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This article analyses Chinese migration policies through historical and comparative lenses in an attempt to cross conceptual divides in existing literature on migration policies. The first part of the article offers an empirically grounded overview of developments in Chinese migration policies in the two decades after the regime changes of 1949 and 1978. A second analytical section brings together literature on the Global North, Global South, and Asian and Chinese migrations and migration policies. The article posits the following three main points. First, literature on the Global South is valuable for theorising Chinese migration policies in that it highlights emigration and development rather than immigration as in Hollifield's 'migration state'. However, in prioritising economic objectives, it fails to consider Chinese migration policies in relation to identity formation and nation-building under the influence of wars and decolonisation processes – what Adamson and Tsourapas have called 'nationalising' policies. Second, the article notes the significance of ethnic return migration in Chinese policies, which is overlooked in literature on the Global South, but examined in literature on Asian migrations. Finally, the article posits that the nexus between internal and external migration in a Chinese context offers critical insights for theorising migration policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While mixed marriage can act as a 'facilitator of integration' for migrants, feminist scholars have argued that in Asia, pathways to citizenship for marriage migrants are precariously ridden with negotiations around gender, ethnicity, nationality and class. In this context, the family sphere lies between the individual migrant and the state, and features as a strategic site where citizenship categories take effect on migrant lives on the one hand, and where citizenship claims are mediated, negotiated and contested on the other. Drawing on two ethnographic studies of Southeast Asian women marrying Singaporean men belonging to lower socioeconomic strata, we show how the host nation-state's hierarchical control interacts with family processes in producing marriage migrants as partial citizens with limited rights to work, residency and citizenship. We also demonstrate how marriage migrants find leverage in negotiating the paradox of being responsible affinal subjects of the family and partial citizens of the nation-state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper problematizes the concept of transit migration and analyzes individual adaptation strategies used by migrants from the former Soviet Union and South Asian countries. These migrants transited through Ukraine and ended up in the country when their plans for further migration to European Union countries or the United States of America did not materialize. It examines how migration outcomes are affected by the migrants' social capital and sheds light on their alternative resources to cope with life in Ukraine given limited state support. The results show significant differences in the adaptation and possibilities for legal ways to migrate to other countries for migrants coming from Central Asia, Afghanistan and other Asian countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic research on the White Australia Policy has spanned the history of Asian migration and policy-making initiatives in Australia. However, the role of popular transnational media images and stories of the past that inform the socio-cultural understanding of Australia–India cross-cultural relations has been under evaluated. In this paper, using unexplored archival material from popular newspaper reports and columns, I will examine the 'goodwill visits' of two Indian journalists, K. K. Lalkaka and Sir R. Srinivasa Sarma, to Australia in 1927 and 1947. By assessing the role of these two journalists, this paper will highlight transnational issues such as migration, ethnicity, race, class and trade between the two countries. Borrowing from Vineet Thakur's research highlighting the role of first diplomats in the pre-independence era India, this article will contribute to the field of history in Indian diplomatic studies and historiography of Australian–Indian cross-cultural relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A personal narrative is presented which explores the author's transpacific Indigenous origin and her challenging experiences as an Asian migrant in the U.S. and Canada during the 20th century.

