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Hammouda Hamdy Ghoraba,1,2 Mahmoud Leila,3 Mohamed Shebl,4 Mohamed Ahmed Abdelhafez,4 Haithem Maamoun Abdelfattah4,5 1Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; 2Magrabi Eye Hospital, Tanta, Egypt; 3Retina Department, Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza, Egypt; 4Vitreoretinal Consultant, Magrabi Eye Hospital, Tanta, Egypt; 5Vitreoretinal Associate Consultant, Benha Teaching Hospital, Benha, EgyptCorrespondence: Mahmoud LeilaRetina Department, Research Institute of Ophthalmology, Giza, EgyptTel +201286644025Email mahmoudleila@yahoo.comPurpose: To assess the efficacy of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and silicone oil tamponade for management of myopic retinal detachment associated with macular hole (MRDMH) and to assess the anatomical and functional outcomes of this technique and its long-term validity after silicone oil removal.Methods: Retrospective interventional non-comparative case series including consecutive patients who had PPV and silicone oil tamponade for MRDMH. All patients had an axial length ≥ 26 mm. Main outcome measures were retinal re-attachment and macular hole closure after silicone oil removal, improvement of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and complications secondary to surgery. Chi square/Fisher’s exact test was used to analyze categorical variables, while One-way ANOVA/Kruskal–Wallis test was used to compare variables across the closure type and complications. Correlations between numerical variables were tested using Spearman correlation. Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate the event-free survival. P value is significant at 0.05.Results: The study included 26 eyes of 26 patients. Retinal re-attachment rate after primary and secondary surgeries was 88.4% and 100%, respectively. W-type macular hole closure occurred in 58% of eyes. Vision improved in 58% of eyes. Mean final BCVA was 0.05 decimal units, p = 0.004. Cataract and glaucoma developed in 42% and 15% of eyes, respectively. Initial BCVA, axial length and duration of silicone oil tamponade did not correlate significantly with either the type of macular hole closure or the final BCVA.Conclusion: PPV and silicone oil tamponade technique promotes successful anatomical and functional outcome in MRDMH. Long-term success is maintained after silicone oil removal. High incidence of silicone oil-induced complications mandate its removal from eyes with successful retinal re-attachment.Keywords: retinal detachment in high myopia, myopic macular hole, retinal detachment secondary to myopic macular hole, PPV for myopic retinal detachment associated with macular hole

Hammouda Hamdy Ghoraba,1,2 Hosam Othman Mansour,1,3 Mohamed Ahmed Abdelhafez,1 Sameh Mohamed El Gouhary,4 Adel Galal Zaky,4 Mohamed Amin Heikal,5 Ali Ahmed Ali Ghali3 1Magrabi Eye Hospital, Tanta, Egypt; 2Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; 3Al Azhar University, Damietta Branch, New Damietta, Egypt; 4Meunofia University, Meunofia, Egypt; 5Benha University, Benha, EgyptCorrespondence: Hosam Othman MansourAl Azhar University, Damietta Branch, New Damietta, EgyptTel +201001559282Email drhmansor@yahoo.comBackground and Objectives: To compare anatomical and visual results of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with or without additional encircling band in the management of pediatric traumatic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RD) in a tertiary referral center.Methods: A retrospective review of children diagnosed with traumatic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment treated by pars plana vitrectomy with or without encircling band.Results: One hundred thirty-nine eyes of 139 children diagnosed with traumatic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Surgeries were performed between May 2011 and November 2016. Patients were followed up for at least 18 months after last intervention. The included eyes were categorized into two groups. Group A (vitrectomy with additional encircling band) included 72 eyes of 72 children; 58 boys and 14 girls. Group B (vitrectomy without encircling band) included 67 eyes of 67 children; 58 boys and 9 girls. In group A, the mean age was 9.21± 3.24. Attached retina was achieved in 61% (44 out of 72 eyes), of which 34 eyes remained attached after silicon oil removal, and 10 eyes remained attached under silicon oil tamponade. Recurrent RD under oil was present in 28 eyes (38.9%). In group B, the mean age was 11.06± 3.64. Attached retina was present in 61.2% (41 out of 67 eyes), of which 30 eyes remained attached after oil removal, and 11 eyes remained attached under silicon oil tamponade. Recurrent RD was present in 26 eyes (38.8%). In group A, the final visual acuity (VA) ranged from NLP to 0.5; 58.7% of patients achieved VA more than counting fingers at 1 meter, and 34.6% of patients achieved VA of 0.05 or more. In group B, the final postoperative VA ranged from NLP to 0.9; 16% of patients achieved VA from counting fingers at 1 meter to 0.05, and 29.2% achieved VA of 0.05 or more.Conclusion: Although no statistically significant difference between the two groups (combined vitrectomy and encircling band versus vitrectomy alone in pediatric traumatic retinal detachment), it is wise to consider adding encircling band in severe trauma cases.Keywords: trauma, pediatric retinal detachment, encircling band, pars plana vitrectomy, silicon oil

