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1. Probabilistic Answer Set Programming with Discrete and Continuous Random Variables

Author

Azzolini, Damiano and Riguzzi, Fabrizio

Subjects
Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

Probabilistic Answer Set Programming under the credal semantics (PASP) extends Answer Set Programming with probabilistic facts that represent uncertain information. The probabilistic facts are discrete with Bernoulli distributions. However, several real-world scenarios require a combination of both discrete and continuous random variables. In this paper, we extend the PASP framework to support continuous random variables and propose Hybrid Probabilistic Answer Set Programming (HPASP). Moreover, we discuss, implement, and assess the performance of two exact algorithms based on projected answer set enumeration and knowledge compilation and two approximate algorithms based on sampling. Empirical results, also in line with known theoretical results, show that exact inference is feasible only for small instances, but knowledge compilation has a huge positive impact on the performance. Sampling allows handling larger instances, but sometimes requires an increasing amount of memory. Under consideration in Theory and Practice of Logic Programming (TPLP)., Comment: Under consideration in Theory and Practice of Logic Programming (TPLP)

Published
2024

2. Data-driven background model for the CUORE experiment

Author

Adams, DQ, Alduino, C, Alfonso, K, Avignone, FT, Azzolini, O, Bari, G, Bellini, F, Benato, G, Beretta, M, Biassoni, M, Branca, A, Brofferio, C, Bucci, C, Camilleri, J, Caminata, A, Campani, A, Cao, J, Capelli, S, Capelli, C, Cappelli, L, Cardani, L, Carniti, P, Casali, N, Celi, E, Chiesa, D, Clemenza, M, Cremonesi, O, Creswick, RJ, D’Addabbo, A, Dafinei, I, Del Corso, F, Dell’Oro, S, Di Domizio, S, Di Lorenzo, S, Dixon, T, Dompè, V, Fang, DQ, Fantini, G, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Ferroni, F, Fiorini, E, Franceschi, MA, Freedman, SJ, Fu, SH, Fujikawa, BK, Ghislandi, S, Giachero, A, Girola, M, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Guillaumon, PV, Gutierrez, TD, Han, K, Hansen, EV, Heeger, KM, Helis, DL, Huang, HZ, Keppel, G, Kolomensky, Yu G, Kowalski, R, Liu, R, Ma, L, G., Y, Marini, L, Maruyama, RH, Mayer, D, Mei, Y, Moore, MN, Napolitano, T, Nastasi, M, Nones, C, Norman, EB, Nucciotti, A, Nutini, I, O’Donnell, T, Olmi, M, Oregui, BT, Ouellet, JL, Pagan, S, Pagliarone, CE, Pagnanini, L, Pallavicini, M, Pattavina, L, Pavan, M, Pessina, G, Pettinacci, V, Pira, C, Pirro, S, Ponce, I, Pottebaum, EG, Pozzi, S, Previtali, E, Puiu, A, Quitadamo, S, Ressa, A, Rosenfeld, C, and Schmidt, B

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Physical Sciences, Cancer
Abstract

We present the model we developed to reconstruct the CUORE radioactive background based on the analysis of an experimental exposure of 1038.4 kg yr. The data reconstruction relies on a simultaneous Bayesian fit applied to energy spectra over a broad energy range. The high granularity of the CUORE detector, together with the large exposure and extended stable operations, allow for an in-depth exploration of both spatial and time dependence of backgrounds. We achieve high sensitivity to both bulk and surface activities of the materials of the setup, detecting levels as low as 10 nBq kg-1 and 0.1 nBq cm-2, respectively. We compare the contamination levels we extract from the background model with prior radio-assay data, which informs future background risk mitigation strategies. The results of this background model play a crucial role in constructing the background budget for the CUPID experiment as it will exploit the same CUORE infrastructure.

Published
2024

3. Benchmarking the design of the cryogenics system for the underground argon in DarkSide-20k

Author

Collaboration, DarkSide-20k, Acerbi, F., Adhikari, P., Agnes, P., Ahmad, I., Albergo, S., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alton, A. K., Amaudruz, P., Angiolilli, M., Aprile, E., Ardito, R., Corona, M. Atzori, Auty, D. J., Ave, M., Avetisov, I. C., Azzolini, O., Back, H. O., Balmforth, Z., Olmedo, A. Barrado, Barrillon, P., Batignani, G., Bhowmick, P., Blua, S., Bocci, V., Bonivento, W., Bottino, B., Boulay, M. G., Buchowicz, A., Bussino, S., Busto, J., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Calabrese, R., Camillo, V., Caminata, A., Canci, N., Capra, A., Caravati, M., Cárdenas-Montes, M., Cargioli, N., Carlini, M., Castellani, A., Castello, P., Cavalcante, P., Cebrian, S., Ruiz, J. Cela, Chashin, S., Chepurnov, A., Cifarelli, L., Cintas, D., Citterio, M., Cleveland, B., Coadou, Y., Cocco, V., Colaiuda, D., Vilda, E. Conde, Consiglio, L., Costa, B. S., Czubak, M., D'Aniello, M., D'Auria, S., Rolo, M. D. Da Rocha, Darbo, G., Davini, S., De Cecco, S., De Guido, G., Dellacasa, G., Derbin, A. V., Devoto, A., Di Capua, F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Di Stefano, P., Dias, L. K., Mairena, D. Díaz, Ding, X., Dionisi, C., Dolganov, G., Dordei, F., Dronik, V., Elersich, A., Ellingwood, E., Erjavec, T., Diaz, M. Fernandez, Ficorella, A., Fiorillo, G., Franchini, P., Franco, D., Gatti, H. Frandini, Frolov, E., Gabriele, F., Gahan, D., Galbiati, C., Galiński, G., Gallina, G., Gallus, G., Garbini, M., Abia, P. Garcia, Gawdzik, A., Gendotti, A., Ghisi, A., Giovanetti, G. K., Casanueva, V. Goicoechea, Gola, A., Grandi, L., Grauso, G., di Cortona, G. Grilli, Grobov, A., Gromov, M., Guerzoni, M., Gulino, M., Guo, C., Hackett, B. R., Hallin, A., Hamer, A., Haranczyk, M., Harrop, B., Hessel, T., Hill, S., Horikawa, S., Hu, J., Hubaut, F., Hucker, J., Hugues, T., Hungerford, E. V., Ianni, A., Ippolito, V., Jamil, A., Jillings, C., Jois, S., Kachru, P., Keloth, R., Kemmerich, N., Kemp, A., Kendziora, C. L., Kimura, M., Kish, A., Kondo, K., Korga, G., Kotsiopoulou, L., Koulosousas, S., Kubankin, A., Kunzé, P., Kuss, M., Kuźniak, M., Kuzwa, M., La Commara, M., Lai, M., Guirriec, E. Le, Leason, E., Leoni, A., Lidey, L., Lissia, M., Luzzi, L., Lychagina, O., Macfadyen, O., Machulin, I. N., Manecki, S., Manthos, I., Mapelli, L., Marasciulli, A., Mari, S. M., Mariani, C., Maricic, J., Martinez, M., Martoff, C. J., Matteucci, G., Mavrokoridis, K., McDonald, A. B., Mclaughlin, J., Merzi, S., Messina, A., Milincic, R., Minutoli, S., Mitra, A., Moharana, A., Moioli, S., Monroe, J., Moretti, E., Morrocchi, M., Mroz, T., Muratova, V. N., Murphy, M., Murra, M., Muscas, C., Musico, P., Nania, R., Nessi, M., Nieradka, G., Nikolopoulos, K., Nikoloudaki, E., Nowak, J., Olchanski, K., Oleinik, A., Oleynikov, V., Organtini, P., de Solórzano, A. Ortiz, Pallavicini, M., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Papi, D., Pastuszak, G., Paternoster, G., Peck, A., Pegoraro, P. A., Pelczar, K., Pellegrini, L. A., Perez, R., Perotti, F., Pesudo, V., Piacentini, S. I., Pino, N., Plante, G., Pocar, A., Poehlmann, M., Pordes, S., Pralavorio, P., Price, D., Puglia, S., Bazetto, M. Queiroga, Ragusa, F., Ramachers, Y., Ramirez, A., Ravinthiran, S., Razeti, M., Renshaw, A. L., Rescigno, M., Retiere, F., Rignanese, L. P., Rivetti, A., Roberts, A., Roberts, C., Rogers, G., Romero, L., Rossi, M., Rubbia, A., Rudik, D., Sabia, M., Salomone, P., Samoylov, O., Sandford, E., Sanfilippo, S., Santone, D., Santorelli, R., Santos, E. M., Savarese, C., Scapparone, E., Schillaci, G., Schuckman II, F. G., Scioli, G., Semenov, D. A., Shalamova, V., Sheshukov, A., Simeone, M., Skensved, P., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Smirnov, O., Smirnova, T., Smith, B., Sotnikov, A., Spadoni, F., Spangenberg, M., Stefanizzi, R., Steri, A., Stornelli, V., Stracka, S., Sulis, S., Sung, A., Sunny, C., Suvorov, Y., Szelc, A. M., Taborda, O., Tartaglia, R., Taylor, A., Taylor, J., Tedesco, S., Testera, G., Thieme, K., Thompson, A., Thorpe, T. N., Tonazzo, A., Torres-Lara, S., Tricomi, A., Unzhakov, E. V., Vallivilayil, T. J., Van Uffelen, M., Velazquez-Fernandez, L., Viant, T., Viel, S., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., Vossebeld, J., Vyas, B., Wada, M., Walczak, M. B., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Westerdale, S., Williams, L., Wojaczyński, R., Wojcik, M., Wojcik, M. M., Wright, T., Xiao, X., Xie, Y., Yang, C., Yin, J., Zabihi, A., Zakhary, P., Zani, A., Zhang, Y., Zhu, T., Zichichi, A., Zuzel, G., and Zykova, M. P.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

DarkSide-20k (DS-20k) is a dark matter detection experiment under construction at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) in Italy. It utilises ~100 t of low radioactivity argon from an underground source (UAr) in its inner detector, with half serving as target in a dual-phase time projection chamber (TPC). The UAr cryogenics system must maintain stable thermodynamic conditions throughout the experiment's lifetime of >10 years. Continuous removal of impurities and radon from the UAr is essential for maximising signal yield and mitigating background. We are developing an efficient and powerful cryogenics system with a gas purification loop with a target circulation rate of 1000 slpm. Central to its design is a condenser operated with liquid nitrogen which is paired with a gas heat exchanger cascade, delivering a combined cooling power of >8 kW. Here we present the design choices in view of the DS-20k requirements, in particular the condenser's working principle and the cooling control, and we show test results obtained with a dedicated benchmarking platform at CERN and LNGS. We find that the thermal efficiency of the recirculation loop, defined in terms of nitrogen consumption per argon flow rate, is 95 % and the pressure in the test cryostat can be maintained within $\pm$(0.1-0.2) mbar. We further detail a 5-day cool-down procedure of the test cryostat, maintaining a cooling rate typically within -2 K/h, as required for the DS-20k inner detector. Additionally, we assess the circuit's flow resistance, and the heat transfer capabilities of two heat exchanger geometries for argon phase change, used to provide gas for recirculation. We conclude by discussing how our findings influence the finalisation of the system design, including necessary modifications to meet requirements and ongoing testing activities., Comment: 45 pages, 24 figures

Published
2024

4. Solving Decision Theory Problems with Probabilistic Answer Set Programming

Author

Azzolini, Damiano, Bellodi, Elena, Kiesel, Rafael, and Riguzzi, Fabrizio

Subjects
Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Logic in Computer Science
Abstract

Solving a decision theory problem usually involves finding the actions, among a set of possible ones, which optimize the expected reward, possibly accounting for the uncertainty of the environment. In this paper, we introduce the possibility to encode decision theory problems with Probabilistic Answer Set Programming under the credal semantics via decision atoms and utility attributes. To solve the task we propose an algorithm based on three layers of Algebraic Model Counting, that we test on several synthetic datasets against an algorithm that adopts answer set enumeration. Empirical results show that our algorithm can manage non trivial instances of programs in a reasonable amount of time. Under consideration in Theory and Practice of Logic Programming (TPLP)., Comment: Under consideration in Theory and Practice of Logic Programming (TPLP)

Published
2024

5. Symbolic Parameter Learning in Probabilistic Answer Set Programming

Author

Azzolini, Damiano, Gentili, Elisabetta, and Riguzzi, Fabrizio

Subjects
Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Logic in Computer Science
Abstract

Parameter learning is a crucial task in the field of Statistical Relational Artificial Intelligence: given a probabilistic logic program and a set of observations in the form of interpretations, the goal is to learn the probabilities of the facts in the program such that the probabilities of the interpretations are maximized. In this paper, we propose two algorithms to solve such a task within the formalism of Probabilistic Answer Set Programming, both based on the extraction of symbolic equations representing the probabilities of the interpretations. The first solves the task using an off-the-shelf constrained optimization solver while the second is based on an implementation of the Expectation Maximization algorithm. Empirical results show that our proposals often outperform existing approaches based on projected answer set enumeration in terms of quality of the solution and in terms of execution time. The paper has been accepted at the ICLP2024 conference and is under consideration in Theory and Practice of Logic Programming (TPLP)., Comment: The paper has been accepted at the ICLP2024 conference and is under consideration in Theory and Practice of Logic Programming (TPLP)

Published
2024

6. Fast Inference for Probabilistic Answer Set Programs via the Residual Program

Author

Azzolini, Damiano and Riguzzi, Fabrizio

Subjects
Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Logic in Computer Science
Abstract

When we want to compute the probability of a query from a Probabilistic Answer Set Program, some parts of a program may not influence the probability of a query, but they impact on the size of the grounding. Identifying and removing them is crucial to speed up the computation. Algorithms for SLG resolution offer the possibility of returning the residual program which can be used for computing answer sets for normal programs that do have a total well-founded model. The residual program does not contain the parts of the program that do not influence the probability. In this paper, we propose to exploit the residual program for performing inference. Empirical results on graph datasets show that the approach leads to significantly faster inference., Comment: The paper has been accepted at the ICLP2024 conference and under consideration in Theory and Practice of Logic Programming (TPLP)

Published
2024

7. Continuous reasoning for adaptive container image distribution in the cloud-edge continuum

Author

Azzolini, Damiano, Forti, Stefano, and Ielo, Antonio

Subjects
Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Logic in Computer Science, Computer Science - Software Engineering
Abstract

Cloud-edge computing requires applications to operate across diverse infrastructures, often triggered by cyber-physical events. Containers offer a lightweight deployment option but pulling images from central repositories can cause delays. This article presents a novel declarative approach and open-source prototype for replicating container images across the cloud-edge continuum. Considering resource availability, network QoS, and storage costs, we leverage logic programming to (i) determine optimal initial placements via Answer Set Programming (ASP) and (ii) adapt placements using Prolog-based continuous reasoning. We evaluate our solution through simulations, showcasing how combining ASP and Prolog continuous reasoning can balance cost optimisation and prompt decision-making in placement adaptation at increasing infrastructure sizes.

Published
2024

8. DarkSide-20k sensitivity to light dark matter particles

Author

Collaboration, DarkSide-20k, Acerbi, F., Adhikari, P., Agnes, P., Ahmad, I., Albergo, S., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alton, A. K., Amaudruz, P., Angiolilli, M., Aprile, E., Ardito, R., Corona, M. Atzori, Auty, D. J., Ave, M., Avetisov, I. C., Azzolini, O., Back, H. O., Balmforth, Z., Olmedo, A. Barrado, Barrillon, P., Batignani, G., Bhowmick, P., Blua, S., Bocci, V., Bonivento, W., Bottino, B., Boulay, M. G., Buchowicz, A., Bussino, S., Busto, J., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Calabrese, R., Camillo, V., Caminata, A., Canci, N., Capra, A., Caravati, M., Cárdenas-Montes, M., Cargioli, N., Carlini, M., Castellani, A., Castello, P., Cavalcante, P., Cebrian, S., Ruiz, J. M. Cela, Chashin, S., Chepurnov, A., Cifarelli, L., Cintas, D., Citterio, M., Cleveland, B., Coadou, Y., Cocco, V., Colaiuda, D., Vilda, E. Conde, Consiglio, L., Costa, B. S., Czubak, M., D'Aniello, M., D'Auria, S., Rolo, M. D. Da Rocha, Darbo, G., Davini, S., De Cecco, S., De Guido, G., Dellacasa, G., Derbin, A. V., Devoto, A., Di Capua, F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Di Stefano, P., Dias, L. K., Mairena, D. Díaz, Ding, X., Dionisi, C., Dolganov, G., Dordei, F., Dronik, V., Elersich, A., Ellingwood, E., Erjavec, T., Diaz, M. Fernandez, Ficorella, A., Fiorillo, G., Franchini, P., Franco, D., Gatti, H. Frandini, Frolov, E., Gabriele, F., Gahan, D., Galbiati, C., Galiński, G., Gallina, G., Gallus, G., Garbini, M., Abia, P. Garcia, Gawdzik, A., Gendotti, A., Ghisi, A., Giovanetti, G. K., Casanueva, V. Goicoechea, Gola, A., Grandi, L., Grauso, G., di Cortona, G. Grilli, Grobov, A., Gromov, M., Guerzoni, M., Gulino, M., Guo, C., Hackett, B. R., Hallin, A., Hamer, A., Haranczyk, M., Harrop, B., Hessel, T., Hill, S., Horikawa, S., Hu, J., Hubaut, F., Hucker, J., Hugues, T., Hungerford, E. V., Ianni, A., Ippolito, V., Jamil, A., Jillings, C., Jois, S., Kachru, P., Keloth, R., Kemmerich, N., Kemp, A., Kendziora, C. L., Kimura, M., Kondo, K., Korga, G., Kotsiopoulou, L., Koulosousas, S., Kubankin, A., Kunzé, P., Kuss, M., Kuźniak, M., Kuzwa, M., La Commara, M., Lai, M., Guirriec, E. Le, Leason, E., Leoni, A., Lidey, L., Lissia, M., Luzzi, L., Lychagina, O., Macfadyen, O., Machulin, I. N., Manecki, S., Manthos, I., Mapelli, L., Marasciulli, A., Mari, S. M., Mariani, C., Maricic, J., Martinez, M., Martoff, C. J., Matteucci, G., Mavrokoridis, K., McDonald, A. B., Mclaughlin, J., Merzi, S., Messina, A., Milincic, R., Minutoli, S., Mitra, A., Moioli, S., Monroe, J., Moretti, E., Morrocchi, M., Mroz, T., Muratova, V. N., Murphy, M., Murra, M., Muscas, C., Musico, P., Nania, R., Nessi, M., Nieradka, G., Nikolopoulos, K., Nikoloudaki, E., Nowak, J., Olchanski, K., Oleinik, A., Oleynikov, V., Organtini, P., de Solórzano, A. Ortiz, Pallavicini, M., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Papi, D., Pastuszak, G., Paternoster, G., Peck, A., Pegoraro, P. A., Pelczar, K., Pellegrini, L. A., Perez, R., Perotti, F., Pesudo, V., Piacentini, S. I., Pino, N., Plante, G., Pocar, A., Poehlmann, M., Pordes, S., Pralavorio, P., Price, D., Puglia, S., Bazetto, M. Queiroga, Ragusa, F., Ramachers, Y., Ramirez, A., Ravinthiran, S., Razeti, M., Renshaw, A. L., Rescigno, M., Retiere, F., Rignanese, L. P., Rivetti, A., Roberts, A., Roberts, C., Rogers, G., Romero, L., Rossi, M., Rubbia, A., Rudik, D., Sabia, M., Salomone, P., Samoylov, O., Sandford, E., Sanfilippo, S., Santone, D., Santorelli, R., Santos, E. M., Savarese, C., Scapparone, E., Schillaci, G., Schuckman II, F. G., Scioli, G., Semenov, D. A., Shalamova, V., Sheshukov, A., Simeone, M., Skensved, P., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Smirnov, O., Smirnova, T., Smith, B., Sotnikov, A., Spadoni, F., Spangenberg, M., Stefanizzi, R., Steri, A., Stornelli, V., Stracka, S., Sulis, S., Sung, A., Sunny, C., Suvorov, Y., Szelc, A. M., Taborda, O., Tartaglia, R., Taylor, A., Taylor, J., Tedesco, S., Testera, G., Thieme, K., Thompson, A., Tonazzo, A., Torres-Lara, S., Tricomi, A., Unzhakov, E. V., Vallivilayil, T. J., Van Uffelen, M., Velazquez-Fernandez, L., Viant, T., Viel, S., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., Vossebeld, J., Vyas, B., Walczak, M. B., Wang, Y., Wang, H., Westerdale, S., Williams, L., Wojaczyński, R., Wojcik, M., Wojcik, M. M., Wright, T., Xie, Y., Yang, C., Yin, J., Zabihi, A., Zakhary, P., Zani, A., Zhang, Y., Zhu, T., Zichichi, A., Zuzel, G., and Zykova, M. P.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The dual-phase liquid argon time projection chamber is presently one of the leading technologies to search for dark matter particles with masses below 10 GeV/c$^2$. This was demonstrated by the DarkSide-50 experiment with approximately 50 kg of low-radioactivity liquid argon as target material. The next generation experiment DarkSide-20k, currently under construction, will use 1,000 times more argon and is expected to start operation in 2027. Based on the DarkSide-50 experience, here we assess the DarkSide-20k sensitivity to models predicting light dark matter particles, including Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) and sub-GeV/c$^2$ particles interacting with electrons in argon atoms. With one year of data, a sensitivity improvement to dark matter interaction cross-sections by at least one order of magnitude with respect to DarkSide-50 is expected for all these models. A sensitivity to WIMP--nucleon interaction cross-sections below $1\times10^{-42}$ cm$^2$ is achievable for WIMP masses above 800 MeV/c$^2$. With 10 years exposure, the neutrino fog can be reached for WIMP masses around 5 GeV/c$^2$., Comment: submitted to Nature Communications

