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Logan Simpson archaeologists recovered a total of 18,799 ceramic artifacts during testing and data recovery within the FLA Phase 2 and Phase 3 loci. The collection mainly consists of body sherds (92 percent) and rim sherds (8 percent) from pottery vessels, but small numbers of non-vessel ceramic artifacts (e.g., figurines, pipe stems, and raw clays), partially reconstructible vessels (PRV), and a complete vessel (CV) also were recovered. The PRVs generally consist of multiple refitted sherds that comprise at least one-third of a complete vessel; for the purpose of quantifying the ceramic data, the PRVs were counted as single items (rather than as individual sherds) to avoid inflating artifact counts. The overwhelming majority of ceramics (95 percent) were collected from Locus 2; ceramic artifacts from this locus outnumber those from Locus 3 by more than 20 to 1. The project area is situated outside but adjacent to the originally defined northwest site boundary of La Ciudad. However, it constitutes part of the larger La Ciudad settlement and appears to be situated along the margin between a Pre-Classic period residential area and the surrounding farm fields, based on the mix of features related to domestic and agricultural activities. The two-phase division of the project area was designed to assist with the construction management, but it is also fortuitous for archaeological investigations because it segregates what appear to be functionally and temporally distinct site components. Locus 2 on the east side of the project area consists of a dense cluster of features, including residential pit houses and associated activity areas (defined by various extramural thermal and nonthermal pits). In contrast, Locus 3 consists of two groups of small field houses associated with limited-use extramural activity areas. Both loci appear to have been occupied primarily during the late Pioneer and Colonial periods. This chapter provides an overview of the methods and inferred results from various analyses of ceramic materials from the project area.

Logan Simpson conducted archaeological excavations between February and June 2013 for the City of Phoenix’s Frank Luke Addition (FLA) Project. The excavations were completed within a 9.1-acre parcel situated within the prehistoric site of La Ciudad (AZ T:12:1[ASM]), a Hohokam village located north of the Salt River. The FLA Project is located within a highly urbanized portion of the City of Phoenix (COP) in the Phoenix Basin, south-central Arizona. Historical documents indicate that the FLA parcel was used for farming until about 1906, when it was subdivided for private housing. In 1950, the COP purchased the 12.2-acre parcel for redevelopment as public housing and named the development in honor of the World War I flying ace Frank Luke. The 1950s public housing complex consisted of 39 1-story apartment buildings separated by grass lawns, play areas, and a curving street. The apartments were built in 1952 and were demolished in 2012, following appropriate documentation, to make way for a larger complex of multiple-story apartments to be developed by the COP using a combination of Low Income Housing Tax Credits, General Obligation bonds, and a U. S. Department of Housing and Urban Development HOPE VI grant.

This report presents the results of archaeological monitoring during ground-disturbing activities at two separate playground locations. At the area of potential effects [APE] 1, the project involved removing sand and wood chip mulch from the surface and followed by rototilling and grading the exposed ground surface within one play pen. At the APE 2, the sand and wood chip mulch was removed, and the exposed ground surface was rototilled and graded within six separate play pens. In addition, one handexcavated trench (1.7 ft wide, 3 ft long, 1 ft deep) and eight auger holes (3 ft diameter and approximately 4 ft deep) were excavated at APE 2. Ground-disturbing activities at both locations included mechanical rototilling and grading of the exposed ground surfaces with shovels and rakes, and hand excavation of one trench and eight auger holes. Logan Simpson was requested to monitor ground-disturbing activities in the two APEs because of the cultural resources.

PaleoWest Archaeology was contracted to conduct data recovery in advance of the development of a new medical building on St. Luke’s campus. Limited archaeological data recovery was conducted in the project area because of the presence of prehistoric features and the possibility of human remains existing in the area. The parcel is within the boundaries of a large prehistoric site known as La Ciudad (AZ T:12:1[ASM]). The data recovery project included the excavation of 100 m of trench and overburden removal of approximately 219 square meters. The goal of this phase of work was to search for human burials and excavate a sample of the features that were identified during the testing phase. Excavation occurred at three features identified during testing as pithouses (Features 12, 13, and 18) and one feature (Feature 11) identified as an horno. Other features were identified in the trenches and profiled; additional features were identified in stripped area and recorded. After further investigation, two of the pithouses (Features 13 and 18) were determined to represent borrow pits and the third pithouse may have also been a borrow pit. Fragments of a human cranium were discovered in the fill of the horno, and small fragments of cremated human bone were recovered from two other features. The ceramic assemblage and a C14 date indicate use of the project area during the early Gila Butte phase of the Hohokam Colonial Period, between about A.D. 775 and 850. No further excavation work is recommended for the project area.