Nationwide surveys in 2015–16 in Australia collected data on experiences of racism in various spheres of everyday life, including housing. Of 6,001 respondents, 843 were of an Asian birthplace or background, and 638 spoke an Asian language. These Asian Australians had double the rate of experience of racism than had other Australians, in the form of racist mistrust, disrespect, and name‐calling (70% vs 35%). When renting or buying a house, almost six in ten (58%) Asian‐born participants had experienced discrimination to some extent because of their culture or religion. While 81 per cent of non‐Asian Australians report there is no racism in housing, the proportion reporting this among the Asian‐born participants was only 42 per cent. Those born in Australia but with Asian parents have the same exposure to racism, whereas those with only one parent born in Asia had an exposure closer to those with no Asian connection. "Racial" appearance plays a role in the racism experienced in relation to buying or renting housing. Racism in such a context limits Asian Australians' access to space and curtails the making of non‐Anglo place, which leads to the conclusion that land and housing are crucibles of racist nationalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International migration has changed the demographics and dynamics of Australia's population since European settlement. It continues to be a principal driver in the growth of its cities, including a projected doubling of major city populations by mid‐century. The influence of migrants on metropolitan housing markets—and urban consumption more generally—has been significant, and the socio‐spatial influence of migration in Australia has been the focus of regular geographical research. Less researched is the impact that "importing" half of the nation's population growth each year has on consumption of urban resources and environmental impact, including via housing consumption practices. Evidence has also been lacking on changed consumption behaviours of migrants moving from developing to developed, high‐income societies—a barometer, perhaps, of a future trajectory of consumption within developing societies. The largest cohort of recent immigrants to Australian cities has been from China, and this trend can be expected to continue. This paper focuses on a comparison of urban consumption patterns (with particular focus on housing) among a group of 61 China‐born households prior to their migration to Melbourne post‐1995 and following their settlement in an established middle‐ring suburb of Melbourne (Box Hill). Using ecological footprint as the metric of consumption, results are striking. Not only do China‐born migrants "catch up" to Australian levels of urban consumption but they also surpass it in many cases. Findings are examined in relation to housing and urban context and a range of household sociocultural factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article talks about the themes of indigenous peoples, comparative empires, World War II and the language of race and racism, all in relation to teaching. Topics discussed include racial hybridity an colonialism in the American West, indigenous settlement and identity in the history of the American West, and Asian migration and settlement.

This special section assembles perspectives on mobilities, migration and new media that emphasise mobile subjects’ multifarious involvements in overlapping digital spheres, which relate them socially and emotionally to both their home and destination countries. In this introduction, we identify two key themes that connect articles in this collection. First, authors accentuate migration and new media appropriation as a process involving liminal spaces characterized by transition, experimentation and tentativeness. Second, they analyse the subtle frictions that derive from migrants’ embeddedness in digital and offline social fields, shot through with power asymmetries that may simultaneously imply empowerment on one hand, and surveillance and control on the other. Authors draw on empirical case studies of transnational migration in foregrounding multiple mobilities within, to or from Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chinese diaspora is the largest and most extensive among the world's migrant populations. Recent estimates put the number of Chinese emigrants at 40 million people. Far from being a homogenous group, members of the Chinese diaspora have diverse economic, cultural, social, educational, and personal backgrounds as well as very different life stories and emigration experiences. Despite the growing interest in the Pacific Rim and the constant immigration of Chinese to the Americas through the 20th century, there is very little information about their migration to Colombia. This article explores the topic from a historical point of view in order to fill this void. The little that is known about Chinese migrants to Colombia is presented in the context of a discussion on the diaspora in order to highlight the transnationality and multiplicity of identities among this migrant group. The article also examines the similarities and differences between Chinese migration to Colombia and other countries in Latin America and on other continents, relating these particularities to local contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay explores immigration and emigration policies and practices in Mexico during the early twentieth century, focusing especially on exploring how certain immigrant groups came to be defined as undesirable. Topics considered include the fact that Mexico did not begin to pass immigration laws until 1908, the majority of immigrants arriving in Mexico were ultimately bound for the U.S., mestizos and national identity, and public health issues posed by Asian immigrants.