Published
2024

9. Search for fractionally charged particles with CUORE

Author

CUORE Collaboration, Adams, D. Q., Alduino, C., Alfonso, K., Avignone III, F. T., Azzolini, O., Bari, G., Bellini, F., Benato, G., Beretta, M., Biassoni, M., Branca, A., Brofferio, C., Bucci, C., Camilleri, J., Caminata, A., Campani, A., Cao, J., Capelli, S., Capelli, C., Cappelli, L., Cardani, L., Carniti, P., Casali, N., Celi, E., Chiesa, D., Clemenza, M., Copello, S., Cremonesi, O., Creswick, R. J., D'Addabbo, A., Dafinei, I., Del Corso, F., Dell'Oro, S., Di Domizio, S., Di Lorenzo, S., Dixon, T., Dompè, V., Fang, D. Q., Fantini, G., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Ferroni, F., Fiorini, E., Franceschi, M. A., Freedman, S. J., Fu, S. H., Fujikawa, B. K., Ghislandi, S., Giachero, A., Girola, M., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Gorla, P., Gotti, C., Guillaumon, P. V., Gutierrez, T. D., Han, K., Hansen, E. V., Heeger, K. M., Helis, D. L., Huang, H. Z., Keppel, G., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Kowalski, R., Liu, R., Ma, L., Ma, Y. G., Marini, L., Maruyama, R. H., Mayer, D., Mei, Y., Moore, M. N., Napolitano, T., Nastasi, M., Nones, C., Norman, E. B., Nucciotti, A., Nutini, I., O'Donnell, T., Olmi, M., Oregui, B. T., Ouellet, J. L., Pagan, S., Pagliarone, C. E., Pagnanini, L., Pallavicini, M., Pattavina, L., Pavan, M., Pessina, G., Pettinacci, V., Pira, C., Pirro, S., Pottebaum, E. G., Pozzi, S., Previtali, E., Puiu, A., Quitadamo, S., Ressa, A., Rosenfeld, C., Schmidt, B., Sharma, V., Singh, V., Sisti, M., Speller, D., Stark, P., Surukuchi, P. T., Taffarello, L., Tomei, C., Torres, A., Torres, J. A., Vetter, K. J., Vignati, M., Wagaarachchi, S. L., Welliver, B., Wilson, J., Wilson, K., Winslow, L. A., Zimmermann, S., and Zucchelli, S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) is a detector array comprised by 988 5$\;$cm$\times$5$\;$cm$\times$5$\;$cm TeO$_2$ crystals held below 20 mK, primarily searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay in $^{130}$Te. Unprecedented in size amongst cryogenic calorimetric experiments, CUORE provides a promising setting for the study of exotic through-going particles. Using the first tonne-year of CUORE's exposure, we perform a search for hypothesized fractionally charged particles (FCPs), which are well-motivated by various Standard Model extensions and would have suppressed interactions with matter. No excess of FCP candidate tracks is observed over background, setting leading limits on the underground FCP flux with charges between $e/24-e/5$ at 90\% confidence level. Using the low background environment and segmented geometry of CUORE, we establish the sensitivity of tonne-scale sub-Kelvin detectors to diverse signatures of new physics., Comment: 7 pages, 5 figures

Published
2024

10. Data-driven background model for the CUORE experiment

Author

CUORE Collaboration, Adams, D. Q., Alduino, C., Alfonso, K., Avignone III, F. T., Azzolini, O., Bari, G., Bellini, F., Benato, G., Beretta, M., Biassoni, M., Branca, A., Brofferio, C., Bucci, C., Camilleri, J., Caminata, A., Campani, A., Cao, J., Capelli, S., Capelli, C., Cappelli, L., Cardani, L., Carniti, P., Casali, N., Celi, E., Chiesa, D., Clemenza, M., Cremonesi, O., Creswick, R. J., D'Addabbo, A., Dafinei, I., Del Corso, F., Dell'Oro, S., Di Domizio, S., Di Lorenzo, S., Dixon, T., Dompè, V., Fang, D. Q., Fantini, G., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Ferroni, F., Fiorini, E., Franceschi, M. A., Freedman, S. J., Fu, S. H., Fujikawa, B. K., Ghislandi, S., Giachero, A., Girola, M., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Gorla, P., Gotti, C., Guillaumon, P. V., Gutierrez, T. D., Han, K., Hansen, E. V., Heeger, K. M., Helis, D. L., Huang, H. Z., Keppel, G., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Kowalski, R., Liu, R., Ma, L., Ma, Y. G., Marini, L., Maruyama, R. H., Mayer, D., Mei, Y., Moore, M. N., Napolitano, T., Nastasi, M., Nones, C., Norman, E. B., Nucciotti, A., Nutini, I., O'Donnell, T., Olmi, M., Oregui, B. T., Ouellet, J. L., Pagan, S., Pagliarone, C. E., Pagnanini, L., Pallavicini, M., Pattavina, L., Pavan, M., Pessina, G., Pettinacci, V., Pira, C., Pirro, S., Ponce, I., Pottebaum, E. G., Pozzi, S., Previtali, E., Puiu, A., Quitadamo, S., Ressa, A., Rosenfeld, C., Schmidt, B., Sharma, V., Singh, V., Sisti, M., Speller, D., Surukuchi, P. T., Taffarello, L., Tomei, C., Torres, J. A, Vetter, K. J., Vignati, M., Wagaarachchi, S. L., Welliver, B., Wilson, J., Wilson, K., Winslow, L. A., Zimmermann, S., and Zucchelli, S.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We present the model we developed to reconstruct the CUORE radioactive background based on the analysis of an experimental exposure of 1038.4 kg yr. The data reconstruction relies on a simultaneous Bayesian fit applied to energy spectra over a broad energy range. The high granularity of the CUORE detector, together with the large exposure and extended stable operations, allow for an in-depth exploration of both spatial and time dependence of backgrounds. We achieve high sensitivity to both bulk and surface activities of the materials of the setup, detecting levels as low as 10 nBq kg$^{-1}$ and 0.1 nBq cm$^{-2}$, respectively. We compare the contamination levels we extract from the background model with prior radio-assay data, which informs future background risk mitigation strategies. The results of this background model play a crucial role in constructing the background budget for the CUPID experiment as it will exploit the same CUORE infrastructure.

Published
2024
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11. A new hybrid gadolinium nanoparticles-loaded polymeric material for neutron detection in rare event searches

Author

Collaboration, DarkSide-20k, Acerbi, F., Adhikari, P., Agnes, P., Ahmad, I., Albergo, S., Albuquerque, I. F., Alexander, T., Alton, A. K., Amaudruz, P., Angiolilli, M., Aprile, E., Ardito, R., Corona, M. Atzori, Auty, D. J., Ave, M., Avetisov, I. C., Azzolini, O., Back, H. O., Balmforth, Z., Olmedo, A. Barrado, Barrillon, P., Batignani, G., Bhowmick, P., Bocci, V., Bonivento, W., Bottino, B., Boulay, M. G., Buchowicz, A., Bussino, S., Busto, J., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Calabrese, R., Camillo, V., Caminata, A., Canci, N., Capra, A., Caravati, M., Cárdenas-Montes, M., Cargioli, N., Carlini, M., Castellani, A., Castello, P., Cavalcante, P., Cavallo, D., Cebrian, S., Ruiz, J. Cela, Chashin, S., Chepurnov, A., Cifarelli, L., Cintas, D., Citterio, M., Cleveland, B., Coadou, Y., Cocco, V., Colaiuda, D., Vilda, E. Conde, Consiglio, L., Costa, B. S., Czubak, M., D'Auria, S., Rolo, M. D. Da Rocha, Darbo, G., Davini, S., De Cecco, S., De Guido, G., Dellacasa, G., Derbin, A. V., Devoto, A., Di Capua, F., Di Ludovico, A., Di Noto, L., Di Stefano, P., Dias, L. K., Mairena, D. Díaz, Ding, X., Dionisi, C., Dolganov, G., Dordei, F., Dronik, V., Elersich, A., Ellingwood, E., Erjavec, T., Diaz, M. Fernandez, Ficorella, A., Fiorillo, G., Franchini, P., Franco, D., Gatti, H. Frandini, Frolov, E., Gabriele, F., Gahan, D., Galbiati, C., Galinski, G., Gallina, G., Garbini, M., Abia, P. Garcia, Gawdzik, A., Gendotti, A., Ghisi, A., Giovanetti, G. K., Casanueva, V. Goicoechea, Gola, A., Grandi, L., Grauso, G., di Cortona, G. Grilli, Grobov, A., Gromov, M., Guerzoni, M., Gulino, M., Guo, C., Hackett, B. R., Hallin, A., Hamer, A., Haranczyk, M., Harrop, B., Hessel, T., Hill, S., Horikawa, S., Hu, J., Hubaut, F., Hucker, J., Hugues, T., Hungerford, E. V., Ianni, A., Ippolito, V., Jamil, A., Jillings, C., Keloth, R., Kemmerich, N., Kemp, A., Kendziora, C. L., Kimura, M., Kondo, K., Korga, G., Kotsiopoulou, L., Koulosousas, S., Kubankin, A., Kuss, M., Kuzniak, M., Kuzwa, M., La Commara, M., Lai, M., Guirriec, E. Le, Leason, E., Leoni, A., Lidey, L., Lissia, M., Luzzi, L., Lychagina, O., Macfadyen, O., Machulin, I. N., Manecki, S., Manthos, I., Mapelli, L., Marasciulli, A., Mari, S. M., Mariani, C., Maricic, J., Marini, A., Martinez, M., Martoff, C. J., Matteucci, G., Mavrokoridis, K., McDonald, A. B., Mclaughlin, J., Merzi, S., Messina, A., Milincic, R., Minutoli, S., Mitra, A., Moharana, A., Moioli, S., Monroe, J., Moretti, E., Morrocchi, M., Mroz, T., Muratova, V. N., Murphy, M., Murra, M., Muscas, C., Musico, P., Nania, R., Nessi, M., Nieradka, G., Nikolopoulos, K., Nikoloudaki, E., Nowak, J., Olchanski, K., Oleinik, A., Oleynikov, V., Organtini, P., de Solórzano, A. Ortiz, Pallavicini, M., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Papi, D., Pastuszak, G., Paternoster, G., Peddis, D., Pegoraro, P. A., Pelczar, K., Pellegrini, L. A., Perez, R., Perotti, F., Pesudo, V., Piacentini, S. I., Pino, N., Plante, G., Pocar, A., Poehlmann, M., Pordes, S., Pralavorio, P., Price, D., Puglia, S., Bazetto, M. Queiroga, Ragusa, F., Ramachers, Y., Ramirez, A., Ravinthiran, S., Razeti, M., Renshaw, A. L., Rescigno, M., Retiere, F., Rignanese, L. P., Rivetti, A., Roberts, A., Roberts, C., Rogers, G., Romero, L., Rossi, M., Rubbia, A., Rudik, D., Sabia, M., Sadashivajois, S., Salomone, P., Samoylov, O., Sandford, E., Sanfilippo, S., Santone, D., Santorelli, R., Santos, E. M., Savarese, C., Scapparone, E., Schillaci, G., Schuckman II, F. G., Scioli, G., Semenov, D. A., Sheshukov, A., Simeone, M., Skensved, P., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Slimani, S., Smirnov, O., Smirnova, T., Smith, B., Sotnikov, A., Spadoni, F., Spangenberg, M., Stefanizzi, R., Steri, A., Stornelli, V., Stracka, S., Sulis, S., Sung, A., Sunny, C., Suvorov, Y., Szelc, A. M., Taborda, O., Tartaglia, R., Taylor, A., Taylor, J., Tedesco, S., Testera, G., Thieme, K., Thompson, A., Tonazzo, A., Torres-Lara, S., Tosi, S., Tricomi, A., Unzhakov, E. V., Vallivilayil, T. J., Van Uffelen, M., Velazquez-Fernandez, L., Viant, T., Vicini, S., Viel, S., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., Vossebeld, J., Vyas, B., Wada, M., Walczak, M. B., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Westerdale, S., Williams, L., Wojaczynski, R., Wojcik, M. M., Wojcik, M., Wright, T., Xie, Y., Yang, C., Yin, J., Zabihi, A., Zakhary, P., Zani, A., Zhang, Y., Zhu, T., Zichichi, A., Zuzel, G., and Zykova, M. P.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Experiments aimed at direct searches for WIMP dark matter require highly effective reduction of backgrounds and control of any residual radioactive contamination. In particular, neutrons interacting with atomic nuclei represent an important class of backgrounds due to the expected similarity of a WIMP-nucleon interaction, so that such experiments often feature a dedicated neutron detector surrounding the active target volume. In the context of the development of DarkSide-20k detector at INFN Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS), several R&D projects were conceived and developed for the creation of a new hybrid material rich in both hydrogen and gadolinium nuclei to be employed as an essential element of the neutron detector. Thanks to its very high cross-section for neutron capture, gadolinium is one of the most widely used elements in neutron detectors, while the hydrogen-rich material is instrumental in efficiently moderating the neutrons. In this paper results from one of the R&Ds are presented. In this effort the new hybrid material was obtained as a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix, loaded with gadolinium oxide in the form of nanoparticles. We describe its realization, including all phases of design, purification, construction, characterization, and determination of mechanical properties of the new material.

Published
2024
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12. With or without $\nu$? Hunting for the seed of the matter-antimatter asymmetry

Author

CUORE Collaboration, Adams, D. Q., Alduino, C., Alfonso, K., Avignone III, F. T., Azzolini, O., Bari, G., Bellini, F., Benato, G., Beretta, M., Biassoni, M., Branca, A., Brofferio, C., Bucci, C., Camilleri, J., Caminata, A., Campani, A., Cao, J., Capelli, S., Capelli, C., Cappelli, L., Cardani, L., Carniti, P., Casali, N., Celi, E., Chiesa, D., Clemenza, M., Cremonesi, O., Creswick, R. J., D'Addabbo, A., Dafinei, I., Del Corso, F., Dell'Oro, S., Di Domizio, S., Di Lorenzo, S., Dixon, T., Dompè, V., Fang, D. Q., Fantini, G., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Ferroni, F., Fiorini, E., Franceschi, M. A., Freedman, S. J., Fu, S. H., Fujikawa, B. K., Ghislandi, S., Giachero, A., Girola, M., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Gorla, P., Gotti, C., Guillaumon, P. V., Gutierrez, T. D., Han, K., Hansen, E. V., Heeger, K. M., Helis, D. L., Huang, H. Z., Keppel, G., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Kowalski, R., Liu, R., Ma, L., Ma, Y. G., Marini, L., Maruyama, R. H., Mayer, D., Mei, Y., Moore, M. N., Napolitano, T., Nastasi, M., Nones, C., Norman, E. B., Nucciotti, A., Nutini, I., O'Donnell, T., Olmi, M., Oregui, B. T., Ouellet, J. L., Pagan, S., Pagliarone, C. E., Pagnanini, L., Pallavicini, M., Pattavina, L., Pavan, M., Pessina, G., Pettinacci, V., Pira, C., Pirro, S., Ponce, I., Pottebaum, E. G., Pozzi, S., Previtali, E., Puiu, A., Quitadamo, S., Ressa, A., Rosenfeld, C., Schmidt, B., Sharma, V., Singh, V., Sisti, M., Speller, D., Surukuchi, P. T., Taffarello, L., Tomei, C., Torres, J. A, Vetter, K. J., Vignati, M., Wagaarachchi, S. L., Welliver, B., Wilson, J., Wilson, K., Winslow, L. A., Zimmermann, S., and Zucchelli, S.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The matter-antimatter asymmetry underlines the incompleteness of the current understanding of particle physics. Neutrinoless double-beta ($0\nu \beta\beta$) decay may help explain this asymmetry, while unveiling the Majorana nature of the neutrino. The CUORE experiment searches for $0\nu \beta\beta$ decay of $^{130}$Te using a tonne-scale cryogenic calorimeter operated at milli-kelvin temperatures. We report no evidence for $0\nu \beta\beta$ decay and place a lower limit on the half-life of T$_{1/2}$ $>$ 3.8 $\times$ 10$^{25}$ years (90% C.I.) with over 2 tonne$\cdot$year TeO$_2$ exposure. The tools and techniques developed for this result and the 5 year stable operation of nearly 1000 detectors demonstrate the infrastructure for a next-generation experiment capable of searching for $0\nu \beta\beta$ decay across multiple isotopes.

