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Microsite heterogeneity is an important variable that drives biodiversity in forests. Current forest reclamation practices often do not incorporate site heterogeneity in their practices which might pose a challenge to the reclamation goals of restoring disturbed sites to resilient and sustainable forests. The goal of this thesis is to explore whether increasing variation of microtopographical features and substrates types have positive impacts on forest restoration efforts. Specifically, I am interested in the benefits of implementing microsite variability by increasing the microtopographic variation to the establishment and performance of tree seedlings (naturally regenerated and planted) and the colonization of the vegetation community. In this operational scale study, I examined the effect of increased microsite heterogeneity on planted and naturally regenerated trees and the vegetation community by comparing a contoured (levelled (least heterogeneous and current practice)) treatment, a treatment that produced small parallel ridges (ridged), and a treatment (most heterogeneous) that used large loose piles of different material types pushed into alternating rows (hilled). I hypothesized that increased microsite heterogeneity would have a positive impact on tree establishment and growth and produce a more diverse plant community. Overall, increased microtopographical along with coversoil heterogeneity improved tree establishment and growth as well as contributed to greater native species richness (33% increase in hilled and 43% increase in ridged treatment) compared to the more homogenous levelled treatment. Furthermore, the hilled treatment produced the greatest positive response in tree growth and native vegetation diversity. In the hilled treatment, the improved growth was especially observable for trembling aspen (43% height increase) and jack pine seedlings (29% height increase) when compared to the levelled treatment. Increased microtopography also encouraged natural regeneration of trembling aspen with a 60% and 31% increase in individuals in both the hilled and ridged treatments, respectively. Natural balsam poplar regeneration was 24 times higher in the hilled treatment than the levelled treatment. Interestingly, the hilled treatment had fewer non-native agronomic competitors and maintained more open mineral soil conditions, likely providing an advantage of reduced competition for planted and natural seedlings during establishment. The greatest positive responses of these microtopographical treatments appear to be gained when applied in areas that have stressful conditions (e.g. south facing slopes). The differences between the levelled and the hilled treatment of planted seedlings and natural regeneration were much greater when applied on a south-facing slope compared to an east-facing slope. The results of this study support the positive impact of heterogeneity on early forest establishment and growth and suggest that greater use of site reconstruction techniques that increase topographical and soil variability might be beneficial for forest reclamation sites.