In her recent work, Sau-ling Cynthia Wong draws critical attention to the implications of the formation of an Asian American "diaporic community" in cyberspace, where race still operates as an organizing principle of power relations. Although cyberspace is not confined by national borders, Wong examines how subversion of and intervention in race- and sex-based hierarchies in cyberspace can articulate Asian American identities in relation to diasporas and the nation-state. This essay explores the politics of artistic invention in diasporas as embedded in the disruption, dislocation, and fragmentation in Ming-Yuen S. Ma's multi-media project, Xin Lu: A Travelogue in Four Parts--a series of four experimental videos about Chinese diasporas. It argues that by moving outside the nation-space into the experiential and virtual "global space" of diasporas, Ma's work addresses Wong's concerns and enacts a viable "virtual mediation" that situates Chinese diasporas in the historical contexts of British colonialism and American racial exploitation and exclusion. This movement also entails confronting other forms of oppression, including sexism and heterosexism in both the East and West. While giving voice and visibility to the struggles of racial and sexual minorities across national borders, Ma demonstrates the possibilities of a historicized critical approach to diasporas, one which underlies Wong's insistence in critiquing gendered and racialized power structures both within and outside the nation-state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We estimate assimilation of immigrants’ body mass index (BMI) to the host population of Australia over one generation, conducting separate analyses for immigrants from 7 regions of Europe and Asia. We use quantile regressions to allow for differing impact of generational status across 19 quantiles of BMI from under-weight to morbidly obese individuals. We find that 1st generation South European immigrants have higher, and South and East Asian immigrants have lower BMI than Australians, but have assimilated to the BMI of their hosts in the 2nd generation. There are no or only small BMI differences between Australians and 1st and 2nd generation immigrants from East Europe, North-West Europe, Middle East and Pacific regions. We conclude that both upward and downward assimilation in some immigrant groups is most likely caused by factors which can change over one generation (such as acculturation), and not factors which would take longer to change (such as genetics). Our results suggest that public health policies targeting the lifestyles of well educated Asian immigrants may be effective in preventing BMI increase in this subgroup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses 20th century intellectual perceptions concerning the cultural, political, and social cohesiveness of the Asian continent. The author analyzes the concepts of regions and regionalization, the latter a consciously undertaken political process that seeks to create an interdependent region. The influence of European imperialism, especially that of Great Britain, on Asian capitalism, regionalization, and state formation is described. Emphasis is given to Asian economic interdependence, effects of globalization on the continent, and migration within Asia.

This article is part of a forum discussing the article "Asia Redux: Coneptualizing a Region for Our Times," by Prasenjit Duara, also published within the issue. The present article discusses cultural interactions among different Asian groups throughout history, focusing on links between Asian ports and cities, warfare, and premodern cultural contact in Asia. Emphasis is given to the travels of Buddhist monks in Central and Southeast Asia, trade between Persians and Arabs, and Indian and Chinese attempts to gain control of maritime trade in premodern times.

The article focuses on an issue regarding immigration policies in the U.S. It highlights the implementation of the National Origins Act to restrict the immigration of Asians as well as Southern and Eastern Europeans in the U.S. The act aims to address the possible growth of labor unrest and population of immigrants. It mentions the role of Episcopal Migration Ministries (EMM) in providing shelters for those seeking refuge.

The article presents a critical analysis of the theatrical production "Burning Daylight," performed by the Marrugeku Theatre Company, in light of the history of relations between Asian immigrants to Australia and indigenous Australians. Topics include multiculturalism in Australia, law and policy on interracial relationships between indigenous Australians and Asian Australians, and the White Australia Policy. The play is discussed for its themes of interracial relationships, deportation, and ghosts. Other topics of the article include the pearl-shelling industry of Broome, Australia, the notion of the wild west of Australia, and the use of dance, song, and video in the production.

The article examines the developments that made the legend of an Asian migration into Europe part of mainstream historiography during the eighteenth century. It was believed that the Norse god Odin was in fact a historical person, who had migrated from Asia to with the north of Europe with his tribe. The significance of this legend to how medieval poetry was received and debated in England has received little attention. The study falls into three sections. The first will trace the significance of the Odin migration legend in discovering Germanic cultural origins. The second section examines the impact of the legend on philological studies, primarily in establishing a new category: the Gothic (i.e. Teutonic/Germanic) poetic tradition. The final section will focus on the debate between two of the most important eighteenth-century pioneers of vernacular poetic tradition: Thomas Percy and Thomas Warton. Their discussion over whether the Asian foundation of Germanic (and thereby English) tradition had paved the way for later Arabian influences is instructive, as it shows how Eastern “others” were negotiated in the discovery of cultural and national roots. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article discusses the departures and arrivals in the scripture in reflection to Asian Christians' migration in New Zealand. It notes the assumption that Christianity in New Zealand has declined due to Asian migrants. It highlights the changes of the country's religiosity in relation to its diverse ethnicity population. It reveals the significance of people's migration to their faith and life and the movement of Christianity base on a survey of the biblical narrative.

