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The accurate determination of sugar content in tangerines plays a pivotal role in assessing their quality, nutritional value, and marketability. Traditional methods for sugar quantification often involve time-consuming and resource-intensive processes. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach for sugar determination in tangerines utilizing fluorescence spectroscopy in conjunction with an improved Partial Least Squares (iPLS) algorithm. A robust testing model was developed, incorporating a diverse dataset of tangerine samples with known sugar concentrations. Fluorescence spectra were acquired for 80 samples, of which 37 were used to build the iPLS model and were considered as the training dataset. The remaining 43 samples served as the validation dataset and were used to show the model's efficacy. The training dataset was evaluated using cross-validation, and F -values were computed to determine how many main components should be utilized to build the model. The result approved validation dataset's R -square and root-mean-square error were 0.9777 and 0.002992, respectively. These findings open the door to broader applications in the citrus industry and beyond, with the potential for automating the analysis process and improving overall quality control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Port-wine stains (PWS) are congenital vascular malformations characterized by capillary malformations that persist and often darken over time. Traditional treatment methods, including laser therapy, have shown varying degrees of effectiveness and can be associated with significant side effects. Hematoporphyrin Monomethyl Ether-Photodynamic Therapy (HMME-PDT) has emerged as a promising alternative, offering targeted treatment with potentially fewer adverse effects. This paper aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy and potential of HMME-PDT as a treatment strategy for PWS. It provides a comprehensive review of the literature and clinical investigations to assess the application and outcomes of HMME-PDT in treating PWS. Briefly introduce the nature of PWS, innovations and challenges in treatment, the mechanism of HMME-PDT, clinical effectiveness and sonographic appearance, safety and long-term effects, and challenges and suggestions for optimizing treatment. The review highlights the mechanism by which HMME-PDT works, focusing on its ability to target abnormal blood vessels selectively. Clinical evaluations included clinical and sonographic assessments to determine the efficacy of the treatment. The findings revealed significant improvements in the clinical appearance and sonographic features of vascular lesions following HMME-PDT. The paper also discusses the utility of dermoscopy in HMME-PDT applications, factors affecting treatment efficacy, the impact of thermal assistance on the effectiveness of PDT, and the management of adverse reactions through proper nursing care. The review underscores the considerable potential of HMME-PDT as an effective treatment for PWS, noting its promising outcomes in clinical and sonographic assessments. However, it also emphasizes the need for further research to standardize treatment protocols and assess long-term outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of modern power systems, the reliance on a single-time-of-use electricity pricing model presents challenges in managing electric vehicle (EV) charging in a way that can effectively accommodate the variable supply and demand patterns, particularly in the presence of wind power generation. This often results in undesirable peak–valley differences in microgrid load profiles. To address this challenge, this paper introduces an innovative approach that combines time-of-use electricity pricing with the flexible energy storage capabilities of electric vehicles. By dynamically adjusting the time-of-use electricity prices and implementing a tiered carbon pricing system, this paper presents a comprehensive strategy for formulating optimized charging and discharging plans that leverage the inherent flexibility of electric vehicles. This approach aims to mitigate the fluctuations in the microgrid load and enhance the overall grid stability. The proposed strategy was simulated and compared with the no-incentive and single-incentive strategies. The results indicate that the load peak-to-trough difference was reduced by 30.1% and 18.6%, respectively, verifying its effectiveness and superiority. Additionally, the increase in user income and the reduction in carbon emissions verify the need for the development of EVs in tandem with clean energy for environmental benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, research and development on progressive and efficient hydrogen production methods has been paid lots of attention due to carbon-free feature of hydrogen. Application of nanoparticles to enhance an integrated solar-based hydrogen production unit is suggested and investigated in this work. The integrated plant consists of parabolic trough collectors coupled with a Kalina cycle for electricity generation to be consumed in a polymer electrolyte membrane electrolyzer for hydrogen production. The system performance is apprised for nanofluid as the heat transfer media for solar collectors and is compared with the pure basefluid case. Thermal model for parabolic trough collectors as well as thermodynamic models for Kalina cycle and electrolyzer are developed and validated. Also, thermo physical properties of nanofluid is assessed based on volume fraction of the nanoparticles. Parametric analyses are implemented for system performance assessment in which influence of design variables related to solar collectors, nanoparticels as well as the Kalina cycle are appraised. The effect on the hydrogen rate and solar-to-hydrogen exergy efficiency of design variables are comprehensively examined and discussed. According to the obtained results, the η e x , S T H is found to be 9.19% for the case with basefluid (without nanoparticles), whereas it can be improved to 9.63% with employment of 5% volume fraction of CuO nanoparticles. Such an efficiency improvement is due to the increment of hydrogen production from 0.669 kg/h to 0.702 kg/h using CuO-based nanofluid. • Effect of nanoparticles are evaluated in a PTC unit applied for hydrogen production. • Kalina cycle and PEM electrolyzer is used for electricity and hydrogen production. • Thermal and exergetic evaluations are carried out for performance investigation. • The CuO is found as the best nanoparticle among the three considered types. • Performance enhancement of around 5% is found with nanoparticle incorporation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]