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9. Complexation of Hg with phytochelatins is important for plant Hg tolerance

Author

Sobrino Plata, Juan, CARRASCO‐GIL, SANDRA, ÁLVAREZ‐FERNÁNDEZ, ANA, MILLÁN, ROCÍO, CARPENA‐RUIZ, RAMÓN O., LEDUC, DANIKA L., ANDREWS, JOY C., ABADÍA, JAVIER, HERNÁNDEZ,LUÍS E., Sobrino Plata, Juan, CARRASCO‐GIL, SANDRA, ÁLVAREZ‐FERNÁNDEZ, ANA, MILLÁN, ROCÍO, CARPENA‐RUIZ, RAMÓN O., LEDUC, DANIKA L., ANDREWS, JOY C., ABADÍA, JAVIER, and HERNÁNDEZ,LUÍS E.

Abstract

Three-week-old alfalfa (Medicago sativa), barley (Hordeum vulgare) and maize (Zea mays) were exposed for 7 d to 30 µm of mercury (HgCl2) to characterize the Hg speciation in root, with no symptoms of being poisoned. The largest pool (99%) was associated with the particulate fraction, whereas the soluble fraction (SF) accounted for a minor proportion (<1%). Liquid chromatography coupled with electro-spray/time of flight mass spectrometry showed that Hg was bound to an array of phytochelatins (PCs) in root SF, which was particularly varied in alfalfa (eight ligands and five stoichiometries), a species that also accumulated homophytochelatins. Spatial localization of Hg in alfalfa roots by microprobe synchrotron X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy showed that most of the Hg co-localized with sulphur in the vascular cylinder. Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) fingerprint fitting revealed that Hg was bound in vivo to organic-S compounds, i.e. biomolecules containing cysteine. Albeit a minor proportion of total Hg, Hg–PCs complexes in the SF might be important for tolerance to Hg, as was found with Arabidopsis thaliana mutants cad2-1 (with low glutathione content) and cad1-3 (unable to synthesize PCs) in comparison with wild type plants. Interestingly, high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-time of flight analysis showed that none of these mutants accumulated Hg–biothiol complexes., Depto. de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Fac. de Ciencias Biológicas, TRUE, pub

Published
2024

17. Iron-dependent modifications of the flower transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, and hormonal content in an Arabidopsis ferritin mutant

Author

Sudre, Damien, Gutierrez-Carbonell, Elain, Lattanzio, Giuseppe, Rellán-Álvarez, Rubén, Gaymard, Frédéric, Wohlgemuth, Gert, Fiehn, Oliver, Álvarez-Fernández, Ana, Zamarreño, Angel M, Bacaicoa, Eva, Duy, Daniela, García-Mina, Jose-María, Abadía, Javier, Philippar, Katrin, López-Millán, Ana-Flor, and Briat, Jean-François

Subjects
Nutrition, Genetics, Arabidopsis, Arabidopsis Proteins, Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional, Ferritins, Flowers, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Iron, Mass Spectrometry, Metabolome, Mutation, Plant Growth Regulators, Proteome, Transcriptome, Ferritin, flowers, functional genomics, iron, iron., Plant Biology, Crop and Pasture Production, Plant Biology & Botany
Abstract

Iron homeostasis is an important process for flower development and plant fertility. The role of plastids in these processes has been shown to be essential. To document the relationships between plastid iron homeostasis and flower biology further, a global study (transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, and hormone analysis) was performed of Arabidopsis flowers from wild-type and triple atfer1-3-4 ferritin mutant plants grown under iron-sufficient or excess conditions. Some major modifications in specific functional categories were consistently observed at these three omic levels, although no significant overlaps of specific transcripts and proteins were detected. These modifications concerned redox reactions and oxidative stress, as well as amino acid and protein catabolism, this latter point being exemplified by an almost 10-fold increase in urea concentration of atfer1-3-4 flowers from plants grown under iron excess conditions. The mutant background caused alterations in Fe-haem redox proteins located in membranes and in hormone-responsive proteins. Specific effects of excess Fe in the mutant included further changes in these categories, supporting the idea that the mutant is facing a more intense Fe/redox stress than the wild type. The mutation and/or excess Fe had a strong impact at the membrane level, as denoted by the changes in the transporter and lipid metabolism categories. In spite of the large number of genes and proteins responsive to hormones found to be regulated in this study, changes in the hormonal balance were restricted to cytokinins, especially in the mutant plants grown under Fe excess conditions.

Published
2013

20. Changes in the proteomic and metabolic profiles of Beta vulgaris root tips in response to iron deficiency and resupply

Author

Rellán-Álvarez, Rubén, Andaluz, Sofía, Rodríguez-Celma, Jorge, Wohlgemuth, Gert, Zocchi, Graziano, Álvarez-Fernández, Ana, Fiehn, Oliver, López-Millán, Ana, and Abadía, Javier

Abstract

Abstract Background Plants grown under iron deficiency show different morphological, biochemical and physiological changes. These changes include, among others, the elicitation of different strategies to improve the acquisition of Fe from the rhizosphere, the adjustment of Fe homeostasis processes and a reorganization of carbohydrate metabolism. The application of modern techniques that allow the simultaneous and untargeted analysis of multiple proteins and metabolites can provide insight into multiple processes taking place in plants under Fe deficiency. The objective of this study was to characterize the changes induced in the root tip proteome and metabolome of sugar beet plants in response to Fe deficiency and resupply. Results Root tip extract proteome maps were obtained by 2-D isoelectric focusing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and approximately 140 spots were detected. Iron deficiency resulted in changes in the relative amounts of 61 polypeptides, and 22 of them were identified by mass spectrometry (MS). Metabolites in root tip extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography-MS, and more than 300 metabolites were resolved. Out of 77 identified metabolites, 26 changed significantly with Fe deficiency. Iron deficiency induced increases in the relative amounts of proteins and metabolites associated to glycolysis, tri-carboxylic acid cycle and anaerobic respiration, confirming previous studies. Furthermore, a protein not present in Fe-sufficient roots, dimethyl-8-ribityllumazine (DMRL) synthase, was present in high amounts in root tips from Fe-deficient sugar beet plants and gene transcript levels were higher in Fe-deficient root tips. Also, a marked increase in the relative amounts of the raffinose family of oligosaccharides (RFOs) was observed in Fe-deficient plants, and a further increase in these compounds occurred upon short term Fe resupply. Conclusions The increases in DMRL synthase and in RFO sugars were the major changes induced by Fe deficiency and resupply in root tips of sugar beet plants. Flavin synthesis could be involved in Fe uptake, whereas RFO sugars could be involved in the alleviation of oxidative stress, C trafficking or cell signalling. Our data also confirm the increase in proteins and metabolites related to carbohydrate metabolism and TCA cycle pathways.

Published
2010

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