Havbruksnæringen anses som den nye oljen, men hemmes av biologiske faktorer som lakselus. Parasitten presser laksenæringens profittmarginer, muligheten til å opprettholde god fiskevelferd og ivareta nærliggende økosystemer. Det benyttes ulike avlusningsmetoder for å holde lusepåslag nede, hvorav kjemiske har vært foretrukket. Stor bruk i Romsdalsfjorden og Storfjorden frem til 2016 ga resistente lusepopulasjoner, nedsatt effekt og derav utfasing av organofosfat og pyretroider. I denne oppgaven har vi analysert lus fra Dryna og Gudmundset og funnet resistens-gen for begge kjemikaliene. Resultatene viser at 42% av testet lus var resistent mot pyretroider og at 10% sannsynligvis var resistent mot organofosfat. Analysene baserer seg på et begrenset antall prøver og er ikke representativt for lusepopulasjonene, men kan gi en pekepinn på dagens situasjon. Det diskuteres videre om resistensnivåene kan skyldes krysskontaminering mellom nærliggende anlegg, et latent gen i populasjonen, og/eller feil bruk av kjemikalier. Resistensnivået av pyretroider er svært høyt og en gjeninnføring frarådes. Andelen sensitive lakselus mot pyretroider er nå rundt 1/3 på Dryna og 1/2 på Gudmundset. En avlusning med 50% overlevelse blant lus er ikke effektiv. For å kunne ha en effektiv behandling uten overdrevne konsentrasjoner bør resistensnivået senkes ytterligere. Da til rundt samme målte nivåer som organofosfat, eller ideelt sett 0%. Ved en gjeninnføring av samtlige kjemikalier i et fravær av resistens, kan behandlingene kontrolleres, rulleres og resistensutvikling minimeres. Utviklingen bør følges over tid med et oppskalert volum på prøvetakningen. Mer sikkerhet kan eventuelt fastsette en beslutning rundt gjeninnføring av pyretroider og eller en eventuell utfasing av organofosfat. Aquaculture is considered the new oil, but the industry is hampered by biological factors, such as salmon lice. The parasite challenges profit margins, the opportunity to maintain good fish welfare and safeguard nearby ecosystems. Various de-licing methods are used to keep lice infestation down, of which chemical-based methods has been preferred. Extensive use in Romsdalsfjorden and Storfjorden until late 2016 resulted in resistant lice populations, reduced efficiency, and consequentially an outfacing of organophosphate and pyrethroids. In this thesis the students have analyzed lice from Dryna and Gudmundset and found a resistance gene for both chemicals. The results show that 42% of the lice tested were resistant to pyrethroids and that 10% probably were resistant to organophosphate. The analyzes are based on a limited number of samples and are not representative of the lice populations but can give an indication of the current situation. A partially high level of resistance after a long absence of chemicals may be due to cross-contamination between nearby plants, a latent gene in the population, and / or incorrect use of chemicals. The level of resistance against pyrethroids is substantial, and a reintroduction is therefore consequently not recommended. The proportion of sensitive salmon lice against pyrethroids is now approx. 1/3 on Dryna and 1/2 on Gudmundset. A de-licing with a near 50% survival among lice is not efficient. Thus, to maintain a certain level of efficiency, without excessive concentrations, the level of resistance should be lowered further. The result should amount to the same as measured levels of organophosphate, or ideally 0%. By reintroducing all chemicals in the absence of resistance, the treatments can be controlled, varied and the development of resistance minimized. Developments should be monitored over time with a scaled-up volume of sampling, to determine a decision to reintroduce pyrethroids or even a possible phasing out of organophosphate.

Masteroppgave i logopedi - Nord universitet 2022

I dette masterprosjektet presenteres det metoder og arbeid som muligjør bruken av høyoppløste Zivid punktskyer i maskinlæringsbiblioteket Minkowski Engine skrevet av Chris Choy. I tillegg har det blitt laget et datasett bestående av Zivid punktskyer til å trene nevrale nettverk med kodebibliotekene Fully Convolutional Geometric Features (FCGF) og Deep Global Registration (DGR). Treningen av både FCGF og DGR modellene med Zivid punktskyer ble utført i en Singularity container på NTNU Idun high performance cluster. Containeren ble bygget for å kunne ta i bruk Nvidia sin siste CUDA arkitektur og dermed også A100 GPUene på Idun til å trene nevrale netverk i PyTorch. I tillegg inneholder containeren de nøvendige bibliotekene til å gjennomføre preprosessering av rådataene fra Zivid 3D-kameraet for å kunne bruke punktskyene til trening i FCGF og DGR bibliotekene. Zivid punktsky-datasettet ble laget ved å skanne flere objekter fra ulike vinkler. Datasettet som presenteres i denne oppgaven er begrenset med tanke på størrelse og diversitet. Det fungerer som et konseptbevis for å trene modellene og viser at det er mulig å generere datasettet. Hvert 3D-bilde i datasettet er omtrent en størrelsesorden større enn bildene i 3DMatch datasettet som originalt ble brukt i FCGF og DGR publikasjonene. Zivid datasettet gjorde det mulig å bruke FCGF og DGR bibliotekene med Zivid punktskyer som inndata. Vi fikk til å kjøre treningsprogrammet som hører til FCGF biblioteket og resultatene indikerte at det var problemer med kalkuleringen av feil for hver epoke. Dette problemet førte til at det ikke var noen fremgang i ytelse for det nevrale nettverket. Vi antar at justering av de feilrelaterte hyperparameterene kan føre til forbedringer i feilkalkuleringen. Dette foreslås som et interessant tema for videre arbeid. Resultatene fra trening av DGR modellen indikerte også problemer med utregningen av feil. Siden DGR treningen er avhengig av en velfungerenede FCGF modell antas det at problemene i DGR er relaterte til feature extraction i stedet for problemer med å utføre registrering på punktskyene. In this Master's thesis, methods and work are presented that enable the use of high resolution Zivid point clouds in machine learning using the Minkowski Engine library created by Chris Choy. Additionally, a data set consisting of Zivid point clouds was created in order to perform training in the Fully Convolutional Geometric Features (FCGF) and Deep Global Registration (DGR) libraries. The training of both the FCGF and DGR models using Zivid point clouds was performed in a Singularity container on the NTNU Idun high performance cluster. The container was created to enable the utilization of the latest Nvidia A100 GPU's for training the neural networks in PyTorch. Additionally, the container is able to perform the preprocessing of the raw Zivid point clouds in order to create a data set for use with the FCGF and DGR libraries. The Zivid point cloud data set was created by scanning multiple objects from different angles. The data set presented in this thesis is limited in terms of size and diversity, but functions as a proof of concept when training neural networks. Each scan in the data set is close to an order of magnitude larger in terms of megabytes than in the 3DMatch data set originally used in FCGF and DGR. The Zivid data set enabled the FCGF and DGR libraries to be used with Zivid point clouds as input data. We were able to perform training using the Zivid data set and the results indicated problems in loss calculation. The FCGF model was having issues with calculating loss which in turn lead to no apparent progress in the training process. It is assumed that tuning the loss related hyperparameters in the trainer configuration can lead to improvements in loss calculations. This is proposed as an interesting topic off study going forward. The results from training the DGR model also indicated loss related errors. Although, since the DGR trainer requires a functioning FCGF model it is assumed that these errors are related to feature extraction rather than only failure to perform registration on the point clouds.

