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The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of maxillary third molar impaction and angulation, as well as its relationship to the maxillary sinus, in a group of Yemeni students. Panoramic x-rays were used to assess 200 students, 102 men and 98 females, in this retrospective investigation. Chi-square tests were used to assess age, gender, maxillary sinus approximation to maxillary third molar roots, depth of impaction, and angulation. A total of 327 maxillary third molars were examined; the most congenitally missing maxillary third molar was on the right side, and females (10.25%) had more maxillary third molars engaged in the maxillary sinus than males (8.0%) (4.9%). Type A (52.9%) was the most common according to Pell and Gregory's classification, although vertical angulations of the maxillary third molar were seen more frequently (85.32%). Congenitally missing maxillary third molars are more common in females, and position A was the most common among the maxillary third molars on a vertical level. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de la impactación y angulación del tercer molar maxilar, así como su relación con el seno maxilar, en un grupo de estudiantes yemeníes. Se utilizaron radiografías panorámicas para evaluar a 200 estudiantes, 102 hombres y 98 mujeres, en esta investigación retrospectiva. Se utilizaron pruebas de chi-cuadrado para evaluar la edad, el sexo, la aproximación del seno maxilar a las raíces del tercer molar superior, la profundidad de la impactación y la angulación. Se examinaron un total de 327 terceros molares maxilares; el tercer molar superior faltante congénitamente estaba en el lado derecho, y las mujeres (10,25 %) tenían más terceros molares superiores encajados en el seno maxilar que los hombres (8,0 %) (4,9 %). El tipo A (52,9%) fue el más común según la clasificación de Pell y Gregory, aunque las angulaciones verticales del tercer molar superior se observaron con mayor frecuencia (85,32%). Los terceros molares maxilares que faltan congénitamente son más comunes en las mujeres, y la posición A fue la más común entre los terceros molares maxilares en un nivel vertical. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência de impacção e angulação de terceiros molares superiores, bem como sua relação com o seio maxilar, em um grupo de estudantes iemenitas. Radiografias panorâmicas foram usadas para avaliar 200 alunos, 102 homens e 98 mulheres, nesta investigação retrospectiva. Testes de qui-quadrado foram usados para avaliar idade, sexo, aproximação do seio maxilar às raízes dos terceiros molares superiores, profundidade de impacção e angulação. Um total de 327 terceiros molares superiores foram examinados; o terceiro molar superior mais ausente congenitamente foi do lado direito, e as mulheres (10,25%) tiveram mais terceiros molares superiores engajados no seio maxilar do que os homens (8,0%) (4,9%). O tipo A (52,9%) foi o mais comum segundo a classificação de Pell e Gregory, embora as angulações verticais do terceiro molar superior tenham sido observadas com maior frequência (85,32%). Terceiros molares superiores congenitamente ausentes são mais comuns no sexo feminino, e a posição A foi a mais comum entre os terceiros molares superiores em nível vertical.

Background: The goal of this cross-sectional study was to determine the mandibular third molar impaction in an adult Yemeni student using the Pell & Gregory and Winter classification. Methods: An orthopantomographic x-ray was used to assess 200 students (mean age 22.34 years), 102 males and 98 females. The data was subjected to statistical tests, which included age, gender, angulation, width, and impaction depth. Results: Of 345 mandibular third molars examined, mandibular third molars were congenitally missing in about 14% of the cases, approximately 7.5% in females and 6.5 % in males. According to Pell and Gregory's classification, this study found a significant bilateral relation, with type A being the most prevalent in roughly half of the participants (61.4%). Type C, on the other hand, came in second with 22.9%, and this relationship was significant on both sides, particularly in women, who had greater mandibular third molar impaction than men. The vertical angulations of mandibular third molars showed the greatest vertical angulation (82.02%), followed by mesioangular (16.5%). Conclusion: The impaction pattern of mandibular third molars in Yemeni culture revealed a significant incidence of mesioangular, level B, and class II impaction, with more females than males. Antecedentes: El objetivo de este estudio transversal fue determinar la impactación del tercer molar mandibular en un estudiante yemení adulto utilizando la clasificación de Pell & Gregory y Winter. Métodos: Se evaluó mediante radiografía ortopantomográfica a 200 estudiantes (edad media 22,34 años), 102 varones y 98 mujeres. Los datos se sometieron a pruebas estadísticas, que incluyeron edad, género, angulación, ancho y profundidad de