Published
2024

13. Erratum: Measurement of the 2νββ Decay Half-Life of Te130 with CUORE [Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 171801 (2021)]

Author

Adams, DQ, Alduino, C, Alfonso, K, Avignone, FT, Azzolini, O, Bari, G, Bellini, F, Benato, G, Biassoni, M, Branca, A, Brofferio, C, Bucci, C, Camilleri, J, Caminata, A, Campani, A, Canonica, L, Cao, XG, Capelli, S, Cappelli, L, Cardani, L, Carniti, P, Casali, N, Chiesa, D, Clemenza, M, Copello, S, Cosmelli, C, Cremonesi, O, Creswick, RJ, D’Addabbo, A, Dafinei, I, Davis, CJ, Dell’Oro, S, Di Domizio, S, Dompè, V, Fang, DQ, Fantini, G, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Ferroni, F, Fiorini, E, Franceschi, MA, Freedman, SJ, Fu, SH, Fujikawa, BK, Giachero, A, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Gutierrez, TD, Han, K, Heeger, KM, Huang, RG, Huang, HZ, Johnston, J, Keppel, G, Kolomensky, Yu G, Ligi, C, Ma, L, G., Y, Marini, L, Maruyama, RH, Mayer, D, Mei, Y, Moggi, N, Morganti, S, Napolitano, T, Nastasi, M, Nikkel, J, Nones, C, Norman, EB, Nucciotti, A, Nutini, I, O’Donnell, T, Ouellet, JL, Pagan, S, Pagliarone, CE, Pagnanini, L, Pallavicini, M, Pattavina, L, Pavan, M, Pessina, G, Pettinacci, V, Pira, C, Pirro, S, Pozzi, S, Previtali, E, Puiu, A, Rosenfeld, C, Rusconi, C, Sakai, M, Sangiorgio, S, Schmidt, B, Scielzo, ND, Sharma, V, Singh, V, Sisti, M, Speller, D, Surukuchi, PT, and Taffarello, L

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Physical Sciences, Mathematical Sciences, Engineering, General Physics, Mathematical sciences, Physical sciences
Abstract

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.171801.

Published
2023

14. Exploring the likelihood surface in multivariate Gaussian mixtures using Hamiltonian Monte Carlo

Author

Azzolini, Francesca and Skaug, Hans

Subjects
Statistics - Methodology
Abstract

Multimodality of the likelihood in Gaussian mixtures is a well-known problem. The choice of the initial parameter vector for the numerical optimizer may affect whether the optimizer finds the global maximum, or gets trapped in a local maximum of the likelihood. We propose to use Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) to explore the part of the parameter space which has a high likelihood. Each sampled parameter vector is used as the initial value for quasi-Newton optimizer, and the resulting sample of (maximum) likelihood values is used to determine if the likelihood is multimodal. We use a single simulated data set from a three component bivariate mixture to develop and test the method. We use state-of-the-art HCM software, but experience difficulties when trying to directly apply HMC to the full model with 15 parameters. To improve the mixing of the Markov Chain we explore various tricks, and conclude that for the dataset at hand we have found the global maximum likelihood estimate., Comment: 17 pages (main text) + 3 pages (supplementary material), 3 figures, 6 tables (main text) + 4 tables (supplementary material)

Published
2023

15. Directionality of nuclear recoils in a liquid argon time projection chamber

Author

Collaboration, The DarkSide-20k, Agnes, P., Ahmad, I., Albergo, S., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alton, A. K., Amaudruz, P., Corona, M. Atzori, Ave, M., Avetisov, I. Ch., Azzolini, O., Back, H. O., Balmforth, Z., Barrado-Olmedo, A., Barrillon, P., Basco, A., Batignani, G., Bocci, V., Bonivento, W. M., Bottino, B., Boulay, M. G., Busto, J., Cadeddu, M., Caminata, A., Canci, N., Cappello, G., Capra, A., Caprioli, S., Caravati, M., Cargioli, N., Carlini, M., Castello, P., Cataudella, V., Cavalcante, P., Cavuoti, S., Cebrian, S., Ruiz, J. M. Cela, Chashin, S., Chepurnov, A., Chyhyrynets, E., Cifarelli, L., Cintas, D., Citterio, M., Cleveland, B., Cocco, V., Vilda, E. Conde, Consiglio, L., Copello, S., Covone, G., Czubak, M., D'Aniello, M., D'Auria, S., Rolo, M. D. Da Rocha, Davini, S., de Candia, A., De Cecco, S., De Gruttola, D., De Filippis, G., Dell'Aquila, D., De Pasquale, S., De Rosa, G., Dellacasa, G., Derbin, A. V., Devoto, A., Di Capua, F., Di Noto, L., Dionisi, C., Di Stefano, P., Dolganov, G., Dordei, F., Elersich, A., Ellingwood, E., Erjavec, T., Diaz, M. Fernandez, Fiorillo, G., Franchini, P., Franco, D., Funicello, N., Gabriele, F., Gahan, D., Galbiati, C., Gallina, G., Gallus, G., Garbini, M., Abia, P. Garcia, Gendotti, A., Ghiano, C., Giganti, C., Giovanetti, G. K., Casanueva, V. Goicoechea, Gola, A., Grauso, G., di Cortona, G. Grilli, Grobov, A., Gromov, M., Guan, M., Guerzoni, M., Gulino, M., Guo, C., Hackett, B. R., Hallin, A. L., Hamer, A., Haranczyk, M., Hessel, T., Hill, S., Horikawa, S., Hubaut, F., Hucker, J., Hugues, T., Ianni, An., Ippolito, V., Jillings, C., Jois, S., Kachru, P., Kemmerich, N., Kemp, A. A., Kendziora, C. L., Kimura, M., Kochanek, I., Kondo, K., Korga, G., Koulosousas, S., Kubankin, A., Kuss, M., Kuzniak, M., La Commara, M., Lai, M., Guirriec, E. Le, Leason, E., Leoni, A., Li, X., Lidey, L., Lissia, M., Luzzi, L., Lychagina, O., Macfadyen, O., Machulin, I. N., Manecki, S., Manthos, I., Mapelli, L., Margotti, A., Marik, S. M., Mariani, C., Maricic, J., Marini, A., Martínez, M., Martoff, C. J., Matteucci, G., Mavrokoridis, K., McDonald, A. B., Messina, A., Milincic, R., Mitra, A., Moharana, A., Monroe, J., Moretti, E., Morrocchi, M., Mróz, T., Muratova, V. N., Muscas, C., Musico, P., Nania, R., Nessi, M., Nieradka, G., Nikolopoulos, K., Nowak, J., Olchansky, K., Oleinik, A., Oleynikov, V., Organtini, P., de Solórzano, A. Ortiz, Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Paternoster, G., Pegoraro, P. A., Pelczar, K., Pesudo, V., Piacentini, S., Pino, N., Pocar, A., Poehlmann, D. M., Pordes, S., Pralavorio, P., Price, D., Ragusa, F., Ramachers, Y., Razeti, M., Renshaw, A. L., Rescigno, M., Retiere, F., Rignanese, L. P., Ripoli, C., Rivetti, A., Roberts, A., Roberts, C., Rode, J., Rogers, G., Romero, L., Rossi, M., Rubbia, A., Sabia, M. A., Salomone, P., Sandford, E., Sanfilippo, S., Santone, D., Santorelli, R., Savarese, C., Scapparone, E., Schillaci, G., Schuckman II, F. G., Scioli, G., Simeone, M., Skensved, P., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Smirnov, O., Smirnova, T., Smith, B., Sosa, A., Spadoni, F., Spangenberg, M., Stefanizzi, R., Steri, A., Stornelli, V., Stracka, S., Stringer, M., Sulis, S., Sung, A., Suvorov, Y., Szelc, A. M., Tartaglia, R., Taylor, A., Taylor, J., Tedesco, S., Testera, G., Thieme, K., Thorpe, T. N., Tonazzo, A., Tricomi, A., Unzhakov, E. V., John, T. Vallivilayil, Van Uffelen, M., Viant, T., Viel, S., Vogelaar, R. B., Vossebeld, J., Wada, M., Walczak, M. B., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Westerdale, S., Williams, L., Wingerter-Seez, I., Wojaczynski, R., Wojcik, Ma. M., Wright, T., Xie, Y., Yang, C., Zabihi, A., Zakhary, P., Zani, A., Zichichi, A., Zuzel, G., and Zykova, M. P.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The direct search for dark matter in the form of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMP) is performed by detecting nuclear recoils (NR) produced in a target material from the WIMP elastic scattering. A promising experimental strategy for direct dark matter search employs argon dual-phase time projection chambers (TPC). One of the advantages of the TPC is the capability to detect both the scintillation and charge signals produced by NRs. Furthermore, the existence of a drift electric field in the TPC breaks the rotational symmetry: the angle between the drift field and the momentum of the recoiling nucleus can potentially affect the charge recombination probability in liquid argon and then the relative balance between the two signal channels. This fact could make the detector sensitive to the directionality of the WIMP-induced signal, enabling unmistakable annual and daily modulation signatures for future searches aiming for discovery. The Recoil Directionality (ReD) experiment was designed to probe for such directional sensitivity. The TPC of ReD was irradiated with neutrons at the INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, and data were taken with 72 keV NRs of known recoil directions. The direction-dependent liquid argon charge recombination model by Cataudella et al. was adopted and a likelihood statistical analysis was performed, which gave no indications of significant dependence of the detector response to the recoil direction. The aspect ratio R of the initial ionization cloud is estimated to be 1.037 +/- 0.027 and the upper limit is R < 1.072 with 90% confidence level, Comment: 20 pages, 10 figures, submitted to Eur. Phys. J. C

Published
2023

16. Measurement of the 2$\nu\beta\beta$ Decay Half-Life of Se-82 with the Global CUPID-0 Background Model

Author

Azzolini, O., Beeman, J. W., Bellini, F., Beretta, M., Biassoni, M., Brofferio, C., Bucci, C., Capelli, S., Caracciolo, V., Cardani, L., Carniti, P., Casali, N., Celi, E., Chiesa, D., Clemenza, M., Colantoni, I., Cremonesi, O., Cruciani, A., D'Addabbo, A., Dafinei, I., Di Domizio, S., Dompè, V., Fantini, G., Ferroni, F., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Gorla, P., Gotti, C., Keppel, G., Kotila, J., Martinez, M., Nagorny, S. S., Nastasi, M., Nisi, S., Nones, C., Orlandi, D., Pagnanini, L., Pallavicini, M., Pattavina, L., Pavan, M., Pessina, G., Pettinacci, V., Pirro, S., Pozzi, S., Previtali, E., Puiu, A., Ressa, A., Rusconi, C., Schäffner, K., Tomei, C., Vignati, M., and Zolotarova, A. S.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We report on the results obtained with the global CUPID-0 background model, which combines the data collected in the two measurement campaigns for a total exposure of 16.6 kg$\times$yr. We identify with improved precision the background sources in the region of interest for neutrinoless double $\beta$-decay, making more solid the foundations for the background budget of the next-generation CUPID experiment. Relying on the excellent data reconstruction, we measure the two-neutrino double $\beta$-decay half-life of $^{82}$Se with unprecedented accuracy: $T_{1/2}^{2\nu} = [8.69 \pm 0.05 \textrm{(stat.)}~^{+0.09}_{-0.06} \textrm{(syst.)}] \times 10^{19}~\textrm{yr}$.

Published
2023

18. Association of vaccine status, reinfections, and risk factors with Long COVID syndrome

Author

Romero-Ibarguengoitia, Maria Elena, Rodríguez-Torres, Juan Francisco, Garza-Silva, Arnulfo, Rivera-Cavazos, Andrea, Morales-Rodriguez, Devany Paola, Hurtado-Cabrera, Mauricio, Kalife-Assad, Ricardo, Villarreal-Parra, Diana, Loose-Esparza, Alejandro, Gutiérrez-Arias, Juan José, Mata-Porras, Yaressi Guadalupe, Ojeda-Salazar, Daniela Abigail, Sanz-Sánchez, Miguel Angel, González-Cantú, Arnulfo, Azzolini, Elena, and Rescigno, Maria

Published
2024
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19. A first test of CUPID prototypal light detectors with NTD-Ge sensors in a pulse-tube cryostat

Author

CUPID collaboration, Alfonso, K., Armatol, A., Augier, C., Avignone III, F. T., Azzolini, O., Balata, M., Barabash, A. S., Bari, G., Barresi, A., Baudin, D., Bellini, F., Benato, G., Berest, V., Beretta, M., Bettelli, M., Biassoni, M., Billard, J., Boldrini, V., Branca, A., Brofferio, C., Bucci, C., Camilleri, J., Campani, A., Capelli, C., Capelli, S., Cappelli, L., Cardani, L., Carniti, P., Casali, N., Celi, E., Chang, C., Chiesa, D., Clemenza, M., Colantoni, I., Copello, S., Craft, E., Cremonesi, O., Creswick, R. J., Cruciani, A., D'Addabbo, A., D'Imperio, G., Dabagov, S., Dafinei, I., Danevich, F. A., De Jesus, M., de Marcillac, P., Dell'Oro, S., Di Domizio, S., Di Lorenzo, S., Dixon, T., Dompé, V., Drobizhev, A., Dumoulin, L., Fantini, G., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Ferri, F., Ferroni, F., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Foggetta, L., Formaggio, J., Franceschi, A., Fu, C., Fu, S., Fujikawa, B. K., Gallas, A., Gascon, J., Ghislandi, S., Giachero, A., Gianvecchio, A., Girola, M., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Gorla, P., Gotti, C., Grant, C., Gras, P., Guillaumon, P. V., Gutierrez, T. D., Han, K., Hansen, E. V., Heeger, K. M., Helis, D. L., Huang, H. Z., Imbert, L., Johnston, J., Juillard, A., Karapetrov, G., Keppel, G., Khalife, H., Kobychev, V. V., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Konovalov, S. I., Kowalski, R., Langford, T., Lefevre, M., Liu, R., Liu, Y., Loaiza, P., Ma, L., Madhukuttan, M., Mancarella, F., Marini, L., Marnieros, S., Martinez, M., Maruyama, R. H., Mas, Ph., Mayer, D., Mazzitelli, G., Mei, Y., Milana, S., Morganti, S., Napolitano, T., Nastasi, M., Nikkel, J., Nisi, S., Nones, C., Norman, E. B., Novosad, V., Nutini, I., O'Donnell, T., Olivieri, E., Olmi, M., Ouellet, J. L., Pagan, S., Pagliarone, C., Pagnanini, L., Pattavina, L., Pavan, M., Peng, H., Pessina, G., Pettinacci, V., Pira, C., Pirro, S., Poda, D. V., Polischuk, O. G., Ponce, I., Pozzi, S., Previtali, E., Puiu, A., Quitadamo, S., Ressa, A., Rizzoli, R., Rosenfeld, C., Rosier, P., Scarpaci, J. A., Schmidt, B., Sharma, V., Shlegel, V. N., Singh, V., Sisti, M., Slocum, P., Speller, D., Surukuchi, P. T., Taffarello, L., Tomei, C., Torres, J. A., Tretyak, V. I., Tsymbaliuk, A., Velazquez, M., Vetter, K. J., Wagaarachchi, S. L., Wang, G., Wang, L., Wang, R., Welliver, B., Wilson, J., Wilson, K., Winslow, L. A., Xue, M., Yan, L., Yang, J., Yefremenko, V., Umatov, V. I., Zarytskyy, M. M., Zhang, J., Zolotarova, A., and Zucchelli, S.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

CUPID is a next-generation bolometric experiment aiming at searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay with ~250 kg of isotopic mass of $^{100}$Mo. It will operate at $\sim$10 mK in a cryostat currently hosting a similar-scale bolometric array for the CUORE experiment at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory (Italy). CUPID will be based on large-volume scintillating bolometers consisting of $^{100}$Mo-enriched Li$_2$MoO$_4$ crystals, facing thin Ge-wafer-based bolometric light detectors. In the CUPID design, the detector structure is novel and needs to be validated. In particular, the CUORE cryostat presents a high level of mechanical vibrations due to the use of pulse tubes and the effect of vibrations on the detector performance must be investigated. In this paper we report the first test of the CUPID-design bolometric light detectors with NTD-Ge sensors in a dilution refrigerator equipped with a pulse tube in an above-ground lab. Light detectors are characterized in terms of sensitivity, energy resolution, pulse time constants, and noise power spectrum. Despite the challenging noisy environment due to pulse-tube-induced vibrations, we demonstrate that all the four tested light detectors comply with the CUPID goal in terms of intrinsic energy resolution of 100 eV RMS baseline noise. Indeed, we have measured 70--90 eV RMS for the four devices, which show an excellent reproducibility. We have also obtained outstanding energy resolutions at the 356 keV line from a $^{133}$Ba source with one light detector achieving 0.71(5) keV FWHM, which is -- to our knowledge -- the best ever obtained when compared to $\gamma$ detectors of any technology in this energy range., Comment: Prepared for submission to JINST; 16 pages, 7 figures, and 1 table

Published
2023
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20. Twelve-crystal prototype of Li$_2$MoO$_4$ scintillating bolometers for CUPID and CROSS experiments

