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AbstractThis study aimed to describe the chemical composition of the Essential Oil (EO) of the aerial parts of E. maritimum, and verify its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The EO chemical characterization was simultaneously obtained by GC/FID and GC/MS. Thirty-one compounds corresponding to 93.3% of the EO were identified in the EO of E. maritimum. Spathulenol (22.0%), aromadendrene (18.3%), humulene epoxide (6.6%), and β-humulene (4.8%) were the main compounds of the EO. The antimicrobial activities were determined against 3 gram-positive bacteria, 4 gram-negative bacteria, and 2 yeast species by using disc-diffusion and MIC techniques. EO showed a low effect (8-11 mm) against all tested bacteria and yeasts. Additionally, EO extract against Staphylococcus aureusATCC 6538 and Shigella flexneriATCC 12022 from tested microorganisms presented a MIC value at μl/ml concentration. The antioxidant activity of the EO was determined as IC50=16.8 ± 1.65 μl/mL. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the chemical composition and biological activities of E. maritimumEO in Turkey.

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to describe the chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) of stems, leaves and flowers of A. maritimacollected from Turkey, and verify its antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The EO was analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS. Fifty-nine compounds representing to 98.1% of the EO were identified. The antimicrobial activities were determined against seven bacteria and two yeast species by using disc diffusion and MIC techniques. According to the results, it was observed that there was no effect of the EO against Gram-positive bacteria. The EO showed a low effect (8–9 mm) against Gram-negative bacteria, but the EO had a high effect (20–22 mm) against the tested fungi. In addition, according to the MIC test results, the EO presented effects against C. krusei, C. parapsilosisat a concentration of 50 µl/ml. The antioxidant activity of the EO was determined as IC50 = 31.9 µl/mL.

The aim of the present study was to investigate antibiotic resistance, plasmid, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) profiles of the Bacillusspp. isolated from soil of Sinop environs, Turkey. A total of fifty-seven isolates were identified as Bacillusspp. based on morphological and physiological properties. All isolates were found resistant to bacitracin. Susceptibility patterns of the isolates to other tested antibiotics varied from 100 to 31.5 %. The plasmid analysis results indicated that isolates harbored 2 to 7 plasmids. The numerical analysis of whole cell and extracellular protein profiles of the isolates displayed similarity levels between 78–100 and 67–100 % respectively reflecting the less discriminative power of SDS-PAGE at subspecies level. However, RAPD analysis of genomic DNA using four different universal primers revealed 100 % polymorphism indicating the strength of RAPD in the differentiation of Bacillusisolates.

AbstractVolatile compositions of the hydrodistillated essential oils (EOs), SPME and SPME of hexane extracts from stems, leaves and roots of Sarcopoterium spinosum(L.) Spach.were investigated by means of GC and GC-MS. Vegetative organs were found to contain different volatile compounds. Oxygenated monoterpenes (20.7 %), aromatic compounds (33.0 %) and aldehydes (39.6 %) were identified as the main components in the EO of stems. Oxygenated sesquiterpenes (25.7 %), aliphatic hydrocarbons (21.2 %) and aldehydes (42.5 %) were found in high percentages in the EO of leaves, while aromatic compounds (48.4 %) and aldehydes (51.6 %) were found to be major constituent in the EO of roots.Aldehydes were the major groups in SPME of stems, leaves, and roots (81.3.2 %, 54.5 % and 41.7 %, respectively). The volatiles of the SPME analysis of hexane extracts were distinguished by predomination of aromatic compounds (68.0 % for stems and 73.1 % for leaves) and ketones (27.5 % for stems and 22.3 % for leaves). Hexane extract of leaves had antimicrobial property against Staphylococcus aureusand Bacillus cereus. But, hexane extract of stems only displayed activity against S. aureus. The methanol extracts of stems and leaves exhibited high activity against Methicillin Resistant S. aureus(MRSA), S. aureus,and Micrococcusluteus. All EOs inhibited the growth of Candida krusei, C. parapsilosis, MRSA, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, S. aureus, Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus(VRE) and B. cereus.Furthermore, antioxidant activity of hexane extracts of stem and leaves and EOs of leaves were higher than that of methanol extracts.

ABSTRACTIn this study, the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of root methanolic extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabravar. glandulifera(Waldst. & Kit.) Boiss. (Fabaceae) were investigated. Plant samples were collected from different habitats in the East Mediterranean part of Turkey. The plant extracts were evaluated for antimicrobial activities against nine bacterial and two yeast strains using disc-diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration methods. The antioxidant activity was determined by using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method. The antimicrobial assays indicated that the plant root extracts were more effective against Gram-positive bacteria than against Gram-negative ones. In addition, the extracts had higher antimicrobial effect against Candidaspecies than against bacteria. The extracts showed good antioxidant activity, with a median inhibitory concentration (IC50) in the range of 588 ± 0.86 µg/mL to 2190 ± 1.73 µg/mL. Results indicated that different environmental conditions in each habitat might affect the contents of chemical compounds and biological activity in the natural licorice populations of. This study also supported the traditional use of licorice and as well as suggested that it may also be its beneficial role in the treatment of other infections. The obtained results indicated that different environmental conditions in each habitat might affect the contents of chemical compounds and the biological activity in the natural licorice populations.