We investigate the association between a subjective measure of social status and the reasons for immigration among Asian immigrants in the US. We use data from the National Latino and Asian American Study to test several hypotheses about this association. Our analyses show the positive effect on perceived social standing of migrating for better education, the negative effect of migrating to seek employment, and the negative impact of refugee status. Migrating for family reunification can be associated with various circumstances, which lead to differing outcomes. The results suggest that the notion that immigrants arrive in the US with limited resources and few skills and move slowly up the socioeconomic ladder must be reassessed in light of the complex social context and factors such as ethnicity, gender, divergent immigration paths, and a range of associated circumstances. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This article reports in brief on an Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) Diasporas, Migrations and Identities (DMI) programme funded network, 'Writing British-Asian Cities', which ran between 2006 and 2009. It contends that the diverse local configuration of Asian Britain has to a large extent remained unexamined in the literature. Having organised community-based events in five English cities, an indication is given of how London's East End, Bradford, Manchester, Birmingham and Leicester have all been 'written' and represented across a variety of genres since the 1960s. Bringing the perspectives of the social sciences into conversation with the arts and humanities, the network also prioritised further reflection on certain disciplinary perspectives and cross-cutting themes: history; literary/cultural production; religion; gender. Various working papers and other resources which report in more detail on the project are lodged on an interactive website, while a research group of the British Association of South Asian Studies (BASAS) has also been recently established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses how a shift in immigration patterns from transatlantic migrants to trans-Pacific migrants has changed Canada. According to the author, following the enactment of a Canadian immigration law in 1967, the volume of trans-Pacific immigrants has risen steadily, creating a blend of multilingual Canadians with a global connection. Topics include why it does not make sense for Canada to remain a society with a bilingual dialogue solely between English and French and a historical overview of the changing demographics of Canada, including Asian immigration in the 21st century. An in-depth discussion of what the label Pacific Canada means, in terms of economic, cultural, and political linkages, is also presented.