Author

CUPID, collaborations, CROSS, Alfonso, K., Armatol, A., Augier, C., Avignone III, F. T., Azzolini, O., Balata, M., Bandac, I. C., Barabash, A. S., Bari, G., Barresi, A., Baudin, D., Bellini, F., Benato, G., Berest, V., Beretta, M., Bettelli, M., Biassoni, M., Billard, J., Boldrini, V., Branca, A., Brofferio, C., Bucci, C., Calvo-Mozota, J. M., Camilleri, J., Campani, A., Capelli, C., Capelli, S., Cappelli, L., Cardani, L., Carniti, P., Casali, N., Celi, E., Chang, C., Chiesa, D., Clemenza, M., Colantoni, I., Copello, S., Craft, E., Cremonesi, O., Creswick, R. J., Cruciani, A., D'Addabbo, A., D'Imperio, G., Dabagov, S., Dafinei, I., Danevich, F. A., De Jesus, M., de Marcillac, P., Dell'Oro, S., Di Domizio, S., Di Lorenzo, S., Dixon, T., Dompé, V., Drobizhev, A., Dumoulin, L., Fantini, G., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Ferri, F., Ferroni, F., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Foggetta, L., Formaggio, J., Franceschi, A., Fu, C., Fu, S., Fujikawa, B. K., Gallas, A., Gascon, J., Ghislandi, S., Giachero, A., Gianvecchio, A., Girola, M., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Gorla, P., Gotti, C., Grant, C., Gras, P., Guillaumon, P. V., Gutierrez, T. D., Han, K., Hansen, E. V., Heeger, K. M., Helis, D. L., Huang, H. Z., Ianni, A., Imbert, L., Johnston, J., Juillard, A., Karapetrov, G., Keppel, G., Khalife, H., Kobychev, V. V., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Konovalov, S. I., Kowalski, R., Langford, T., Lefevre, M., Liu, R., Liu, Y., Loaiza, P., Ma, L., Madhukuttan, M., Mancarella, F., Marrache-Kikuchi, C. A., Marini, L., Marnieros, S., Martinez, M., Maruyama, R. H., Mas, Ph., Mayer, D., Mazzitelli, G., Mei, Y., Milana, S., Morganti, S., Napolitano, T., Nastasi, M., Nikkel, J., Nisi, S., Nones, C., Norman, E. B., Novosad, V., Nutini, I., O'Donnell, T., Olivieri, E., Olmi, M., Ouellet, J. L., Pagan, S., Pagliarone, C., Pagnanini, L., Pattavina, L., Pavan, M., Peng, H., Pessina, G., Pettinacci, V., Pira, C., Pirro, S., Poda, D. V., Polischuk, O. G., Ponce, I., Pozzi, S., Previtali, E., Puiu, A., Quitadamo, S., Ressa, A., Rizzoli, R., Rosenfeld, C., Rosier, P., Scarpaci, J. A., Schmidt, B., Sharma, V., Shlegel, V. N., Singh, V., Sisti, M., Slocum, P., Speller, D., Surukuchi, P. T., Taffarello, L., Tomei, C., Torres, J. A., Tretyak, V. I., Tsymbaliuk, A., Velazquez, M., Vetter, K. J., Wagaarachchi, S. L., Wang, G., Wang, L., Wang, R., Welliver, B., Wilson, J., Wilson, K., Winslow, L. A., Xue, M., Yan, L., Yang, J., Yefremenko, V., Umatov, V. I., Zarytskyy, M. M., Zhang, J., Zolotarova, A., and Zucchelli, S.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

An array of twelve 0.28 kg lithium molybdate (LMO) low-temperature bolometers equipped with 16 bolometric Ge light detectors, aiming at optimization of detector structure for CROSS and CUPID double-beta decay experiments, was constructed and tested in a low-background pulse-tube-based cryostat at the Canfranc underground laboratory in Spain. Performance of the scintillating bolometers was studied depending on the size of phonon NTD-Ge sensors glued to both LMO and Ge absorbers, shape of the Ge light detectors (circular vs. square, from two suppliers), in different light collection conditions (with and without reflector, with aluminum coated LMO crystal surface). The scintillating bolometer array was operated over 8 months in the low-background conditions that allowed to probe a very low, $\mu$Bq/kg, level of the LMO crystals radioactive contamination by $^{228}$Th and $^{226}$Ra., Comment: Prepared for submission to JINST; 23 pages, 9 figures, and 4 tables

Published
2023
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21. Metrological Analysis with Covariance Features of Micro-Channels Fabricated with a Femtosecond Laser

Author

Matteo Verdi, Federico Bassi, Luigi Calabrese, Martina Azzolini, Salim Malek, Roberto Battisti, Eleonora Grilli, Fabio Menna, Enrico Gallus, and Fabio Remondino

Subjects
femtosecond laser, micro-milling, micro-channels, covariance features, bumps, surface roughness, Electronic computers. Computer science, QA75.5-76.95, Applied mathematics. Quantitative methods, T57-57.97
Abstract

This study presents an automated methodology for evaluating micro-channels fabricated using a femtosecond laser on stainless steel substrates. We utilize 3D surface topography and metrological analyses to extract geometric features and detect fabrication defects. Standardized samples were analyzed using a light interferometer, and the resulting data were processed with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and RANSAC algorithms to derive channel characteristics, such as depth, wall taper, and surface roughness. The proposed method identifies common defects, including bumps and V-defects, which can compromise the functionality of micro-channels. The effectiveness of the approach is validated by comparisons with commercial solutions. This automated procedure aims to enhance the reliability and precision of femtosecond laser micro-milling for industrial applications. The detected defects, combined with fabrication parameters, could be ingested in an AI-based process to optimize fabrication processes.

Published
2024
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22. Inflammatory signature in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis predicting disease progression

Author

Cinzia Femiano, Antonio Bruno, Luana Gilio, Fabio Buttari, Ettore Dolcetti, Giovanni Galifi, Federica Azzolini, Angela Borrelli, Roberto Furlan, Annamaria Finardi, Alessandra Musella, Georgia Mandolesi, Marianna Storto, Diego Centonze, and Mario Stampanoni Bassi

Subjects
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Neuroinflammation, Disease progression, Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), Cytokines, Neutrophil-to-lymphocytes ratio (NLR), Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Experimental studies identified a role of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, the role of inflammatory molecules as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in patients with ALS is unclear. In this cross-sectional study, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of a set of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were analyzed in 56 newly diagnosed ALS patients and in 47 age- and sex-matched control patients without inflammatory or degenerative neurological disorders. The molecules analyzed included: interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF), macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1a, MIP-1b, tumor necrosis factors (TNF), eotaxin. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to explore possible associations between CSF molecules and ALS diagnosis. In addition, we analyzed the association between CSF cytokine profiles and clinical characteristics, including the disease progression rate score, and peripheral inflammation assessed using the Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). PCA identified six principal components (PCs) explaining 70.67% of the total variance in the CSF cytokine set. The principal component (PC1) explained 26.8% of variance and showed a positive load with CSF levels of IL-9, IL-4, GCSF, IL-7, IL-17, IL-13, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF, and IL-2. Logistic regression showed a significant association between PC1 and ALS diagnosis. In addition, in ALS patients, the same component was significantly associated with higher disease progression rate score and positively correlated with NLR. CSF inflammatory activation in present in ALS at the time of diagnosis and may characterize patients at higher risk for disease progression.

Published
2024
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23. Immunological Aspects of Kabuki Syndrome: A Retrospective Multicenter Study of the Italian Primary Immunodeficiency Network (IPINet)

Author

Rossini, Linda, Ricci, Silvia, Montin, Davide, Azzari, Chiara, Gambineri, Eleonora, Tellini, Marco, Conti, Francesca, Pession, Andrea, Saettini, Francesco, Naviglio, Samuele, Valencic, Erica, Magnolato, Andrea, Baselli, Lucia, Azzolini, Sara, Consolini, Rita, Leonardi, Lucia, D’Alba, Irene, Carraro, Elisa, Romano, Roberta, Melis, Daniela, Stagi, Stefano, Cirillo, Emilia, Giardino, Giuliana, Biffi, Alessandra, Pignata, Claudio, Putti, Maria Caterina, and Marzollo, Antonio

Published
2024
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24. A first test of CUPID prototypal light detectors with NTD-Ge sensors in a pulse-tube cryostat

Author

Alfonso, K, Armatol, A, Augier, C, Avignone, FT, Azzolini, O, Balata, M, Barabash, AS, Bari, G, Barresi, A, Baudin, D, Bellini, F, Benato, G, Berest, V, Beretta, M, Bettelli, M, Biassoni, M, Billard, J, Boldrini, V, Branca, A, Brofferio, C, Bucci, C, Camilleri, J, Campani, A, Capelli, C, Capelli, S, Cappelli, L, Cardani, L, Carniti, P, Casali, N, Celi, E, Chang, C, Chiesa, D, Clemenza, M, Colantoni, I, Copello, S, Craft, E, Cremonesi, O, Creswick, RJ, Cruciani, A, D'Addabbo, A, D'Imperio, G, Dabagov, S, Dafinei, I, Danevich, FA, De Jesus, M, de Marcillac, P, Dell'Oro, S, Di Domizio, S, Di Lorenzo, S, Dixon, T, Dompé, V, Drobizhev, A, Dumoulin, L, Fantini, G, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Ferri, F, Ferroni, F, Figueroa-Feliciano, E, Foggetta, L, Formaggio, J, Franceschi, A, Fu, C, Fu, S, Fujikawa, BK, Gallas, A, Gascon, J, Ghislandi, S, Giachero, A, Gianvecchio, A, Girola, M, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Grant, C, Gras, P, Guillaumon, PV, Gutierrez, TD, Han, K, Hansen, EV, Heeger, KM, Helis, DL, Huang, HZ, Imbert, L, Johnston, J, Juillard, A, Karapetrov, G, Keppel, G, Khalife, H, Kobychev, VV, Kolomensky, Yu G, Konovalov, SI, Kowalski, R, Langford, T, Lefevre, M, Liu, R, Liu, Y, Loaiza, P, and Ma, L

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, Cryogenic detectors, Gamma detectors, Photon detectors for UV, visible and IR photons, X-ray detectors, Engineering, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Physical sciences
Abstract

CUPID is a next-generation bolometric experiment aiming at searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay with ∼250 kg of isotopic mass of 100Mo. It will operate at ∼10 mK in a cryostat currently hosting a similar-scale bolometric array for the CUORE experiment at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory (Italy). CUPID will be based on large-volume scintillating bolometers consisting of 100Mo-enriched Li2MoO4 crystals, facing thin Ge-wafer-based bolometric light detectors. In the CUPID design, the detector structure is novel and needs to be validated. In particular, the CUORE cryostat presents a high level of mechanical vibrations due to the use of pulse tubes and the effect of vibrations on the detector performance must be investigated. In this paper we report the first test of the CUPID-design bolometric light detectors with NTD-Ge sensors in a dilution refrigerator equipped with a pulse tube in an above-ground lab. Light detectors are characterized in terms of sensitivity, energy resolution, pulse time constants, and noise power spectrum. Despite the challenging noisy environment due to pulse-tube-induced vibrations, we demonstrate that all the four tested light detectors comply with the CUPID goal in terms of intrinsic energy resolution of 100 eV RMS baseline noise. Indeed, we have measured 70-90 eV RMS for the four devices, which show an excellent reproducibility. We have also obtained high energy resolutions at the 356 keV line from a 133Ba source, as good as Ge semiconductor γ detectors in this energy range.

Published
2023

25. Twelve-crystal prototype of Li2MoO4 scintillating bolometers for CUPID and CROSS experiments

Author

Alfonso, K, Armatol, A, Augier, C, Avignone, FT, Azzolini, O, Balata, M, Bandac, IC, Barabash, AS, Bari, G, Barresi, A, Baudin, D, Bellini, F, Benato, G, Berest, V, Beretta, M, Bettelli, M, Biassoni, M, Billard, J, Boldrini, V, Branca, A, Brofferio, C, Bucci, C, Calvo-Mozota, JM, Camilleri, J, Campani, A, Capelli, C, Capelli, S, Cappelli, L, Cardani, L, Carniti, P, Casali, N, Celi, E, Chang, C, Chiesa, D, Clemenza, M, Colantoni, I, Copello, S, Craft, E, Cremonesi, O, Creswick, RJ, Cruciani, A, D'Addabbo, A, D'Imperio, G, Dabagov, S, Dafinei, I, Danevich, FA, De Jesus, M, de Marcillac, P, Dell'Oro, S, Di Domizio, S, Di Lorenzo, S, Dixon, T, Dompé, V, Drobizhev, A, Dumoulin, L, Fantini, G, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Ferri, F, Ferroni, F, Figueroa-Feliciano, E, Foggetta, L, Formaggio, J, Franceschi, A, Fu, C, Fu, S, Fujikawa, BK, Gallas, A, Gascon, J, Ghislandi, S, Giachero, A, Gianvecchio, A, Girola, M, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Grant, C, Gras, P, Guillaumon, PV, Gutierrez, TD, Han, K, Hansen, EV, Heeger, KM, Helis, DL, Huang, HZ, Ianni, A, Imbert, L, Johnston, J, Juillard, A, Karapetrov, G, Keppel, G, Khalife, H, Kobychev, VV, Kolomensky, Yu G, Konovalov, SI, Kowalski, R, Langford, T, Lefevre, M, and Liu, R

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Physical Sciences, Cryogenic detectors, Double-beta decay detectors, Particle identification methods, Scintillators, scintillation and light emission processes, Engineering, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Physical sciences
Abstract

An array of twelve 0.28 kg lithium molybdate (LMO) low-temperature bolometers equipped with 16 bolometric Ge light detectors, aiming at optimization of detector structure for CROSS and CUPID double-beta decay experiments, was constructed and tested in a low-background pulse-tube-based cryostat at the Canfranc underground laboratory in Spain. Performance of the scintillating bolometers was studied depending on the size of phonon NTD-Ge sensors glued to both LMO and Ge absorbers, shape of the Ge light detectors (circular vs. square, from two suppliers), in different light collection conditions (with and without reflector, with aluminum coated LMO crystal surface). The scintillating bolometer array was operated over 8 months in the low-background conditions that allowed to probe a very low, μBq/kg, level of the LMO crystals radioactive contamination by 228Th and 226Ra.

Published
2023

26. CUPID: The Next-Generation Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Experiment

Author

Alfonso, K, Armatol, A, Augier, C, Avignone, FT, Azzolini, O, Balata, M, Barabash, AS, Bari, G, Barresi, A, Baudin, D, Bellini, F, Benato, G, Beretta, M, Bettelli, M, Biassoni, M, Billard, J, Boldrini, V, Branca, A, Brofferio, C, Bucci, C, Camilleri, J, Campani, A, Capelli, C, Capelli, S, Cappelli, L, Cardani, L, Carniti, P, Casali, N, Celi, E, Chang, C, Chiesa, D, Clemenza, M, Colantoni, I, Copello, S, Craft, E, Cremonesi, O, Creswick, RJ, Cruciani, A, D’Addabbo, A, D’Imperio, G, Dabagov, S, Dafinei, I, Danevich, FA, De Jesus, M, De Marcillac, P, Dell’Oro, S, Domizio, S Di, Lorenzo, S Di, Dixon, T, Dompè, V, Drobizhev, A, Dumoulin, L, Fantini, G, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Ferri, F, Ferroni, F, Figueroa-Feliciano, E, Foggetta, L, Formaggio, J, Franceschi, A, Fu, C, Fu, S, Fujikawa, BK, Gallas, A, Gascon, J, Ghislandi, S, Giachero, A, Gianvecchio, A, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Grant, C, Gras, P, Guillaumon, PV, Gutierrez, TD, Han, K, Hansen, EV, Heeger, KM, Helis, DL, Huang, HZ, Imbert, L, Johnston, J, Juillard, A, Karapetrov, G, Keppel, G, Khalife, H, Kobychev, VV, Kolomensky, Yu G, Konovalov, SI, Kowalski, R, Langford, T, Lefevre, M, Liu, R, Liu, Y, Loaiza, P, Ma, L, Madhukuttan, M, and Mancarella, F

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, Neutrinoless double beta decay, Bolometers, Low radioactivity, Cryostat, Next-generation bolometric experiment, Mathematical Physics, Classical Physics, Condensed Matter Physics, General Physics, Classical physics, Condensed matter physics
Abstract

CUPID is a next-generation tonne-scale bolometric neutrinoless double beta decay experiment that will probe the Majorana nature of neutrinos and discover lepton number violation in case of observation of this singular process. CUPID will be built on experience, expertise and lessons learned in CUORE and will be installed in the current CUORE infra-structure in the Gran Sasso underground laboratory. The CUPID detector technology, successfully tested in the CUPID-Mo experiment, is based on scintillating bolometers of Li2MoO4 enriched in the isotope of interest 100Mo. In order to achieve its ambitious science goals, the CUPID collaboration aims to reduce the backgrounds in the region of interest by a factor 100 with respect to CUORE. This performance will be achieved by introducing the high efficient α/β discrimination demonstrated by the CUPID-0 and CUPID-Mo experiments, and using a high transition energy double beta decay nucleus such as 100Mo to minimize the impact of the gamma background. CUPID will consist of about 1500 hybrid heat-light detectors for a total isotope mass of 250 kg. The CUPID scientific reach is supported by a detailed and safe background model based on CUORE, CUPID-Mo and CUPID-0 results. The required performances have already been demonstrated and will be presented.

