & Social Ecology, School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, CA (USA); Andrew Kendrick, Professor of Residential Child Care, School of Social Work and Social Policy at the University of Strathclyde (GBR) and Consultant at the Centre of Excellence for Looked After Children in Scotland (CELCIS) and the Centre for Youth and Criminal Justice (CYCJ) (UK); Erik J. Knorth, Professor, Department of Special Needs Education and Youth Care, University of Groningen (NLD); Mette Lausten, Senior Researcher at SFI - The Danish National Centre for Social Research, Copenhagen (DNK), John S. Lyons, Senior Policy Fellow at Chapin Hall, University of Chicago, IL (USA); Eduardo Martin, Lecturer at the Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of La Laguna, Tenerife (ESP); Samantha McDermid, Research Fellow, Centre for Child and Family Research, Loughborough University (GBR); Patricia McNamara, Senior Fellow (Honorary), Department of Social Work, University of Melbourne (AUS); Laura Palareti, Assistant Professor in Social Psychology, Department of Education Studies, University of Bologna (ITA); Susan Ramsey, Parent and Former Children’s Mental Health Advocate, The Walker School, Needham, MA (USA); Kari M. Sisson, Executive Director, Association of Children’s Residential Centers (USA); Richard W. Small, Walker Executive Director Emeritus, The Walker School, Needham, MA (USA); June Thoburn, Emeritus Professor of Social Work, University of East Anglia (GBR); Ronald Thompson, Senior Director, Boys Town National Research Institute for Child and Family Studies, Boys Town, NE (USA); Anat Zeira, Professor, School of Social Work and Social Welfare, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and Head of Research and Evaluation at the Haruv Institute (ISR). Our work group wishes to thank CFRC staffer Laura Dale at Loughborough for extraordinary efforts in producing this statement in record time and for her care and assistance with all phases of our Summit activity. Whittaker, James K; Holmes, Lisa; del Valle, Jorge F.; Ainsworth, Frank; Andreassen, Tore; Anglin, James; Bellonci, Christopher; Berridge, David; Bravo, Amaia; Canali, Cinzia; Courtney, Mark; Currey, Laurah; Daly, Daniel; Gilligan, Robbie; Grietens, Hans; Harder, Annemiek; Holden, Martha; James, Sigrid; Kendrick, Andrew; Knorth, Erik; Lausten, Mette; Lyons, John; Martin, Eduardo; Mcdermid, Samantha; Mcnamara, Patricia; Palareti, Laura; Ramsey, Susan; Sisson, Kari; Small, Richard; Thoburn, June; Thompson, Ronald; Zeira, Anat Whittaker, James K; Holmes, Lisa; del Valle, Jorge F.; Ainsworth, Frank; Andreassen, Tore; Anglin, James; Bellonci, Christopher; Berridge, David; Bravo, Amaia; Canali, Cinzia; Courtney, Mark; Currey, Laurah; Daly, Daniel; Gilligan, Robbie; Grietens, Hans; Harder, Annemiek; Holden, Martha; James, Sigrid; Kendrick, Andrew; Knorth, Erik; Lausten, Mette; Lyons, John; Martin, Eduardo; Mcdermid, Samantha; Mcnamara, Patricia; Palareti, Laura; Ramsey, Susan; Sisson, Kari; Small, Richard; Thoburn, June; Thompson, Ronald; Zeira, Anat

none 4 no The interference produced by the viewing of emotional distractors has been interpreted as evidence that emotional cues are processed in a fairly mandatory fashion, and that they divert attention from the primary ongoing task. However, few studies have examined how behavioral emotional interference varies with repeated presentation of the same emotional distractors. In two experiments, while participants were engaged in a parity judgment task, we investigated the effects of repetition of task-irrelevant emotional pictures, as reflected in both behavioral interference (Experiments 1 and 2) and neural activity (Experiment 2). Both experiments showed that the slowing of reaction times that was observed when viewing emotional, compared to neutral, scenes disappeared after only a few repetitions, suggesting diminished attention allocation to repeated emotional pictures. Conversely, in Experiment 2, neural correlates of picture processing revealed that the late positive potential (LPP) amplitude continued to be enhanced for emotional, compared to neutral, distractors despite picture repetition and the presence of a concurrent task. Altogether, these findings suggest that while evaluative processes are mandatory, and continue to engage cortico-limbic appetitive and defensive systems even after massive repetition, as suggested by the affective modulation of the LPP, attentional processes are not necessary after several repetitions of the same stimulus, as indicated by the rapid decline of behavioral emotional interference. Codispoti, Maurizio; De Cesarei, Andrea; Biondi, Simone; Ferrari, Vera Codispoti, Maurizio; De Cesarei, Andrea; Biondi, Simone; Ferrari, Vera

The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between circadian preference and sensation seeking. To this aim 1041 university students (408 males and 633 females), ranging in age between 18 and 30 years, filled the reduced version of the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQr) and the Sensation Seeking Scale-Form V (SSS-V). Males scored higher than females in SSS-V total score and all subscales, except experience seeking (ES). As regards circadian preference, evening types scored higher than morning types in SSS-V total score and all subscales, except boredom susceptibility (BS) where they significantly differed only from intermediate types. On the whole our results highlight a significant relationship between circadian preference and sensation seeking.

