1. Androgen receptor and monoamine oxidase polymorphism in wild bonobos
- Author
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Miho Inoue-Murayama, Takeshi Furuichi, Heungjin Ryu, Cintia Garai, and Yoshi Kawamoto
- Subjects
Bonobo ,Monoamine oxidase ,PCR, polymerase chain reaction ,Biology ,Article ,MBin2, repeat locus in intron 2 of monoamine oxidase B gene ,Polymorphism (computer science) ,Genetic variation ,Genetics ,MAOA, monoamine oxidase A gene ,Genetics (clinical) ,AR, androgen receptor gene ,Intron ,MAOB, monoamine oxidase B gene ,biology.organism_classification ,MAin2, repeat locus in intron 2 of monoamine oxidase A gene ,Androgen receptor ,Pan paniscus ,ARQ, repeat locus coding glutamine in androgen receptor gene ,ARG, repeat locus coding glycine in androgen receptor gene ,Monoamine oxidase B - Abstract
Androgen receptor gene (AR), monoamine oxidase A gene (MAOA) and monoamine oxidase B gene (MAOB) have been found to have associations with behavioral traits, such as aggressiveness, and disorders in humans. However, the extent to which similar genetic effects might influence the behavior of wild apes is unclear. We examined the loci AR glutamine repeat (ARQ), AR glycine repeat (ARG), MAOA intron 2 dinucleotide repeat (MAin2) and MAOB intron 2 dinucleotide repeat (MBin2) in 32 wild bonobos, Pan paniscus, and compared them with those of chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes, and humans. We found that bonobos were polymorphic on the four loci examined. Both loci MAin2 and MBin2 in bonobos showed a higher diversity than in chimpanzees. Because monoamine oxidase influences aggressiveness, the differences between the polymorphisms of MAin2 and MBin2 in bonobos and chimpanzees may be associated with the differences in aggression between the two species. In order to understand the evolution of these loci and AR, MAOA and MAOB in humans and non-human primates, it would be useful to conduct future studies focusing on the potential association between aggressiveness, and other personality traits, and polymorphisms documented in bonobos.
- Published
- 2014