Published
2023

27. Parsimonious immune-response endotypes and global outcome in patients with traumatic brain injuryResearch in context

Author

Romit J. Samanta, Anne-Cécile Chiollaz, Edward Needham, John K. Yue, Adel Helmy, Elisa R. Zanier, Kevin K.W. Wang, Firas Kobeissy, Jussi P. Posti, Charlotte Summers, Geoffrey T. Manley, Andrew IR. Maas, Olli Tenovuo, Jean-Charles Sanchez, David K. Menon, Neeraj Badjatia, Ramon Diaz-Arrastia, Ann-Christine Duhaime, V Ramana Feeser, Shankar Gopinath, Ramesh Grandhi, Ruchira J. Ha, Dirk Keene, Christopher Madden, Michael McCrea, Randall Merchant, Laura B. Ngwenya, Richard B. Rodgers, David Schnyer, Sabrina R. Taylor, Ross Zafonte, Cecilia Ackerlund, Krisztina Amrein, Nada Andelic, Lasse Andreassen, Audny Anke, Gérard Audibert, Philippe Azouvi, Maria Luisa Azzolini, Ronald Bartels, Ronny Beer, Bo-Michael Bellander, Habib Benali, Maurizio Berardino, Luigi Beretta, Erta Beqiri, Morten Blaabjerg, Stine Borgen Lund, Camilla Brorsson, Andras Buki, Manuel Cabeleira, Alessio Caccioppola, Emiliana Calappi, Maria Rosa Calvi, Peter Cameron, Guillermo Carbayo Lozano, Marco Carbonara, Ana M. Castaño-León, Simona Cavallo, Giorgio Chevallard, Arturo Chieregato, Giuseppe Citerio, Hans Clusmann, Mark Steven Coburn, Jonathan Coles, Jamie D. Cooper, Marta Correia, Endre Czeiter, Marek Czosnyka, Claire Dahyot-Fizelier, Paul Dark, Véronique De Keyser, Vincent Degos, Francesco Della Corte, Hugo den Boogert, Bart Depreitere, Đula Đilvesi, Abhishek Dixit, Jens Dreier, Guy-Loup Dulière, Ari Ercole, Erzsébet Ezer, Martin Fabricius, Kelly Foks, Shirin Frisvold, Alex Furmanov, Damien Galanaud, Dashiell Gantner, Alexandre Ghuysen, Lelde Giga, Jagoš Golubović, Pedro A. Gomez, Benjamin Gravesteijn, Francesca Grossi, Deepak Gupta, Iain Haitsma, Raimund Helbok, Eirik Helseth, Jilske Huijben, Peter J. Hutchinson, Stefan Jankowski, Faye Johnson, Mladen Karan, Angelos G. Kolias, Daniel Kondziella, Evgenios Kornaropoulos, Lars-Owe Koskinen, Noémi Kovács, Ana Kowark, Alfonso Lagares, Steven Laureys, Fiona Lecky, Didier Ledoux, Roger Lightfoot, Hester Lingsma, Andrew I.R. Maas, Alex Manara, Hugues Maréchal, Costanza Martino, Julia Mattern, Catherine McMahon, David Menon, Tomas Menovsky, Benoit Misset, Visakh Muraleedharan, Lynnette Murray, Ancuta Negru, David Nelson, Virginia Newcombe, József Nyirádi, Fabrizio Ortolano, Jean-François Payen, Vincent Perlbarg, Paolo Persona, Wilco Peul, Anna Piippo-Karjalainen, Horia Ples, Inigo Pomposo, Louis Puybasset, Andreea Rădoi, Arminas Ragauskas, Rahul Raj, Jonathan Rhodes, Sophie Richter, Saulius Rocka, Cecilie Roe, Olav Roise, Jeffrey Rosenfeld, Christina Rosenlund, Guy Rosenthal, Rolf Rossaint, Sandra Rossi, Juan Sahuquillo, Oliver Sakowitz, Renan Sanchez-Porras, Oddrun Sandrød, Kari Schirmer-Mikalsen, Rico Frederik Schou, Charlie Sewalt, Peter Smielewski, Abayomi Sorinola, Emmanuel Stamatakis, Ewout W. Steyerberg, Nino Stocchetti, Nina Sundström, Riikka Takala, Viktória Tamás, Tomas Tamosuitis, Matt Thomas, Dick Tibboel, Christos Tolias, Tony Trapani, Cristina Maria Tudora, Andreas Unterberg, Peter Vajkoczy, Egils Valeinis, Shirley Vallance, Zoltán Vámos, Gregory Van der Steen, Jeroen T.J.M. van Dijck, Thomas A. van Essen, Roel van Wijk, Alessia Vargiolu, Emmanuel Vega, Anne Vik, Rimantas Vilcinis, Victor Volovici, Peter Vulekovic, Eveline Wiegers, Guy Williams, Stefan Winzeck, Stefan Wolf, Alexander Younsi, Frederick A. Zeiler, Agate Ziverte, and Tommaso Zoerle

Subjects
Traumatic brain injury, Stratified medicine, Inflammation, Clustering, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Summary: Background: The inflammatory response in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) offers opportunities for stratification and intervention. Previous unselected approaches to immunomodulation in patients with TBI have not improved patient outcomes. Methods: Serum and plasma samples from two prospective, multi-centre observational studies of patients with TBI were used to discover (Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research [CENTER-TBI], Europe) and validate (Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain Injury [TRACK-TBI] Pilot, USA) individual variations in the immune response using a multiplex panel of 30 inflammatory mediators. Mediators that were associated with unfavourable outcomes (Glasgow outcome score-extended [GOS-E] ≤ 4) were used for hierarchical clustering to identify patients with similar signatures. Findings: Two clusters were identified in both the discovery and validation cohorts, termed early-inflammatory and pauci-inflammatory. The early-inflammatory phenotype had higher concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-15, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1). Patients with the early-inflammatory phenotype were older and more likely to have an unfavourable GOS-E at 6 months. There were no differences in the baseline injury severity scores between patients in each phenotype. A combined IL-15 and MCP1 signature identified patients with the early-inflammatory phenotype in both cohorts. Inflammatory processes mediated outcomes in older patients with moderate-severe TBI. Interpretation: Our findings offer a precision medicine approach for future clinical trials of immunomodulation in patients with TBI, by using inflammatory signatures to stratify patients. Funding: CENTER-TBI study was supported by the European Union 7th Framework Programme. TRACK-TBI is supported by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.

Published
2024
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28. Peroral endoscopic myotomy as a treatment for Killian–Jamieson diverticulum (KJ-POEM)

Author

Redeat Libanos Assefa, Michael Bejjani, Amit Mehta, Apurva Shrigiriwar, Farimah Fayyaz, Yuto Shimamura, Haruhiro Inoue, Francesco Vito Mandarino, Francesco Azzolini, Steven P Bowers, Zhen Li, Carlos Robles-Medranda, Martha Arevalo, Vinay Dhir, Gianluca Andrisani, Alina Tantau, Michael Lajin, Kartik Sampath, and Mouen A. Khashab

Subjects
Endoscopy Upper GI Tract, Diseases of the digestive system. Gastroenterology, RC799-869
Published
2024
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29. Association of early blood-based biomarkers and six-month functional outcomes in conventional severity categories of traumatic brain injury: capturing the continuous spectrum of injuryResearch in context

Author

Lindsay Wilson, Virginia F.J. Newcombe, Daniel P. Whitehouse, Stefania Mondello, Andrew I.R. Maas, David K. Menon, Cecilia Ackerlund, Krisztina Amrein, Nada Andelic, Lasse Andreassen, Audny Anke, Anna Antoni, Gérard Audibert, Philippe Azouvi, Maria Luisa Azzolini, Ronald Bartels, Pál Barzó, Romuald Beauvais, Ronny Beer, Bo-Michael Bellander, Antonio Belli, Habib Benali, Maurizio Berardino, Luigi Beretta, Morten Blaabjerg, Peter Bragge, Alexandra Brazinova, Vibeke Brinck, Joanne Brooker, Camilla Brorsson, Andras Buki, Monika Bullinger, Manuel Cabeleira, Alessio Caccioppola, Emiliana Calappi, Maria Rosa Calvi, Peter Cameron, Guillermo Carbayo Lozano, Marco Carbonara, Ana M. Castaño-León, Simona Cavallo, Giorgio Chevallard, Arturo Chieregato, Giuseppe Citerio, Hans Clusmann, Mark Steven Coburn, Jonathan Coles, Jamie D. Cooper, Marta Correia, Amra Čović, Nicola Curry, Endre Czeiter, Marek Czosnyka, Claire Dahyot-Fizelier, Paul Dark, Helen Dawes, Véronique De Keyser, Vincent Degos, Francesco Della Corte, Hugo den Boogert, Bart Depreitere, Đula Đilvesi, Abhishek Dixit, Emma Donoghue, Jens Dreier, Guy-Loup Dulière, Ari Ercole, Patrick Esser, Erzsébet Ezer, Martin Fabricius, Valery L. Feigin, Kelly Foks, Shirin Frisvold, Alex Furmanov, Pablo Gagliardo, Damien Galanaud, Dashiell Gantner, Guoyi Gao, Pradeep George, Alexandre Ghuysen, Lelde Giga, Ben Glocker, Jagoš Golubović, Pedro A. Gomez, Johannes Gratz, Benjamin Gravesteijn, Francesca Grossi, Russell L. Gruen, Deepak Gupta, Juanita A. Haagsma, Iain Haitsma, Raimund Helbok, Eirik Helseth, Lindsay Horton, Jilske Huijben, Peter J. Hutchinson, Bram Jacobs, Stefan Jankowski, Mike Jarrett, Ji-yao Jiang, Faye Johnson, Kelly Jones, Mladen Karan, Angelos G. Kolias, Erwin Kompanje, Daniel Kondziella, Evgenios Kornaropoulos, Lars-Owe Koskinen, Noémi Kovács, Ana Kowark, Alfonso Lagares, Linda Lanyon, Steven Laureys, Fiona Lecky, Didier Ledoux, Rolf Lefering, Valerie Legrand, Aurelie Lejeune, Leon Levi, Roger Lightfoot, Hester Lingsma, Marc Maegele, Marek Majdan, Alex Manara, Geoffrey Manley, Hugues Maréchal, Costanza Martino, Julia Mattern, Catherine McMahon, Béla Melegh, Tomas Menovsky, Ana Mikolic, Benoit Misset, Visakh Muraleedharan, Lynnette Murray, Nandesh Nair, Ancuta Negru, David Nelson, Daan Nieboer, József Nyirádi, Matej Oresic, Fabrizio Ortolano, Olubukola Otesile, Aarno Palotie, Paul M. Parizel, Jean-François Payen, Natascha Perera, Vincent Perlbarg, Paolo Persona, Wilco Peul, Anna Piippo-Karjalainen, Matti Pirinen, Dana Pisica, Horia Ples, Suzanne Polinder, Inigo Pomposo, Jussi P. Posti, Louis Puybasset, Andreea Rădoi, Arminas Ragauskas, Rahul Raj, Malinka Rambadagalla, Isabel Retel Helmrich, Jonathan Rhodes, Sylvia Richardson, Sophie Richter, Samuli Ripatti, Saulius Rocka, Cecilie Roe, Olav Roise, Jonathan Rosand, Jeffrey Rosenfeld, Christina Rosenlund, Guy Rosenthal, Rolf Rossaint, Sandra Rossi, Daniel Rueckert, Martin Rusnák, Juan Sahuquillo, Oliver Sakowitz, Renan Sanchez-Porras, Janos Sandor, Nadine Schäfer, Silke Schmidt, Herbert Schoechl, Guus Schoonman, Rico Frederik Schou, Elisabeth Schwendenwein, Ranjit D. Singh, Charlie Sewalt, Toril Skandsen, Peter Smielewski, Abayomi Sorinola, Emmanuel Stamatakis, Simon Stanworth, Robert Stevens, William Stewart, Ewout W. Steyerberg, Nino Stocchetti, Nina Sundström, Riikka Takala, Viktória Tamás, Tomas Tamosuitis, Mark Steven Taylor, Braden Te Ao, Olli Tenovuo, Alice Theadom, Matt Thomas, Aurore Thibaut, Dick Tibboel, Marjolijn Timmers, Christos Tolias, Tony Trapani, Cristina Maria Tudora, Andreas Unterberg, Peter Vajkoczy, Egils Valeinis, Shirley Vallance, Zoltán Vámos, Mathieu van der Jagt, Joukje van der Naalt, Gregory Van der Steen, Jeroen T.J.M. van Dijck, Inge A. van Erp, Thomas A. van Essen, Wim Van Hecke, Caroline van Heugten, Dominique Van Praag, Ernest van Veen, Roel P.J. van Wijk, Thijs Vande Vyvere, Alessia Vargiolu, Emmanuel Vega, Kimberley Velt, Jan Verheyden, Paul M. Vespa, Anne Vik, Rimantas Vilcinis, Victor Volovici, Nicole von Steinbüchel, Daphne Voormolen, Peter Vulekovic, Kevin K.W. Wang, Eveline Wiegers, Guy Williams, Stefan Winzeck, Stefan Wolf, Zhihui Yang, Peter Ylén, Alexander Younsi, Frederick A. Zeiler, Veronika Zelinkova, Agate Ziverte, and Tommaso Zoerle

Subjects
Traumatic brain injury, Blood biomarkers, GFAP, NFL, UCH-L1, Outcomes, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Summary: Background: Traumatic brain injury is conventionally categorised as mild, moderate, or severe on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Recently developed biomarkers can provide more objective and nuanced measures of the extent of brain injury. Methods: Exposure–response relationships were investigated in 2479 patients aged ≥16 enrolled in the Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury (CENTER-TBI) prospective observational cohort study. Neurofilament protein-light (NFL), ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were assayed from serum sampled in the first 24 h; concentrations were divided into quintiles within GCS severity groups. Relationships with the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended were examined using modified Poisson regression including age, sex, major extracranial injury, time to sample, and log biomarker concentration as covariates. Findings: Within severity groups there were associations between biomarkers and outcomes after adjustment for covariates: GCS 13–15 and negative CT imaging (relative risks [RRs] from 1.28 to 3.72), GCS 13–15 and positive CT (1.21–2.81), GCS 9–12 (1.16–2.02), GCS 3–8 (1.09–1.94). RRs were associated with clinically important differences in expectations of prognosis. In patients with GCS 3 (RRs 1.51–1.80) percentages of unfavourable outcome were 37–51% in the lowest quintiles of biomarker levels and reached 90–94% in the highest quintiles. Similarly, for GCS 15 (RRs 1.83–3.79), the percentages were 2–4% and 19–28% in the lowest and highest biomarker quintiles, respectively. Interpretation: Conventional TBI severity classification is inadequate and underestimates heterogeneity of brain injury and associated outcomes. The adoption of circulating biomarkers can add to clinical assessment of injury severity. Funding: European Union 7th Framework program (EC grant 602150), Hannelore Kohl Stiftung, One Mind, Integra LifeSciences, Neuro-Trauma Sciences, NIHR Rosetrees Trust.

Published
2024
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30. Search for Majoron-like particles with CUPID-0

Author

Collaboration, CUPID-0, Azzolini, O., Beeman, J. W., Bellini, F., Beretta, M., Biassoni, M., Brofferio, C., Bucci, C., Capelli, S., Caracciolo, V., Cardani, L., Carniti, P., Casali, N., Celi, E., Chiesa, D., Clemenza, M., Colantoni, I., Cremonesi, O., Cruciani, A., D'Addabbo, A., Dafinei, I., Di Domizio, S., Dompè, V., Fantini, G., Ferroni, F., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Gorla, P., Gotti, C., Keppel, G., Kotila, J., Martinez, M., Nagorny, S., Nastasi, M., Nisi, S., Nones, C., Orlandi, D., Pagnanini, L., Pallavicini, M., Pattavina, L., Pavan, M., Pessina, G., Pettinacci, V., Pirro, S., Pozzi, S., Previtali, E., Puiu, A., Ressa, A., Rusconi, C., Schäffner, K., Tomei, C., Vignati, M., and Zolotarova, A. S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We present the first search for the Majoron-emitting modes of the neutrinoless double $\beta$ decay ($0\nu\beta\beta\chi_0$) using scintillating cryogenic calorimeters. We analysed the CUPID-0 Phase I data using a Bayesian approach to reconstruct the background sources activities, and evaluate the potential contribution of the $^{82}$Se $0\nu\beta\beta\chi_0$. We considered several possible theoretical models which predict the existence of a Majoron-like boson coupling to the neutrino. The energy spectra arising from the emission of such bosons in the neutrinoless double $\beta$ decay have spectral indices $n=$ 1, 2, 3 or 7. We found no evidence of any of these decay modes, setting a lower limit (90% of credibility interval) on the half-life of 1.2 $\times$ 10$^{23}$ yr in the case of $n=$ 1, 3.8 $\times$ 10$^{22}$ yr for $n=$ 2, 1.4 $\times$ 10$^{22}$ yr for $n=$ 3 and 2.2 $\times$ 10$^{21}$ yr for $n=$ 7. These are the best limits on the $0\nu\beta\beta\chi_0$ half-life of the $^{82}$Se, and demonstrate the potentiality of the CUPID-0 technology in this field.