This manuscript addresses a significant research gap in the study by employing a mathematical model of photo thermoelastic wave propagation in a rotator semiconductor medium under the effect of a magnetic field and initial stress, as well as ramp-type heating. The considered model is formulated during the photothermal theory and in two-dimensional (2D) electronic-elastic deformation. The governing equations represent the interaction between the primary physical parameters throughout the process of photothermal transfer. Computational simulations are performed to determine the temperature, carrier density, displacement components, normal stress, and shear stress using the application of Lame's potential and normal mode analysis. Numerical calculations are carried out and graphically displayed for an isotropic semiconductor like silicon (Si) material. Furthermore, comparisons are made with the previous results obtained by the others, as well as in the presence and absence of magnetic field, rotation, and initial stress. The obtained results illustrate that the rotation, initial stress, magnetic field, and ramp-type heating parameter all have significant effects. This investigation provides valuable insights into the synergistic dynamics among a magnetization constituent, semiconducture structures, and wave propagation, enabling advancements in nuclear reactors' construction, operation, electrical circuits, and solar cells., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: It is unknown whether the existence of severe bystander damage will affect left ventricular (LV) healing following primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). The aim of the present analysis was to follow LV recovery using 2D speckle tracking echocardiography (2-D STE) in cases with single versus multiple vessel disease with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who underwent PPCI and to assess major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) within 3 months., Patients and Methods: This work was conducted at Assiut University Heart Hospital. Of 1026 screened subjects with AMI needing PPCI and assessed for eligibility, only 89 cases fulfilled the inclusion criteria. They were classified into Group A: single vessel and Group B: multiple vessel (≥ 2 vessels) disease. Their data were obtained on admittance and after 90 days., Results: In group A compared to group B, there was a statistically preferable value at baseline in the global longitudinal strain- Apical 2 chamber (GLS-A2C) (-12.05 ± 3.57 vs. -10.38 ± 3.92, P = 0.039). At follow-up, the improvement was in all 2-D STE variables, including GLS-long axis (GLS-LAX) (-13.09 ± 3.84 vs.-10.75 ± 3.96, P = 0.006), GLS- apical 4 chamber (GLS-A4C) (-13.23 ± 3.51 vs.-10.62 ± 4.08, P = 0.002), GLS-A2C (-13.85 ± 3.41 vs-10.93 ± 3.97, P < 0.001) and GLS- average (GLS-AVG, P = 0.001). There was a considerable negative correlation between the recovery of LV performance and the existence of multi-vessel lesions (P = 0.009). There was no variance between the groups regarding MACEs., Conclusions: Patients with single vessel lesions who underwent PPCI to the culprit lesion had better recovery of LV function than those with multi-vessel (≥ 2 vessels) lesions who underwent PPCI to the culprit lesion only. The presence of multivessel involvement was an independent risk factor for deterioration in GLS., Trial Registration: Registered in clinical trial, clinicalTrial.gov ID NCT04103008 (25/09/2019). IRB registration: 17,100,834 (05/11/2019)., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

The recent study is focused on discussion of heat transfer and magnetic field results of peristaltic flow of Rabinowitsch fluid model in an Inclined Channel. In this piece of research, peristalsis's fundamental problem with heat transfer in the presence of a magnetic field is checked. An incompressible Rabinowitsch fluid is present in an inclined channel, which is considered as the reference for this research. The solutions are devised with the assumptions of long wavelength and low Reynolds number approximations. The resulting equations are then solved exactly by implementing various command of MATHEMATICA subject to relevant boundary conditions. Results are discussed for various flow quantities like temperature, velocity, tangential stress, pressure gradient and rise, and friction force. Computational simulations are performed to determine the flow quantities. This investigation goes beyond mere calculations and examines particle motion to gain deeper insights into flow quantities. Furthermore, this investigates how magnetic field and heat transfer parameters influence these peristaltic flow phenomena. The outcomes of important parameters were plotted and scrutinized. There is amultitude of medical implementations derived from the current consideration, such as the depiction of the gastric juice motion in the small intestine when an endoscope is inserted through it., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

In the present paper, the effects of magnetic field and heat transfer on the peristaltic flow of a Jeffery fluid through a porous medium in an asymmetric channel have been studied. The governing non-linear partial differential equations representing the flow model are transmuted into linear ones by employing the appropriate non-dimensional parameters under the assumption of long wavelength and low Reynolds number. Exact solutions are presented for the stream function, pressure gradient, and temperature. The frictional force and pressure rise are both computed using numerical integration. Using MATLAB R2023a software, a parametric analysis is performed, and the resulting data is represented graphically. For all physical quantities considered, numerical calculations were made and represented graphically. Trapping phenomena are discussed graphically. The obtained results can be applied to enhance pumping systems in engineering and gastrointestinal functions. This analysis permits body fluids such as blood and lymph to easily move inside the arteries and veins, allowing oxygen supply, waste elimination, and other necessary elements., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Background: Women of reproductive age frequently suffer from psychiatric disorders. The risk of developing anxiety, bipolar, and depressive disorders is especially significant during the perinatal period., Objectives: This article aims to identify and discuss the different psychiatric conditions that might affect pregnant women and update the mother's carers about the recent and updated bidirectional relationship between psychiatric disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes, As well as the most updates in diagnostic and management strategies., Methods: A thorough analysis of the literature was conducted using database searches in EMBASE, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed to obtain the objectives and aim of the study., Results: The presence of maternal mental illness during pregnancy has been linked to preterm delivery, newborn hypoglycemia, poor neurodevelopmental outcomes, and disturbed attachment. Placental anomalies, small-for-gestational-age foetuses, foetal discomfort, and stillbirth are among more undesirable perinatal outcomes., Conclusions: Pregnancy-related psychiatric disorders are frequent. The outcomes for pregnant women, infants, and women's health are all improved by proper diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric problems., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Authors.)

The current work focuses attention on discussing the peristaltic flow of Rabinowitsch nanofluid through ciliated tube. This technical study analyzes heat and mass transfer effects on the flow of a peristaltic flow, incompressible, nanofluid via a ciliated tube. The governing non-linear partial differential equations representing the flow model are transmuted into linear ones by employing the appropriate non-dimensional parameters under the assumption of long wavelength and low Reynolds number. The flow is examined in wave frame of reference moving with the velocity [Formula: see text]. The governing equations have been solved to determine velocity, temperature, concentration, the pressure gradient, pressure rise and the friction force. Using MATLAB R2023a software, a parametric analysis is performed, and the resulting data is represented graphically. The results indicate that the various emerging parameters of interest significantly affect the nanofluid properties within the tube. The present study enhances the comprehension of nanofluid dynamics in tube and offers valuable insights into the influence of heat and mass transfer in such setups. Convective heat transfer is found to be greater at the boundaries resulting in decreased temperature there., (© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.)

