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Heavy metals have negative impacts on human health including red blood cells hemolysis and increases oxidation processes, leading to many health issues. In this study, several blood samples were collected from people who work in North Oil Company, Kirkuk, Iraq. In addition to people who live, work away from oil fields as the control group. This investigation looks at the impact of various concentrations of cadmium and / or lead individually and combined (Cd:Pb) on erythrocytes hemolysis. The findings demonstrated that hemolysis produced by the (100 mM) were (72.0, 88.80, and 96.90%) for (Cd, Pb, and Cd: Pb) respectively. Vitamins (B2 and C) were applied with different concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 mol/L). to investigate the reduction of hemolysis percentage. The findings showed that both vitamins have positive effect in reducing the hemolysis percentage. Vitamin C has even more significant impact in reducing the hemolysis compared to Vitamin B2. In conclusion, cadmium and lead can cause erythrocyte hemolysis individually or combined, additionally, vitamins C and B2 were proved to in reducing hemolysis effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current article concerns wastewater contamination with lead and cadmium due to their toxicity and negative impacts on living creatures and the ecosystem. The study included the assessment of the physiochemical properties and the concentrations of some ions in the wastewater of some industrial plants in Kirkuk governorate Coded (Area 1 to Area 5). The physiochemical properties include temperature, pH, total dissolved solids (T.D.S.), total suspended solids (T.S.S.), electrical conductivity (E.C◦), total hardness, and turbidity. The concentration of ions includes nitrate (NO-3), magnesium (Mg2+), calcium (Ca2+), sulphate (SO2-4), chloride (cl-), sodium (Na+), phosphate (PO3-4), lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd). The findings demonstrated that the phosphate (PO3-4) and lead (Pb and Cd) concentrations were more than the permitted limits. All the physiochemical properties have shown elevated levels compared to the normal values except for those related to total hardness and turbidity, which were unacceptable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]