impactación. Resultados: De 345 terceros molares mandibulares examinados, los terceros molares mandibulares faltaban congénitamente en aproximadamente el 14 % de los casos, aproximadamente el 7,5 % en mujeres y el 6,5 % en hombres. Según la clasificación de Pell y Gregory, este estudio encontró una relación bilateral significativa, siendo el tipo A el más prevalente en aproximadamente la mitad de los participantes (61,4%). El tipo C, por su parte, quedó en segundo lugar con un 22,9 %, y esta relación fue significativa en ambos lados, especialmente en las mujeres, que presentaban una mayor impactación del tercer molar mandibular que los hombres. Las angulaciones verticales de los terceros molares mandibulares presentaron la mayor angulacion vertical (82,02%), seguida de la mesioangular (16,5%). Conclusión: El patrón de impactación de los terceros molares mandibulares en la cultura yemení reveló una incidencia significativa de mesioangular, nivel B y clase II. impactación, con más mujeres que hombres. Introdução: O objetivo deste estudo transversal foi determinar a impactação de terceiros molares inferiores em um estudante iemenita adulto usando a classificação de Pell & Gregory e Winter. Métodos: A radiografia ortopantomográfica foi utilizada para avaliar 200 alunos (idade média de 22,34 anos), 102 do sexo masculino e 98 do sexo feminino. Os dados foram submetidos a testes estatísticos, que incluíram idade, sexo, angulação, largura e profundidade de impactação. Resultados: Dos 345 terceiros molares inferiores examinados, os terceiros molares inferiores estavam congenitamente ausentes em cerca de 14% dos casos, aproximadamente 7,5% nas mulheres e 6,5% nos homens. De acordo com a classificação de Pell e Gregory, este estudo encontrou uma relação bilateral significativa, sendo o tipo A o mais prevalente em cerca de metade dos participantes (61,4%). O tipo C, por outro lado, ficou em segundo lugar com 22,9%, e essa relação foi significativa em ambos os lados, principalmente nas mulheres, que tiveram maior impactação de terceiros molares inferiores do que os homens. As angulações verticais dos terceiros molares inferiores apresentaram a maior angulação vertical (82,02%), seguida pela mesioangular (16,5%). Conclusão: O padrão de impactação dos terceiros molares inferiores na cultura iemenita revelou uma incidência significativa de mesioangular, nível B e classe II impactação, com mais mulheres do que homens.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to consider the potential association between the formation of salivary streptococcus biofilms and the incidence of caries, as well as with the occurrence of antibiotic resistance among adult mothers in Sana'a, Yemen. Study design: A total of 261; 25-35 year old females were chosen. Clinical examination of females were performed to estimate dental caries experience with the Silness-Loe index, as well as stimulated saliva were collected to assess biofilm production by the phenotypic method i.e. Tissue culture palate methods (TCPM). Finally, antibiogram susceptibility pattern of isolated S. mutans was done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method for 6 β-Lactam antibiotics (ampicillin, penicillin, amoxicillin, cefotaxime, methicillin and cefazolin) and 4 non β-Lactam antibiotics (clindamycin, erythromycin, lincomycin and vancomycin). Results: When isolated S. mutans were exposed to biofilm detection by TCP method, 31 (12.2%) showed high biofilm formation capacity, 46 (18%) showed moderate biofilm formation capacity, while 184 (72.2%) showed non / weak formation capacity of biofilm. The overall rate of biofilm formation was 30.2%. There was an escalation in the rate of formation of S. mutans biofilms with an increased degree of caries index. The S. mutans biofilms positve showed a higher rate of resistance than non/weak biofilm formation e.g ampicillin (28.6% versus 12.9%, p = 0.002), amoxicillin (77.9% versus 18%, p

Background and Objectives: Primary teeth and the integrity of the primary teeth are very important for the normal growth and progress of the occlusal relationships and the dentofacial structures. Premature loss of the primary teeth may lead to the loss of the arch length needed for the eruption of permanent teeth and thus lead to rotation, crowding, and impaction of permanent teeth. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of premature loss of primary teeth among children aged 6-10 years in Sana'a city, Yemen. Materials and methods: This observational cross-sectional study included 1091 children, aged 6-10 years. An experienced examiner the first author carried out all clinical examinations under natural light. Data were collected including age and missing teeth. Results: The results showed that 26% of the sample suffered premature loss of primary teeth with no significant difference between the sexes (P> 0.05). There was low in prevalence of premature loss of primary teeth in 10 years (17.7%), while the rate raised to 29.7%, 31.6%, and 31.7% in 6,7 and 9 years respectively. When considering the number of teeth, the prevalence of one premature loss was 10.8%, followed by two premature losses (9.8%), while the loss rate of 3 or more was5.4%. Considering dental arch 61.8% of loss was Mandible loss, while the loss in Maxilla was 38.1% only. The most common missing tooth is the first lower right primary molar (17%). Conclusion: The prevalence of premature loss in our study is similar to that of developing countries, the rate was low at 10 years for children, while the rate increased at 6,7 and 9 years; most of the loss was in the lower jaw and the most common missing tooth was the right lower primary molar. This result determines the importance of increasing awareness of this problem and focusing on the need for more preventive efforts to maintain healthy and natural teeth that improve the chewing function and aesthetic appearance of children and the entire population. Peer Review History: Received 25 July 2020; Revised 15 August; Accepted 26 August, Available online 15 September 2020 UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Name: Dr. Mohamed Amin El-Emam Affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University in Alexandria (PUA), Alexandria, Egypt. E-mail: mohamed.elemam@pua.edu.eg Name: Dr. Mohammad Tauseef Affiliation: College of Pharmacy, Chicago State University E-mail: mtauseef@csu.edu Comments of reviewer(s): Similar Articles: CAUSES FOR EXTRACTION OF PERMANENT TEETH IN GENERAL DENTAL PRACTICES IN YEMEN PREVALENCE AND CAUSES OF TRAUMATIC DENTAL INJURIES TO ANTERIOR TEETH AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN SANA'A CITY, YEMEN PREVALENCE OF MALOCCLUSION AMONG YEMENI CHILDREN OF PRIMARY SCHOOLS RISK FACTORS OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES AMONG YEMENI YOUNG DENTAL PATIENTS

Background and aims: Fixed Orthodontic Appliances (FOA) act as diverse impact zones and modify microbial adherence and colonization, acting as unfamiliar reserves and potential sources of infection This study was conducted to inspect the effect of the introduction of fixed orthodontic appliances on the growth and adherence (biofilm formation) of Candida species. And also to reveal the species distribution and antifungal sensitivity to isolated Candida species. Material and methods: The trial group was chosen from orthodontic patients whom were inspected clinically as soon as to get baseline information prior to active treatment. The group included 210 patients; 165 females, and 45 males, (mean age 21.6 ± 4.5 years). Clinical, demographic, and risk factor data were collected in a standard questionnaire and then each individual was directed to perform an oral rinse with phosphate-buffered saline, which was expectorated and processed proposed for the isolation and identification of Candida species by standard methods. After that, the isolated Candida species were tested for biofilm production by the phenotypic method i.e. Tissue culture palate methods (TCPM). Finally, antibiogram susceptibility pattern of oral Candida species was done by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method for amphotericin B, ketoconazole, and fluconazole. Results: The most common yeast colonized oral cavity after the introduction of FOA was C. albicans (72.5%), followed by C. glabrata and C. tropicalis (12.5%), while Candida parapsilosis only was 2.5%. The rate of formation of biofilms was 52.5% for all types of Candida, and it was found that biofilm formation occurs more frequently among C. tropicals and C. glabrata (60%) than C. albicans (48.3%). All Candida species isolates were sensitive to amphotericin B and ketoconazole while resistance to fluconazole was found in 40% of C. tropicalis and 20% in C. glabrata and 13.8% in C. albicans. Conclusion: The present study proved that C. albicans is still the major isolate from the oral cavity after the introduction of FOA, but non-albicans species colonization is raised and FOA might be a factor for biofilm formation. The C. tropicalis and C. glabrata were more– biofilm-producers compared to C. albicans. The isolated species in the current study are less susceptible to fluconazole and drug resistant factor in the Candida species isolates was found to be associated with biofilm formation. Peer Review History: Received 24 July 2020; Revised 13 August; Accepted 4 September, Available online 15 September 2020 UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Name: Dr. Wadhah Hassan Edrees Affiliation: Hajjah University, Yemen E-mail: edress2020@gmail.com Name: Dr. Muhammad Zahid Iqbal Affiliation: AIMST University, Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia E-mail: drmmziqbal@gmail.com Comments of reviewer(s): Similar Articles: ORAL CANDIDA ALBICANS COLONIZATION RATE IN FIXED ORTHODONTICS PATIENTS ORAL C. ALBICANS COLONIZATION AND NON-CANDIDA ALBICANS CANDIDA COLONIZATION AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS, YEMEN PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF ORAL NON-CANDIDA ALBICANS CANDIDA CARRIAGE IN DENTURE WEARERS IN SANA'A CITY- YEMEN