Archaeological trenching and the monitoring of demolition of existing structures in the Phase 2 area of the Frank Luke Addition project in the City of Phoenix has determined that the Hohokam site of La Ciudad, also known as AZ T:12:1 (ASM), extends into the proposed construction area for the Frank Luke Addition project. This report presents the findings of monitoring and trenching and a recommendation for a data recovery program to document register eligible resources that will be affected by the proposed construction of a housing project. The archaeological monitoring and trenching identified 29 prehistoric and 11 historic features in the Phase 2 area.

Archaeological data recovery was conducted in the north end of the Frank Luke Addition in the City of Phoenix within a portion of the Hohokam site of La Ciudad, also known as AZ T:12:1 (ASM). The City of Phoenix Housing Department plans to construct affordable housing on the site of the Frank Luke Addition housing project originally constructed in 1952 by the City. The project is divided into two construction phases, and this report pertains to the northern part of the Phase 2 area. The area of potential effects (APE) covers 9.1 acres and is owned by the City of Phoenix. The project is funded through a combination of Low Income Housing Tax Credits (LIHTCs), General Obligation (GO) bonds, and a Federal HOPE VI grant. The redevelopment project is required to comply with National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), Council of Environmental Quality (CEQ) and guidelines 36 CFR Part 800 implementing Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act, the Arizona State Historic Preservation Act (ARS 41-861 to 41-864), the Arizona Antiquities Act (ARS 41­ 841 to 41-844), the City of Phoenix Ordinance on Historic Preservation (Chapter 8, Section 802) and City of Phoenix Guidelines for Archaeology (Bostwick 2006). Monitoring and data recovery for this undertaking are being conducted under a programmatic agreement between the State Historic Preservation Office, the City of Phoenix, and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation for the City’s HUD-funded program (2007).

Archaeological data recovery was conducted in the north end of the Frank Luke Addition in the City of Phoenix within a portion of the Hohokam site of La Ciudad, also known as AZ T:12:1 (ASM). This is a report on data recovery conducted in the north end of the project area. The excavations documented a borrow pit reused as a reservoir (Feature 32), an irrigation lateral (Feature 27), a small field house (Feature 29), five extramural pits and thermal features, and two pits containing historic material. Ceramic styles and a single radiocarbon date show the features were in use from the Gila Butte through the Soho phases, with a possible hiatus corresponding to the Middle to Late Sacaton phase. These excavations have contributed information on feature function, period of occupation, ceramic exchange, and have helped define a portion of the site boundary. These data, feature descriptions, artifact and environmental analyses are presented in this document for incorporation with the data that will be generated in the future by the excavation of the remainder of the site.

The Frank Luke Addition was built in 1952 as one of three public housing complexes making up the City of Phoenix East Asset Management Program (East AMP). In an effort to revitalize the City’s public housing facilities and meet goals of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), the City of Phoenix Housing Department proposes to redevelop the Frank Luke Addition. A portion of the Frank Luke Addition falls within the 250 foot buffer zone around the Patrick Locus, which is a portion of the Hohokam site of AZ T:12:1 (ASM), also called La Ciudad. The boundary of the Patrick Locus is based on a 1929 map by Frank Midvale that showed surface features but did not include the distribution of surface artifacts. It is likely that a mapping of surface artifacts (no longer possible because of the heavy urban development in the area) would have resulted in a larger boundary. The site also includes late 19th and early 20th century Anglo American homesteads associated with the establishment of the rural agricultural landscape that preceded the growth of the City of Phoenix. Archaeological monitoring was therefore conducted during the demolition of structures for Phase 1 of the project. This report includes the findings of the monitoring and of data recovery conducted for an historic basement dating to the early part of the 20th century. Hohokam artifacts were observed in low to moderate numbers but no Hohokam features or midden deposits were observed in the profiles of the demolition trenches, in the excavations conducted of the historic basement, and in the profile of a single 40 m long test trench. Logan Simpson Design assisted Rio Salado Archaeology by providing the services of Mark Hackbarth to document the historic basement, and the sections under his authorship are attributed to him in the headings.