Published
2022
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31. Sensitivity projections for a dual-phase argon TPC optimized for light dark matter searches through the ionization channel

Author

Agnes, P., Ahmad, I., Albergo, S., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Alexander, T., Alton, A. K., Amaudruz, P., Corona, M. Atzori, Auty, D. J., Ave, M., Avetisov, I. Ch., Avetisov, R. I., Azzolini, O., Back, H. O., Balmforth, Z., Barbarian, V., Olmedo, A. Barrado, Barrillon, P., Basco, A., Batignani, G., Berzin, E., Bondar, A., Bonivento, W. M., Borisova, E., Bottino, B., Boulay, M. G., Buccino, G., Bussino, S., Busto, J., Buzulutskov, A., Cadeddu, M., Cadoni, M., Caminata, A., Canci, N., Capra, A., Caprioli, S., Caravati, M., Cárdenas-Montes, M., Cargioli, N., Carlini, M., Castello, P., Cataudella, V., Cavalcante, P., Cavuoti, S., Cebrian, S., Ruiz, J. M. Cela, Chashin, S., Chepurnov, A., Chyhyrynets, E, Cicalò, C., Cifarelli, L., Cintas, D., Cocco, V., Vilda, E. Conde, Consiglio, L., Copello, S., Covone, G., Cross, S., Czudak, P., D'Aniello, M., D'Auria, S., Rolo, M. D. Da Rocha, Dadoun, O., Daniel, M., Davini, S., De Candia, A., De Cecco, S., De Falco, A., De Filippis, G., De Gruttola, D., De Pasquale, S., De Rosa, G., Dellacasa, G., Derbin, A. V., Devoto, A., Di Capua, F., Di Noto, L., Di Stefano, P., Dionisi, C., Dolganov, G., Dordei, F., Doria, L., Erjavec, T., Diaz, M. Fernandez, Fiorillo, G., Franceschi, A., Franchini, P., Franco, D., Frolov, E., Funicello, N., Gabriele, F., Gahan, D., Galbiati, C., Gallina, G., Gallus, G., Garbini, M., Abia, P. Garcia, Gendotti, A., Ghiano, C., Giampaolo, R. A., Giganti, C., Giorgi, M. A., Giovanetti, G. K., Casanueva, V. Goicoechea, Gola, A., Gorman, D., Diaz, R. Graciani, Grauso, G., di Cortona, G. Grilli, Grobov, A., Gromov, M., Guan, M., Guerzoni, M., Gulino, M., Guo, C., Hackett, B. R., Hall, J. B., Hallin, A. L., Hamer, A., Helton, H., Haranczyk, M., Hessel, T., Hill, S., Horikawa, S., Hubaut, F., Hugues, T., Hungerford, E. V., Ianni, An., Ippolito, V., Jillings, C., Kachru, P., Kemp, A. A., Kendziora, C. L., Keppel, G., Khomyakov, A. V., Kimura, M., Kochanek, I., Kondo, K., Korga, G., Koulosousas, S., Kubankin, A., Kuss, M., Kuźniak, M., La Commara, M., Lai, M., Guirriec, E. Le, Leason, E., Li, X., Lidey, L., Lipp, J., Lissia, M., Longo, G., Luzzi, L., Macfadyen, O., Machulin, I. N., Manthos, I., Mapelli, L., Margotti, A., Mari, S. M., Mariani, C., Maricic, J., Marini, A., Martínez, M., Martoff, C. J., Masoni, A., Mavrokoridis, K., Mazzi, A., McDonald, A. B., Messina, A., Milincic, R., Moggi, A., Moharana, A., Monroe, J., Morrocchi, M., Mozhevitina, E. N., Mróz, T., Muratova, V. N., Muscas, C., Musico, P., Nania, R., Napolitano, T., Nessi, M., Nieradka, G., Nikolopoulos, K., Nikulin, I., Nowak, J., Olchansky, K., Oleinik, A., Oleynikov, V., Organtini, P., de Solórzano, A. Ortiz, Pagani, L., Pallavicini, M., Pandola, L., Pantic, E., Paoloni, E., Paternoster, G., Pegoraro, P. A., Pelczar, K., Pellegrino, C., Perotti, F., Pesudo, V., Piacentini, S., Pietropaolo, F., Pino, N., Pira, C., Pocar, A., Poehlmann, D. M., Pordes, S., Pralavorio, P., Price, D., Raffaelli, F., Ragusa, F., Ramachers, Y., Ramirez, A., Razeti, M., Razeto, A., Renshaw, A. L., Rescigno, M., Resnati, F., Retiere, F., Rignanese, L. P., Ripoli, C., Rivetti, A., Roberts, A., Roberts, C., Rode, J., Rogers, G., Romero, L., Rossi, M., Rubbia, A., Sadashivajois, S., Saffold, T. R., Samoylov, O., Sandford, E., Sanfilippo, S., Santone, D., Santorelli, R., Savarese, C., Scapparone, E., Scioli, G., Semenov, D. A., Shchagin, A., Sheshukov, A., Simeone, M., Skensved, P., Skorokhvatov, M. D., Smirnov, O., Smirnova, T., Smith, B., Sokolov, A., Spangenberg, M., Stefanizzi, R., Steri, A., Stracka, S., Strickland, V., Stringer, M., Sulis, S., Sung, A., Suvorov, Y., Szelc, A. M., Türkoğ, C., Tartaglia, R., Taylor, A., Taylor, J., Tedesco, S., Testera, G., Thieme, K., Thorpe, T. N., Tonazzo, A., Torres-Lara, S., Tricomi, A., Unzhakov, E. V., John, T. Vallivilayil, Van Uffelen, M., Viant, T., Viel, S., Vishneva, A., Vogelaar, R. B., Vossebeld, J., Wada, M., Walczak, M. B., Wang, Y., Westerdale, S., Wheadon, R. J., Williams, L., Wingerter-Seez, I., Wojaczyński, R., Wojcik, Ma. M., Wojcik, Ma., Wright, T., Xie, Y., Yang, C., Zabihi, A., Zakhary, P., Zani, A., Zichichi, A., Zuzel, G., and Zykova, M. P.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Dark matter lighter than 10 GeV/c$^2$ encompasses a promising range of candidates. A conceptual design for a new detector, DarkSide-LowMass, is presented, based on the DarkSide-50 detector and progress toward DarkSide-20k, optimized for a low-threshold electron-counting measurement. Sensitivity to light dark matter is explored for various potential energy thresholds and background rates. These studies show that DarkSide-LowMass can achieve sensitivity to light dark matter down to the solar neutrino floor for GeV-scale masses and significant sensitivity down to 10 MeV/c$^2$ considering the Migdal effect or interactions with electrons. Requirements for optimizing the detector's sensitivity are explored, as are potential sensitivity gains from modeling and mitigating spurious electron backgrounds that may dominate the signal at the lowest energies.

Published
2022
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32. Final Result on the Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay of $^{82}$Se with CUPID-0

Author

Azzolini, O., Beeman, J. W., Bellini, F., Beretta, M., Biassoni, M., Brofferio, C., Bucci, C., Capelli, S., Caracciolo, V., Cardani, L., Carniti, P., Casali, N., Chiesa, D., Clemenza, M., Colantoni, I., Cremonesi, O., Cruciani, A., D'Addabbo, A., Dafinei, I., De Dominics, F., Di Domizio, S., Ferroni, F., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Gorla, P., Gotti, C., Keppel, G., Martinez, M., Nagorny, S., Nastasi, M., Nisi, S., Nones, C., Orlandi, D., Pagnanini, L., Pallavicini, M., Pattavina, L., Pavan, M., Pessina, G., Pettinacci, V., Pirro, S., Pozzi, S., Previtali, E., Puiu, A., Rusconi, C., Schaeffner, K., Tomei, C., Vignati, M., and Zolotarova, A. S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

CUPID-0, an array of Zn$^{82}$Se cryogenic calorimeters, was the first medium-scale demonstrator of the scintillating bolometers technology. The first project phase (March 2017 - December 2018) allowed the most stringent limit on the neutrinoless double beta decay half-life of the isotope of interest, $^{82}$Se, to be set. After a six months long detector upgrade, CUPID-0 began its second and last phase (June 2019 - February 2020). In this letter, we describe the search for neutrinoless double beta decay of $^{82}$Se with a total exposure (phase I + II) of 8.82 kg$\times$yr of isotope. We set a limit on the half-life of $^{82}$Se to the ground state of $^{82}$Kr of T$^{0\nu}_{1/2}$($^{82}$Se)$>$ 4.6$\times \mathrm{10}^{24}$ yr (90\% credible interval), corresponding to an effective Majorana neutrino mass m$_{\beta\beta} <$ (263 -- 545) meV. We also set the most stringent lower limits on the neutrinoless decays of $^{82}$Se to the 0$_1^+$, 2$_1^+$ and 2$_2^+$ excited states of $^{82}$Kr, finding 1.8$\times$10$^{23}$ yr, 3.0$\times$10$^{23}$ yr, 3.2$\times$10$^{23}$ yr (90$\%$ credible interval) respectively.

Published
2022
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33. Status and prospects of discovery of 0??? decay with the CUORE detector

Author

Adams, DQ, Alduino, C, Alfonso, K, Avignone, FTIII, Azzolini, O, Bari, G, Bellini, F, Benato, G, Beretta, M, Biassoni, M, Branca, A, Brofferio, C, Bucci, C, Camilleri, J, Caminata, A, Campani, A, Canonica, L, Cao, XG, Capelli, S, Capelli, C, Cappelli, L, Cardani, L, Carniti, P, Casali, N, Celi, E, Chiesa, D, Clemenza, M, Copello, S, Cremonesi, O, Creswick, RJ, D'Addabbo, A, Dafinei, I, Del Corso, F, Dell'Oro, S, Di Domizio, S, Di Lorenzo, S, Dompe, V, Fang, DQ, Fantini, G, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Ferroni, F, Fiorini, E, Franceschi, MA, Freedman, SJ, Fu, SH, Fujikawa, BK, Ghislandi, S, Giachero, A, Gianvecchio, A, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Gutierrez, TD, Han, K, Hansen, EV, Heeger, KM, Huang, RG, Huang, HZ, Johnston, J, Keppel, G, Kolomensky, Yu G, Kowalski, R, Ligi, C, Liu, R, Ma, L, Ma, YG, Marini, L, Maruyama, RH, Mayer, D, Mei, Y, Morganti, S, Napolitano, T, Nastasi, M, Nikkel, J, Nones, C, Norman, EB, Nucciotti, A, Nutini, I, O'Donnell, T, Olmi, M, Ouellet, JL, Pagan, S, Pagliarone, CE, Pagnanini, L, Pallavicini, M, Pattavina, L, Pavan, M, Pessina, G, Pettinacci, V, Pira, C, Pirro, S, Ponce, I, Pozzi, S, Previtali, E, Puiu, A, Quitadamo, S, Ressa, A, and Rosenfeld, C

Subjects
Astronomy & Astrophysics, Geophysics, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract

In this contribution we present the achievements of the CUORE experiment so far. It is the first tonne-scale bolometric detector and it is in stable data taking since 2018. We reached to collect about 1800 kg×yr of exposure of which more than 1 ton×year have been analysed. The CUORE detector is meant to search for the neutrinoless double β decay (0νββ) of the 130Te isotope. This is a beyond Standard Model process which could establish the nature of the neutrino to be Dirac or a Majorana particle. It is an alternative mode of the two-neutrinos double β decay, a rare decay which have been precisely measured by CUORE in the 130Te. We found no evidence of the 0νββ and we set a Bayesian lower limit of 2.2 ×1025yr on its half-life. The expertise achieved by CUORE set a milestone for any future bolometric detector, including CUPID, which is the planned next generation experiment searching for 0νββ with scintillating bolometers.

Published
2023

34. Latest Results from the CUORE Experiment

Author

Nutini, I, Adams, DQ, Alduino, C, Alfonso, K, Avignone, FT, Azzolini, O, Bari, G, Bellini, F, Benato, G, Beretta, M, Biassoni, M, Branca, A, Brofferio, C, Bucci, C, Camilleri, J, Caminata, A, Campani, A, Canonica, L, Cao, XG, Capelli, S, Cappelli, L, Cardani, L, Carniti, P, Casali, N, Celi, E, Chiesa, D, Clemenza, M, Copello, S, Cremonesi, O, Creswick, RJ, D’Addabbo, A, Dafinei, I, Dell’Oro, S, Domizio, SD, Dompè, V, Fang, DQ, Fantini, G, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Ferroni, F, Fiorini, E, Franceschi, MA, Freedman, SJ, Fu, SH, Fujikawa, BK, Ghislandi, S, Giachero, A, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Gutierrez, TD, Han, K, Hansen, EV, Heeger, KM, Huang, RG, Huang, HZ, Johnston, J, Keppel, G, Kolomensky, YG, Kowalski, R, Ligi, C, Liu, R, Ma, L, Ma, YG, Marini, L, Maruyama, RH, Mayer, D, Mei, Y, Moggi, N, Morganti, S, Napolitano, T, Nastasi, M, Nikkel, J, Nones, C, Norman, EB, Nucciotti, A, O’Donnell, T, Ouellet, JL, Pagan, S, Pagliarone, CE, Pagnanini, L, Pallavicini, M, Pattavina, L, Pavan, M, Pessina, G, Pettinacci, V, Pira, C, Pirro, S, Pozzi, S, Previtali, E, Puiu, A, Quitadamo, S, Rosenfeld, C, Rusconi, C, Sakai, M, Sangiorgio, S, Schmidt, B, Scielzo, ND, and Sharma, V

Subjects
Mathematical Physics, Classical Physics, Condensed Matter Physics, General Physics, Classical physics, Condensed matter physics
Abstract

The Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) is the first cryogenic experiment searching for 0 νββ decay that has been able to reach the one-tonne mass scale. The detector, located at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso (LNGS) in Italy, consists of an array of 988 TeO 2 crystals arranged in a compact cylindrical structure of 19 towers. CUORE began its first physics data run in 2017 at a base temperature of about 10 mK and in April 2021 released its 3 rd result of the search for 0 νββ, corresponding to a tonne-year of TeO 2 exposure. This is the largest amount of data ever acquired with a solid state detector and the most sensitive measurement of 0 νββ decay in 130Te ever conducted. We present the current status of CUORE search for 0 νββ with the updated statistics of one tonne-yr. We finally give an update of the CUORE background model and the measurement of the 130Te 2 νββ decay half-life and decay to excited states of 130Xe , studies performed using an exposure of 300.7 kg yr.

Published
2022

35. Expected sensitivity to 128Te neutrinoless double beta decay with the CUORE TeO2 cryogenic bolometers

Author

Dompè, V, Adams, DQ, Alduino, C, Alfonso, K, Avignone, FT, Azzolini, O, Bari, G, Bellini, F, Benato, G, Beretta, M, Biassoni, M, Branca, A, Brofferio, C, Bucci, C, Camilleri, J, Caminata, A, Campani, A, Canonica, L, Cao, XG, Capelli, S, Cappelli, L, Cardani, L, Carniti, P, Casali, N, Celi, E, Chiesa, D, Clemenza, M, Copello, S, Cremonesi, O, Creswick, RJ, D’Addabbo, A, Dafinei, I, Dell’Oro, S, Di Domizio, S, Di Lorenzo, S, Fang, DQ, Fantini, G, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Ferroni, F, Fiorini, E, Franceschi, MA, Freedman, SJ, Fu, SH, Fujikawa, BK, Ghislandi, S, Giachero, A, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Gutierrez, TD, Han, K, Hansen, EV, Heeger, KM, Huang, RG, Huang, HZ, Johnston, J, Keppel, G, Kolomensky, Yu G, Kowalski, R, Ligi, C, Liu, R, Ma, L, Ma, YG, Marini, L, Maruyama, RH, Mayer, D, Mei, Y, Moggi, N, Morganti, S, Napolitano, T, Nastasi, M, Nikkel, J, Nones, C, Norman, EB, Nucciotti, A, Nutini, I, O’Donnell, T, Olmi, M, Ouellet, JL, Pagan, S, Pagliarone, CE, Pagnanini, L, Pallavicini, M, Pattavina, L, Pavan, M, Pessina, G, Pettinacci, V, Pira, C, Pirro, S, Pozzi, S, Previtali, E, Puiu, A, Quitadamo, S, Ressa, A, Rosenfeld, C, Rusconi, C, Sakai, M, and Sangiorgio, S

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, Neutrinoless double beta decay, Tellurium, 128-Te, Cryogenic bolometers, Mathematical Physics, Classical Physics, Condensed Matter Physics, General Physics, Classical physics, Condensed matter physics
Abstract

The CUORE experiment is a ton-scale array of TeO 2 cryogenic bolometers located at the underground Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso of Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), in Italy. The CUORE detector consists of 988 crystals operated as source and detector at a base temperature of ∼ 10 mK. Such cryogenic temperature is reached and maintained by means of a custom built cryogen-free dilution cryostat, designed with the aim of minimizing the vibrational noise and the environmental radioactivity. The primary goal of CUORE is the search for neutrinoless double beta decay of 130Te , but thanks to its large target mass and ultra-low background it is suitable for the study of other rare processes as well, such as the neutrinoless double beta decay of 128Te. This tellurium isotope is an attractive candidate for the search of this process, due to its high natural isotopic abundance of 31.75%. The transition energy at (866.7 ± 0.7) keV lies in a highly populated region of the energy spectrum, dominated by the contribution of the two-neutrino double beta decay of 130Te. As the first ton-scale infrastructure operating cryogenic TeO 2 bolometers in stable conditions, CUORE is able to achieve a factor > 10 higher sensitivity to the neutrinoless double beta decay of this isotope with respect to past direct experiments.

Published
2022

36. Machine Learning Techniques for Pile-Up Rejection in Cryogenic Calorimeters

Author

Fantini, G, Armatol, A, Armengaud, E, Armstrong, W, Augier, C, Avignone, FT, Azzolini, O, Barabash, A, Bari, G, Barresi, A, Baudin, D, Bellini, F, Benato, G, Beretta, M, Bergé, L, Biassoni, M, Billard, J, Boldrini, V, Branca, A, Brofferio, C, Bucci, C, Camilleri, J, Capelli, S, Cappelli, L, Cardani, L, Carniti, P, Casali, N, Cazes, A, Celi, E, Chang, C, Chapellier, M, Charrier, A, Chiesa, D, Clemenza, M, Colantoni, I, Collamati, F, Copello, S, Cova, F, Cremonesi, O, Creswick, RJ, Cruciani, A, D’Addabbo, A, D’Imperio, G, Dafinei, I, Danevich, FA, de Combarieu, M, De Jesus, M, de Marcillac, P, Dell’Oro, S, Domizio, S Di, Dompè, V, Drobizhev, A, Dumoulin, L, Fasoli, M, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Ferri, F, Ferroni, F, Figueroa-Feliciano, E, Formaggio, J, Franceschi, A, Fu, C, Fu, S, Fujikawa, BK, Gascon, J, Giachero, A, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Gras, P, Gros, M, Gutierrez, TD, Han, K, Hansen, EV, Heeger, KM, Helis, DL, Huang, HZ, Huang, RG, Imbert, L, Johnston, J, Juillard, A, Karapetrov, G, Keppel, G, Khalife, H, Kobychev, VV, Kolomensky, Yu G, Konovalov, S, Liu, Y, Loaiza, P, Ma, L, Madhukuttan, M, Mancarella, F, Mariam, R, Marini, L, Marnieros, S, Martinez, M, Maruyama, RH, Mauri, B, and Mayer, D

Subjects
Convolutional neural networks, Machine learning, Cryogenic calorimeters, CUPID, Neutrinoless double beta decay, Majorana, Pile-up, Mathematical Physics, Classical Physics, Condensed Matter Physics, General Physics
Abstract

CUORE Upgrade with Particle IDentification (CUPID) is a foreseen ton-scale array of Li2MoO4 (LMO) cryogenic calorimeters with double readout of heat and light signals. Its scientific goal is to fully explore the inverted hierarchy of neutrino masses in the search for neutrinoless double beta decay of 100Mo. Pile-up of standard double beta decay of the candidate isotope is a relevant background. We generate pile-up heat events via injection of Joule heater pulses with a programmable waveform generator in a small array of LMO crystals operated underground in the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy. This allows to label pile-up pulses and control both time difference and underlying amplitudes of individual heat pulses in the data. We present the performance of supervised learning classifiers on data and the attained pile-up rejection efficiency.