More-efficient heating Large-scale production of hydrogen through steam reforming directly produces CO 2 as a side product. In addition, the heating of reactors through fossil-fuel burning contributes further CO 2 emissions. One problem is that the catalyst bed is heated unevenly, which renders much of the catalyst effectively inactive. Wismann et al. describe an electrical heating scheme for a metal tube reactor that improves the uniformity of heating and catalyst usage (see the Perspective by Van Geem et al. ). Adoption of this alternative approach could affect CO 2 emissions by up to approximately 1% of global emissions. Science , this issue p. 756 ; see also p. 734

Cloud services are growing in popularity and the global public cloud services are forecasted to increase by 17% in 2020[1]. The popularity of cloud services is due to the improved resource allocation for providers and simplicity of use for the customer. Due to the increasing popularity of cloud services and its increased use by companies, the security assessment of the services is strategically becoming more critical. Assessing the security of a cloud system can be problematic because of its complexity since the systems are composed of many different technologies. One way of simplifying the security assessment is attack simulations, covering cyberattacks of the investigated system. This thesis will make use of Meta Attack language (MAL) to create the Domain- Specific Language (DLS) HypervisorLang that models the virtualisation layer in an OpenStack Nova setup. The result of this thesis is a proposed DSL HypervisorLang which uses attack simulation to model hostile usage of the service and defences to evade those. The hostile usage covers attacks such as a denial of services, buffer overflows and out-of-bound-read and are sourced via known vulnerabilities. To implement the main components of the Nova module into HypervisorLang, literature studies where performed and included components in Nova together with threat modelling. Evaluating the correctness of HypervisorLang was performed by implementing test cases to display the different attack steps included in the model. However, the results also show that some limitations of the evaluations have been found and are proposed for further research. Molntjänster växer i popularitet och de publika molntjänsterna förväntas öka med 17% år 2020[1]. Populariteten beror bland annat på en förbättrad resursanvändning hos leverantörer och enkelheten för kunden att införskaffa resurser. På grund av molntjänsternas ökande popularitet och deras ökade användning hos företag blir säkerhetsanalyser av tjänsterna mer kritisk. Att bedöma en molntjänsts säkerhet kan vara problematiskt på grund av dess komplexitet. Detta eftersom systemen oftast består av många olika tekniker. Ett sätt att förenkla säkerhetsanalysen är attacksimuleringar som täcker cyberattacker mot den undersökta tjänsten. Detta examensarbete kommer att använda Meta Attack Language (MAL) för att skapa ett domänspecifikt språk som modellerar virtualiseringslagret i en OpenStack Nova-installation. Resultatet av examensarbetet är HypervisorLang som använder attacksimuleringar för att modellera attacker mot tjänsten samt säkerhetslösningar för att undvika dem. Några av attackerna som täcks av modellen är ’denial-of-service’ (DOS), Out-of-bound-read, buffer overflow och är hämtade via kända sårbarheter. Utvecklingen av språket genomfördes med hjälp av litteraturstudier av komponenterna i Nova tillsammans med studier kring hotmodellering gällande de komponenter som ingår i modellen. Utvärderingen av HypervisorLang utfördes genom att implementera testfall för att bekräfta att de olika attackstegen som ingår i modellen fungerar som tänkt. Resultaten visar också att vissa begränsningar av utvärderingarna har hittats och föreslås för framtida forskning.

