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Objective: The aim of this study was to assess and correlate the serum and GCF levels of omentin with the periodontal status of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with and without periodontitis. Methods: Forty‐four patients were divided into four groups: group H: 11 systemically and periodontally healthy subjects; group P: 11 systemically healthy subjects with periodontitis; group RA: 11 periodontally healthy subjects with rheumatoid arthritis and group RA + P: 11 rheumatoid arthritis subjects with periodontitis. Periodontal parameters (plaque index, modified gingival index, probing depth, and clinical attachment level) were recorded and serum and GCF samples were collected for the estimation of omentin using ELISA. Results: The mean value of plaque index, modified gingival index, probing depth, and clinical attachment level were significantly higher whereas serum and GCF omentin levels were found to be decreased in group IV when compared to the other groups. The significant correlation was found between the serum and GCF omentin levels with all the periodontal parameters. Conclusion: The omentin level in serum and GCF was found to be lower in RA patients with periodontitis. It is also inversely correlated with the periodontal parameters. Thus, omentin can serve as a significant diagnostic and therapeutic tool in both periodontal and rheumatoid disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aerosol formation in dental practice is almost inevitable and the potential risk of acquiring an infection due to airborne pathogens is very high. Dental procedures involving use of ultrasonics, air polishing, use of airotors and micromotors, air-water syringes and lasers emit large amount of aerosol and microbial pathogens from saliva, dental unit waterlines and respiratory tract. Depending on the nature of the bacteria/virus/fungi in the aerosol and its pathogenic nature, the microbe travels through the lung alveoli and affects the upper/lower respiratory system. The recent episode of COVID has driven further fear among dental professionals, as the virus sheds into air and transmits the disease. As dental professionals, it is essential that we take steps to prevent transmission by following universal precautions and social precautionary measures. This review revisits on the physics of aerosol formation, spatial microbiome in aerosol, the types of pathogens associated with dental procedures, risk of disease getting transmitted to dental healthcare workers and infection control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease which is multifactorial in origin resulting in destruction of supporting structures and if left untreated causes rapid bone loss eventually leading to tooth loss. Traditional diagnosis albeit used in routine clinical practices also has its disadvantages and with advances in the field of molecular diagnosis and point of care diagnostics the analyses of biomarkers can be useful in understanding the pathogenesis of periodontitis better, rapid diagnosis and also helps to provide targeted therapy. Bone loss resulting as a result of periodontitis releases various markers that could be analysed to diagnose the disease process. This review focuses on the bone derived biomarkers of periodontal disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The management of gingival recession associated with esthetic concerns and root hypersensitivity is challenging and its sequelae are based on the assessment of etiological factors and the degree of tissue involvement. Procedures using pedicle flaps, free soft-tissue grafts, combination of pedicle flaps with grafts, barrier membranes, and the use of platelet concentrates are all effective for this purpose. The use of the second-generation platelet concentrate, platelet rich fibrin (PRF) has been widely used. Lately, concentrated growth factor (CGF) has evolved as a promising regenerative material, wherein it also acts as a scaffold and accelerates wound healing due to its dense fibrin meshwork. A 21-year-old male patient presented with bilateral multiple gingival recessions due to faulty tooth brushing. Coronally advanced flap with Zuchelli's technique was planned as a treatment modality. Platelet concentrates PRF and CGF were placed bilaterally during the procedure, and the outcome of the treatment was compared. The percentage of root coverage was clinically evaluated, and histological evaluation was also done to assess the density of fibrin meshwork in the platelet concentrates. Nearly 100% of root coverage was achieved with both PRF and CGF membrane 3 months postoperatively. However, CGF showed satisfactory wound healing by the 10th-day postoperatively compared to PRF. As CGF operates on varying centrifugation to separate cells in the venous blood, thereby resulting in fibrin-rich blocks that are much larger, denser, and richer in growth factors as also shown histologically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of periodontal therapy is resolution of inflammation in the supporting structures of the tooth. Endodontic theraphy deals with the disease of the pulp and periapical tissues. Researches and clinicians have long recognised that an intimate relationship exist between the pulp of a tooth and its surrounding periodontium. The present report describes the use of PRF (platelet-rich fibrin) gel in combination with an intrabony defect and a periapical lesion. The tooth was root canal treatment followed by periodontal therapy. A combination of PRF gel, hydroxyapatite graft and guided tissue regeneration (GTR) membrane was used to achieve faster healing of the periapical lesion and intrabony defect. After 1 year, the absence of a periradicular lesion, pain and swelling along with tooth stability and adequate radiographic bone structure indicated a successful outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inter-relationship between periodontal and endodontic disease has aroused much speculation, confusion and controversy. Pulpal and periodontal problems are responsible for more than 50% of tooth loss today. The prognosis of a true combined lesion is often poor or even hopeless, especially when