Published
2022

37. Atypical cancer risk profile in carriers of Italian founder BRCA1 variant p.His1673del: Implications for classification and clinical management

Author

Giovanni Innella, Cristina Fortuno, Laura Caleca, Bing‐Jian Feng, Courtney Carroll, Michael T. Parsons, Sara Miccoli, Marco Montagna, Daniele Calistri, Laura Cortesi, Barbara Pasini, Siranoush Manoukian, Daniela Giachino, Laura Matricardi, Maria Cristina Foti, Valentina Zampiga, Claudia Piombino, Elena Barbieri, Francesca Vignolo Lutati, Jacopo Azzolini, Rita Danesi, Valentina Arcangeli, Sandrine M. Caputo, Nadia Boutry‐Kryza, Vincent Goussot, Susan Hiraki, Marcy Richardson, Hereditary Breast/Ovarian Cancer IOV network (HBOC IOVnet), Simona Ferrari, Paolo Radice, Amanda B. Spurdle, and Daniela Turchetti

Subjects
BRCA1, breast cancer, cancer risk, classification, clinical management, ovarian cancer, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Abstract Background BRCA1:c.5017_5019del (p.His1673del) is a founder variant relatively frequent in Northern Italy. Despite previous suggestion of pathogenicity, variant classification in public databases is still conflicting, needing additional evidence. Methods Maximum likelihood penetrance of breast/ovarian and other cancer types was estimated using full pedigree data from 53 informative Italian families. The effect of the variant on BRCA1‐ABRAXAS1 interaction was assessed using a GFP‐fragment reassembly‐based PPI assay. Results were combined with additional data from multiple sources to classify the variant according to ACMG/AMP classification rules specified for BRCA1/2. Results Variant‐carriers displayed increased risk for ovarian cancer (HR = 33.0, 95% CI = 7.0–155.0; cumulative risk at age 70 = 27.6%, 95% CI = 12.6–40.0%) but not for breast cancer (HR = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.2–2.2). An increased risk of uterine cancer (HR = 8.0, 95% CI = 1.03–61.6) emerged, warranting further evaluation. Likelihood‐ratio in favor of pathogenicity was 98898642.82 under assumption of standard BRCA1 breast and ovarian penetrance, and 104240832.84 after excluding breast cancer diagnoses (based on penetrance results). Functional analysis demonstrated that the variant abrogates the BRCA1‐ABRAXAS1 binding, supporting the PS3 code assignment within the ACMG/AMP rule‐based model. Collectively, these findings allowed to classify the variant as pathogenic. Conclusion Pathogenicity of BRCA1:c.5017_5019del(p.His1673del) has been confirmed; however, breast cancer risk in Italian families is not increased, unlike in families from other countries and in carriers of most BRCA1 pathogenic variants. The knowledge of atypical risk profiles for this and other variants will pave the way for personalized management based on specific genotype.

Published
2024
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38. Interleukin-10 contrasts inflammatory synaptopathy and central neurodegenerative damage in multiple sclerosis

Author

Luana Gilio, Diego Fresegna, Mario Stampanoni Bassi, Alessandra Musella, Francesca De Vito, Sara Balletta, Krizia Sanna, Silvia Caioli, Luigi Pavone, Giovanni Galifi, Ilaria Simonelli, Livia Guadalupi, Valentina Vanni, Fabio Buttari, Ettore Dolcetti, Antonio Bruno, Federica Azzolini, Angela Borrelli, Roberta Fantozzi, Annamaria Finardi, Roberto Furlan, Diego Centonze, and Georgia Mandolesi

Subjects
multiple sclerosis, interleukin-10, interleukin-1β, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), GABA transmission, glutamate transmission, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

Proinflammatory cytokines are implicated in promoting neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS) by affecting excitatory and inhibitory transmission at central synapses. Conversely, the synaptic effects of anti-inflammatory molecules remain underexplored, despite their potential neuroprotective properties and their presence in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients. In a study involving 184 newly diagnosed relapsing–remitting (RR)-MS patients, we investigated whether CSF levels of the anti-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-10 were linked to disease severity and neurodegeneration measures. Additionally, we examined IL-10 impact on synaptic transmission in striatal medium spiny neurons and its role in counteracting inflammatory synaptopathy induced by IL-1β in female C57BL/6 mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Our findings revealed a significant positive correlation between IL-10 CSF levels and changes in EDSS (Expanded Disability Status Scale) scores one year after MS diagnosis. Moreover, IL-10 levels in the CSF were positively correlated with volumes of specific subcortical brain structures, such as the nucleus caudate. In both MS patients’ CSF and EAE mice striatum, IL-10 and IL-1β expressions were upregulated, suggesting possible antagonistic effects of these cytokines. Notably, IL-10 exhibited the ability to decrease glutamate transmission, increase GABA transmission in the striatum, and reverse IL-1β-induced abnormal synaptic transmission in EAE. In conclusion, our data suggest that IL-10 exerts direct neuroprotective effects in MS patients by modulating both excitatory and inhibitory transmission and attenuating IL-1β-induced inflammatory synaptopathy. These findings underscore the potential therapeutic significance of IL-10 in mitigating neurodegeneration in MS.

Published
2024
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39. Spontaneous rupture of a splenic artery pseudo-aneurysm post sleeve gastrectomy: case report

Author

Filippo Taddei, Anna Furlan, Valentina Azzolini, Federica Pitoni, and Ciro Paolillo

Subjects
Pseudo-aneurysm, splenic artery, hemorrhagic shock, sleeve gastrectomy, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Pseudo-aneurysm of the splenic artery is a rare phenomenon in young males without risk factors and its rupture represents a true emergency. This condition is difficult to diagnose because the symptomatology is often blurred and not straight. Diagnosis should be as fast as possible to reduce patient mortality. With this case report we would like to report our experience of a successfully managed case of splenic artery pseudo-aneurysm rupture in a young man without risk factors and with a history of sleeve gastrectomy.

Published
2024
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40. Re-emergence of T lymphocyte-mediated synaptopathy in progressive multiple sclerosis

Author

Krizia Sanna, Antonio Bruno, Sara Balletta, Silvia Caioli, Monica Nencini, Diego Fresegna, Livia Guadalupi, Ettore Dolcetti, Federica Azzolini, Fabio Buttari, Roberta Fantozzi, Angela Borrelli, Mario Stampanoni Bassi, Luana Gilio, Gianluca Lauritano, Valentina Vanni, Francesca De Vito, Alice Tartacca, Fabrizio Mariani, Valentina Rovella, Alessandra Musella, Diego Centonze, and Georgia Mandolesi

Subjects
secondary progressive multiple sclerosis, neurodegeneration, sphingosine receptor modulators, lymphocyte-mediated synaptopathy, neuroinflammation, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

BackgroundSecondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) is defined by the irreversible accumulation of disability following a relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) course. Despite treatments advances, a reliable tool able to capture the transition from RRMS to SPMS is lacking. A T cell chimeric MS model demonstrated that T cells derived from relapsing patients exacerbate excitatory transmission of central neurons, a synaptotoxic event absent during remitting stages. We hypothesized the re-emergence of T cell synaptotoxicity during SPMS and investigated the synaptoprotective effects of siponimod, a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) modulator, known to reduce grey matter damage in SPMS patients.MethodsData from healthy controls (HC), SPMS patients, and siponimod-treated SPMS patients were collected. Chimeric experiments were performed incubating human T cells on murine cortico-striatal slices, and recording spontaneous glutamatergic activity from striatal neurons. Homologous chimeric experiments were executed incubating EAE mice T cells with siponimod and specific S1PR agonists or antagonists to identify the receptor involved in siponimod-mediated synaptic recovery.ResultsSPMS patient-derived T cells significantly increased the striatal excitatory synaptic transmission (n=40 synapses) compared to HC T cells (n=55 synapses), mimicking the glutamatergic alterations observed in active RRMS-T cells. Siponimod treatment rescued SPMS T cells synaptotoxicity (n=51 synapses). Homologous chimeric experiments highlighted S1P5R involvement in the siponimod’s protective effects.ConclusionTransition from RRMS to SPMS involves the reappearance of T cell-mediated synaptotoxicity. Siponimod counteracts T cell-induced excitotoxicity, emphasizing the significance of inflammatory synaptopathy in progressive MS and its potential as a promising pharmacological target.

Published
2024
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41. An Energy-dependent Electro-thermal Response Model of CUORE Cryogenic Calorimeter

Author

CUORE Collaboration, Adams, D. Q., Alduino, C., Alfonso, K., Avignone III, F. T., Azzolini, O., Bari, G., Bellini, F., Benato, G., Beretta, M., Biassoni, M., Branca, A., Brofferio, C., Bucci, C., Camilleri, J., Caminata, A., Campani, A., Canonica, L., Cao, X. G., Capelli, S., Capelli, C., Cappelli, L., Cardani, L., Carniti, P., Casali, N., Celi, E., Chiesa, D., Clemenza, M., Copello, S., Cremonesi, O., Creswick, R. J., D'Addabbo, A., Dafinei, I., Del Corso, F., Dell'Oro, S., Di Domizio, S., Di Lorenzo, S., Dompè, V., Fang, D. Q., Fantini, G., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Ferroni, F., Fiorini, E., Franceschi, M. A., Freedman, S. J., Fu, S. H., Fujikawa, B. K., Ghislandi, S., Giachero, A., Gianvecchio, A., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Gorla, P., Gotti, C., Gutierrez, T. D., Han, K., Hansen, E. V., Heeger, K. M., Huang, R. G., Huang, H. Z., Johnston, J., Keppel, G., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Kowalski, R., Li, M., Liu, R., Ma, L., Ma, Y. G., Marini, L., Maruyama, R. H., Mayer, D., Mei, Y., Morganti, S., Napolitano, T., Nastasi, M., Nikkel, J., Nones, C., Norman, E. B., Nucciotti, A., Nutini, I., O'Donnell, T., Olmi, M., Ouellet, J. L., Pagan, S., Pagliarone, C. E., Pagnanini, L., Pallavicini, M., Pattavina, L., Pavan, M., Pessina, G., Pettinacci, V., Pira, C., Pirro, S., Pozzi, S., Previtali, E., Puiu, A., Quitadamo, S., Ressa, A., Rosenfeld, C., Sangiorgio, S., Schmidt, B., Scielzo, N. D., Sharma, V., Singh, V., Sisti, M., Speller, D., Surukuchi, P. T., Taffarello, L., Terranova, F., Tomei, C., Vetter, K. J., Vignati, M., Wagaarachchi, S. L., Wang, B. S., Welliver, B., Wilson, J., Wilson, K., Winslow, L. A., Zimmermann, S., and Zucchelli, S.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) is the most sensitive experiment searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) in $^{130}\text{Te}$. CUORE uses a cryogenic array of 988 TeO$_2$ calorimeters operated at $\sim$10 mK with a total mass of 741 kg. To further increase the sensitivity, the detector response must be well understood. Here, we present a non-linear thermal model for the CUORE experiment on a detector-by-detector basis. We have examined both equilibrium and dynamic electro-thermal models of detectors by numerically fitting non-linear differential equations to the detector data of a subset of CUORE channels which are well characterized and representative of all channels. We demonstrate that the hot-electron effect and electric-field dependence of resistance in NTD-Ge thermistors alone are inadequate to describe our detectors' energy dependent pulse shapes. We introduce an empirical second-order correction factor in the exponential temperature dependence of the thermistor, which produces excellent agreement with energy-dependent pulse shape data up to 6 MeV. We also present a noise analysis using the fitted thermal parameters and show that the intrinsic thermal noise is negligible compared to the observed noise for our detectors., Comment: 34 pages, 14 figures, 6 tables

Published
2022

42. New direct limit on neutrinoless double beta decay half-life of $^{128}$Te with CUORE

Author

Adams, D. Q., Alduino, C., Alfonso, K., Avignone III, F. T., Azzolini, O., Bari, G., Bellini, F., Benato, G., Beretta, M., Biassoni, M., Branca, A., Brofferio, C., Bucci, C., Camilleri, J., Caminata, A., Campani, A., Canonica, L., Cao, X. G., Capelli, C., Capelli, S., Cappelli, L., Cardani, L., Carniti, P., Casali, N., Celi, E., Chiesa, D., Clemenza, M., Copello, S., Cremonesi, O., Creswick, R. J., D'Addabbo, A., Dafinei, I., Del Corso, F., Dell'Oro, S., Di Domizio, S., Di Lorenzo, S., Dompè, V., Fang, D. Q., Fantini, G., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Ferroni, F., Fiorini, E., Franceschi, M. A., Freedman, S. J., Fu, S. H., Fujikawa, B. K., Ghislandi, S., Giachero, A., Gianvecchio, A., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Gorla, P., Gotti, C., Gutierrez, T. D., Han, K., Hansen, E. V., Heeger, K. M., Huang, R. G., Huang, H. Z., Johnston, J., Keppel, G., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Kowalski, R., Ligi, C., Liu, R., Ma, L., Ma, Y. G., Marini, L., Maruyama, R. H., Mayer, D., Mei, Y., Morganti, S., Napolitano, T., Nastasi, M., Nikkel, J., Nones, C., Norman, E. B., Nucciotti, A., Nutini, I., O'Donnell, T., Olmi, M., Ouellet, J. L., Pagan, S., Pagliarone, C. E., Pagnanini, L., Pallavicini, M., Pattavina, L., Pavan, M., Pessina, G., Pettinacci, V., Pira, C., Pirro, S., Pozzi, S., Previtali, E., Puiu, A., Quitadamo, S., Ressa, A., Rosenfeld, C., Sangiorgio, S., Schmidt, B., Scielzo, N. D., Sharma, V., Singh, V., Sisti, M., Speller, D., Surukuchi, P. T., Taffarello, L., Terranova, F., Tomei, C., Vetter, K. J., Vignati, M., Wagaarachchi, S. L., Wang, B. S., Welliver, B., Wilson, J., Wilson, K., Winslow, L. A., Zimmermann, S., and Zucchelli, S.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso of INFN in Italy is an experiment searching for neutrinoless double beta (0$\nu\beta\beta$) decay. Its main goal is to investigate this decay in $^{130}$Te, but its ton-scale mass and low background make CUORE sensitive to other rare processes as well. In this work, we present our first results on the search for \nbb decay of $^{128}$Te, the Te isotope with the second highest natural isotopic abundance. We find no evidence for this decay, and using a Bayesian analysis we set a lower limit on the $^{128}$Te \nbb decay half-life of T$_{1/2} > 3.6 \times 10^{24}$ yr (90\% CI). This represents the most stringent limit on the half-life of this isotope, improving by over a factor 30 the previous direct search results, and exceeding those from geochemical experiments for the first time.

Published
2022
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43. Search for Neutrinoless $\beta^+EC$ Decay of $^{120}$Te with CUORE

Author

Adams, D. Q., Alduino, C., Alfonso, K., Avignone III, F. T., Azzolini, O., Bari, G., Bellini, F., Benato, G., Beretta, M., Biassoni, M., Branca, A., Brofferio, C., Bucci, C., Camilleri, J., Caminata, A., Campani, A., Canonica, L., Cao, X. G., Capelli, C., Capelli, S., Cappelli, L., Cardani, L., Carniti, P., Casali, N., Celi, E., Chiesa, D., Clemenza, M., Copello, S., Cremonesi, O., Creswick, R. J., D'Addabbo, A., Dafinei, I., Del Corso, F., Dell'Oro, S., Di Domizio, S., Di Lorenzo, S., Dompè, V., Fang, D. Q., Fantini, G., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Ferroni, F., Fiorini, E., Franceschi, M. A., Freedman, S. J., Fu, S. H., Fujikawa, B. K., Ghislandi, S., Giachero, A., Gianvecchio, A., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Gorla, P., Gotti, C., Gutierrez, T. D., Han, K., Hansen, E. V., Heeger, K. M., Huang, R. G., Huang, H. Z., Johnston, J., Keppel, G., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Kowalski, R., Ligi, C., Liu, R., Ma, L., Ma, Y. G., Marini, L., Maruyama, R. H., Mayer, D., Mei, Y., Morganti, S., Napolitano, T., Nastasi, M., Nikkel, J., Nones, C., Norman, E. B., Nucciotti, A., Nutini, I., O'Donnell, T., Olmi, M., Ouellet, J. L., Pagan, S., Pagliarone, C. E., Pagnanini, L., Pallavicini, M., Pattavina, L., Pavan, M., Pessina, G., Pettinacci, V., Pira, C., Pirro, S., Pozzi, S., Previtali, E., Puiu, A., Quitadamo, S., Ressa, A., Rosenfeld, C., Sakai, M., Sangiorgio, S., Schmidt, B., Scielzo, N. D., Sharma, V., Singh, V., Sisti, M., Speller, D., Surukuchi, P. T., Taffarello, L., Terranova, F., Tomei, C., Vetter, K. J., Vignati, M., Wagaarachchi, S. L., Wang, B. S., Welliver, B., Wilson, J., Wilson, K., Winslow, L. A., Zimmermann, S., and Zucchelli, S.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

CUORE is a large scale cryogenic experiment searching for neutrinoless double beta decay ($0\nu\beta\beta$) in $^{130}$Te. The CUORE detector is made of natural tellurium, providing the possibility of rare event searches on isotopes other than $^{130}$Te. In this work we describe a search for neutrinoless positron emitting electron capture ($0\nu\beta^+EC$) decay in $^{120}$Te with a total TeO$_2$ exposure of 355.7 kg $\cdot$ yr, corresponding to 0.2405 kg $\cdot$ yr of $^{120}$Te. Albeit $0 \nu \beta\beta$ with two final state electrons represents the most promising channel, the emission of a positron and two 511-keV $\gamma$s make $0\nu\beta^+EC$ decay signature extremely clear. To fully exploit the potential offered by the detector modularity we include events with different topology and perform a simultaneous fit of five selected signal signatures. Using blinded data we extract a median exclusion sensitivity of $3.4 \cdot 10^{22}$ yr at 90% Credibility Interval (C.I.). After unblinding we find no evidence of $0\nu\beta^+EC$ signal and set a 90% C.I. Bayesian lower limit of $2.9 \cdot 10^{22}$ yr on $^{120}$Te half-life. This result improves by an order of magnitude the existing limit from the combined analysis of CUORE-0 and Cuoricino.

