Search

Zanzibar has made significant progress toward malaria elimination, but recent stagnation requires novel approaches. We developed a highly multiplexed droplet digital PCR (ddPCR)-based amplicon sequencing method targeting 35 microhaplotypes and drug-resistance loci, and successfully sequenced 290 samples from five districts covering both main islands. Here, we elucidate fine-scale Plasmodium falciparum population structure and infer relatedness and connectivity of infections using an identity-by-descent (IBD) approach. Despite high genetic diversity, we observe pronounced fine-scale spatial and temporal parasite genetic structure. Clusters of near-clonal infections on Pemba indicate persistent local transmission with limited parasite importation, presenting an opportunity for local elimination efforts. Furthermore, we observe an admixed parasite population on Unguja and detect a substantial fraction (2.9%) of significantly related infection pairs between Zanzibar and the mainland, suggesting recent importation. Our study provides a high-resolution view of parasite genetic structure across the Zanzibar archipelago and provides actionable insights for prioritizing malaria elimination efforts.

Purpose: This paper intends to argue against the idea of an asocial business arena by reiterating the original philosophical underpinnings of theories on the creation of society, societal institutions and the relationship between society and societal institutions. This paper posits that business and ethics, though initially aligned, have been systematically maligned and distorted. The authors present a theoretically justified argument that business and ethics can and should seamlessly exist in the same realm. Design/methodology/approach: This is a theoretical study that endeavors to go back to the original theories on business and society to challenge the view that business ethics is an oxymoron. For this purpose, the authors survey and interpret the scholarly works of Adam Smith, Aristotle and John Locke. Findings: Given the economic debacles faced by the USA and the world economy in the past two decades, this study argues that one significant factor for these financial disasters could be that the original ideas about self-interest, societal interest, the free market system and the relationship between society and its constituting components, i.e. individuals, groups and institutions, have been distorted over time. Based on the interpretation of the original ideas around business and society, the authors find that some distortion of the original theories have indeed occurred. Originality/value: This study is going against a well-established prevalent idea that business ethics is an oxymoron. It is claimed that the endoxa about business and its place in society often represents misinterpretations of the original ideas on the relationship between business and society. The originality of this work lies in challenging this dangerous idea by revisiting by journeying back in philosophical history to cut through the ideological scar tissue and reach the original arguments surrounding society and societal institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inclusive education is a rising trend in the world. The first step towards inclusive education is providing the awareness to the general education teachers. This study focused to investigate the general education teachers of primary and secondary level awareness about the special education and inclusive education. This study is descriptive method used survey type. Closed ended questionnaire developed for collecting data. 300 teachers were selected as sample from primary and secondary schools through random sampling technique. Teacher's awareness level unfortunately not good particularly primary rural areas school teachers. The age groups (25-30) of teachers with high qualification have strong awareness level about special education (90%) and inclusive education (40%). While,senior age group (51-55) have poor knowledge about special education (40%) and inclusive education (2%). Respondents' education matters regarding awareness about special education and inclusive education. Awareness level was escalating with education.

Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) has been first-line treatment for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria globally for the past 10-15 years and has contributed greatly to a reduction of malaria illnesses and [...]

Algeria underwent expedited urbanization in response to a growing demand for housing. The study aims to identify the current housing situation in Algiers from 1984 to 2021 using official statistics and a field investigation of a sample of 600 households. The study also used Landsat 5 and 8 satellite images to analyze the development of vegetation cover in the province, so the results analyzed in SIG. This study shows that the built-up area has increased from 47.32 km2 in 1984 to 81.34 km2 in 2021, damaging the fertile Mitidja plain. Inadequate housing persists despite the rise in residential construction, and insecure dwellings are proliferating due to migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the US there have been three major evolutionary steps in the development of organizations after World War II. The first stage is with management as a function, the second is with the command and control organization and the third is decentralization and distinction between policy and operations. The third stage is evolving away from the command-and-control organization to knowledge-based organizations. Organizations implement innovative work practices that create knowledge-based organizations. This paper discusses some of these practices and the issues faced in implementing them. The authors conclude by pointing out that aside from entities such as civil society and unions etc., institutional support and support from public policy bodies is crucial to implementing innovative work systems that create sustainable organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)