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The availability of real-time data on the state of railway facilities and the state-of-the art technologies for data collection and analysis allow transition to the fourth generation maintenance. It is based on the prediction of the facility functional safety and dependability and the risk-oriented facility management. The article describes an approach to assessing the risks of hazardous facility failures using the latest digital data processing methods. The implementation of this approach will help set maintenance objectives and contribute to the efficient use of resources and the reduction of railway facility managers’ expenditures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescent externalising behaviours are associated with numerous long-term negative outcomes, although most research is intervention-based as opposed to risk reduction. Arts engagement has been associated with numerous beneficial factors linked to externalising behaviours, yet direct evidence linking them in longitudinal studies is lacking. Data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study were used, with baseline at 5th grade and outcomes measured at 8th grade. Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression was used to examine individual-level associations between extracurricular and school-based arts engagement with externalising behaviours. OLS regression was also used to examine associations between school-level arts classes and facilities with an administrator-reported index of externalising behaviours in the school. All models were adjusted for sociodemographic factors. Individual-level analyses were clustered by school. At the individual level, engaging in a greater number of extracurricular arts activities was associated with fewer externalising behaviours, although there was no association for school-based arts engagement. There were no school-level associations between arts classes or adequate arts facilities and externalising behaviours. Our results suggest extracurricular arts activities may be beneficial in reducing the risk for externalising behaviours, but the relationship is seen at an individual-level of engagement rather than based on school-level provision or facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthcare professionals in public hospitals are reported to be reluctant to operate and undertake other procedures in public hospitals and are shifting the patients to the private hospitals as it is in the interest of both of them. There are numerous reports of healthcare professionals refusing or reluctant to operate and undertake other procedures at public hospitals but instead referring these patients to private hospitals assuring the patients that they will be operated immediately while they will have to wait for long in public hospitals. [Extracted from the article]

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Based on the dimensions of job security and ownership, the creative class is distinguished between the self‐employed and the paid‐employed in this paper. Based on panel data from 2000 to 2017 in China, we find the creative class of paid‐employed is more attracted by a quality of place with better ecological environment and more art and culture facilities, while the self‐employed creative class seems to live and work in an area with more financial benefit and high‐tech industries. This study contributes a theoretical model to explain why and how the type of the creative class is unevenly spatially distributed across China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is an important intervention for survival among children in Sub Saharan Africa where HIV infection rates are comparatively high. Only few studies have explored issues relating to paediatric ART initiation and maintenance. This study was conducted to explore the perceptions and experiences of trained professional nurses regarding paediatric ART. Methods: Six focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted among trained professional nurses in selected health facilities in Free State Province, South Africa. Verbatim transcripts were analysed with a thematic approach. Results: The participants of this study reported counselling as an important component of paediatric ART in health facilities. The problem of non-disclosure, migration, incomplete records from referral health facilities, inadequate health workforce and difficulty in record keeping were cited as barriers against paediatric ART. Conclusion: This study showed that initiation and adherence to antiretroviral therapy among eligible children faces a significant challenge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Electrostatic Charging Laboratory for Interactions between Plasma and Spacecraft (ECLIPS) research vacuum chamber has recently been developed as part of the Autonomous Vehicle Systems Laboratory at the University of Colorado Boulder. The experimental spacecraft charging research facility allows conducting experiments relevant to charged astrodynamics in a space-like environment. This paper discusses the development, characterization, and present capabilities of the vacuum chamber, which includes a range of sources to provide electron, ion, and photon fluxes, probes to characterize electron fluxes, x-rays, and potentials, and a variety of ancillary components to ensure the safe operation of the system, such as 3-axis motion stages, a magnetic environment control system, or a residual gas