This article presents a theoretical study on heat and mass transfer analysis of the peristaltic flow of blood conveying through an asymmetric channel in the presence of inclined to the magnetic field. The effects of ratio of relaxation to retardation times, non-uniform parameter, the non-dimensional amplitude, Hartman number and phase difference have been taken into account. The governing coupled non-linear partial differential equations representing the flow model are transmuted into linear ones by assuming that the wave is very long with a small Reynolds number. The converted mathematical formulations are solved analytically via the Mathematica software. Analytical expressions for the dimensionless velocity profiles of fluid, temperature, concentration, pressure gradient, increase in pressure, heat transfer coefficient and shear stress of the blood are derived. The velocity, temperature, concentration, pressure gradient, increase in pressure, heat transfer coefficient and shear stress were calculated numerically for different values of the parameters, which were represented graphically and find their physical meaning., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

The runt-related transcription factor-1 (RUNX1) gene with its lncRNA RUNXOR are recently becoming a research focus in various diseases, specifically immune-related diseases as they are implicated in multiple pathways. Interestingly, their role in multiple sclerosis (MS) remains unstudied. The present study explored the role of RUNXOR/RUNX1 in the development and progression of MS and investigated their possible mechanism of action. We measured the serum expression levels of lncRNA RUNXOR, as well as RUNX1, microtubule associated protein 2 (MAP2), nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNAs in 30 healthy controls and 120 MS patients subdivided into 4 groups: 30 clinically isolated syndrome patients, 30 relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients in relapse, 30 RRMS patients in remission and 30 secondary progressive MS patients. Additionally, we measured the serum protein levels of RUNX1, MAP2, NGF, BDNF and interleukin-10 (IL-10). All measured RNA expression levels were markedly downregulated and, consequently, the protein levels of RUNX1, MAP2, NGF, BDNF and IL-10 were significantly decreased in MS patients compared to healthy controls. Moreover, the levels of the measured parameters varied significantly within the MS groups. According to receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curve and logistic regression analyses, lncRNA RUNXOR, RUNX1 mRNA and its protein levels were predictors of disease progression, in addition to RUNX1 mRNA exhibiting a diagnostic potential. Altogether, this study suggests the implication of the RUNXOR-RUNX1 axis in MS development, progression, and increased MS-related disability, and highlights the potential utility of the studied parameters as promising diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers for MS., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that there are no competing interests related to this manuscript., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

According to a survey of the literature, nanofluids are superior to traditional fluids at transferring heat. A detailed analysis of the models mentioned above is crucial since there are large gaps in the illumination of current solutions for improving heat transfer in nanomaterials. The ongoing investigation's purpose is to ascertain the tiny size gold particles drift in free with the heat and mass transfer, buoyancy forces, thermophoresis, and Brownian motion of a micropolar nanofluid being transported through a porous medium in an asymmetric channel with a uniform magnetic field using a long-wavelength and low Reynolds number approximation. The resulting dimensionless nonlinear governing equations have been numerically solved using a MATLAB software and the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg integration scheme. Two comparisons with previously investigated problems are also made to confirm our findings, and an excellent concurrence is discovered. As a result, trustworthy results are being given. Numerical solutions are used to describe the effects of different thermal-fluidic parameters on velocity profiles, temperature, concentration, micropolar rotation, pressure gradient, shear stress, heat flux, and nanoparticle volume flux, etc. Tables, graphs, and bar charts are used to present and discuss numerical results that have been produced. A comparison of the resulting numerical solution to earlier literature also reveals a satisfactory level of agreement. Insight into real-world applications such nanofluidic, energy conservation, friction reduction, and power generation are provided by this work. Furthermore, the Brownian and thermophoresis parameters behave significantly differently in a concentration field. On the other hand, the study puts forward an important note that for peristaltic flow of a micropolar fluid with nanoparticles can be controlled by suitably adjusting the micropolar parameter, thermophoresis parameter, nanoparticle Grashof number, and Brownian motion parameter., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Background: Liver cancer is the deadliest malignancy among common tumors. It is the top cause of cancer-related deaths in Egypt, and it is characterized by increasing occurrence among the population. The objective of this study was to determine the outcome of pre-treatment of IQGAP1-shRNA on induced mouse hepatocellular carcinoma model and evaluate the potency of this IQGAP1-shRNA plasmid to recover hepatic cancer as a new tool of cancer therapy. Therefore, we will use RNA interference (RNAi) technology to silence IQGAP1 oncogene to completely recover the chemically induced models for hepatic cancer by designing short RNAi specific for IQGAP1 gene in HCC cells in vivo and construct new vectors suitable for this purpose. We assigned mice into three groups: the first negative control group (NC) was injected with saline, the second control group was injected with shRNA (shNC), the third positive control group was injected with diethylnitrosamine (DENAA), and the fourth group was treated with the IQGAP1-shRNA prior to its exposure to DENA., Results: Our results revealed that the treated group with IQGAP1-shRNA with DENA developed very few cases of hepatic cancer when compared with the positive control group. The positive control group exhibited significant increases in the liver function level as well as a decrease in serum albumin levels when compared to both the treated and the negative control groups. The altered levels of the serum α-fetoprotein as well as of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-4 in DENA-treated mice were significantly ameliorated by IQGAP1-shRNA administration. Flow cytometer analyses have indicated that the silencing of IQGAP1 cannot significantly modulate DENA-induced apoptosis in the circulating blood cells. Moreover, the elevated mRNA expression levels of IQGAP1, IQGAP3, KRas, HRas, interleukin-8, nuclear factor kappa B, caspase-3, caspase-9 and Bcl-2, were significantly decreased by the IQGAP1-shRNA treatment. However, the IQGAP2, DR4, DR5, p53 and BAX genes were found to be significantly up-regulated post-therapy. In agreement with these findings, IQGAP1-shRNA was able to modulate the DENA-induced histological changes in the mice liver which were represented by severe necrosis and hydropic degenerative changes., Conclusion: Our study revealed that IQGAP1-shRNA was able to preserve hepatocyte integrity and the liver histological architecture through the regulation of the expression of IQGAPs, Ras, TRAILs and IL-8 receptors, as well as of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes. Therefore, the silencing of IQGAP1 could be part of a promising therapeutic strategy against hepatic cancer., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Zoheir, Abd-Rabou, Darwish, Abdelhafez and Mahrous.)