This document presents a report describing archaeological data recovery within a 1.1 acre parcel located near the eastern edge of AZ T:12:1(ASM), a large Hohokam village known as La Ciudad. Data recovery was undertaken to collect information and analyze materials from a sample of features at the site in order to mitigate the impacts of the planned construction of a women’s center for victims of domestic abuse. A single prehistoric pit house was investigated during the project. No additional prehistoric features were encountered.

Northland Research, Inc. (Northland) has completed archaeological extent testing for the Sojourner Center within approximately 1.1 acres of 3.6 acres planned for development of a women's center for victims of domestic abuse. This property falls within the boundary of La Ciudad, AZ T:12:1(ASM), a large Hohokam village determined eligible for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) by the State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) in 2003. The City of Phoenix (COP) Archaeologist recommended that subsurface testing be conducted within the property to determine the location and extent of buried archaeological resources associated with La Ciudad that might be present. Northland conducted mechanical trenching at the Sojourner Center property, which resulted in the identification of a prehistoric pit house and a historic/modern nonthermal pit feature. The following report describes the methods and results of testing, and presents recommendations for additional research.

This report presents the results of an archaeological testing and data recovery program conducted in approximately one-half acre of land in central Phoenix, Maricopa County, Arizona. The work was conducted at the request of the City of Phoenix, Neighborhood Services Department under an on-call archaeological services contract between the City and SWCA, Inc. (Contract no. 101005). The archaeological investigations were conducted in advance of the Sojourner Center development project due to a mapped prehistoric canal passing through the project area. This phase of the development is a HUD funded project so compliance with section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act is required. The project was assigned the number PGM 2004-15 by the City of Phoenix Archaeology Section. Files were checked at the Pueblo Grande Museum (PGM) to determine the location of any previous archaeological sites or archaeological work in and around the project area. City of Phoenix employee April Cummings, of the Pueblo Grande Museum, conducted the literature review and provided all supporting and necessary documentation to SWCA. One prehistoric canal was mapped in the project area in the early 20th century as passing through the project area. The testing phase of the project positioned two trenches in order to locate the canal. No canal features were located but an isolated prehistoric pit house with a hearth and plastered floor was documented. Five additional features were documented during the data recovery phase including a field house, two roasting pits, a recent ash lense, and a recent ditch. The three prehistoric features, plus the pit house found during testing, were excavated prior to the proposed redevelopment of this parcel. The prehistoric features appeared to be related to both limited activities associated with agriculture, to long-term residence associated with the nearby village site of La Ciudad, and were part of the general land-use system used by the Hohokam in the Salt River Valley. This site was assigned Arizona State Museum site number AZ T:12:215(ASM).

The Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) intends to conduct a sign rehabilitation and replacement project on Interstate 10 (1-10) from milepost (MP) 145.5-156.3 in the cities of Phoenix and Tempe, Maricopa County, Arizona (Figure 1). In addition to the 1-10 mainline, the project also will include sign installation and replacement on the following crossroads: 3rd Street, 7th Street, 16th Street, Washington Street, Jefferson Street, Sky Harbor Circle, Buckeye Road, 24th Street, University Drive, 40th Street, 48"' Street, and Broadway Road. The project area spans portions of Sections 3, 4, 10, 14, 15, 23 and 24 in Township (T) 1 North (N) Range (R) 3 East (E), as well as Sections 19, 20, 29 and 32 in T1N R4E, Gila and Salt River Base Line and Meridian, as depicted on the 1982 Phoenix, Arizona and 1982 Tempe, Arizona United States Geologic Survey (USGS) 7.5-minute topographic quadrangles (Figures 2 and 3). The 1-10 mainline is located entirely within the existing ADOT-owned right-of-way (ROW) adjacent to privately owned and municipal lands. Within the current project limits, the 1-10 ROW averages 400 ft wide (100 ft on each side of the eastbound and westbound roadway centerlines). The above mentioned crossroads are on lands owned by the cities of Phoenix and Tempe. Previous archaeological investigations have documented the rich cultural resources that are preserved beneath the modern-day development of downtown Phoenix and Tempe. These cultural resources include, but are not limited to, remnants of prehistoric Hohokam irrigation canals, habitations and burials, as well as historic deposits related to the early Euroamerican settlement of Phoenix and Tempe in the 19th and early 20th centuries (Bostwick 2001:5, 12; Turney 1929:1-3; Howard and Huckleberry 1991a and b). For this reason, ADOT requested that EcoPlan Associates, Inc. (EcoPlan) prepare and implement an archaeological monitoring program for the planned undertaking. This monitoring program is intended as a historic preservation mitigation measure. It is designed to alleviate the potential impacts of the proposed sign rehabilitation and replacement project on cultural resources present in the project limits by recording information that would otherwise be destroyed without documentation. The monitoring program includes the preparation of this monitoring and discovery plan for ADOT review and approval, implementation of the approved plan with on-site monitoring during the planned undertaking, and a subsequent report that documents the results of monitoring. This archaeological monitoring plan was prepared in compliance with, and to fulfill, the requirements of the Arizona Antiquities Act, and the Arizona State Historic Preservation Act. It details the conditions and procedures for the treatment and documentation of cultural resources that may be affected by the I-10 mainline and crossroad sign rehabilitation project. In consultation with ADOT, it was determined that, due to the limited nature of the project-related ground disturbing activities (described below), an archaeological monitoring program, as opposed to archaeological testing and/or data recovery, is a sufficient historic preservation mitigation measure for this project. Appendix A shows the locations of the individual construction plan sheets which detail the activities that will take place within the project area. Archaeological monitoring will be conducted only in areas where ground disturbing activities will occur within the vicinity of known archaeological sites, including canals, but not near historic roads or within sites that have been determined ineligible. Details pertaining to the locations of individual properties and where they intersect with the planned ground disturbing activities associated with the current project also are provided in Appendix A.