Published
2022
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44. Toward CUPID-1T

Author

Armatol, A., Augier, C., Avignone III, F. T., Azzolini, O., Balata, M., Ballen, K., Barabash, A. S., Bari, G., Barresi, A., Baudin, D., Bellini, F., Benato, G., Beretta, M., Bettelli, M., Biassoni, M., Billard, J., Boldrini, V., Branca, A., Brofferio, C., Bucci, C., Camilleri, J., Capelli, C., Capelli, S., Cappelli, L., Cardani, L., Carniti, P., Casali, N., Celi, E., Chang, C., Chiesa, D., Clemenza, M., Colantoni, I., Copello, S., Craft, E., Cremonesi, O., Creswick, R. J., Cruciani, A., D'Addabbo, A., D'Imperio, G., Dabagov, S., Dafinei, I., De Jesus, M., de Marcillac, P., Dell'Oro, S., Di Domizio, S., Di Lorenzo, S., Dixon, T., Dompè, V., Drobizhev, A., Dumoulin, L., Fantini, G., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Ferri, F., Ferroni, F., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Foggetta, L., Formaggio, J., Franceschi, A., Fu, C., Fu, S., Fujikawa, B. K., Gallas, A., Gascon, J., Ghislandi, S., Giachero, A., Gianvecchio, A., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Gorla, P., Gotti, C., Grant, C., Gras, P., Guillaumon, P. V., Gutierrez, T. D., Han, K., Hansen, E. V., Heeger, K. M., Helis, D., Helis, D. L., Huang, H. Z., Huang, R. G., Imbert, L., Johnston, J., Juillard, A., Karapetrov, G., Keppel, G., Khalife, H., Kobychev, V. V., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Konovalov, S. I., Kowalski, R., Langford, T., Liu, R., Liu, Y., Loaiza, P., Ma, L., Madhukuttan, M., Mancarella, F., Marini, L., Marnieros, S., Martinez, M., Maruyama, R. H., Mauri, B., Mayer, D., Mazzitelli, G., Mei, Y., Milana, S., Morganti, S., Napolitano, T., Nastasi, M., Nikkel, J., Nisi, S., Nones, C., Norman, E. B., Novosad, V., Nutini, I., O'Donnell, T., Olivieri, E., Olmi, M., Ouellet, J. L., Pagan, S., Pagliarone, C., Pagnanini, L., Pattavina, L., Pavan, M., Peng, H., Pessina, G., Pettinacci, V., Pira, C., Pirro, S., Poda, D. V., Polischuk, O. G., Ponce, I., Pozzi, S., Previtali, E., Puiu, A., Quitadamo, S., Ressa, A., Rizzoli, R., Rosenfeld, C., Rosier, P., Scarpaci, J., Schmidt, B., Sharma, V., Shlegel, V., Singh, V., Sisti, M., Slocum, P., Speller, D., Surukuchi, P. T., Taffarello, L., Tomei, C., Torres, J., Tretyak, V. I., Tsymbaliuk, A., Velazquez, M., Vetter, K. J., Wagaarachchi, S. L., Wang, G., Wang, L., Wang, R., Welliver, B., Wilson, J., Wilson, K., Winslow, L. A., Xue, M., Yan, L., Yang, J., Yefremenko, V., Umatov, V. I., Zarytskyy, M. M., Zhang, J., Zolotarova, A., and Zucchelli, S.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Current experiments to search for broken lepton-number symmetry through the observation of neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0\mathrm{\nu\beta\beta}$) provide the most stringent limits on the Majorana nature of neutrinos and the effective Majorana neutrino mass ($m_{\beta\beta}$). The next-generation experiments will focus on the sensitivity to the $0\mathrm{\nu\beta\beta}$ half-life of $\mathcal{O}(10^{27}$--$10^{28}$~years$)$ and $m_{\beta\beta}\lesssim15$~meV, which would provide complete coverage of the so-called Inverted Ordering region of the neutrino mass parameter space. By taking advantage of recent technological breakthroughs, new, future calorimetric experiments at the 1-ton scale can increase the sensitivity by at least another order of magnitude, exploring the large fraction of the parameter space that corresponds to the Normal neutrino mass ordering. In case of a discovery, such experiments could provide important insights toward a new understanding of the mechanism of $0\mathrm{\nu\beta\beta}$. We present here a series of projects underway that will provide advancements in background reduction, cryogenic readout, and physics searches beyond $0\mathrm{\nu\beta\beta}$, all moving toward the next-to-next generation CUPID-1T detector., Comment: contribution to Snowmass 2021

Published
2022

45. New Direct Limit on Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Half-Life of Te128 with CUORE

Author

Adams, DQ, Alduino, C, Alfonso, K, Avignone, FT, Azzolini, O, Bari, G, Bellini, F, Benato, G, Beretta, M, Biassoni, M, Branca, A, Brofferio, C, Bucci, C, Camilleri, J, Caminata, A, Campani, A, Canonica, L, Cao, XG, Capelli, S, Capelli, C, Cappelli, L, Cardani, L, Carniti, P, Casali, N, Celi, E, Chiesa, D, Clemenza, M, Copello, S, Cremonesi, O, Creswick, RJ, D’Addabbo, A, Dafinei, I, Del Corso, F, Dell’Oro, S, Di Domizio, S, Di Lorenzo, S, Dompè, V, Fang, DQ, Fantini, G, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Ferroni, F, Fiorini, E, Franceschi, MA, Freedman, SJ, Fu, SH, Fujikawa, BK, Ghislandi, S, Giachero, A, Gianvecchio, A, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Gutierrez, TD, Han, K, Hansen, EV, Heeger, KM, Huang, RG, Huang, HZ, Johnston, J, Keppel, G, Kolomensky, Yu G, Kowalski, R, Liu, R, Ma, L, G., Y, Marini, L, Maruyama, RH, Mayer, D, Mei, Y, Morganti, S, Napolitano, T, Nastasi, M, Nikkel, J, Nones, C, Norman, EB, Nucciotti, A, Nutini, I, O’Donnell, T, Olmi, M, Ouellet, JL, Pagan, S, Pagliarone, CE, Pagnanini, L, Pallavicini, M, Pattavina, L, Pavan, M, Pessina, G, Pettinacci, V, Pira, C, Pirro, S, Pozzi, S, Previtali, E, Puiu, A, Quitadamo, S, Ressa, A, Rosenfeld, C, Sangiorgio, S, and Schmidt, B

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, Half-Life, Bayes Theorem, Granisetron, CUORE Collaboration, Mathematical Sciences, Engineering, General Physics, Mathematical sciences, Physical sciences
Abstract

The Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso of INFN in Italy is an experiment searching for neutrinoless double beta (0νββ) decay. Its main goal is to investigate this decay in ^{130}Te, but its ton-scale mass and low background make CUORE sensitive to other rare processes as well. In this Letter, we present our first results on the search for 0νββ decay of ^{128}Te, the Te isotope with the second highest natural isotopic abundance. We find no evidence for this decay, and using a Bayesian analysis we set a lower limit on the ^{128}Te 0νββ decay half-life of T_{1/2}>3.6×10^{24}  yr (90% CI). This represents the most stringent limit on the half-life of this isotope, improving by over a factor of 30 the previous direct search results, and exceeding those from geochemical experiments for the first time.

Published
2022

46. An energy-dependent electro-thermal response model of CUORE cryogenic calorimeter

Author

Adams, DQ, Alduino, C, Alfonso, K, Avignone, FT, Azzolini, O, Bari, G, Bellini, F, Benato, G, Beretta, M, Biassoni, M, Branca, A, Brofferio, C, Bucci, C, Camilleri, J, Caminata, A, Campani, A, Canonica, L, Cao, XG, Capelli, S, Capelli, C, Cappelli, L, Cardani, L, Carniti, P, Casali, N, Celi, E, Chiesa, D, Clemenza, M, Copello, S, Cremonesi, O, Creswick, RJ, D'Addabbo, A, Dafinei, I, Del Corso, F, Dell'Oro, S, Di Domizio, S, Di Lorenzo, S, Dompè, V, Fang, DQ, Fantini, G, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Ferroni, F, Fiorini, E, Franceschi, MA, Freedman, SJ, Fu, SH, Fujikawa, BK, Ghislandi, S, Giachero, A, Gianvecchio, A, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Gutierrez, TD, Han, K, Hansen, EV, Heeger, KM, Huang, RG, Huang, HZ, Johnston, J, Keppel, G, Kolomensky, Yu G, Kowalski, R, Li, M, Liu, R, Ma, L, Ma, YG, Marini, L, Maruyama, RH, Mayer, D, Mei, Y, Morganti, S, Napolitano, T, Nastasi, M, Nikkel, J, Nones, C, Norman, EB, Nucciotti, A, Nutini, I, O'Donnell, T, Olmi, M, Ouellet, JL, Pagan, S, Pagliarone, CE, Pagnanini, L, Pallavicini, M, Pattavina, L, Pavan, M, Pessina, G, Pettinacci, V, Pira, C, Pirro, S, Pozzi, S, Previtali, E, Puiu, A, Quitadamo, S, Ressa, A, Rosenfeld, C, and Sangiorgio, S

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, Cryogenic detectors, Detector modelling and simulations I (interaction of radiation with matter, interaction of photons with matter, interaction of hadrons with matter etc), Double-beta decay detectors, Engineering, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Physical sciences
Abstract

The Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) is the most sensitive experiment searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay (0νββ) in 130Te. CUORE uses a cryogenic array of 988 TeO2 calorimeters operated at ∼10 mK with a total mass of 741 kg. To further increase the sensitivity, the detector response must be well understood. Here, we present a non-linear thermal model for the CUORE experiment on a detector-by-detector basis. We have examined both equilibrium and dynamic electro-thermal models of detectors by numerically fitting non-linear differential equations to the detector data of a subset of CUORE channels which are well characterized and representative of all channels. We demonstrate that the hot-electron effect and electric-field dependence of resistance in NTD-Ge thermistors alone are inadequate to describe our detectors' energy-dependent pulse shapes. We introduce an empirical second-order correction factor in the exponential temperature dependence of the thermistor, which produces excellent agreement with energy-dependent pulse shape data up to 6 MeV. We also present a noise analysis using the fitted thermal parameters and show that the intrinsic thermal noise is negligible compared to the observed noise for our detectors.

Published
2022

47. Association of vaccine status, reinfections, and risk factors with Long COVID syndrome

Author

Maria Elena Romero-Ibarguengoitia, Juan Francisco Rodríguez-Torres, Arnulfo Garza-Silva, Andrea Rivera-Cavazos, Devany Paola Morales-Rodriguez, Mauricio Hurtado-Cabrera, Ricardo Kalife-Assad, Diana Villarreal-Parra, Alejandro Loose-Esparza, Juan José Gutiérrez-Arias, Yaressi Guadalupe Mata-Porras, Daniela Abigail Ojeda-Salazar, Miguel Angel Sanz-Sánchez, Arnulfo González-Cantú, Elena Azzolini, and Maria Rescigno

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic had a profound global impact, characterized by a high fatality rate and the emergence of enduring consequences known as Long COVID. Our study sought to determine the prevalence of Long COVID syndrome within a population of Northeastern Mexico, correlating it with patients' comorbidities, number of COVID-19 reinfection, and vaccination status. Employing an observational cross-sectional approach, we administered a comprehensive questionnaire covering medical history, demographics, vaccination status, COVID-related symptoms, and treatment. Our participant cohort included 807 patients, with an average age of 41.5 (SD 13.6) years, and women accounting 59.3% of the cohort. The follow-up was 488 (IQR 456) days. One hundred sixty-eight subjects (20.9%) met Long COVID criteria. Long COVID-19 was more prevalent when subjects had reinfections (p = 0.02) and less frequent when they had a complete vaccination scheme (p = 0.05). Through logistic regression, we found that male gender (OR 0.5, p ≤ 0.001), blood types of AB− (OR 0.48, p = 0.003) and O− (OR 0.27, p ≤ 0.001) in comparison with A+ and two doses of vaccines (OR 0.5, p = 006) to be protective factors against Long COVID; while higher BMI (OR 1.04, p = 0.005) was a risk factor. We saw that the prevalence of Long COVID was different within vaccinated patients and specific blood types, while being female and a higher BMI were associated with an increased risk of having long-COVID.

Published
2024
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48. Physical exercise and synaptic protection in human and pre-clinical models of multiple sclerosis

Author

Federica Azzolini, Ettore Dolcetti, Antonio Bruno, Valentina Rovella, Diego Centonze, and Fabio Buttari

Subjects
disease-modifying behaviour, endocannabinoid system, long-term potentiation, multiple sclerosis, neuroplasticity, neuroprotection, physical exercise, synaptopathy, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

In multiple sclerosis, only immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive drugs are recognized as disease-modifying therapies. However, in recent years, several data from pre-clinical and clinical studies suggested a possible role of physical exercise as disease-modifying therapy in multiple sclerosis. Current evidence is sparse and often conflicting, and the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective and antinflammatory role of exercise in multiple sclerosis have not been fully elucidated. Data, mainly derived from pre-clinical studies, suggest that exercise could enhance long-term potentiation and thus neuroplasticity, could reduce neuroinflammation and synaptopathy, and dampen astrogliosis and microgliosis. In humans, most trials focused on direct clinical and MRI outcomes, as investigating synaptic, neuroinflammatory, and pathological changes is not straightforward compared to animal models. The present review analyzed current evidence and limitations in research concerning the potential disease-modifying therapy effects of exercise in multiple sclerosis in animal models and human studies.

Published
2024
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49. Applying Sensor-Based Phase Identification With AMI Voltage in Distribution Systems

Author

Logan Blakely, Matthew J. Reno, Joseph A. Azzolini, C. Birk Jones, and David Nordy

Subjects
Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), correlations, distribution system, phase identification, sensor, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

Accurate distribution system models are becoming increasingly critical for grid modernization tasks, and inaccurate phase labels are one type of modeling error that can have broad impacts on analyses using the distribution system models. This work demonstrates a phase identification methodology that leverages advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) data and additional data streams from sensors (relays in this case) placed throughout the medium-voltage sector of distribution system feeders. Intuitive confidence metrics are employed to increase the credibility of the algorithm predictions and reduce the incidence of false-positive predictions. The method is first demonstrated on a synthetic dataset under known conditions for robustness testing with measurement noise, meter bias, and missing data. Then, four utility feeders are tested, and the algorithm’s predictions are proven to be accurate through field validation by the utility. Lastly, the ability of the method to increase the accuracy of simulated voltages using the corrected model compared to actual measured voltages is demonstrated through quasi-static time-series (QSTS) simulations. The proposed methodology is a good candidate for widespread implementation because it is accurate on both the synthetic and utility test cases and is robust to measurement noise and other issues.

Published
2024
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50. Optimization of the first CUPID detector module

Author

CUPID collaboration, Armatol, A., Augier, C., Avignone III, F. T., Azzolini, O., Balata, M., Ballen, K., Barabash, A. S., Bari, G., Barresi, A., Baudin, D., Bellini, F., Benato, G., Beretta, M., Bettelli, M., Biassoni, M., Billard, J., Boldrini, V., Branca, A., Brofferio, C., Bucci, C., Camilleri, J., Capelli, C., Capelli, S., Cappelli, L., Cardani, L., Carniti, P., Casali, N., Celi, E., Chang, C., Chiesa, D., Clemenza, M., Colantoni, I., Copello, S., Craft, E., Cremonesi, O., Creswick, R. J., Cruciani, A., D'Addabbo, A., D'Imperio, G., Dabagov, S., Dafinei, I., Danevich, F. A., De Jesus, M., de Marcillac, P., Dell'Oro, S., Di Domizio, S., Di Lorenzo, S., Dixon, T., Dompè, V., Drobizhev, A., Dumoulin, L., Fantini, G., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Ferri, F., Ferroni, F., Figueroa-Feliciano, E., Foggetta, L., Formaggio, J., Franceschi, A., Fu, C., Fu, S., Fujikawa, B. K., Gallas, A., Gascon, J., Ghislandi, S., Giachero, A., Gianvecchio, A., Gironi, L., Giuliani, A., Gorla, P., Gotti, C., Grant, C., Gras, P., Guillaumon, P. V., Gutierrez, T. D., Han, K., Hansen, E. V., Heeger, K. M., Helis, D. L., Huang, H. Z., Huang, R. G., Imbert, L., Johnston, J., Juillard, A., Karapetrov, G., Keppel, G., Khalife, H., Kobychev, V. V., Kolomensky, Yu. G., Konovalov, S. I., Kowalski, R., Langford, T., Lefevre, M ., Liu, R., Liu, Y., Loaiza, P., Ma, L., Madhukuttan, M., Mancarella, F., Marini, L., Marnieros, S., Martinez, M., Maruyama, R. H., Mas, Ph., Mauri, B., Mayer, D., Mazzitelli, G., Mei, Y., Milana, S., Morganti, S., Napolitano, T., Nastasi, M., Nikkel, J., Nisi, S., Nones, C., Norman, E. B., Novosad, V., Nutini, I., O'Donnell, T., Olivieri, E., Olmi, M., Ouellet, J. L., Pagan, S., Pagliarone, C., Pagnanini, L., Pattavina, L., Pavan, M., Peng, H., Pessina, G., Pettinacci, V., Pira, C., Pirro, S., Poda, D. V., Polischuk, O. G., Ponce, I., Pozzi, S., Previtali, E., Puiu, A., Quitadamo, S., Ressa, A., Rizzoli, R., Rosenfeld, C., Rosier, P., Scarpaci, J., Schmidt, B., Sharma, V., Shlegel, V., Singh, V., Sisti, M., Slocum, P., Speller, D., Surukuchi, P. T., Taffarello, L., Tomei, C., Torres, J., Tretyak, V. I., Tsymbaliuk, A., Velazquez, M., Vetter, K. J., Wagaarachchi, S. L., Wang, G., Wang, L., Wang, R., Welliver, B., Wilson, J., Wilson, K., Winslow, L. A., Xue, M., Yan, L., Yang, J., Yefremenko, V., Umatov, V. I., Zarytskyy, M. M., Zhang, J., Zolotarova, A., and Zucchelli, S.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

CUPID will be a next generation experiment searching for the neutrinoless double $\beta$ decay, whose discovery would establish the Majorana nature of the neutrino. Based on the experience achieved with the CUORE experiment, presently taking data at LNGS, CUPID aims to reach a background free environment by means of scintillating Li$_{2}$$^{100}$MoO$_4$ crystals coupled to light detectors. Indeed, the simultaneous heat and light detection allows us to reject the dominant background of $\alpha$ particles, as proven by the CUPID-0 and CUPID-Mo demonstrators. In this work we present the results of the first test of the CUPID baseline module. In particular, we propose a new optimized detector structure and light sensors design to enhance the engineering and the light collection, respectively. We characterized the heat detectors, achieving an energy resolution of (5.9 $\pm$ 0.2) keV FWHM at the $Q$-value of $^{100}$Mo (about 3034 keV). We studied the light collection of the baseline CUPID design with respect to an alternative configuration which features gravity-assisted light detectors' mounting. In both cases we obtained an improvement in the light collection with respect to past measures and we validated the particle identification capability of the detector, which ensures an $\alpha$ particle rejection higher than 99.9%, fully satisfying the requirements for CUPID., Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures

Published
2022

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