The purpose of this study was to explore a possible season of birth effect on big five personality traits, taking into account also gender and circadian typology variables. A sample of 419 healthy young adults (249 females and 170 males) was administered the self-report version of the Big Five Observer (BFO) and the Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) to determine, respectively, personality features and circadian preference. Participants were subdivided into four season groups, according to their birth date. No significant season of birth effect was observed as regards personality traits even if summer-born participants tended to score lower on the conscientiousness dimension. In regard to the conscientiousness domain, there was a significant interaction between gender and season of birth. Males presented greater conscientiousness variation with summer born participants scoring lower. On the basis of a multiple regression analysis, MEQ score proved to be a better predictor of conscientiousness than gender, age, and season of birth. The results provide no clear evidence for a season of birth effect on the big five personality traits. It is possible that circadian preference may modulate the season of birth effect on personality traits.

We explored the relationship between personality, based on the five-factor model, and circadian preference. To this end, 503 participants (280 females, 223 males) were administered the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and the self-report version of the Big Five Observer (BFO) to determine circadian preference and personality features, respectively. Morning types scored significantly higher than evening and intermediate types on the conscientiousness factor. Evening types were found to be more neurotic than morning types. With reference to the big five personality model, our data, together with those of all the previous studies, indicate that the conscientiousness domain is the one that best discriminates among the three circadian types. Results are discussed with reference to neurobiological models of personality.

none 5 no Background/objective: This study aimed to examine the association between body mass index (BMI) and school performance in high school students by controlling for relevant mediators such as sleep quality, sleep duration and socioeconomic status. Methods: Thirty-seven high school students (mean age: 18.16 ± 0.44 years) attending the same school type, i.e. ‘liceo scientifico’ (science-based high school), were enrolled. Students’ self-reported weight and height were used to calculate BMI. Participants wore an actigraph to objectively assess the quality and duration of sleep. School performance was assessed through the actual grade obtained at the final school-leaving exam, in which higher grades indicate higher performance. Results: BMI, get-up time, mean motor activity, wake after sleep onset and number of awakenings were negatively correlated with the grade, while sleep efficiency was positively correlated. When performing a multiple regression analysis, BMI proved the only significant (negative) predictor of grade. Conclusions: When controlling for sleep quality, sleep duration and socioeconomic status, a higher BMI is associated with a poorer school performance in high school students. Tonetti, L; Fabbri, M.; Filardi, M.; Martoni, M.; Natale, V. Tonetti, L; Fabbri, M.; Filardi, M.; Martoni, M.; Natale, V.

This contribution sets out to analyse the official names of Italian schools in the 19th and 20th centuries, considering these schools as places of civil, political and scholastic memory. Studying national legislation and based on historical research into specific schools in Italy, the work focuses on the naming of the school buildings found today in the city of Bologna (Italy) during the period from Unification until the Second World War. Examining as-yet unexplored archive sources, the study investigates the motivations underlying the school names, the contexts in which they were debated and decided, the inauguration ceremonies and the relative official speeches given by the authorities, the stones laid or busts displayed in or outside the schools and the complex scenography set up for the local people offering a «pedagogic» and yet political discourse, as an authentic educational heritage of «public memory» and political pedagogy for the generations of the time and those to come. This study also shows some interesting surprises concerning famous and less well-known figures and personalities pointed out in the local school memory but legible on many levels of historical and educational interpretation. This work has confirmed that officially named of Italian school buildings are authentic places of memory assigned from birth to play a civil and public function for national education and cultural memory, as well as the literacy of the new generations. Esta contribución pretende analizar los nombres oficiales de las escuelas italianas en los siglos XIX y XX, teniendo en cuenta estas escuelas como lugares de memoria civil, política y escolar. Estudiando la legislación nacional y en base a la investigación histórica de escuelas específicas en Italia, el trabajo se centra en la denominación de los edificios escolares que se encuentran hoy en la ciudad de Bolonia (Italia), durante el período comprendido entre la Unificación y la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Examinando fuentes de archivo aún inexploradas, el artículo analiza las motivaciones subyacentes a los nombres de las escuelas, los contextos en los que se debatieron y decidieron, las ceremonias de inauguración y los discursos oficiales relativos dados por las autoridades, las piedras colocadas o bustos expuestos dentro o fuera las escuelas y la compleja escenografía establecida para la población local que ofrecen un discurso «pedagógica» y, sin embargo político, como un auténtico patrimonio educativo de la «memoria pública» y la pedagogía política para las generaciones presents y futuras. Este estudio también muestra algunas sorpresas interesantes en relación con las figuras y personajes, famosos y menos conocidos, señalados en la memoria local de la escuela, pero legibles en muchos niveles de interpretación histórica y educativa. Este trabajo ha confirmado que oficialmente el nombre de los edificios escolares italianos son auténticos lugares de la memoria asignadas desde su nacimiento para desempeñar una función civil y pública de la educación nacional y la memoria cultural, así como para la alfabetización de las nuevas generaciones.

