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ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of a blend of essential oils from eucalyptus, citrus, bromohexene HCl, thymole and camphor on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, intestinal morphology, serum biochemistry, and immune response of broiler chickens. A total of 240 day-old chicks were divided into four groups, each with six replicates containing ten birds. The experiment was conducted under a completely randomized design (CRD). Different concentrations of the oil blend (0mL/kg, 0.15mL/kg, 0.30mL/kg and 0.45mL/kg) were added to the diet. The findings showed that, in comparison to the other groups, the birds that were given a blend of essential oils at concentrations of 0.30 and 0.45 mL/kg showed improved weight gain, feed efficiency, carcass yield, villus height, crypt depth, and greater immune response against Newcastle disease vaccination (p

Abstract Clozapine is a potent serotonin receptor antagonist and commonly used for the treatment of Schizophrenia. The study aimed to develop and optimize the transdermal matrix patch of clozapine. A 3-level, 3-factor Central Composite Design was applied to examine and validate the impact of various formulation variables, Eudragit, PEG, and oleic acid on in vitro drug release, flux, and tensile strength (TS). Different formulation characteristics were studied in terms of physico-chemical characterization, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), drug release performance, and in vitro permeability. The numerical and graphical optimization was based on the desirability function and the optimized formulation obtained from the polynomial equation was further validated and evaluated for the targeted critical attributes. The optimized patch was further evaluated for skin irritation, in vivo pharmacodynamics, in silico prediction, and simulation using the GastroPlus TCAT® model and stability. The experimental results of the optimized formulation, such as tensile strength 1.220 kg/cm2, flux 147.376 μg/cm2/h and Q24 94.874%, showed similarity with the values predicted by numerical and graphical optimization. In vivo Neuro-pharmacological studies showed that the results were comparable to the standard. The C max , T max , AUC t, and AUC inf were predicted as 38.396 ng/mL, 28.960 h, 1625.500 ng-h/mL, and 1175.700 ng-h/mL for a 50 mg patch. No skin irritation was found for the optimized transdermal patch as per the Draize score method. The shelf life of the optimized formulation was 30.41 months under accelerated conditions. The study showed that the matrix-type transdermal patch of clozapine can be used for the management of schizophrenia in terms of improved patient compliance.

Body condition score (BCS) at calving is a vital indicator of the effectiveness of the beginning of lactation in dairy animals. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of BCS at calving on milk production and transition success in dairy buffaloes. Thirty-six (36) Nili Ravi buffaloes were enrolled at 40 days of expected calving and followed through 90 days of lactation. The buffaloes were categorized into three groups according to their BCS (on a scale of 1–5 with 0.25 increments) as follows: 1) low, buffaloes with BCS ≤ 3.0; 2) medium, buffaloes with BCS 3.25–3.5; and 3) high, buffaloes with BCS ≥ 3.75. All buffaloes were fed a similar diet ad libitum. The lactation diet had increased concentrate allowance according to milk yield. The results revealed that the BCS at calving did not affect milk yield; however, fat percentage (fat%) was lower in the low-BCS group. Dry matter intake (DMI) was similar among the treatment groups, although post-calving BCS loss was greater in the high-BCS group compared to the medium- and the low-BCS groups. Similarly, the buffaloes in the high-BCS group had higher non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentration compared to the low- and medium-BCS groups. No cases of metabolic disorders were observed during the study. The present results suggest that the buffaloes in the medium-BCS group appeared to perform better compared to the low- and the high-BCS groups with respect to milk fat% and blood NEFA concentration.