Under contract to Comsense, Inc., Northland Research, Inc. (Northland) has completed archaeological testing and data recovery excavations for the Casa Nueva Development, a public housing project located in downtown Phoenix. The purpose of Northland’s investigations was to thoroughly document archaeological remains in the Casa Nueva project area. This report summarizes the results of those efforts. Although small in scale, the Casa Nueva project has contributed significant new information to our understanding of the prehistoric and historic occupations of the lower Salt River Valley. Prehistoric remains in the project area were associated with a limited activity area on the outskirts of La Ciudad, AZ T:12:1 (ASM), a large Hohokam farming village occupied from roughly A.D. 500 to 1450. The historical remains include a possible late-nineteenth century canal and several canal-related features. Northland’s data recovery excavations focused on two areas that previous testing had indicated contained buried cultural remains (Hart and Hackbarth 2000a). Fieldwork for the project was conducted between 21 February and 12 March 2001. Two hundred meters of backhoe trenches were excavated and roughly 400-square meters were mechanically stripped, resulting in the discovery of 24 archaeological features, including 5 structures, 2 possible structures, and 17 extramural pits. Four structures and ten pits were subsequently excavated. In total, 344 hours were expended in the field during data recovery and an additional 40 hours were expended on archival research. The remainder of the report is divided into seven sections. Background information on the physical and cultural setting of the project area is presented first. A summary of previous archaeological research at La Ciudad is included as part of this background discussion. This information was combined with the results of earlier testing to formulate a set of research themes that were investigated on the project (Hart and Hackbarth 2000b). These research themes are reviewed in the second section of the report, followed by a discussion of the results of archival studies undertaken in connection with a possible historical canal. The next three sections document the results of the Casa Nueva excavations. The methods used to excavate and record features are discussed first, followed by descriptive summaries of the features investigated and the artifacts recovered. In the final section, the results of the project are summarized and the research contributions reviewed.

Northland Research, Inc. (Northland) is pleased to submit this proposal for archaeological testing to ComSense, Inc. for the Casa Nueva project. The project area is approximately 4.7 acres. This proposal was solicited by Mark Appleby of ComSense, Inc. as a prelude to obtaining federally guaranteed construction loans for proposed low-income housing to be built in the Casa Nueva project area. Investigation of archaeological resources is a pre condition of obtaining Federal Housing Authority loans (per 36CFR800 Section 106). In addition, test excavations will help determine whether human remains are present. If human remains are present, state statutes (ARS 41­ 844 and 41-865) require that consultation with affiliated Native American groups be conducted to determine the eventual disposition of the remains. Archaeological resources anticipated in the project area include prehistoric habitation and irrigation canals related to the site of La Ciudad and the earliest nineteenth century Hispanic and Anglo occupation along the Salt River. This proposal calls for a stratified random and stratified systematic 2.5 percent sample of the project area and describes how implementation of the fieldwork would search for archaeological resources. Northland’s proposal has three parts. The first section outlines the history of the Casa Nueva area and the evidence that archaeological resources may be present in the project area. The second portion is an outline of the manner in which Northland proposes to investigate the Casa Nueva project area. The final section provides a schedule of the proposed work.