analyzer, among others. This state-of-the art facility has been used to conduct experiments on touchless spacecraft potential sensing, electrostatic actuation, or electron gun development, and will continue to be employed for the study of charged astrodynamics in the future. • ECLIPS is a vacuum chamber facility designed to study charged astrodynamics experimentally. • The motivation, design, and characterization of ECLIPS are presented. • Applications include research relevant to the electrostatic tractor concept or touchless spacecraft potential sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the distribution of HIV-program staff and the extent to which their availability influences HIV programmatic and patient outcomes.Methods: The study was a facility level cross-sectional survey. Data from October 2018 to September 2019 were abstracted from HIV program reports conducted in 18 districts of Côte d'Ivoire. The distribution of staff in clinical, laboratory, pharmacy, management, lay, and support cadres were described across high and low antiretroviral therapy (ART) volume facilities. Non-parametric regression was used to estimate the effects of cadre categories on the number of new HIV cases identified, the number of cases initiated on ART, and the proportion of patients achieving viral load suppression.Results: Data from 49,871 patients treated at 216 health facilities were included. Low ART volume facilities had a median of 8.1 staff-per-100 ART patients, significantly higher than the 4.4 staff-per-100 ART patients at high-ART volume facilities. One additional laboratory staff member was associated with 4.30 (IQR: 2.00-7.48, p < 0.001) more HIV cases identified and 3.81 (interquartile range [IQR]: 1.44-6.94, p < 0.001) additional cases initiated on ART. Similarly, one additional lay worker was associated with 2.33 (IQR: 1.00-3.43, p < 0.001) new cases identified and 2.24 (IQR: 1.00-3.31, p < 0.001) new cases initiated on ART. No cadres were associated with viral suppression.Conclusions: HCWs in the laboratory and lay cadre categories were associated with an increase in HIV-positive case identification and initiation on ART. Our findings suggest that allocation of HCWs across health facilities should take into consideration the ART patient volume. Overall, increasing investment in health workforce is critical to achieve national HIV goals and reaching HIV epidemic control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Dear Agnes" is a fictitious correspondence that I shared with Agnes McCausland Richardson Etherington (1880–1954) during my doctoral studies in the Cultural Studies Program at Queen's University (2014-2019). Agnes Etherington is a key figure in the development of fine arts programs at Queen's, including its art collection. Owing to her bequest of the Etherington House, the university's art facility bears her name. The entire correspondence that we shared, and that was inserted as textual interruptions into my final dissertation portfolio, includes personal photos and a genealogy that chronologically records activities of Indigenous resurgence that occurred during my studies. What follows is an excerpt of the correspondence. This text is based on one of the four letters found in the portfolio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The focus of this paper and case study is the public art Depot Boijmans Van Beuningen, which will open in 2021 in Rotterdam. In our marketing campaign we present the Depot as the first fully public art storage facility in the world; but in fact, the development of opening up collections to the general public has been a focus for many institutions in the last decade. The concept of the Depot Boijmans Van Beuningen relates to different strategies for making the collection accessible, from visible storage and visitable storage, to the older concept of collection study rooms and the presentations we intend to make in the two public galleries within the depot, on the topics of collection care and collecting. With the opening of this building, we aim to reach a wider audience than the one that normally visits the museum, whom we will address as fellow collectors and owners of this public collection. While there are notable tensions between the public function of the building and the museum's primary vocation to preserve the collection for future generations, this new space also has the advantage of placing ignored artworks in the spotlight. The Depot Boijmans Van Beuningen represents a new typology in the museum field, in particular in the visual arts; however, there are more initiatives on the way, including the V&A East in London or the Centre Pompidou's new collection centre in the suburbs of Paris. A collection centre open to the public is not a feasible model for every museum, particularly because it is expensive and makes strong demands on organisations. In the future, we will face questions around unlimited collection growth and de-accessioning. Nonetheless, the Depot Boijmans Van Beuningen represents an effort to keep the depository active and more accessible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on several Exhibitions, Conferences and Announcements. Topics include focuses on the exhibition "The Bacchus Conservation Project: The Story of a Sculpture" at North Carolina Museum of Art, Raleigh NC from March 7, 2020 to June 27, 2021; and "Devotion and Fantasy, Witchcraft and the World's End" at Charleston Museum of Art, Charleston SC from October 9, 2020 to June 27, 2021.

