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The objective of our work is the study of certain risk factors for infertility in dairy cows. It was carried out in the Tizi Ouzou region for the period from January 2020 to September 2020. This study is interested in establishing the link between repeated failures of artificial insemination and certain blood metabolites. Blood samples were taken shortly before artificial insemination for the determination of progesterone and certain metabolites: Glucose, cholesterol, beta-hydroxy-butyrate (BHB), non-esterified fatty acids (AGNE), urea, albumin, cortisol, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP). The descriptive analysis of the data revealed high frequencies of cows inseminated in luteal phase (28.89%), in negative energy balance (17.78%) and of stressed cows (46.67%), which had levels in elevated cortisol (22.96ng / ml). The concentrations of the metabolites in pregnant cows were within the limits of the reference values; on the other hand we recorded an increase in the non-pregnant ones. The relational study by principal component analysis (PCA), showed that the increase in the concentrations of some metabolites and the decrease of some others, were associated with a failure of artificial insemination. The correlation matrix shows positive correlations on the one hand, very highly significant between BHB and AGNE (r = 0.70), as well as between blood sugar and cortisol (r = 0.58); on the other hand highly significant between BHB and AST (r = 0.38). Significant positive correlations were observed between BHB contents and cholesterolemia (r = 0.30), cholesterolemia and cortisolemia (r = 0.29), AST and CRP (r = 0.36), AST and albuminemia( r = 0.36), AST and P4 (r = 0.36) and finally between P4 and albuminemia (r = 0.31). In addition, there is a highly significant negative correlation between the success of artificial insemination (gestation) and the levels of progesterone (r = - 0.33), cortisol (r = 0.38) and BHB (r = 0, 39). These results confirm that infertility is characterized by the multiplicity of factors involved.

The main objectives of our study were to highlight the annual incidence of Canine Leishmaniasis (CanL) in Algeria. A retrospective study was conducted on CanL in Algeria between 2010–2019, by means of a questionnaire survey of 30 canine veterinarians practising in the North central region, Algiers. The retrospective study showed 78 cases of Canine Leishmaniasis (2010 and 2019), with an average of 13.73 per year. The highest mean was observed in 2013:3.400, [1.517–5.283] 95%, with a significant difference (p = 0.028). The cross-sectional survey showed that 44.4% of canine leishmaniasis cases are prevalent in spring and summer. Weight loss was the most frequent clinical sign of 88.9% and skin sampling was the most used diagnostic test to confirm this disease 66.9%. Our study provides a general view of the situation of this disease, particularly the number of cases, and their geographical distribution in Algeria. Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is a serious zoonosis. Strict measures must be put in place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coccidiosis is a recurring disease in broiler flocks that causes significant economic losses. This study aims to evaluate the effect of Artemisia absinthium on coccidiosis in broilers through a systematic review and meta-analysis. The article selection process included a search from the year 2000 to February 2021, with no restrictions on country or geographical region. Our objective was met by only six studies, which underwent systematic review. The meta-analysis was conducted using the metafor package in R via RStudio (version 1.1.383; RStudio, Inc.). The systematic review indicates that in vivo studies have shown the effectiveness of various plant extracts (essential oil and methanolic extract) when administered in food or drinking water on the considered parameters (oocyst shedding, bloody diarrhoea, mortality rate, weight gain, conversion index, lesion score). Furthermore, in vitro studies demonstrated a positive impact on oocyst count, LC50 (lethal concentration), sporulation rate (%), and sporulation inhibition rate (%). The meta-analysis of the four studies included in this analysis revealed that the inclusion of A. absinthium extract resulted in a significant reduction in oocyst shedding (SMD = −1.64, 95% CI: −2.72 to −0.55; P < 0.0001). However, the effectiveness of A. absinthium extract was not as significant as that of antibiotics (SMD = 0.57, 95% CI: −0.19 to 0.95; P = 0.0032). Various forms of administration and extracts of A. absinthium have demonstrated antiparasitic activity against Eimeria spp, making them suitable as natural anticoccidial agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to assess post-partum elevated nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and β hydroxybutyrate (BHB), considered either togetheror separately,relative to the estrus cyclicity and first service pregnancy status of cows and their association withbody condition scores and some metabolites.Blood samples from 50 Montbéliarde dairy cowswere collected from 15 to 52 DIMto measure serum BHB, NEFA,glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, urea nitrogen, total protein, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), γ-glutamyltransferase (γGT), calcium, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, sodium;and progesterone concentrations.Body condition score (BCS) was assessed at calving and at each time when blood samples were taken.Cows were considered as having post-partum elevated NEFA (H-NEFA) concentration if the concentration was≥0.70 mM and post-partum elevated BHB (H-BHB) concentration if the concentration was≥1.20 mM at 30 DIM. Overall, 93.33 % of cows having an elevated BHB show an elevated of NEFA and 51.61% of cows having an elevated NEFA have not an elevated BHB. Indeed, considering postpartum elevated NEFA as a predictor of sub-clinical ketotic cows can overrateresults. Whereas, considering postpartum elevated BHB as a predictor of cows with NEB can underestimate results. Excessive BCS at calving results in increasing the risk of post-partum elevated BHB. Cholesterol, triglycerides, AST, ALT, and urea were increased in cows having elevated BHB and NEFA compared with those having elevated NEFA only or healthy cows. Further, the risk of estrus cyclicity and pregnancy rate at first insemination (P/AI) was decreased in cows having both elevated BHB and NEFA or NEFA only.

Copyright of Veterinaria is the property of University of Sarajevo, Veterinary Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Veterinaria is the property of University of Sarajevo, Veterinary Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The main objectives of our study were to assess the prevalence of three major bovine zoonoses (tuberculosis, rabies, and brucellosis) and their associated risk factors in the Ain Defla province of Algeria. A retrospective study of these zoonoses was conducted over the period from 2015 to 2019. The results showed a prevalence of 0.11% (60/53,622) for bovine tuberculosis, with the following risk factors: local cattle breed (OR = 2.18; p = 0.006), adult age (OR = 2.10; p = 0.0001), and year of visit—2017 (OR = 3.77; p = 0.0006), 2018 (OR = 4.14; p = 0.009), and 2019 (OR = 5.58; p = 0.0001). The prevalence of bovine brucellosis was 16.41% (8,805/53,669), with risk factors including the year of visit—2016 (OR = 1.82; p < 0.0001), 2017 (OR = 1.73; p < 0.0001), 2018 (OR = 6.30; p < 0.0001), and 2019 (OR = 4.60; p < 0.0001) as well as local breed (OR = 7.20; p < 0.0001), female sex (OR = 2.33; p < 0.0001), and adult age (OR = 3.54; p < 0.0001). The prevalence of rabies was 0.08% (44/53,634), with male sex (OR = 3.46; p = 0.007) and adult age (OR = 0.20; p < 0.0001) being identified as risk factors. This study revealed the presence of these major zoonoses on cattle farms in the Ain Defla province of Algeria, with a notably high prevalence of bovine brucellosis during the period from 2015 to 2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Knowledge of potentially pathogenic bacteria presents in the oral cavity of dogs and cats may be helpful in determining appropriate treatment for infected bite wounds. About 120.000 people are exposed to dog and cat bites every year in Algeria, but little is known about the dog and cat oral flora causing bite wound complications. The purpose of this study was to identify potential zoonotic bacteria from oral cavity of dogs and cats and to determine their susceptibility to antibiotics to contribute to the treatment of bite wound infection., Materials and Methods: Oral swabs from 100 stray dogs and 100 stray cats were collected and cultured in several media: Chocolate agar, MacConkey agar, and Mannitol Salt Agar. Bacterial isolates were identified using several commercial kits of the analytical profile index and tested for antibiotic susceptibility by disk diffusion method., Results: Overall, 185/200 (92.5%) dogs and cats carried zoonotic bacteria in their mouths, of which 55.13% (102/185) had at least two bacterial pathogens. 374 pathogenic strains belonging to 15 genera were isolated: Eleven were Gram-negative ( Proteus , Pasteurella , Escherichia , Moraxella , Klebsiella , Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas , Aeromonas , and Neisseria Haemophilus ) and four were Gram-positive ( Staphylococcus , Streptococcus , and Corynebacterium , