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Knowing the material properties is of a crucial importance when planning to manufacture some structure. That is true for the steel structures, as well. Thus, for the proper planning of a certain steel part or a structure production, one must be aware of the properties of the material, to be able to make a qualified decision, which material should be used. Considering that the manufacturing of steel products is constantly growing in various branches of industry and engineering, the problem of predicting the material properties, needed to satisfy the requirements for the certain part efficient and reliable functioning, becomes an imperative in the design process. A method of predicting four material properties of the two stainless steels, by use of the artificial neural network (ANN) is presented in this article. Those properties were predicted based on the particular steels’ known chemical compositions and the corresponding material properties available in the Cambridge Educational System EDU PACK 2010 software, using neural network module of MathWorks Matlab. The method was verified by comparing the values of the material properties predicted by this method to known values of properties for the two stainless steels, X5CrNi18-10 (AISI 304), X5CrNiMo17-12-2 (AISI 316). The difference between the two sets of values was below 5% and, in some cases, even negligible.

Due to difficult pandemic situation with COVID-19 decease, as well as due to current geopolitical circumstances in the world, we are facing the shortage of steel and therefore the impossibility of delivering the contracted products within the agreed deadlines. It is thus necessary to find suitable steel for replacement. The procedure for selecting one such steel for substituting the deficit steel 25CrMo4, for the purposes of producing a responsible welded assembly, is described in this paper. After the careful analysis, the steel 42CrMo4 was taken into consideration as a possible substitute material. Prior to applying the new selected steel, it was necessary to perform the following tests: analyze its chemical composition, determine its most important mechanical properties and evaluate its weldability. Then, the optimal welding and heat treatment technologies were determined, so that the quality of the responsible welded structure would meet all the requirements, as the structure made of originally used steel. For the new steel, all the mentioned and some additional tests were conducted and the appropriate welding technology was prescribed. To verify the selected technology, appropriate tests were conducted on the model welded samples, the results of which are presented in this paper. Based on the analysis of the obtained results, it was concluded that the 25CrMo4 steel can be replaced by the 42CrMo4 steel, however, with the mandatory application of appropriate supplementary measures.

During the process of regeneration of machine parts, certain phenomena occur that have a significant impact on the loss of their working ability. Hereditary properties are expressed by the interdependence of geometric and physical-mechanical-metallurgical parameters of gear teeth created during the technological operations of regeneration of worn teeth by hard-facing. The influence of the type of additional material (electrodes and their combinations) on the tribological characteristics of welded gear teeth was considered, whereby the so-called hard additional materials were applied. Those are the additional materials that give the required surface hardness of the teeth without subsequent thermal or thermochemical treatment. This research did not involve the regeneration of specific worn gears removed from machine systems, but the new gears were made, which were then damaged and then regenerated by hard-facing using the shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) procedure. Thus, all the tested gears were made of the same material, belonged to one batch and were machined on the same machines with the same machining regimes. The tests were performed on samples made of 20MnCr5 steel for cementation, on a tribometer by the “block on disc” method, which was designed to simulate the operating conditions of coupled teeth of concrete gears in the exploitation conditions. Based on the conducted tribological tests, the average coefficients of friction and topography of the surfaces were determined by measuring the wear trace and it was defined which additional materials give the best tribological characteristics of the surfaces of gears regenerated by hard-facing.

Hybrid materials with the metal matrix are important engineering materials due to their outstanding mechanical and tribological properties. Here are presented selected tribological properties of the hybrid composites with the matrix made of aluminum alloy and reinforced by the silicon carbide and graphite particles. The tribological characteristics of such materials are superior to characteristics of the matrix – the aluminum alloy, as well as to characteristics of the classical metal-matrix composites with a single reinforcing material. Those characteristics depend on the volume fractions of the reinforcing components, sizes of the reinforcing particles, as well as on the fabrication process of the hybrid composites. The considered tribological characteristics are the friction coefficient and the wear rate as functions of the load levels and the volume fractions of the graphite and the SiC particles. The wear rate increases with increase of the load and the Gr particles content and with reduction of the SiC particles content. The friction coefficient increases with the load, as well as with the SiC particles content increase.

