Search

Primary hyperhidrosis is a disorder of profuse sweating which negatively influences a patient's quality of life and is caused because of over-activation of the sympathetic nervous system. It was believed that hyperhidrosis is a condition limited to only anxious individuals; however, this hypothesis is discredited now. It has been found that people with a positive family history of primary hyperhidrosis are likely to suffer from this condition, suggesting a strong genetic basis. Genetic analysis has revealed a dominant autosomal pattern of inheritance with a variable degree of penetrance and is a sex-independent trait. It is a heterogeneous condition both genetically and clinically as different studies revealed variable genetics and clinical factors. There are no proper criteria for diagnosis as it is not treated as disease by most affected persons. Various studies revealed opposing results in localizing disease gene loci, so further genetic research is needed to pinpoint genes responsible for causing this debilitating condition. Gene expression profiling of human anxiety-causing genes in hyperhidrotic sufferers will also help to devise new treatment modalities. This review highlights the current genetic studies on hyperhidrosis, which may prove to be helpful in understanding the molecular mechanism governing hyperhidrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron deficiency diagnosis is a key health priority during pregnancy. The precise determination of indicators is needed for the evaluation of iron deficiency. In the present study, we investigated the diagnostic features of hepcidin concentration as an iron deficiency assay during the second trimester of pregnancy. We collected 401 venous blood samples of pregnant females from 4 separate birthing hospitals. All the females were within 13-26 weeks of their pregnancy and without any comorbid conditions. The complete blood count, total iron binding capacity, ferritin, serum iron and serum hepcidin were determined. The women were categorized as being non-iron deficient (N-ID), iron deficient (ID), or with iron deficiency anemia (IDA). The mean hepcidin values for examined groups were, i.e., non-iron deficiency was 31.45±4.70 (µg/L), iron deficiency 20.47±2.48 (µg/L) and iron deficiency anemia was 17.33±1.90 (µg/L). The N-ID's hemoglobin mean levels were 13.05±0.10g/dL, ID 12.66±0.05g/dL and the IDA 8.11±00.12g/dL. In this article variations in hepcidin levels between N-ID, ID and IDA women are uncovered and it is reported that the lower hepcidin levels diagnosed in IDA are closely linked to hemoglobin in Pakistani women. Hence it is concluded that hepcidin can be a valuable marker in identifying iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia during the second trimester of pregnancy, according to the Pearson's correlation data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coumarin and coumarin-3-acetic acid derivatives were synthesized by reacting phenols with malic acid, ethyl acetoacetate and ethyl acetylsuccinate in appropriate reaction conditions. All synthesized compounds were subjected to test for their antimicrobial activities against variety of gram positive (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative bacterial stains (Shigella sormei, Escherichia coli) by agar dilution method. Several of them exhibited appreciable good antibacterial activity against the different strains of gram positive and gram negative bacteria. These findings suggest a great potential of these compounds for screening and use as antibacterial agents for further studies with a battery of bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to pharmacological importance of 1,3,4-Oxadiazole derivatives, a new series of S-substituted derivatives, 4a-v, of 5-[1-(phenylsulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl]-1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-thiol (1) was synthesized. The reaction of benzenesulfonyl chloride with ethyl isonipecotate yielded ethyl 1- (phenylsulfonyl)piperidin-4-carboxylate (1), which was further converted into 1-(Phenylsulfonyl) piperidin-4-carbohydrazide (2) by hydrazine hydrate and then 2 into 5-[1-(phenylsulfonyl)piperidin- 4-yl]-1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-thiol (3) in the presence of CS2 along with KOH. The target compounds (4a-v) were synthesized by treating 3 with various electrophiles in DMF and NaH. The proposed structures of compounds, 4a-v, were corroborated through IR, 1H-NMR & EI-MS spectral data. Further these were evaluated for antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It was observed that the substitution at sulfur of thiol group influenced the antibacterial activity significantly and so varied from moderate to excellent level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drug carriers have been designed and investigated remarkably due to their effective use in the modern medication process. In this study, the decoration of the Mg 12 O 12 nanocluster has been done with transition metals (Ni and Zn) for effective adsorption of metformin (anticancer drug). Decoration of Ni and Zn on a nanocluster allows two geometries, and similarly, the adsorption of metformin also provides two geometries. Density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory have been employed at the B3LYP with 6-311G(d,p) level. The decoration of Ni and Zn offers good attachment and detachment of the drug, which is observed from their good adsorption energy values. Further, the reduction in the energy band gap is noted in the metformin-adsorbed nanocluster, which allows high charge transfer from a lower energy level to a high energy level. The drug carrier systems show an efficient working mechanism in a water solvent with the visible-light absorption range. Natural bonding orbital and dipole moment values suggested that the adsorption of the metformin causes charge separation in these systems. Moreover, low values of chemical softness with a high electrophilic index recommended that these systems are naturally stable with the least reactivity. Thus, we offer novel kinds of Ni- and Zn-decorated Mg 12 O 12 nanoclusters as efficient carriers for metformin and also recommend them to experimentalists for the future development of drug carriers., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)