Innovative composites processed using sorted out and characterized precursors from nature were formulated, synthesized then applied to cotton cellulose in the fabric form to confer on the cellulose multifunctional performance properties. Precursors embrace Moringa oleifera leaves aqueous and alcoholic extracts, chitosan, clay known as Kaolin and, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The latter were prepared under the reducing and stabilization actions of Moringa extracts. These Precursors are mixed to form binary or tertiary mixture formulations under variable formation conditions of the required composites. The composites and fabrics treated thereof were submitted to characterization, analysis and testing using traditional tools as well as state-of-the-art facilities including FT-IR, UV, Particle size analyser, TEM, SEM and EDX. Aqueous and alcoholic Moringa extracts exhibit different chemical attributes meanwhile both extracts fail to induce formation of AgNPs at up to pH 6. Intensive formation of AgNPs occurs only with the alcoholic extract provided that pH 8 or higher was employed. The particle size of AgNPs decreases by increasing the pH indicating chemical combination of Moringa extract and chitosan Moringa aqueous or alcoholic extract exhibit larger particle size than those containing chitosan and AgNPs. AgNPs were characterized by spherical shape with precise distribution of the particles. The nitrogen content, the physical properties and the mechanical properties of the treated fabrics were taken to demonstrate the magnitudes of intercalation and interactions of Moringa aqueous and alcoholic extracts individually and in composite with the cellulosic fabric. It was as well to emphasize the high antimicrobial activity imparted by current composites to the cellulosic fabrics. Equal emphasis was placed on UPF and easy-care properties of the treated fabrics. To this end, current research brings into focus novel cellulosic products with multifunctional performance as a direct impact of multifarious attributes caused by chemical combination of the composite in question and cellulosic fabrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) remains an important public health issue worldwide causing substantial morbidity and mortality. The Indian subcontinent accounted for up to 90% of the global VL burden in the past but made significant progress during recent years and is now moving towards elimination. However, to achieve and sustain elimination of VL, knowledge gaps on infection reservoirs and transmission need to be addressed urgently. Xenodiagnosis is the most direct way for testing the infectiousness of hosts to the vectors and can be used to investigate the dynamics and epidemiology of Leishmania donovani transmission. There are, however, several logistic and ethical issues with xenodiagnosis that need to be addressed before its application on human subjects. In the current Review, we discuss the critical knowledge gaps in VL transmission and the role of xenodiagnosis in disease transmission dynamics along with its technical challenges. Establishment of state of the art xenodiagnosis facilities is essential for the generation of much needed evidence in the VL elimination initiative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Botswana was the first African country to introduce free antiretroviral treatment (ART) to people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but today it has the third highest HIV prevalence rate (20.3 per 100 population) in the world. This study investigates the availability and accessibility of ART facilities in Botswana and the utilization of ART services in districts with high HIV prevalence and low percentages of ART uptake. Availability and accessibility are measured using Botswana's ART site model and road network analysis. Microdata on HIV status from the Botswana AIDS Impact Survey IV (BAIS IV) survey, and patient data on antiretroviral (ARV) utilization is examined at the health district level. The results show the spatial mean centers of hierarchically clustered ART facilities within ART sites are strategically located in areas of high population density. Many rural people across the country travel more than three hours to ART services. Within five rural health districts there are substantial ART facility patient deficits. Future planning should focus on increasing ART services and road infrastructure in rural areas, ART uptake for men, and ART adherence in relation to circular migration and social stigmas in rural destinations to ensure the success of the Treat All Program in Botswana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the present time, the museum scene is increasingly directing its efforts towards the production of critical and reflexive or even self reflexive exhibitions. When transparency, multi-perspectivism, and openness are brought to the forefront, it seems to be in response to the debates of the last decades about the museum as a powerful and contested place ofrepresentation: instead of objective and universal narratives that make their embedding in power structures invisible, reflexive exhibitions open them up to challenge. At the same time, however, these strategies are also committed to the neoliberal paradigm of flexibilization and permanent self-reflection and are thus part of the hegemonic order. On the basis of exemplary exhibition analyses, this study will examine how exactly and which types of reflection are (or should be) made possible and how they operate between critique, opening, and legitimation of the exhibiting institution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: While the scale-up of HIV services has improved national health management information systems (HMIS), there remain challenges in using routine data to guide the introduction of optimized antiretroviral (ARV) drugs. Methods: Building on the recent enhancements to the HMIS in Kenya and coinciding with the introduction of a new ARV regimen, tenofovir+lamivudine+dolutegravir (TLD), we developed and implemented an enhanced data system (EDS) to improve availability of safety and efficacy data among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Kenya. Using data from one health facility, we showcase how the EDS can be used to monitor ARV transition and identify missed opportunities to transition eligible patients to optimized regimes. Results: The EDS was designed to create a comprehensive PLHIV database by triangulating patient-level data from the EMR, the pharmacy ARV dispensing tool (ADT) and HIV viral load (VL) databases. On a monthly basis, the database is de-identified and uploaded into a national data warehouse, with interactive dashboards. Using the EDS, we determined that of the 5,500 PLHIV ≥15 years on first-line ART at one facility, 4,233 (77%) had transitioned to optimized ARVs. Of the 1,267 still on legacy regimens, 459 (36%) were determined to be eligible and prioritized to switch. Conclusions: This project illustrates how enhancements to the national HMIS can facilitate the use of routine patient-level data to monitor the transition to new ARVs and inform the national HIV response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyses the development directions of architectural thought with regard to establishment of art centres on the territory of Ukraine. It is established that existing national art centres are located in integrated premises and need improvement. The article emphasize the necessity of holistic development of a modern network of art centres in Ukraine based on developed conceptual models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the scientific research literature on changes over time in social connection and self-focus in the United States. It discusses the implications of these changes for the need for meaning, and in terms of mental health trends in the US. It then suggests that art museums can play a critical role in helping communities re-connect, by reenvisioning their roles as meaning makers in atime when people's existential needs are threatened. It ends by providing specific suggestions that art museums can try to re-connect people in their communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]