Purpose: We aimed to report our early experience treating paediatric pelvic fractures (PPF) surgically, reporting on indications, outcomes, and complications., Methods: Patients aged 0-15 with PPF treated surgically at a level I trauma centre were included prospectively between 2016 and 2018. Fractures were classified according to AO/OTA classification system. Functional evaluation was performed using a modification of the Majeed functional scoring system. Radiological evaluation of vertical and posterior displacement was performed according to Matta and Tornetta criteria and the method described by Keshishyan et al. for assessing pelvic rotational asymmetry., Results: We included 45 patients (77.8% males and 22.2% females), with a mean age of 9.53 ± 3.63 and 19.87 ± 8.84 months of mean follow-up. The functional outcome was excellent in 42 (93.3%) patients, good in two (4.4%), and fair in one (2.2%). Radiologically, the vertical displacement improved from 5.91 ± 4.64 to 3.72 ± 2.87 mm (p-value 0.065), the posterior displacement improved from 7.87 ± 8.18 to 5.33 ± 13.4 mm (p-value 0.031), and the symphyseal diastasis improved from 9.88 ± 7.51 mm to 7.68 ± 3.18 mm (p-value 0.071). Residual pelvic asymmetry improved from 1.2 ± 0.61 to 0.8 ± 0.7 (p-value 0.001). Complications occurred in 21 (46.7%) patients, 11 (24.4%) pin tract infection, six (13.3%) limb length discrepancy, two (4.4%) prominent metals, one (2.2%) subcutaneous haematoma, one (2.2%) infected ISS., Conclusions: We achieved acceptable functional and radiological outcomes after surgically treating a group of patients with PPF, which was relatively safe with minimal complications. The proper approach and fracture fixation tool should be tailored according to the fracture classification and the presence of associated injuries., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Background: Proximal hypospadias, with significant curvature, is one of the most challenging anomalies. Great diversity and a large number of procedures described over the last 4 decades confirmed the fact that no single procedure has been universally accepted or successful. So, the aim of this study is to evaluate double-faced tubularized preputial flap (DFPF) versus transverse tubularized inner preputial flap (Duckett's procedure) as regards surgical outcomes, complications rate, and cosmetic results for repair of penoscrotal hypospadias with chordee. Patients and Methods . This was a prospective comparative study on 144 children with primary penoscrotal hypospadias with moderate or severe chordee, conducted at New Damietta and Assuit hospitals, Al-Azhar University, from March 2016 to March 2022. The patients were randomly divided into two equal groups; group A ( n  = 72) underwent DFPF, and group B ( n  = 72) underwent Duckett's procedure., Results: No significant difference was identified as regards demographic data. The follow-up period ranged from 20 to 66 months (mean of 28 months after DFPF and 31 months after Duckett's repair), and the complication rate was 20.1% (29 of 144 children). There were statistically significant differences between the two groups as regards the urethral stricture, penile rotation, and total complication rate. HOSE score was adopted for assessment of surgical outcomes, urine stream, and cosmetic results., Conclusions: The DFPF technique is feasible and reliable for one-stage repair of penoscrotal hypospadias with chordee and can be considered as a good option as it ensures better surgical and cosmetic outcomes with lower incidence of complications., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Mohamed Shahin et al.)