This article draws on life stories with first-generation Ugandan Asians to explore the construction of their collective identities and to highlight the primacy of gender in this process. The article seeks to unpack the meanings configured around salient images in their narratives including the heroic male pioneer, the South Asian housewife and the South Asian woman bereft of her jewellery. These capture important moments in the expression of their collective history; from their father's migration to East Africa, to their life in Uganda and their subsequent expulsion. It is argued that whilst the depiction of the male pioneer epitomised their sense of being successful migrants by surviving and transcending difficulties, the representations of women help to communicate the sudden and profound sense of loss Ugandan Asians felt as they were forced to flee Uganda and resettle in Britain. This sense of loss was multifaceted and was deeply felt by the male respondents. The images of women, particularly during the expulsion, served as a counterpoint to the men's narratives and are contested by the women's own personal stories, which reveal the range of experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two prehistoric migrations peopled the Pacific. One reached New Guinea and Australia, and a second, more recent, migration extended through Melanesia and from there to the Polynesian islands. These migrations were accompanied by two distinct populations of the specific human pathogen Helicobacter pylori, called hpSahul and hspMaori, respectively, hpSahul split from Asian populations of H. pylori 31,000 to 37,000 years ago, in concordance with archaeological history. The hpSahul populations in New Guinea and Australia have diverged sufficiently to indicate that they have remained isolated for the past 23,000 to 32,000 years. The second human expansion from Taiwan 5000 years ago dispersed one of several subgroups of the Austronesian language family along with one of several hspMauri clades into Melanesia and Polynesia, where both language and parasite have continued to diverge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Koreans are generally considered a northeast Asian group because of their geographical location. However, recent findings from Y chromosome studies showed that the Korean population contains lineages from both southern and northern parts of East Asia. To understand the genetic history and relationships of Korea more fully, additional data and analyses are necessary. Methodology and Results: We analyzed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence variation in the hypervariable segments I and II (HVS-I and HVS-II) and haplogroup-specific mutations in coding regions in 445 individuals from seven east Asian populations (Korean, Korean-Chinese, Mongolian, Manchurian, Han (Beijing), Vietnamese and Thais). In addition, published mtDNA haplogroup data (N = 3307), mtDNA HVS-I sequences (N = 2313), Y chromosome haplogroup data (N = 1697) and Y chromosome STR data (N = 2713) were analyzed to elucidate the genetic structure of East Asian populations. All the mtDNA profiles studied here were classified into subsets of haplogroups common in East Asia, with just two exceptions. In general, the Korean mtDNA profiles revealed similarities to other northeastern Asian populations through analysis of individual haplogroup distributions, genetic distances between populations or an analysis of molecular variance, although a minor southern contribution was also suggested. Reanalysis of Y-chromosomal data confirmed both the overall similarity to other northeastern populations, and also a larger paternal contribution from southeastern populations. Conclusion: The present work provides evidence that peopling of Korea can be seen as a complex process, interpreted as an early northern Asian settlement with at least one subsequent male-biased southern-to-northern migration, possibly associated with the spread of rice agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 1990s, Asia has emerged as the major contributor of migration flows into New Zealand. Settler migration, tourism, international business and more recently, international education make up the diverse flows of Asian peoples into the country. This paper explores the changing dynamics of Asian transnational families over the last two decades, with a special focus on the experiences of young people within these families. In the early 1990s, bi-local families were commonly known as “astronaut” families, in which one or both parents returned to their countries of origin to work, leaving their children to be educated in New Zealand. Over time the structures of these families have changed, as many young migrants relocated back to their former homeland or re-migrated to a third country, while “astronaut parents” rejoined their spouses either in the origin or destination. More recently, the educational migration of international students from countries in Asia has given rise to another form of transnational family, in which young people enter New Zealand as international students and some subsequently become residents. In this paper, the experiences of these young people are explored within the wider context of family strategies for maximising benefits through spatially extended networks on the one hand, and government initiatives and immigration policy changes that have been taking place in New Zealand since the 1990s on the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores some of the issues associated with the nature of contemporary transnationalism and the particular experiences and strategies of a specific cohort of migrants, the 1.5 generation. Based on a study of East Asian migrant adolescents to New Zealand, we argue that the experiences and strategies of this generation differ from those of their parents, the original decision-makers in the migration process, as well as from the historical experiences of earlier migrants. There is an ambivalence (in-betweenness) about settlement and attachment that raises some key questions about the assumptions of the immigration literature and of policy/political communities. The paper suggests that the 1.5 generation represents a particular group that deserves more attention in the migration and transnationalism literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines young people's intentions to migrate abroad in Kyrgyzstan, focusing in particular on differences between Asian and European-origin ethnic groups. The multivariate analyses of recent survey data show that even after controlling for socioeconomic characteristics and social embeddedness Europeans are significantly more inclined to migrate than Asians. Whereas no gender differences in migration intentions among either group are detected, marriage, childbearing, and social capital exhibit distinct ethnic-specific effects. Although economic considerations are prevailing stimuli for migration in both groups, the results point to the formation of two dominant ethnic-specific migration preference types – for temporary migration among Asians and permanent migration among Europeans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides information on a study that tests the effect of debates about Asian migrant women engaged in the global phenomenon of housework migration. It delves on the perception that Asian migrant women are engaged in care work primarily because of their traditional gender role. It presents the need to identify cultural and normative discourses that hamper the social processes of turning migrant women's care work into a commodity. The impact on these women's perception of oneself as well as on their political and social position is examined. The cultural and normative discourses about women, politics of meaning on care caught in a dichotomy of love and labor is also given emphasis. Moreover, it features the author's negative stance toward the commodification of care.

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The “new immigration”, including substantial Asian immigration to North America, has revived questions about racial and ethnic minority group integration in predominantly European-origin societies. This study offers a new comparison of US and Canadian Asian integration using intermarriage as the indicator of integration. Results reveal more similarities than differences. Intermarriage variations by age, gender, education, immigrant generation, Asian ethnic group, and other sociodemographic characteristics are generally similar and consistent with previous research using US data. Multivariate results highlight similarities and the significance of immigrant generation, gender, and Asian ethnicity on Asian intermarriage in both countries. The main difference is lower overall Asian exogamy in Canada, reflecting country differences in the demographic history, composition, and distribution of the Asian populations. We conclude that exogamy is likely to continue to increase in both Canada and the US, and represents a key measure of the social integration of Asians in both countries. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

An interview with Tong Chu Han, a U.S. citizen originally from North Korea, is presented. When asked what were the circumstances under which he left the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) he explained how in 1950 he was afraid of being drafted into the North Korean Army by force. He also explains his experiences in the Republic of Korea (South Korea) during and after the Korean War and how he was able to immigrate to the U.S.