Studier viser at intensivpasienter som gjennomgår intrahospital transport er utsatt for flere komplikasjoner enn intensivpasienter som ikke gjennomgår slike transporter. Forskning viser at mange uheldige hendelser relatert til intrahospital transport, kunne vært unngått eller redusert ved bruk av sjekkliste, strukturert planlegging og gjennomføring. Hensikt: Studien undersøker intensivsykepleieres erfaringer med tanke på utfordringer rundt intrahospital transport av respiratorpasienter (IHTR). Det overordnede formålet med studien er å utvikle en sjekkliste på bakgrunn av våre data på et senere tidspunkt. Vi stilte to forskningsspørsmål for å besvare problemstillingen vår: 1) Hvilke utfordringer erfarer intensivsykepleiere ved IHTR som kan påvirke pasientsikkerheten? 2) Brukes det sjekklister eller andre spesielle rutiner for å kvalitetssikre IHTR? Metode: Kvalitativ innholdsanalyse av to fokusgruppeintervju med til sammen ni intensivsykepleiere. Resultat: Det kom fram to sentrale tema i vår studie. Det ene var at deltakerne ikke benyttet prosedyre i forkant av IHTR, men stolte på sin erfaringskunnskap. Det andre tema omhandlet pasientsikkerhet, og ulike faktorer som kunne påvirke pasientsikkerheten under en intrahospital transport. Konklusjon: Med utgangspunkt i diskusjonen av våre funn opp mot tidligere forskning på området, mener vi at innføring av sjekkliste, opplæring og trening samt ansvarsavklaring og evaluering vil kunne bidra til bedre pasientsikkerhet og større trygghet for personalet ved intrahospital transport av respiratorpasienter ved vår avdeling.