Introduction: Behçet’s disease (BD) is a rare inflammatory autoimmune disorder characterized by recurrent oral and genital ulcers, uveitis, and other systemic manifestations. Reported neurological manifestations of BD include meningoencephalitis, cerebral venous thrombosis, intracranial hypertension (ICH), and cranial nerve palsies. Involvement of the superior vena cava (SVC) is rare but should be considered in patients with BD with suspected ICH. Case Report: A 32-year-old man presented with ICH as the initial manifestation of BD. He presented with a one-week history of facial and neck edema, headache, and blurry vision, followed by fever, sore throat, and oral blisters a few days later. Lumbar puncture (LP) was performed, and opening pressure was found to be elevated at >50 cmH2O and closing pressure of 36 cmH2O. The work-up included a chest CT, which identified thrombosis of the SVC extending into the brachiocephalic veins, and blood work which revealed elevated inflammatory markers. Further probing revealed a history of genital ulcers and a family history of a cousin with BD. The patient underwent mechanical thrombectomy and was treated with oral prednisone with symptom resolution. Conclusion: BD has a wide spectrum of symptomology and may present without common manifestations, making it challenging to diagnose. The aim of our report was to emphasize the importance exploring the rarer vascular, neurological, and cardiac symptoms of BD in order to avoid potentially dangerous sequala. A system approach may be necessary to diagnose and optimally treat these patients.

Introduction: Doose Syndrome is a myoclonic-atonic seizure disorder most prominent in the pediatric population. Several common genetic mutations have been identified. However, SUOX gene mutations have not yet been correlated with Doose Syndrome. Case Report: At the age of 5, the patient presented with absence seizures followed by the development of generalized tonic-clonic and myoclonic-atonic seizures. She was diagnosed with Doose Syndrome based on her clinical presentation and EEG findings. An MRI found an incidental left choroidal fissure cyst. Multiple medical interventions failed to control seizures. To date, the patient has shown partial response to clobazam (40 mg/day), phenobarbital (97.5 mg/day), and a ketogenic diet. Conclusion: SUOX gene defects have been associated with isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency. However, our patient did not have the typical presentation, progression, and symptomology of this disorder. Instead, several possible sources for the seizures were identified; the mutation itself, focal seizures originating from the brain lesion which then generalizes mimicking Doose Syndrome, or a synergistic role between the cyst and genetic mutation.

Abstract The present work was to study the genetic variability between the major carps Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala and their hybrids of L. rohita (male♂) and C. mrigala (female♀). Genetic variability was studied by employing RAPD molecular markers. 25 samples of each target species having different sizes with the same age group for the determination of interspecific variation were collected. The morphometric parameters such as body weight, total length, tail length, and lengths of dorsal and anal fins of each individual were recorded and results showed that wet body weight, total length, dorsal fin, anal fin, and tail fin length are positively correlated and then the DNA was extracted using the inorganic salt-based method and conformed by Gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four arbitrary decamer primers were used to get species-specific RAPD analysis Distinct and highly reproducible RAPD profiles with significant genetic variability was detected among species. Only five primers showed amplification. The RAPAD primer OPB-05 produced a total of seven bands out of these 5 monomorphic and 2 polymorphic, so in this case, the percentage polymorphism was 28.57%. The Hybrid show more than a 50% difference from the Labeo rohita. This shows that the Hybrid more resembles C.mrigala. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that hybrid (L. rohita ♂ X Cirrhinus mrigala ♀) is the closest to C. mrigala and the farthest from L. rohita. Overall data are presented concerning the applications of RAPD markers for hybrid identification, genetic diversity assessment, and studying taxonomic relationships at a molecular level.

Android is used by most of the population of the users. It is an attractive target for malicious application developers due to its open source nature. These malicious writers are developing new trends to steal sensitive information from the devices. A new trend is represented as collision attack in this manner. During this attack different apps communicate via Inter-Process Communication (IPC) for variety of purposes. In this paper, a dynamic approach is proposed for automatic collision detection between communication applications. The focus of the study is on the sharing of multiple type data. Moreover, to select application for analyzing is difficult task to perform and two predictive functions has been used in this manner. The evaluation was performed on a dataset of 800 android applications for analyzing the colluding couples. The developed methodology produces an accuracy of 97.2% during the experiments by the developed system.