there is extensive periodontal destruction. The present report describes the use of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) gel and membrane in combination with a bone graft for treating a tooth with a combined periodonticendodontic lesion. The tooth was endodontically and periodontally treated. Clinical and radiographic follow-up was performed after 6 and 12 months. After 1 year, the absence of a interradicular lesion, pain and swelling along with tooth stability and adequate radiographic bone fill indicated a successful outcome. The success of treating a combined periodontic-endodontic lesion depends on patient cooperation, restorability and economics, which help in acting on treatment decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19, an epidemic viral disease which originated in Wuhan, China, has caused a major halt in the normal routine of people worldwide. It was declared as a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organisation. The novel corona virus has caused major challenges to the health professionals owing to its different speed of reaction and types of response around the world. Due to the characteristics of dental setting and treatment modalities, the dental professionals and the patients are at major risk of cross infection. Periodontists can be at high risk while performing aerosol generating procedures to asymptomatic patients, as saliva has been identified in saliva of infected patients. This review article aims to discuss the effect of COVID-19 on periodontal practise and future changes to be done in the COVID-19 era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The aim of this study is to compare the outcome of coronally advanced flap (CAF) along with the use of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) versus CAF in conjunction with a resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RmGIC) for the management of Millers Class I and Class II gingival recession coupled with noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs). Materials and Methods: Single and multiple Miller's Class I and Class II gingival recessions were chosen for the study. Twenty participants with total of 78 sites associated with NCCL bilaterally in the anterior and premolar region of maxilla were selected. Thirty-nine sites were treated with CAF and PRF and the remaining 39 sites were treated with CAF and RmGIC. Clinical parameters such as probing pocket depth, relative gingival recession, relative clinical attachment level, NCCL height, NCCL width, width of keratinized tissue, and keratinized tissue thickness were measured at baseline, 90th, and 180th day in both the groups. The presence or absence of dentin sensitivity (DS) was determined at baseline and 180th day. Results: Both the groups showed optimal root coverage, with statistical significant difference in thickness of keratinized gingiva in Group I when compared to Group II from baseline to 90th day and from baseline to 180th day and also from 90th to 180th day. On comparing the DS between Group I and Group II from baseline to 180th day, Group II showed greater reduction in dentinal hypersensitivity as compared to Group I. Conclusion: The use of PRF along with CAF showed increased thickness of the keratinized tissue and the utilization of RmGIC resulted in decreased DS. Hence, the combination of CAF and PRF or CAF and RmGIC could provide a better treatment option in the management of gingival recession that is of esthetic concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The molar tooth of children and young adults is a common site for chronic hyperplastic pulpitis (pulp polyp). It rarely occurs in middle aged adults. This condition is usually characterized by extensive involvement of the pulp, dictating the extraction of involved tooth. Extraction of permanent molars can lead to transient or permanent malocclusion, aesthetic, phonetic and functional problems. Here we report a case of pulp polyp in mandibular first molar of a 33-year-old woman that grew into the carious cavity. The aim of this case report is to describe the diagnosis of a chronic hyperplastic pulpitis involving the permanent molar as well as to describe its management in order to preserve them as a functional unit of the dentition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The primary goal in periodontal therapy includes removal of the etiological factors by mechanical periodontal treatment, which sometimes fail to eliminate the anaerobic infection at the base of the pocket and requires adjuvant chemical therapy., Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 2% minocycline ointment when used as an adjunct to periodontal flap surgery and post-operative maintenance period for the treatment of generalized chronic periodontitis., Materials and Methods: The study included 30 subjects comprising of 60 posterior sextants in a split mouth design in which 30 sextants were treated as experimental and 30 sextants as control with a probing pocket depth≥6mm. In Group A (experimental group) 30 sextants were treated with open flap debridement followed by the application of minocycline ointment as a local drug delivery. In Group B (control group) 30 sextants were treated with open flap debridement alone. Minocycline hydrochloride ointment was applied on the 0 day and 3(rd) month. The clinical parameters such as plaque index, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level and gingival bleeding index were recorded at 0 day, 3(rd) month and 6(th) month in both the groups. Paired and unpaired t-test were used to compare the means of the two groups., Results: When Group A and Group B were compared, Group A showed significantly greater reduction in gingival bleeding index, probing pocket depth and gain in clinical attachment level than Group B, from 0 day to 3 months and from 0 day to 6 months. Group A showed significant reduction in plaque index than Group B when they were compared at 6 months., Conclusion: The results demonstrate that there was significant reduction in the clinical parameters with improvement in the periodontal status on application of minocycline ointment as an adjunct to periodontal flap surgery in generalized chronic periodontitis.