Coastal civil infrastructure is vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Hurricane storm surge and coastal flooding can cause significant hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads on structures while saltwater intrusion (SWI) may lead to deterioration of foundations. The effects of saltwater intrusion due to Sea Level Rise (SLR) on the foundations of buildings and other civil infrastructure is poorly understood. Such damages may not be detected in a timely fashion nor be insured, leading to significant and unanticipated expenses for building owners. In this study, we evaluate the impact of SWI due to various SLR scenarios on the corrosion of reinforcement in foundations of nearly 137,000 residential buildings in low-lying areas surrounding Mobile Bay, AL. We find that the potential for costly damage is significant. Under an extreme SLR scenario, the annual expected repair costs for the foundations of the studied homes may reach as much as US$90 million by 2100., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Background: This study aimed to explore the association between polymorphisms in three genes: leptin (LEP), leptin receptor (LEPR), and BMP4, and incidence of repeat breeding in Egyptian buffaloes., Methods: DNA was extracted from 160 female buffaloes, involving 108 fertile and 52 repeat breeders. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Sequence analysis and alignment were performed by employing NCBI/BLAST/blastn suite, to identify SNPs among different patterns and alleles. We utilized PredictSNP software to predict the non-synonymous SNPs influences on protein function. Moreover, the conservation score of the amino acids within the target proteins was computed by ConSurf server., Results: The genotyping results showed that LEP and BMP4 genes were monomorphic (CC, GG) in all tested fertile and repeat breeder buffaloes. Leptin gene sequencing showed a non-synonymous C73T SNP, replacing R to C at position 25 within the leptin polypeptide (position 4 in the mature form; R4C) which is a neutral mutation, not affecting function or structure of LEP protein. For LEPR, one synonymous SNP (T102C) and two non-synonymous SNPs (A106G and C146A), triggering V967A and G954C replacements, respectively in LEPR protein. Moreover, they are neutral mutations. Sequencing results of BMP4 showed HinfI restriction site indicate fixed GG genotype (CC genotype in the anti-sense strand) in all sequenced samples. No SNPs were observed within the amplified region., Conclusion: Genotyping and sequencing results of the surveyed three genes revealed that there is no association between these genes mutations and the incidence of repeat breeding in Egyptian buffaloes., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), this MRI is used for the diagnosis of the brain. The dynamic of these particles occurs under the action of the peristaltic waves generated on the flexible walls of the brain. Studying such fluid flow of a Fractional Second-Grade under this action is therefore useful in treating tissues of cancer. This paper deals with a theoretical investigation of the interaction of heat and mass transfer in the peristaltic flow of a magnetic field fractional second-grade fluid through a tube, under the assumption of low Reynolds number and long-wavelength. The analytical solution to a problem is obtained by using Caputo's definition. The effect of different physical parameters, the material constant, magnetic field, and fractional parameter on the temperature, concentration, axial velocity, pressure gradient, pressure rise, friction forces, and coefficient of heat and mass transfer are discussed with particular emphasis. The computed results are presented in graphical form. It is because the nature of heat and mass transfer coefficient is oscillatory which is following the physical expectation due to the oscillatory nature of the tube wall. It is perceived that with an increase in Hartmann number, the velocity decreases. A suitable comparison has been made with the prior results in the literature as a limiting case of the considered problem., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Background: Children often suffer from congenital or acquired diseases. Ambulatory cases represent the vast majority of pediatric surgical cases. COVID-19 pandemic-associated regulatory precautions had made the process of seeking medical advice at a suitable appointment such a big problem. We utilized telemedicine (online encounter) to deliver the required healthcare service for sorting and guiding pediatric ambulatory surgical patients. In this article, we aimed to: (1) present our experience, (2) evaluate the effectiveness, and (3) document the results of this technology to solve the problem of difficult healthcare accessibility., Materials and Methods: In this study, we compared the utilization of telemedicine (virtual clinic via video consultation) prospectively in the current era of the COVID-19 pandemic in the period from June 2020 to July 2021 to the in-person clinic encounter at the outpatient department (OPD) retrospectively in the previous year (from June 2019 until the end of May 2020) for perioperative management of pediatric ambulatory surgical patients. The study was conducted at 3 tertiary care pediatric surgery centers. The information recorded for analysis included: demographic data, surgical condition distribution, time interval from the appointment request till the actual encounter with the surgeon, conversation duration, distance traveled, and ultimate fate of the consultations. For both groups, service was evaluated after the first follow-up visit by a patient survey questionnaire (Patient Experience Assessment form) including questions relevant to each encounter., Results: A total of 1124 pediatric patients with various ambulatory surgical conditions had been scheduled for virtual clinic video encounters. Of them, 1056 cases were evaluated by video consultation, supervised by their parents or caregivers, thus, achieving an attendance rate of 94%. Of the remaining cases, 2% (n = 23) were canceled and 4% (n = 45) did not attend the virtual clinic. Two-thirds of the cases live in rural /remote areas. Patients' overall satisfaction was 92%. This was in comparison to 872 pediatric ambulatory surgical patients scheduled for in-person clinic visits before the implementation of the virtual clinic. Of them, only 340 cases had attended the clinic, thus, achieving an attendance rate of 39%. Of the remaining cases, 450 cases (51.6%) were canceled and 82 cases (9.4%) did not attend the clinic (no show). About 48% of the cases live in rural areas. For this group, patients' overall satisfaction was 63%. The mean encounter duration was similar for both groups (∼ 5 min). Surgical condition distribution was also similar (p-value: 0.694). For new cases, the time interval from appointment request till the actual encounter was very short for the virtual clinic group (range: 6-15 days) as compared to the in-person clinic group (range: 30-180 days). Patients were followed up for a median period of 14 ± 3.25 months (range: 6-22 months) with no patient loss to follow-up., Conclusion: Telemedicine can effectively bridge the patient-physician communication gap caused by the regulatory precautions mandated by the current COVID-19 pandemic. It achieved an attendance rate of 94% and parents' / patients' overall satisfaction of 92%., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest All authors state that they have no conflicts of interest or competing interests., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Research Question: What is the predictive value of serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) level for natural conception and its clinical effect on subfertile couples?, Design: A retrospective cohort of ovulatory women seeking fertility consultation in a private fertility clinic. Couples who had an immediate indication for IVF were excluded. All natural conceptions leading to live birth before the start of assisted reproductive technology were followed within 12 months of the initial consultation. A prediction model was developed by updating the Hunault model with serum AMH to predict the probabilities of achieving a natural conception leading to live birth., Results: A total of 325 couples were included in the final analysis. The estimated cumulative proability of achieving natural conception leading to live birth within 12 months was 20.9% (95% CI 12.9% to 28.2%). The categorical net reclassification improvement of AMH is 7.6%. For couples with a predicted chance of natural conception changed from poor (<30%) by the reference model to good (≥30%) by the updated model, the cumulative natural conception rate leading to live birth was 52.0%. For couples who had predicted chance of natural conception changed from good to poor by the updated model, the rate was 18.9%., Conclusions: The addition of serum AMH to the routine fertility work-up may improve prognosis-based treatment policy and help to prevent unnecessary costs and stress for couples. Prospective validation of the updated model with AMH is required before clinical application., (Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Objective: We aimed to investigate the signalling crosstalk of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, TRAIL death receptors, tumour protein p53, and programmed cell death (PDCD5) with IQGAPs. Also, we targeted the crosstalk between IQGAPs genes with decoy receptors, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), and interleukins -8 (IL-8) and its receptor genes in a designed model of hepatocellular carcinoma induced in male Balb/c mice., Methods: The presence of HCC was confirmed by histological and morphological alterations. In parallel to the incidence of hepatic cancer, we found lung, heart, and kidney cancer after treatment with DEN., Results: Our results show that the expression of mRNA of IQGAP1, TRAIL decoy receptors, NF-κB, and IL-8 genes was elevated in hepatocellular carcinoma, as compared to normal liver tissue, while their expression was further up-regulated by increasing the dose of diethylnitrosamine. The expression of IQGAP2, TRAIL death receptors, p53, and PDCD5 was significantly down-regulated in HCC (p˂0.05). For confirmation of gene expression, protein levels of both IQGAP1 and P53 were measured by western blot analysis, which showed that diethylnitrosamine enhanced protein expression of IQGAP1 and diminished that of p53., Conclusion: IQGAPs have a direct signaling relationship with p53, IL-8, and TRAIL family. This interaction is recognized as a key signalling pathway for hepatocellular carcinogenesis.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Elderly subjects, obese, and patients with chronic illnesses, are the most affected group. HDL has pleiotropic physiological functions that are affected with alteration(s) in its structure., Main Text: Inflammation whether septic, immune, or other affects HDL structure and function. COVID-19 is associated with systemic immune-inflammation due to cytokine surge. Viral interaction with erythrocytes and hemoglobin-related compounds (may cause anemia and hypoxia) and other factors may affect HDL function. Trials have been conducted to resume HDL functions using peptide preparation, nutritional, and herbal elements., Conclusions: In this review article, I'll discuss the use of reconstituted HDL (rHDL), Apo-A1 mimetic peptide D-4F, ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and the powdered roots and/or extract of Saussurea lappa (costus) to avoid comorbidity and mortality of COVID-19 in patients with chronic illness or elderly-age mortality., Competing Interests: Competing interestsThe author declares that he has no competing interests., (© The Author(s) 2022.)