The evaluation of available material in the search for earthquakes indicates a contradiction of opinion on the physical models of earthquake mechanisms. The cycle of seismoenergy requires an innovative approach to understanding the seismotectonic environment in focus of future earthquakes. The focus-rapture model retaining fault as the source of seismic burst is inconsistent with reality and temporizing elaboration of prediction of earthquakes. Whereas the three-dimensional volume outlines the shape of the focus of future seismic bursts in seismogenic layers of the Earth's crust and upper mantle. The spatially threedimensional volumetric focus can be lateral, vertical or angular in the space of the seismogenic layers. The stagnant, burstable and emission zones are defined based on seismic activity characteristics. The stagnant enhances the perpetuation capacity of volumetric focus. Therefore, stagnant is an aseismic zone, and the burstable zone is a potential seismic active zone. While the emission zone is the channel for the gentle seepage of geostress energy to the atmosphere, the continuous geodynamic processes can change the initial configuration of the complexity of stagnant and burstable zones. The volumetric focus is easily contoured making it easy to delineate spatial angle, and depth of future focus of seismic bursts in the seismogenic layers. The volume and depth articulate the possible magnitude and intensity of future earthquakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this research paper is to highlight that Islam gives equal opportunities to women socially, politically and economically. She has equal rights as a social and political individual in a Muslim society. Islam upholds a segregated work-sphere for women i.e. it takes into account her physique, self-respect, modesty and protection and rather offers a privileged status. Women have taken part in all spheres of life in the early Islamic era which testifies to the progressive and modern approach of Islam.

Introduction: Ischaemic stroke is a heterogeneous multifactorial disorder characterized by acute focal neurological deficit due to cerebrovascular disease. Considering the clinical evidence of dyslipidaemia as a risk factor for ischaemic stroke, there is a need to know the magnitude of dyslipidaemia in patients. Aim of the study was to determine the frequency of dyslipidaemia in patients of ischaemic stroke at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Larkana, Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Medicine, Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University Hospital Larkana, Pakistan during the period of six months (July-December 2016). All patients between 18-75 years of age of either gender suffering from ischaemic stroke were included. All patients with intracranial haemorrhage, CNS tumour, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, familial lipid disorders, endocrine disorders, chronic diseases, and on anti-lipid medications, cocaine or alcohol addicts were excluded. The statistical analysis was conducted by using Stata Statistical Software 14. Results: Mean age of enrolled participants was 46.3 (SD=15.2) years. Of 85 enrolled participants, 73 (85.9%) were males and 12 (14.1%) were females, with male to female ratio of 6:1. The frequency of dyslipidaemia was 28 (32.9%), with mean LDL 100.7 (SD=18.4) mg/dl and HDL 42 (SD=11.7) mg/dl and total cholesterol 166.3 (SD=34.3) mg/dl. Conclusions & Recommendations: Dyslipidaemia, with low HDL 13 (15.3%) was found to be the most common risk factor we observed in our patients with stroke. The importance of preventive measures for a disease which has modifiable risk factors (diabetes and hypertension) should be emphasized to reduce the burden of stroke in the country.