The article presents the chronology of anti-Asian policies and violence in North America. In 1882, the Chinese Exclusion Act prohibits all Chinese across the country to gain naturalized citizenship. In 1908, the Canadian government developed the Continuous Journey Law which forbids the South Asian immigration to the state. In 1945, about 2118 Japanese from various countries including Peru, Paraguay and Chile have been deported and interned. Moreover, the assets of Japanese Mexicans were blocked and some were detained in jails and have been relocated to other regions.

In this article I explore the ways in which concerns over nation, 'race', gender and sexuality shaped late nineteenth and early twentieth century debates on whether Canada should exclude or include female migrants from China, Japan and India in the emerging nation-state. In the late nineteenth century, Canadians began to debate whether to allow female migration from China, Japan and India. The vast majority of those who participated in the debate argued that female migrants from Asia should be excluded, as their exclusion would insure that male migrants from Asia would be rendered as temporary residents. On the other hand, there was a small but vocal minority who argued that female migrants from Asia should be allowed into Canada. As the presence of single male Asian residents raised the specter of inter-racial sexuality, these Canadians suggested that it would be prudent to include female migrants from Asia within the nation-state. These debates raise important questions for scholars who study the relationships between nation, 'race', gender and sexuality. First, they point once again to the importance of gender in constituting the racialized practices of the nation. Second, as most scholars have focused on the exclusionary aspects of nationalism, they complicate our understanding of race, gender and nation by illustrating that racialized politics of nation can lead to not only exclusionary but also inclusionary practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors used the 1992–1995 National Health Interview Survey to examine the effect of immigrant status (both nativity and duration of residence in the United States) on the health of Asian and Pacific Islander adults by constructing models in which national origin was also specified. In logistic regression models adjusted for age, marital status, living arrangement, family size, and several socioeconomic indicators, immigrants were found to be in better health than their US-born counterparts, but their health advantages consistently decreased with duration of residence. For example, for Asian and Pacific Islander immigrants whose duration of residence was less than 5 years, 5–9 years, and 10 years or more, the odds ratios for activity limitations were 0.45 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.33, 0.62), 0.65 (95% CI: 0.46, 0.93), and 0.73 (95% CI: 0.60, 0.90), respectively. Similar findings emerged for respondent-reported health and bed days due to illness. These results support the validity and complementarity of the migration selectivity and acculturation hypotheses. However, the picture was not uniformly positive. The health of certain Asian and Pacific Islander groups, notably Pacific Islanders and Vietnamese, was found to be less favorable than average. Finally, after adjustment for health status, immigrants seemed to have less adequate access to formal medical care. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article discusses the conference "Asians in Europe: Global Labour Migration and Transnational Communities" held in September 2009 at the University of Salzburg in Austria. Papers discussed include ones by Werner Schwarz on Asians in 19th-century German art, by Lars Amenda on Chinese migration to Europe in the early 20th century, and by John Seed on the Chinatown section of London, England in the early 20th century.

Since 2015, a large number of migrants (refugees and asylum seekers) from the Middle East, Asia, and Africa have arrived in Greece and continued their onward journey to western European countries where they settled. As various European Union (EU) countries have later blocked the flow of migrants from Greece to their final destination, thousands of them have been trapped in Greece, confined in overcrowded, temporary camps (known as "hot spots") and awaiting the processing of their asylum application. The current article examines the response of the Greek educational institutes (primary, secondary and tertiary levels) to the recent migrant influx, with ultimate goals to integrate, educate, and assist them. The number of refugees and asylum seekers living in Greece is estimated to be 58,000 (2018 data) with 22,500 children among them. Their schooling inclusion follows the plan 111, "Refugee Education Host Structures (REHSs)", as initiated by the Greek Ministry of Education in 2017. Students' leakage range is still high (10–40% at elementary school and 45–56% at high School). The disruption in their life results in the lack of regular attendance. Greek universities responded to the challenge of the refugee influx, especially the University of the Aegean (UAeg), which is located on the eastern Mediterranean migration route. The UAeg's response plan focuses on four areas: (a) to provide education to refugees; (b) to conduct research on the refugee phenomenon and migration processes; (c) to increase local citizens' awareness and improve social inclusion toward the migrants; and (d) to develop technologies to improve daily life in the refugee camps. These actions are significant toward the social inclusion and cohesion of refugees and the further improvement of their daily life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]