Introduction: Undescended testis is a relatively common congenital anomaly in male children with a prevalence of 1%-2% in live births. Upon discovering an empty scrotum, it is important to determine whether the testis is palpable, ectopic, retractile, or nonpalpable. A canalicular or "emergent" testis is a peeping one that freely slides to and fro between the abdominal cavity and inguinal canal. It may be impalpable initially, but at a time, it emerges from the internal ring to be palpable when it is "milked" down (where it was concealed from detection). It is reported that 15%-40% of cryptorchidism are viable peeping/canalicular testis. The laparoscopic approach for treating intracanalicular undescended testes offers many advantages over open inguinal orchiopexy. It maintains the integrity of the inguinal canal and eliminates the need to divide the epigastric vessels during dissection. The ability to dissect the testicular vessels at a higher level would increase the vessel length available to bring the testis down to the scrotum without strain. The aim of this study is to present our experience and evaluate laparoscopic approach for management of intracanalicular testes regarding operative safety, efficacy, and postoperative outcomes. Patients and Methods: This is a prospective study conducted at Department of Pediatric Surgery, MCH Hospital, Bisha, Saudi Arabia and Pediatric Surgery Department, Al-Azhar University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt, in the period from October 2018 to August 2020 to evaluate the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic orchiopexy for intracanalicular testis. Patients with retractile testes, ectopic testes, testes located distal to the external inguinal ring, and nonpalpable testes were excluded from the study. Results: The study was conducted on 62 male children with 70 intracanalicular (peeping) testes, with age range from 8 months to 48 months (mean age: 24 months). Among them, 26 cases (∼42%) were left-sided, 28 (∼45%) were right-sided, and 8 (∼13%) cases were affected bilaterally. Postoperatively, all testes maintained good size without postoperative hydrocele or inguinal hernia. One case (1.4%) required open redo-orchiopexy because of testicular re-ascent to the level of scrotal neck. Moreover, there was no evidence of testicular atrophy confirmed by postoperative ultrasonography. All patients had good satisfied cosmetic results obtained by parent's questionnaire at postoperative follow-up visits. Conclusion: Laparoscopic orchiopexy for management of (intracanalicular) undescended testes is safe, effective, less invasive, without disturbance of inguinal canal anatomy, and with better cosmetic results.

Moringa stenopetala (Baker f.) Cuf.and other Moringa species have traditionally been used to treat various diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the methanolic extract of M. stenopetala leaf and its fractions on selected tumor cells. Cytotoxicity was determined by MTT assay. The comet assay was used toassess DNA damage, and gel electrophoresis was used to determine DNA fragmentation. Gene expression was analyzed by qPCR using two specific genes for each cancer cell line. Fractionation of the methanolic extract (E-1) on Diaion HP-20 yielded five fractions (Fr-2 to Fr-6); only Fr-4 and Fr-6 were cytotoxic to breast cancer cells (MCF-7; IC 50  = 58.3 ± 0.93 and 35.8 ± 2.44 μg/mL, respectively), human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2; IC 50  = 57.8 ± 1.57 and 39.3 ± 1.90 μg/mL, respectively), and Fr-4 was cytotoxic to human colon cancer cells (HCT-116; IC 50  = 94.2 ± 4.9 μg/mL). In addition, exposure of the cancer cells to Fr-4 and Fr-6 resulted in a high level of DNA damage. Moreover, relative expression of MTAP and CDKN2A in MCF-7 were increased, whereas expression of p21 and p53 in HCT-116, and APC and TERT in HepG2 were decreased, similar to that of doxorubicin. LC-qTOF-MS was used to identify metabolites in E-1, the majority of which were enriched in Fr-4. Two terpenes (loliolide and dihydroactinidiolide), the majority of the flavonoids, and niazirin were about two fold enriched in Fr-4, whereas the majority of the lipids were 4-10 fold enriched. However, Fr-6 hardly showed compounds other than the two terpenes that were enriched 1.5 and 7 fold. The findings suggest that Fr-4 and Fr-6 are promising sources of compounds possessing cytotoxic and genotoxic properties., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Introduction:  Traditionally, exploratory laparotomy was used to treat penetrating abdominal trauma (PAT). At present, minimally invasive surgery (for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes) has developed and represents a rapidly evolving modality for dealing with PAT in stable children. In this article, we aim to present our experience, evaluate the effectiveness, and report the results of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for PAT in stable pediatric patients., Materials and Methods:  This prospective study involved 117 hemodynamically stable pediatric cases of PAT (caused by gunshots, stab, and accidental stab), admitted, and managed according to the severity of injury. The information recorded for analysis included demographic data, the anatomical location of injury, the initial vital data and scoring systems, the organs affected, the procedures done, operative time, need for conversion to laparoscopic-assisted approach, length of hospital stay, complications, missed injury, and mortality rate., Results:  Among 117 pediatric patients with PAT, 15 cases were treated conservatively and 102 cases were managed by MIS. They were 70 males and 47 females with a mean age of 7.3 ± 0.6 years (range = 1-14 years). They included 48 cases of gunshot injury, 33 cases of abdominal stab, and 36 cases of accidental stab. Laparoscopy was diagnostic (DL) in 33.3% ( n  = 34) and therapeutic (TL) in 66.7% ( n  = 68) of cases. Of the 68 TL cases, we completely managed 59 cases (86.8%) by laparoscopy, while 9 cases (13.2%) were converted to limited laparotomy. The mean operative time was 17 ± 1 minutes (range = 12-25 minutes) for DL, 85 ± 9 minutes (range = 41-143 minutes) for complete TL cases, and 89 ± 3 minutes (range = 47-149 minutes) for laparoscopic-assisted procedures. For DL cases, the mean length of hospital stay was 2 ± 0.4 days, while for complete TL cases, it was 5.4 ± 0.83 days, and for laparoscopic-assisted cases, it was 5.8 ± 0.37 days. Postoperative complications occurred in eight cases (7.84%), with five cases (4.9%) required reintervention. No missed injury or mortality was recorded in the study. The patients were followed up for a median period of 52 months., Conclusion:  For management of PAT in children, MIS has 100% accuracy in defining the injured organs with zero percent missed injuries., Competing Interests: None declared., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