Interchange ramps need a proper and consistent geometric design to avoid possible traffic accidents. The objective of this study is to develop guidelines for consistent design of outer connection ramps. As such, 47 ramps were selected from 18 different interchanges in Jordan. Free-flow speed measurements, for different vehicle classes, were taken along ramps and at predefined points. Also, traffic accidents, geometric variables, and traffic volumes were obtained. For circular ramps, the analysis indicated that the operating speed reduction is strongly affected by radius and deflection angle of the curve. The radius of the first curve had the greatest impact on speed reduction on curve-straight-curve ramps. For reverse-curve ramps, the ratio of the radii should be 6:4:9 to achieve a good consistent design for cars, provided that the radius of the first curve exceeds 110 m. Further analysis indicated that speed reduction, geometric variables, and traffic volume influenced the occurrence of accidents. Key words: interchange, outer connection ramps, consistent design, traffic accidents, Jordan. Les bretelles de raccordement requierent une conception geometrique appropriee et logique afin d'eviter les accidents de la circulation. L'objectif de cette etude est d'elaborer des lignes directrices pour la conception logique de bretelles de raccordement exterieur. Ainsi, 47 bretelles ont ete selectionnees parmi 18 echangeurs differents en Jordanie. Des mesures de la vitesse a l'ecoulement libre, pour differentes classes de vehicules, ont ete effectuees le long des bretelles et a des points predefinis. De plus, on a obtenu les donnees sur les accidents de la circulation, les variables geometriques et les debits de circulation. Pour les bretelles circulaires, l'analyse a indique que le rayon et l'angle de deviation de la courbe influent fortement sur la reduction de la vitesse maximale realisable. Le rayon de la premiere courbe a eu la plus grande incidence sur la reduction de la vitesse sur les bretelles en courbe-droite-courbe. Pour les bretelles en courbe inversee, le rapport des rayons devrait etre de 6:4:9 pour obtenir une bonne conception logique pour les voitures, a condition que le rayon de la premiere courbe depasse 110 m. Une analyse plus poussee a indique que la reduction de la vitesse, les variables geometriques et le debit de circulation ont une incidence sur les accidents. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : echangeur, bretelle de raccordement exterieur, conception coherente, accidents de la circulation, Jordanie., Introduction Interchanges are constructed in urban and suburban areas to ease traffic operation and reduce traffic accidents. An interchange is a combination of ramps and grade separations at the intersection [...]

In the era of industrial evolution, satellites are being viewed as swarm intelligence that does not rely on a single system but multiple constellations that collaborate autonomously. This has enhanced the potential of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) to contribute to improving position, navigation, and timing (PNT) services. However, multipath (MP) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) receptions remain the prominent vulnerability for the GNSS in harsh environments. The aim of this research is to investigate the impact of MP and NLOS receptions on GNSS performance and then propose a Received Signal Quality Monitoring (RSQM) algorithm. The RSQM algorithm works in two ways. Initially, it performs a signal quality test based on a fuzzy inference system. The input parameters are carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR), Normalized Range Residuals (NRR), and Code–Carrier Divergence (CCD), and it computes the membership functions based on the Mamdani method and classifies the signal quality as LOS, NLOS, weak NLOS, and strong NLOS. Secondly, it performs an adaptive navigation strategy to exclude/mask the affected range measurements while considering the satellite geometry constraints (i.e., D O P ≤ 2 ). For this purpose, comprehensive research to quantify the multi-constellation GNSS receiver with four constellation configurations (GPS, BeiDou, GLONASS, and Galileo) has been carried out in various operating environments. This RSQM-based GNSS receiver has the capability to identify signal quality and perform adaptive navigation accordingly to improve navigation performance. The results suggest that GNSS performance in terms of position error is improved from 5.4 m to 2.3 m on average in the complex urban environment. Combining the RSQM algorithm with the GNSS has great potential for the future industrial revolution (Industry 5.0), making things automatic and sustainable like autonomous vehicle operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Migraine is a neurological condition marked by frequent headaches, which tends to be accompanied by nausea and vomiting in severe instances. Injectable therapies for migraine, such as monoclonal antibodies that target calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), have proven to be effective and safe. While various oral drugs are available, none have been developed for migraines. Patients prefer oral therapies because they are easier to use, making atogepant, an orally accessible small-molecule CGRP receptor antagonist, a possible alternative. Objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis compared the safety and effectiveness of atogepant with placebo in treating migraine. Methods: Adhering to the PRISMA guidelines, we meticulously gathered randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from databases including the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Science Direct, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Studies comparing atogepant with placebo and reporting monthly migraine days (MMDs) as the primary outcome along with secondary outcomes such as monthly headache days and acute medication use days were included. Two independent reviewers conducted the data extraction and quality assessment. Statistical analyses were carried out using RevMan, utilizing risk ratios for dichotomous outcomes and mean differences for continuous outcomes, and a random-effects model. Results: Our primary outcome was the change in MMDs over 12 weeks, which showed a significant reduction with atogepant at dosages of 10, 30, and 60 mg. Secondary outcomes, such as monthly headache days, proportion of patients achieving a ≥ 50% reduction in MMDs, acute medication use days, and patient-reported outcomes, consistently showed that atogepant outperformed placebo, highlighting its effectiveness in reducing the migraine burden. Conclusion: Higher doses of atogepant are more effective in lowering migraine and headache-related days and increasing quality of life metrics. However, this is accompanied by an increased incidence of adverse events, suggesting the need for careful dose optimization to balance the benefits and risks. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display%5frecord.php?RecordID=563395. Unique Identifier: CRD42024563395. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to industrialization and over population, surface water resources are out of reach from many people so consumption of ground water is the only choice to overcome the water scarcity. Naturally, ground water is one of the significant and potable water resource but some geographical conditions and anthropogenic activities deteriorate the water quality and make it objectionable for drinking. This study was conducted to evaluate the ground water quality of Karachi, Pakistan. For this, 42 ground water samples were collected from different districts of Karachi and analyzed their physicochemical and microbiological characteristics and compared with both international (WHO) and national (SEQS) drinking water standards. Observations of the study declared that overall contamination (physicochemical and microbial) in the ground water samples of different districts of Karachi was as follow West (21%), South (20%), Central (17%), Malir (16%), Korangi (14%) and East (12%). Physical assessment of the study area declared that pH and turbidity of the ground water samples varies in the range of (6.54-7.9) and (0-1.01 NTU) which exist in the standard prescribed limit. Whereas, detection of chemical contaminants particularly TDS (457-12090 mg/L), hardness (118.8-3645 mg/L) and chloride (190-4918 mg/L) content in most of the samples were also exceed from the prescribed limit. Additionally, arsenic was abundantly present ranging from 3.52-13.63 mg/L in all collected samples of Karachi city while the concentration of cadmium (range: 0.0005-0.5012 mg/L) and lead (range: 0.201-1.817 mg/L) were also high in few samples, from the permissible limit of drinking water. Microbial contamination was also detected in which coliforms were present in the range of 0-150 CFU/100mL, which also unfit the water quality. This deteriorated ground water quality of Karachi can be improved by maintenance of proper sanitary conditions of the communities and implementation of water treatments, otherwise consumption of such water may develop serious health related consequences in the consumers.