none 4 no Codice volume: WOS:000384264000001 Preterm birth may impair the quality of early parent-infant interactions. While the literature focused on mothers, paternal interactive behaviors have not been adequately investigated until now. The main aim of the study was to deepen the role of parent’s gender on the quality of early parent- preterm infant interactions, also considering the effect of severity of prematurity based on infant birth weight. 92 preterms’ parents (54 mothers and 38 fathers) and their babies were recruited. According to infant birth weight, 69 dyads were included into Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) and 23 into Extremely Low Birth Weight (ELBW) group. At 3 months of infant corrected age, 4 minutes of play interaction were recorded and coded by Child-Adult Relationship Experimental Index. Analyses showed that mother- and father-interactions were overall adequate, with no significant differences on parental sensitivity and infant cooperative scores. However, in case of non sensitive behaviors, significant differences between parents were found, with higher maternal control and higher paternal unresponsiveness. When infant scales were considered, high levels of passivity during the interactions with fathers compared the ones with mothers emerged. Nevertheless, compliant and passive scales mean scores did not differ between groups. Finally, the analyses failed to find a significant effect on interactive patterns according to severity of birth weight nor to the interaction between parent gender and severity of birth weight. The study suggest that preterm birth could have a strong influence on parenting style, where the need to respond to a vulnerable baby leads mothers to enhance the stimulations to infants and fathers to decrease them. Moreover, the effect of prematurity seem to be no significant when parent gender is considered. Further investigation will help to better understand the relation between parent gender, birth weight and quality of interactions Neri, Erica; Polizzi, Concetta; Perricone, Giovanna; Biasini, Augusto Neri, Erica; Polizzi, Concetta; Perricone, Giovanna; Biasini, Augusto

none 5 no Tonetti, L.; Conca, A.; Giupponi, G.; Filardi, M.; Natale, V. Tonetti, L.; Conca, A.; Giupponi, G.; Filardi, M.; Natale, V.

none 1 no Notwithstanding the great importance of clothing and fashion for the human being, there has been until recent times a general intellectual tendency to ignore them and neglect institutional significance to them. If this is true for the field of the social sciences, it is even more valid and appropriate for philosophy. However, a survey of the field shows that various philosophers expressed a genuine interest in fashion, sometimes only in a cursory way, but other times in a more systematic way. The aim of this chapter is to provide a historical reconstruction of some stages in the development of a philosophical discourse on fashion during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and also to show that fashion, should one want to assign it to a particular domain within the great field of philosophical disciplines, must be definitely assigned to the field of aesthetics and thus considered as an aesthetic problem. none Marino, Stefano Marino, Stefano

none 1 no In his dissertation, Kritik und Krise, Reinhart Koselleck thematizes the origin of the “Public Opinion” tracing it back to the conflict between state and civil society. The struggle of the Enlightenment against the state brings about the extension of the moral critique from the individual consciousness to the public sphere. In this way the Public Opinion assumes a political role and becomes a weapon for the Enlightenment’s critique. Few years later Jürgen Habermas proposes a theory of the genesis of the public sphere in which he argues that the critique of Enlightenment is politically legitimate, because it is rational; though he recognizes, like Koselleck, the politicization of the public sphere. The aim of this essay is to reconstruct these two positions by bringing out their common elements as well as their different points of view on the historical role of the public opinion: instrument of a particularistic struggle and, therefore, unable to exhibit elements of concrete universality in the judgment of Koselleck; phenomenon of the modern rationalization on Habermas’ account. Imbriano, Gennaro Imbriano, Gennaro

none 5 si Tonetti, L.; Atun-Einy, O.; Scher, A.; Boreggiani, M.; Natale, V. Tonetti, L.; Atun-Einy, O.; Scher, A.; Boreggiani, M.; Natale, V.