This thesis was conducted in connection with the University Centre in Svalbard: UNIS One predicted consequence of the current warming in the Arctic is an increase of heavy precipitation events. Svalbard have experienced an increase in total annual precipitation and air temperature have affected Svalbard’s environment, in particular the regional hydroclimate. The varved proglacial sediment record preserved in Bødalsvatnet, Nordenskiöld Land, Svalbard, contains a valuable climate signal that in this study is used to reconstruct changes in precipitation and temperature the last 150 years. The thesis uses a multi-proxy approach with varve count, physical parameters (grain size, magnetic susceptibility, dry bulk density, loss-onignition and water content) and geochemical analysis through X-ray fluorescence (K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Ti and Zr) of surface core BSV – 2019 – 1. Age determination of the surface core were cross corelated with a 2012 by varve count and plutonium (239+240Pu) measurement. Six turbidites (E1 – E6) were identified and dated to 1936, 1945, 1957, 1983 and 1993. The six turbidites relating to mass movement events lead on by intense precipitation thought to have exceeded the 2,5 mm per hour. The current threshold for the formation of mass moment events in Svalbard. The presence of a dropstone > 1 mm within deposits from the 1957 event was likely caused by an avalanche. The 1993 and 1983 events were likely triggered by high intensity warm rainstorms related to south westerly cyclones in November and March, respectively. The mass movement event of 1974 is connected to an intense heavy precipitation event where 34 mm of rain fell during a period of 12 hours. By cross-correlation to a longer - percussion core from 2012 the paleoclimatic record was extended to approximately 1844. The change in temperature and precipitation in combination with thicker lamina during the end of LIA has similarities to the current sedimentary record and needs to be investigated further. En forventet konsekvens av dagens oppvarming i Arktis er flere hendelser med intens nedbør. På Svalbard er har det vært en økning i total årlig nedbør og temperatur som har påvirket miljøet og da særlig hydroklimaet. Den proglasiale, årlige laminerte sedimenthistorien er bevart i Bødalsvatnet, Nordenskiöld Land, Svalbard. Den inneholder et viktig klimasignal som denne studien har brukt for å rekonstruere forandringer i nedbør og temperatur de siste 150 år. Denne oppgaven bruker en multi-proxy metode på overflatekjernen BVS-2019-1 basert på fysiske parametere (kornstørrelse, magnetisk susceptibilitet, tetthet, glødetap og vanninnhold) og kjemiske parameter ved røntgen-fluorescens (K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Ti og Zr). Aldersbestemmelse av sedimentkjernen er gjort ved å korrelere varv-telling fra 2019 med varv-telling og plutonium ( 239+240Pu) målinger fra et sediment kjerne tatt i 2012. Seks turbiditeter (E1 til E6) er identifisert og datert til 1936, 1945, 1957, 1974, 1981 og 1993. Turbiditetene er relatert til massebevegelseshendelser forårsaket av nedbør med en intensitet over 2,5 mm i timen, som er grenseverdi for massebevegelseshendelser på Svalbard. Forekomst av droppstein > 1mm er knyttet til hendelse i 1974, forårsaket av et snøskred. Hendelsene i 1983 og 1993 er knyttet til sør-vestlig sykloner som har ført til mild regnstorm med høy intensitet i henholdsvis mars og november. Hendelsen i 1974 er knyttet til intenst regnvær hvor det falt 34 mm regn over en periode på 12 timer. Ved å korrelere den lengre sediment kjernen fra 2012 ble den paleoklimatiske historien utvidet ytterligere, til ca. 1844. Forandringen i temperatur og nedbør sammen med tykkere lamina ved utgangen av LIA har likheter ved det nåværende sedimentære historien og trenger å bli studert ytterligere. M-MINA