Societies have been suffering from the unconventional and social problem of begging. It is a universal social issue, which has no limits on an area, town, or rural and urban places. Developing countries are generally suffering from this curse. The following study focuses on this issue, mitigating in the light of Islamic Teachings. There are different reasons for begging including, physical disability, social imbalance, and economic inequality. There are; different types of beggars are there: bankrupts, incapacitated, forced, and others. Generally, the begging has started to pave spacious tendencies towards crime in the shape of communal, economic even political debacles. Nowadays, laziness is termed as a simple way to penury even easy-going earning sources. In all and sundry, penury cannot be controlled till the general will of self-independence is developed. Moreover, effective measures by the societies and the governments should be taken and new resources should be created that make a stable and developed society.

Testing of mobile applications (apps) has its quirks as numerous events are required to be tested. Mobile apps testing, being an evolving domain, carries certain challenges that should be accounted for in the overall testing process. Since smartphone apps are moderate in size so we consider that model-based testing (MBT) using state machines and statecharts could be a promising option for ensuring maximum coverage and completeness of test cases. Using model-based testing approach, we can automate the tedious phase of test case generation, which not only saves time of the overall testing process but also minimizes defects and ensures maximum test case coverage and completeness. In this paper, we explore and model the most critical modules of the mobile app for generating test cases to ascertain the efficiency and impact of using model-based testing. Test cases for the targeted model of the application under test were generated on a real device. The experimental results indicate that our framework reduced the time required to execute all the generated test cases by 50%. Experimental setup and results are reported herein.