This research was focused on characterization of the influence of laser cutting on the material made from the PMMA. The comparison of mechanical properties of samples cut by the laser beam to the properties, obtained after the conventional method of cutting by milling, are presented in this paper, as well. The 4 mm thick samples were prepared from the PMMA and subjected to tensile test to establish their material strength after the two different types of cutting. Samples that were cut by the laser beam were also subjected to tempering to improve their mechanical properties. It was concluded that the way of cutting has a strong influence on the PMMA samples mechanical properties. The outcome of the experiment is a direct assessment of roughness of the cut samples. It is shown that the laser cutting produces lower values of the surface roughness. However, for manufacturing the structural elements, the more suitable would be application of the milling technology since it results in better mechanical properties of the cut sample.

In this paper is presented a theoretical-experimental analysis of the aluminum-copper joining by friction welding. Considering that such Al-Cu bimetal joints are widely applied in industrial practice, experimental analysis in this paper was performed on the concrete elements used in electronics. The fact that the joining is done of the two dissimilar materials points to complexity of the problem, since phenomena that appear in the joint zone extremely influence physical, mechanical and structural properties of the welded/base metals. Besides the theoretical analysis of the basic phases and mechanisms of the friction welding process, the research also included experimental analysis of the geometry changes due to the plastic deformation, the change of microstructure and hardness in the joint zone, as well as of the basic mechanical properties of the Al-Cu joint, such as tensile strength. This paper presents some significant results, which point to the possibility for realization of the reliable joints of the two dissimilar metals.

Metal matrix composites (MMCs) are considered as important engineering materials due to their excellent mechanical, as well as tribological properties. When the metal (or alloy) matrix is reinforced with two or more reinforcements, those composites are the so-called hybrid composites. The aluminum metal matrix composites, reinforced with silicon carbide (SiC) and graphite (Gr), are extensively used due to their high strength and wear resistance. The tribological characteristics of such materials are superior to characteristics of the matrix. This research is presenting influence of the load and the graphite and silicon carbide contents the composites’ wear rate and the friction coefficient.

In the common industry and especially in military industry there is a growing need for production of highly effective protective structures. For that purposes the most used materials are armor steels. They belong into a group of the fine-grained, increased strength steels, which are manufactured by intensive thermo-mechanical treatment at high temperatures and later quenching and low-tempering. Combination of the heat and mechanical treatments provides for the fine grains and exceptionally good properties of these steels, while the low-tempering enables relatively high hardness and good ballistic properties. However, sometimes there is a need to weld these steels in order to manufacture some specific assemblies. Since the way these steels are produced this is why the welding can negatively affect the material properties in specific zones of the welded joint, what could lead to worsening of the material's ballistic properties, as well. The aim of this paper was to determine influence of the welding procedure on that mechanical and ballistic properties. In that order the model plates were welded with the specially prescribed technology in three types of the joints: the butjoint, corner joint and the corner joint with the shielding plate. After the welding the test plates were subjected to the ballistic tests which consisted of shooting with three types of live ammunition at different types of the welded joints. At the end the comparative analysis of the results is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the common industry and especially in military industry there is a growing need for production of highly effective protective structures. For that purposes the most used materials are armor steels. They belong into a group of the fine-grained, increased strength steels, which are manufactured by intensive thermo-mechanical treatment at high temperatures and later quenching and low-tempering. Combination of the heat and mechanical treatments provides for the fine grains and exceptionally good properties of these steels, while the low-tempering enables relatively high hardness and good ballistic properties. However, sometimes there is a need to weld these steels in order to manufacture some specific assemblies. Since the way these steels are produced this is why the welding can negatively affect the material properties in specific zones of the welded joint, what could lead to worsening of the material's ballistic properties, as well. The aim of this paper was to determine influence of the welding procedure on that mechanical and ballistic properties. In that order the model plates were welded with the specially prescribed technology in three types of the joints: the butjoint, corner joint and the corner joint with the shielding plate. After the welding the test plates were subjected to the ballistic tests which consisted of shooting with three types of live ammunition at different types of the welded joints. At the end the comparative analysis of the results is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]