none 1 no Cosa si nasconde dietro la patina retorica e rassicurante della narrazione di un'infanzia “felice e spensierata”? È proprio vero che “i nostri bambini”, i cui diritti fondamentali di tutela e di cura sono garantiti, stanno bene? Domande – queste – che sorgono con urgenza di fronte al dilagante fenomeno dell'adultizzazione, da un lato, e del rischio di una “scomparsa” dell'infanzia, dall'altro. Schiere di “piccoli adulti” abitano i contesti del nostro quotidiano (a casa, a scuola, al parco, in piscina...), smaniosi di fare presto ingresso nel regno dei grandi. Il loro non sembra essere un tempo in cui sostare e perdersi a fantasticare, quanto piuttosto una fase da oltrepassare con competenza e velocità. L'infanzia così come la conosciamo, come ci è stata tramandata e descritta dalla pedagogia e dalle scienze dell'educazione, è dunque, oggi, inattuale e sembra farsi strada con fatica e “inadeguatezza” nell'odierna società. Il “premio” del successo, infatti, chiede, ai suoi candidati – grandi o piccoli che siano - competenza, competizione, risultati e smania di potere: i bambini e le bambine sono preparatissimi a giocare questo ruolo e dialogano (quasi) ad armi pari con chi dovrebbe esercitare verso di loro (e da un piano diverso –quello adulto) una autorevole responsabilità. Il diritto a vivere l'infanzia con i suoi tratti specifici e le sue peculiarità non è, dunque, sempre garantito e ciò chiama in causa, inevitabilmente, una riflessione e una azione da parte di chi si occupa di educazione. Con questo libro si sceglie di riportare alla luce, elogiandoli, i tratti dell'infanzia inattuale, nel tentativo di contribuire a costruire una “nuova cultura” che, tra i suoi fini, abbia a cuore il rispetto dei bambini e delle bambine e la tutela dei loro diritti, primo tra tutti, quello ad avere un'infanzia. Demozzi, Silvia Demozzi, Silvia

Clinical and polygraphic hallmarks of type 1 narcolepsy (NT1) are the occurrence of episodes of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep at the onset of nocturnal or daytime sleep (SOREMP) and dissociated wake–REM sleep manifestations (cataplexy, sleep paralysis, hallucinations) [1]. Some recent neurophysiological findings, demonstrating that SOREMP in NT1 lacks the typical sympathetic activation of REM sleep [2], support that SOREMP per se may also be an REM sleep–wakefulness dissociation in NT1. Moreover, several behavioral and cognitive phenomena may surface during SOREMPs: REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD), characterized by loss of REM sleep muscle atonia coupled with dream-enacting behaviors [3]; cataplexy (episodes of suddenmuscular weakness triggered by emotions) [4]; dream lucidity (maintenance of reality testing and volitional control of thinking while dreaming) [5,6]; hallucinatory phenomena such as flying sensation [7]; and out-of-body experiences (OBE; metamorphosis or exit of the self from the body) [8]. We report here an NT1 patient showing the co-occurrence of several dissociatedmental andmotor features of REM sleep during the same daytime SOREMPs. 2. Case description

none 2 si This paper aims at delineating the basic principles for a semiotic approach to monuments and memorials. Monuments are built forms erected to confer dominant meanings on space. They present an aesthetic value as well as a political function. Often, political elites erect monuments to promote selective historical narratives that focus on convenient events and individuals while obliterating what is discomforting. While representing selective historical narratives, monuments can inculcate specific conceptions of the present and encourage future possibilities. As such, monuments become essential for the articulation of the national politics of memory and identity through which political elites set political agendas and legitimate political power. However, once erected, monuments become social properties and users can reinterpret them in ways that are different or contrary to the intentions of the designers. Previous research has explored monuments as either aesthetic objects presenting historical and artistic values or as political tools in the hand of those in power. Hence, this research has wittingly or unwittingly created a gap between the material-symbolic and the political dimensions of monuments. Moreover, it has variously given more emphasis either to the intentions of the designers or to the interpretations of the users. The semiotic approach to monuments can address these issues providing a holistic approach that overcomes the rigid distinctions predominant in previous research on monuments. Although useful analytical categories, the distinction between material-symbolic and political dimensions cannot be extended to the ontological state of monuments. Semiotics can be useful in investigating the meanings of monuments as actively created by the interplay of the material, the symbolic and the political dimensions. It provides a methodological basis to consider designers and users as equally contributing to the meaning-making of monuments. open Mario Panico; Federico Bellentani Mario Panico; Federico Bellentani