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Objective: To compare the results of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Capillary Electrophoresis in the screening of haemoglobinopathies. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Haematology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from May 2020 to Nov 2020. Methodology: Ninety(90) newly diagnosed patients with haemoglobinopathies were included. Patients with a history of recent blood transfusion (<4 weeks) were excluded. Venous blood samples were taken in EDTA tubes, separated into two aliquots and evaluated in parallel on High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Capillary Electrophoresis analyzers. Results: Nine different haemoglobinopathies were encountered in the study sample. The most common condition was beta thalassaemia trait found in 50(55.6%) subjects, while Haemoglobin (Hb) (D) homozygous was the least common, detected in only 1(1.1%) subjects. A significant difference was observed between values in cases of Hb(D) Iran trait; Mean Hb(A2) percentage detected by HPLC was 41.96±1.46% compared to 1.5±0.79% detected by CE (p-value<0.001). CE detected a mean of 41.4±1.01% of Hb(D)Iran in the patients of the Hb(D) Iran trait, while High-Performance Liquid Chromatography did not detect this Hb variant (p-value<0.001). A significant difference was also found in cases of Hb(E) trait in percentages of Hb(A2) and Hb(E) variants. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography detected a mean of 31.43±2.84% of Hb(A2) compared to 4.5±0.5% detected by CE (p-value=0.003). Conclusion: Capillary electrophoresis is capable of identifying haemoglobin variants Hb(D) Iran and Hb(E) in cases of Hb(D) Iran trait and Hb(E) trait/Hb(E) homozygous, which HPLC does not pick up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the frequency of erythrocytosis and compare the clinical features and haematological parameters in patients presenting with primary and secondary erythrocytosis in the Pakistani population. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from May 2020 to May 2021. Methodology: Eighty-three subjects presenting with marked erythrocytosis (Hb-17 g/dl or more, HCT - 50% or more) were included in the study, while those admitted with conditions leading to spurious polycythaemia or patients on diuretics were excluded. Polycythaemia vera was diagnosed as per revised WHO criteria 2016. Results: Only 23 subjects (27.71%) fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for Polycythaemia vera, while 60 subjects (72.29%) had secondary erythrocytosis. Significant differences were observed in haematological patterns between Polycythaemia vera and Secondary erythrocytosis patients. Of the 23 Polycythaemia vera subjects, 20(86.9%) were males and only 3(13.1%) were females, whereas 35(58.3%) out of 60 subjects with secondary erythrocytosis were males and 25(41.6%) were females (p=0.01). Males showed a higher frequency of Polycythaemia vera and, hence, of Janus Kinase2 positivity than females (Odds ratio=0.23, p=0.02). Conclusion: Polycythemia vera is less common than secondary erythrocytosis in the local population. Males showed a higher frequency of Polycythemia vera and, hence, of Janus Kinase2 positivity than females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For decades, software development efforts are being plagued by projects which are released with delays and failure to meet user expectations. Agile approaches, which are a new set of software development processes depending on the notions of adaptation and flexibility, are currently being promoted as a solution to solve these recurring issues and pave the way for future success. An estimate involving costs, complexity, effort, and a timeframe within Agile Software approaches is required for accurate assessment and similar project data. The preceding methods, including analogy and planning poker, are useless in the presence of past records and expertise. The current study in Agile Development and Efficient estimate is the topic of this study. Also, it emphasizes the issues with current agile processes, proposing a solution for correct cost and effort estimates as an outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzing human behaviors using computer-based approaches is a new dimension of digital humanity. It integrates computing with healthcare, psychology, and social media. Like other healthcare and medical-related problems, anxiety and depressive disorders are common in Pakistan. In the existing era, this disease is not only affecting people of all ages but the impact of depression is also witnessed on social media communications. On social media, anyone could not guess about the mental conditions of a user through his/ her tweets or comments. Especially, the prediction of depressed unknown users through his behavior on social media is a hard task. Computer science and the medical domain can eliminate such healthcare-related issues. In this paper, a system has been proposed to detect and analyze the behavior of a user on social media. The proposed system comprises of an algorithm that performs sentimental analysis of users’ tweets and comments and a web-based platform to share best practices and success stories of users who have recovered from the disease. The system has been tested on real-time data obtained from tweeter using Application Programming Interface (API). Top trends have been focused to obtain the data and the proposed system successfully detected the users under depression. After working on the huge dataset, the proposed system will be a good contribution to humanity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]