Background: To evaluate the results of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and silicone oil (SO) tamponade with or without encircling scleral band for repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) in children with buphthalmos., Patients and Methods: Retrospective comparative nonrandomized interventional case series including consecutive patients who underwent PPV with or without encircling band and SO tamponade for RRD associated with buphthalmos., Results: The study included 19 eyes of 19 children. Mean age was 8 years, range 3-16 years. Mean follow-up period was 28 months, range 19-63 months. Globe survival has been achieved in 15 out of 19 eyes (79%). Phthisis bulbi was reported in four cases (22%). Eight patients (42%) achieved ambulatory vision. Most eyes initially achieved anatomical success., Conclusion: Despite the poor visual and anatomical results of RRD repair in eyes with buphthalmos, globe survival might be the rationale for surgery in such cases. Globe preservation could avoid the psychological and social consequences of phthisis bulbi in non-operated children.

Background and Aim: Sheep productivity in developing countries is crucial, as this animal is an essential source of meat and wool. Myostatin ( MSTN ) plays an important role in the regulation of muscle mass through the regulation of muscle growth, differentiation, and regeneration. The present study sought to investigate genetic variation in the first intron of the MSTN gene and the association of variants with growth traits in major sheep breeds in Egypt (Barki, Ossimi, and Rahmani) and Saudi Arabia (Najdi) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing., Materials and Methods: Blood samples were collected, and DNA was extracted from 75 animals. A 386 bp fragment in the first intron of the MSTN gene was amplified using PCR. Polymorphic sites were detected using direct sequencing and then correlated with growth traits using a general linear model., Results: Sequence analysis of the first intron of MSTN gene identified six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the studied breeds. Four mutual SNPs were determined: c.18 G>T, c.241 T>C, c.243 G>A, and c.259 G>T. In addition, two SNPs c.159 A>T and c.173 T>G were monomorphic (AA and TT, respectively) in the Ossimi, Rahmani, and Najdi breeds and polymorphic in the Barki breed. The association analysis revealed that the c.18 G>T and c.241 C>T significantly associated (p<0.05) with birth weight and average daily weight gain, respectively., Conclusion: Our results strongly support MSTN as a candidate gene for marker-assisted selection in sheep breeding programs. Furthermore, the identified variants may be considered as putative markers to improve growth traits in sheep., (Copyright: © Osman, et al.)

Background: Urethral catheterization is very common, considered a minor procedure done by physicians and well-trained nurses. However, in some traumatic or congenital cases, male catheterization is problematic. A multitude of techniques are available and still can utilize the natural urethral opening to manage this distressing situation. Among these techniques, cystoscopic-assisted retrograde catheterization and railroad techniques are reliable options. This article aimed to document application and to evaluate outcomes of both techniques for problematic male urethral catheterization. Patients and Methods: In our hospitals from February 2015 to March 2020, 167 boys with problematic urethral catheterization underwent cystoscopic-assisted catheterization technique over a guidewire and 6 cases underwent railroad technique due to failed cystoscopic-assisted technique. Both techniques were done under general anesthesia with the patient in supine position and their details will be presented later on. Results: Patients' mean age was 7.2 ± 2.9 years (range = 2-14). One hundred sixty-seven cases (96.5%) underwent cystoscopic-assisted catheterization, while only 6 cases (3.5%) were managed by railroad technique. For cystoscopic-assisted technique, mean operative time was 4 ± 1.5 minutes (range = 6-18). Mean follow-up period was 54 ± 1 months (range 6-60) with only 1 case developed urethral stricture. For the railroad technique, operative time was 7.5 ± 2.6 minutes (range = 10-34), mean follow-up was 45 ± 3 months with 3 cases developed vesicocutaneous fistula, and 4 cases developed residual urethral stricture. Conclusion: Cystoscopic-assisted retrograde catheterization is a minimally invasive, safe, and reliable technique to catheterize the exceptionally difficult male urethra.