Software as a Service (SaaS) is a subset of cloud services where a vendor provides software as a service to customers. The SaaS application is installed on the SaaS provider’s servers, and is often accessed via the web browser. In the context of SaaS, a customer is called tenant, which often is an organization that is accessing the SaaS application, but it could also be a single individual. A SaaS application can be classified into tenancy models. A tenancy model describes how a tenant’s data is mapped to the storage on the server-side of the SaaS application.By doing a research, the authors have drawn the conclusion that there is a lack of guidance for selecting tenancy models. The purpose of this thesis is to provide guidance for selecting tenancy models. The short-term-goal is to create a tenancy selection guide. The long-term-goal is to provide researchers and students with research material. This thesis provides a guidance model for selection of tenancy models. The model is called Tenancy Model Selection Guidelines (TMSG).TMSG was evaluated by interviewing two professionals from the software industry. The criteria used for evaluating TMSG were Interviewee credibility, Syntactic correctness, Semantic correctness, Usefulness and Model flexibility. In the interviews, both of the interviewees said that TMSG was in need of further refinements. Still they were positive to the achieved result. Software as a Service (SaaS) är en delmängd av molntjänster där en tjänsteleverantör tillgodoser mjukvara som en tjänst åt kunder. SaaS-applikationen installeras på SaaS-leverantörens servrar, och åtkomsten till applikationen sker oftast via webbläsaren. I sammanhanget av SaaS kallas en kund för ten-ant, vilket oftast består av en organisation, eller i vissa fall enbart av en användare. En SaaS-applikation kan delas in i tenancy-modeller. En tenancymodell beskriver hur en tenant:s data är associerad till lagringsutrymmet på SaaS-leverantörens server.Efter att ha gjort en förstudie kunde författarna dra slutsatsen att det råder guidningsbrist för val av tenancy-modeller. Syftet med denna tes är att tillgodose vägledning för val av tenancy-modeller. Kortsiktsmålet är att skapa en guide för val av tenancy-modeller. Långsiktsmålet är att tillgodose forskare och studenter med forskningsmaterial. Denna tes tillgodoser en modell för guidning av val för tenancy-modeller. Namnet på denna guide är textitTenancy Model Selection Guidelines (TMSG).TMSG utvärderades genom intervjuer med två personer som jobbar inom mjukvaru-branschen. Kriterierna som användes vid utvärderingen av TMSG var följande: Trovärdighet hos den intervjuade personen, Syntaktisk korrekthet, Semantisk korrekthet, Användbarhet och Modellens flexibilitet. I båda intervjuerna ansåg de medverkande att TMSG behöver ytterligare finslipning, och de var båda positiva till det uppnådda resultatet.

Masteroppgave i tilpasset opplæring - Nord universitet, 2018

BACKGROUND: The improved survival rates for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) may be jeopardized by the development of a second cancer, which has been associated with thiopurine therapy.PROCEDURE: We retrospectively analyzed three sequential Nordic Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology's protocols characterized by increasing intensity of thiopurine-based maintenance therapy. We explored the risk of second cancer in relation to protocols, risk group, thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) activity, ALL high hyperdiploidy (HeH), and t(12;21)[ETV6/RUNX1].RESULTS: After median 9.5 years (interquartile range, 5.4-15.3 yrs) of follow-up, 40 of 3,591 patients had developed a second cancer, of whom 38 had non-high-risk B-cell precursor ALL. Patients with standard-risk ALL, who received the longest maintenance therapy, had the highest adjusted hazard of second cancer (hazard ratio [HR], intermediate vs. standard risk: 0.16, 95% CI: 0.06-0.43, P < 0.001; HR, high vs. standard risk: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.02-0.49, P = 0.006); no significant effects of protocol, age, or white blood cell count at diagnosis, ALL HeH, or t(12;21)[ETV6/RUNX1] were observed. A subset analysis on the patients with standard-risk ALL did not show an increased hazard of second cancer from either HeH or t(12;21) (adjusted HR 2.02, 95% CI: 0.69-5.96, P = 0.20). The effect of low TPMT low activity was explored in patients reaching maintenance therapy in clinical remission (n = 3,368); no association with second cancer was observed (adjusted HR 1.43, 95% CI: 0.54-3.76, P = 0.47).CONCLUSIONS: The rate of second cancer was generally highest in patients with low-risk ALL, but we could not identify a subset at higher risk than others.

The synthesis gas unit consumes a considerable part of the capital cost in a plant for production of synthetic (Fischer-Tropsch) fuels. Oxygen-blown autothermal reforming (ATR) has been identified as the preferred option for large-scale synthesis gas production. This paper describes recent developments in pre-reforming and autothermal reforming including results of pilot plant demonstrations at low steam-to-carbon ratios.

