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Nanobiocatalysts (NBCs), which merge enzymes with nanomaterials, provide a potent method for improving enzyme durability, efficiency, and recyclability. This review highlights the use of eco-friendly synthesis methods to create sustainable nanomaterials for enzyme transport. We investigate different methods of immobilization, such as adsorption, ionic and covalent bonding, entrapment, and cross-linking, examining their pros and cons. The decreased environmental impact of green-synthesized nanomaterials from plants, bacteria, and fungi is emphasized. The review exhibits the various uses of NBCs in food industry, biofuel production, and bioremediation, showing how they can enhance effectiveness and eco-friendliness. Furthermore, we explore the potential impact of NBCs in biomedicine. In general, green nanobiocatalysts are a notable progression in enzyme technology, leading to environmentally-friendly and effective biocatalytic methods that have important impacts on industrial and biomedical fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanobiocatalysts (NBCs) are a promising new class of biocatalysts that combine the advantages of enzymes and nanomaterials. Enzymes are biological catalysts that are highly selective and efficient, but they can be unstable in harsh environments. Nanomaterials, on the other hand, are small particles with unique properties that can improve the stability, activity, and selectivity of enzymes. The development of NBCs has been driven by the need for more sustainable and environmentally friendly bioprocessing methods. Enzymes are inherently green catalysts, but they can be expensive and difficult to recover and reuse. NBCs can address these challenges by providing a stable and reusable platform for enzymes. One of the key challenges in the development of NBCs is the immobilization of enzymes on nanomaterials. Enzyme immobilization is a process that attaches enzymes to a solid support, which can protect the enzymes from harsh environments and make them easier to recover and reuse. There are many different methods for immobilizing enzymes, and the choice of method depends on the specific enzyme and nanomaterial being used. This review explores the effective role of NBCs in pharmaceutical and biomedical fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, plant polyphenols have become a popular focus for the development of novel functional foods. Polyphenols, a class of bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, and lignans, are commonly found in plant-based diets with a variety of biological actions, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. Unfortunately, polyphenols are not widely used in nutraceuticals since many of the chemicals in polyphenols possess poor oral bioavailability. Thankfully, polyphenols can be encapsulated and transported using bio-based nanocarriers, thereby increasing their bioavailability. Polyphenols' limited water solubility and low bioavailability are limiting factors for their practical usage, but this issue can be resolved if suitable delivery vehicles are developed for encapsulating and delivering polyphenolic compounds. This paper provides an overview of the study of nanocarriers for the enhancement of polyphenol oral bioavailability, as well as a summary of the health advantages of polyphenols in the prevention and treatment of several diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Antibiotic resistance in bacteria mediated by New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase (NDM) is a global threat to human health with an enormous economic burden. NDM can hydrolyze all the β-lactam core-containing antibiotics including carbapenems, which are regarded as last resort antibiotics. Materials and Methods: A library of Abyssomicins was virtually screened to identify novel non-β-lactam ring-containing inhibitors of NDM-1. Different computational approaches such as molecular modeling, virtual screening, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, ADMET profiling, and free energy calculations were utilized for this purpose. Results: Virtual screening and ADMET profiling shortlisted Abyssomicin W and Neoabyssomicin B as the most promising candidate molecules. An in-depth analysis of protein-ligand interactions by molecular docking revealed that both ligands bind the active site of NDM-1. The identified inhibitors interacted with key catalytic residues as well as other residues around the active site of NDM-1. Hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions played a significant role in stabilizing the protein-inhibitor complexes. The docking energy of NDM-1-Abyssomicin W, and NDM-1-Neoabyssomicin B complexes were − 9.6 kcal/mol and − 9.5 kcal/mol, respectively, which were higher than NDM-1-Methicillin (control) complex (−7.3 kcal/mol). Molecular dynamics simulation and free energy calculations by MM-PBSA also confirmed the stability of NDM-1-Abyssomicin W, and NDM-1-Neoabyssomicin B complexes. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that Abyssomicins serve as potential inhibitors of NDM-1. However, these results need to be validated in vitro and in vivo. This study may serve as a basis for further developing Abyssomicins as novel inhibitors of β-lactamases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The exponential increase in the market for cosmetics has been accompanied by an increasing demand for organic cosmetics. However, this demand and awareness of organic cosmetics and awareness of its relation to environmental sustainability is likely to vary according to the geographical region. The available literature related to the subject is sparse in our region. Objective: To study the attitudes, awareness, and practices related to organic cosmetics in our population. Methods: A cross‐sectional, observational study was conducted among a population of Saudi adult females (18‐50 years). An electronic questionnaire was used as the data collection tool. Statistics included percentages and chi‐square test was used to compare between groups, with a P value < 0.05 taken as significant. Results: Out of a total of 413 respondents, 278 (67.3%) agreed/strongly agreed that ingredients in cosmetics need to be environment friendly, but only 193 (46.7%) regularly checked ingredient details before use. 338 subjects (81.8%) agreed/agreed strongly that cosmetics with organic ingredients were better for the environment and 233 (56.4%) agreed/strongly agreed that they would prefer using cosmetics with organic ingredients; however, only 199 (48.1%) were willing to pay extra for these cosmetics. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups according to the level of education. Regarding the willingness to pay more for organic cosmetics, the consensus was higher in younger respondents. Conclusion: There was a high level of awareness in our study about organic cosmetics and their environmental implications. Although organic cosmetics were preferred by the majority, cost appeared to be a factor impeding actual use. Younger respondents were more likely to prefer organic cosmetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recent studies indicate that reactive oxygen species are the major culprits behind the renal damage induced by gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat serious and life threatening Gram-negative infections. Experimental evidence suggests a protective role of alpha-linolenic acid supplementation against oxidative stress. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible beneficial role of alpha-linolenic acid against gentamicin induced renal distress. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups of eight rats each, with the first group serving as a control. The other groups were treated intraperitoneally with gentamicin 100 mg/kg body weight per day for 10 days ± alpha-linolenic acid and vitamin E (each given as 250 mg/kg body weight per day). Concentrations of creatinine, urea, cholesterol, inorganic phosphate in serum, malondialdehyde and total sulfhydryl levels, and glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activity in kidney tissues were determined. Results: Administration of gentamicin to rats induced marked renal failure, characterized by a profound increase in serum creatinine, urea, and cholesterol concentrations, accompanied by significant lowering of renal alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase activity, an increase in malondialdehyde, a decline in total sulfhydryl levels, and lowered superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione-S-transferase activity. Cotreatment with alpha-linolenic acid produced amelioration in these biochemical indices of nephrotoxicity in serum as well as in tissue. Further histopathological and human studies are necessary to demonstrate the beneficial effects of alpha-linolenic acid in renal disease. Conclusion: Alpha-linolenic acid may represent a nontoxic and effective intervention strategy in gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To study the status of zinc as a micronutrient in pulmonary tuberculosis, in our population, with the aim to see the effectiveness of therapy. Methodology: This prospective study includes 50 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and 30 subjects as the control group. The patients were placed into three stages (1 to 3) on the basis of chest radiographic findings. Serum zinc levels were estimated before, during, and after completion of antitiberculosis therapy. Results: Statistically significant fall in serum zinc levels was seen with advanced age and disease, and the levels improved after initiation of antituberculosis therapy. Conclusion: Estimation of serum zinc levels is an important tool in diagnosis and monitoring of response to treatment in pulmonary tuberculosis, and even a booster of the immunological mechanisms if instituted during the course of treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]