Purpose: To compare the functional and cosmetic outcomes of two different frontalis sling techniques for correction of severe unilateral congenital ptosis: single triangle and Fox pentagon techniques using expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) suture., Methods: This randomized controlled trial included 60 eyes of 60 patients with severe unilateral simple congenital ptosis and poor levator function (≤4 mm). Participants were randomly assigned for either single triangle or Fox pentagon frontalis suspension using ePTFE suture. Functional outcome measures were margin reflex distance (MRD1), palpebral fissure height (VFH), and lagophthalmos. Cosmetic outcome parameters (lid contour, lid crease, and height symmetry) were graded as 3 (excellent), 2 (good), or 1 (poor), with a minimum of 18 months' follow-up., Results: At final follow-up, there was a significant improvement in the MRD1 and VFH in both groups, with no statistical difference (P = 0.9). Both groups showed comparative cosmetic results regarding lid height symmetry, crease, and contour. The patients in the single-triangle group showed more rapid recovery of postoperative edema and lagopthalmos with less visible forehead scarring. There were no serious ePTFE sling-related complications., Conclusions: In our study cohort, the single-triangle and Fox pentagon frontalis suspension techniques had similar outcomes with respect to MRD1 and VFH and comparable cosmetic results. However, the single-triangle technique avoids two forehead incisions and was associated with less postoperative edema, lagophthalmos, and scarring., (Copyright © 2020 American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: To report the long-term follow-up of patients with inadvertent retained submacular perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) bubbles after vitrectomy surgery., Background: PFCL has unique chemical and physical features which facilitate displacement of subretinal fluid from central toward periphery allowing intraoperative reattachment of the mobile retina and manipulation of the anterior part of the detached retina without performing drainage retinotomy. Despite these advantages, PFCL droplets may be inadvertently retained in the submacular space., Methods: A retrospective case series study was conducted. We reviewed 1224 consecutive patients who had undergone primary pars plana vitrectomy at one vitreoretinal center operated by single surgeon (Hammouda Ghoraba). Chart review was performed to identify patients and procedural factors that could predispose to retained submacular PFCL with anatomical and functional outcomes with follow-up at least 18 months., Results: The retina was completely attached in 97% of eyes where PFCL was used after one or two vitrectomy surgeries. Submacular PFCL was found in 12 (0.98%) eyes. There was no statistical difference between perfluorodecalin and perfluoro-n-octane as regards retention rate. The possible risk factors associated with submacular retention of PFCL phenomenon are the presence of post-equatorial retinal breaks in six patients (50%) and large retinal break (2-3 clock hours) in three patients (25%)., Conclusions: Submacular PFC migration occurs in nearly 1% of cases when it is used. It occurred in cases of RRD with post-equatorial or large breaks. Using perfluoro-n-octane or perfluorodecalin had no statistical difference. Different behaviors of submacular PFC droplets occurred. Some cases of small submacular PFC droplets maintained fair VA for a long period.

Purpose: To study the microbiological aspects of infantile bacterial conjunctivitis resistant to empirical topical antibiotic therapy in Egypt., Methods: Ninety-two eyes of 86 infants with bacterial conjunctivitis were included in this prospective study. They all failed to show evidence of clinical improvement after 2 weeks of empirical topical antibiotic therapy. Conjunctival swabs were obtained from all patients for bacterial culture and antibiotic sensitivity testing., Results: The age of the participants ranged from 4 to 6 months. Culture results revealed infection with a solitary organism in 48.9% of eyes. Mixed bacterial growth was reported in 47.8% of eyes, whereas 3.3% of eyes showed no bacterial growth. The most commonly isolated organisms were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These organisms were highly sensitive to fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, and norfloxacin), followed by chloramphenicol, vancomycin, and amikacin, and were resistant to carbapenems (imipenem and meropenem), fusidic acid, and pipracellin., Conclusions: Bacterial culture and antibiotic sensitivity testing provides beneficial diagnostic and therapeutic information when dealing with infantile resistant bacterial conjunctivitis. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2018;55(2):135-139.]., (Copyright 2017, SLACK Incorporated.)

Purpose: Analysis of different clinical types of orbital dermoid cyst, and studying the impact of preoperative classification on the proposed surgical procedure., Methods: A retrospective study of orbital dermoid cyst cases. The clinical and imaging data were reviewed. The different types of dermoid were recorded as superficial or deep, lateral or medial, exophytic or endophytic. The deep dermoids were classified according to their site and continuity of the cyst wall. The operative approach, intraoperative, and/or postoperative complications were recorded., Results: The study included 153 cases of orbital dermoid. The superficial lesions represented 68.6%, of which 74.3% were lateral and 61.0% were endophytic. Intraoperative cyst perforation was recorded in 56.3% of exophytic cases approached through crease incision, and recurrence occurred in 6.3%. Defective cyst wall was found in 31.25% of deep orbital dermoid. Surgery was complicated by cyst rupture when excision was attempted, and recurrence was recorded in one case. Exposure, intended evacuation, and dissection of the cyst wall were better surgical approaches for these cases without reported complications., Conclusion: Preoperative classification of orbital dermoid had an important effect on the surgical procedure. Endophytic superficial lesions were approached through crease incision without complications, while exophytic lesions were better approached through infrabrow incision. Deep orbital lesions with defective wall were better approached through exposure, intended evacuation, dissection, and excision of the remaining cyst wall.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a severe zoonotic disease which affects both human and animals. The disease has a considerable economic and social impact, because it has numerous complications leading to important disabilities and even death. CE is a widespread chronic endemic helminthic disease caused by infection with metacestodes of tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. This study was conducted to diagnosis human CE by hydatid cyst antigens from camels and sheep. Hydatid fluid and protoscoleces crude antigens corresponding to camel and sheep were resolute by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) under reducing conditions and the protein bands of different antigens were exposed to infected patients serum CE through western blot (WB) assay. The camel hydatid fluid antigen revealed five polypeptide bands of 18-98.8 kDa by SDS-PAGE while sheep hydatid fluid antigen revealed four polypeptide bands of 20-100 kDa. Immune reactive bands were obtained through WB ranged from 25 to 125 kDa. The study showed prominent immune reactive bands of 92, 52.2 and 35.7 kDa which may helpful in diagnosis of human CE.