Title: Using Brand management to establish network relations: How SMEs can work with brand management in order to establish and develop corporate reputation and legitimacy in network relations in a B2B context Authors: Aasberg Pipirs Julius & Carlsson Christoffer Level: Master thesis, 30hp Keywords: Brand management, SME, Legitimacy, Corporate reputation, Network relations Background: Given the crucial role SMEs play in the modern society it is vital that knowledge is evolved that can be used to support and grow these businesses. Using brand management practices SMEs could establish and develop corporate reputation and legitimacy in network relations, which could result in higher chances of long-term survival in a B2B context. Research Question: How does working with brand management among SMEs establish, and develop, corporate reputation and legitimacy, and how do these three concepts affect the process of establishing network relations in a B2B context? Purpose: The purpose of this study is to first investigate how SMEs, in a B2B context, work with brand management and how this can establish and develop corporate reputation and legitimacy. Finally the authors wants to see how these three concepts affect the process of establishing network relations. Method: Based on an abductive research approach, a qualitative research method will be used to study six Swedish SMEs that operate in a B2B context. Primary data will be based on semi-structured interviews with managers at each company. Theoretical Framework: The current literature concerning SME brand management is presented followed by its linkages towards establishing and developing corporate reputation and legitimacy. Finally previous research concerning, the process of establishing network relations among SMEs, its relevance for SMEs, and how brand management, corporate reputation, and legitimacy could affect this process, is presented. Findings & Conclusions: Brand management offers SMEs the tools to communicate and interact with various types of stakeholders, which connects the organization to its external and internal environment. By combining this tool with a dedication of always performing above expectations, SMEs stands to efficiently establish and develop corporate reputation and legitimacy. These two constructs essentially acts as the foundation of that which network relations are built upon.

Master's thesis in Finance Denne oppgaven har som formål å verdsette det børsnoterte oppdrettsselskapet Marine Harvest ASA pr 01.01.14. Verdsettelsen av selskapet er basert på en fundamental analyse, supplert av en komparativ analyse. Denne verdsettelsen er basert på offentlig informasjon, som i hovedsak er årsrapporter, selskapets hjemmeside, bransjerapporter og artikler. Innledningsvis presenteres selskapet og næringen de opererer i, før ulike verdsettelsesmetoder gjennomgås. Før den fundamentale analysen gjennomføres en strategisk analyse og regnskapsanalyse. Den strategiske analysen ser på eksterne og interne faktorer som kan påvirke selskapet i framtiden, mens regnskapsanalysen ser på viktig nøkkeltall for selskapet opp mot de aktuelle konkurrentene i næringen. Den fundamentale verdsettelsen er basert på tidligere regnskap, der fremtidsbudsjettet er basert på tidligere regnskapsår, samt vurderinger fra den strategiske analysen og regnskapsanalysen. Disse estimerte kontantstrømmene blir så neddiskontert av et vektet gjennomsnittlig kapitalkostnad(WACC). Ulike estimater som ble benyttet i verdsettelsen undersøkes nærmere tilslutt i en sensitivitetsanalyse for å se hvor følsom selskapsverdien er for endringer. Resultatet fra den fundamentale analysen gir estimert aksjekurs på kr 89,81 for Marine Harvest. Aksjekurs for selskapet på Oslo børs 01.01.14 var kr 73,85, noe som gir et gevinstpotensial på 17,77%. På grunnlag av dette gis det derfor en kjøpsanbefaling av aksjen.

Master's thesis in Petroleum engineering Due to longer offset and large surface area exposure in a reservoir, extended reach drilling (ERD) is a method which is both cost effective and a well potential during the production phase. However, the present ERD method envelope is limited to about 12.3km. In order cross this envelope, the Stavanger based drilling company Reelwell has developed a ultra-long (>20km) ERD method solution. The method is under development and is in field scale testing phase. The results show that the technology is feasible and has several advantages over the conventional methods. Reelwell uses a range of different features to succeed with increasing the ERD envelope. The heavy over light concept is one of these. The concept is comprised of utilizing two different drilling fluids at the same time. Because of difference in density between the fluids and an inclined wellbore, an interface is created. This master thesis deals with an experimental study of this heavy light interface and its behavior when exposed to rotation from the drill string. In this thesis three test rigs were designed and constructed. Based on the Reelwell operational and fluid properties, a total of 31 experimental studies were carried out. The studies investigated several parameters that influenced the dynamics of the heavy light interface and the resulting mixing zone.

Master i rettsvitenskap JUS399 MAJUR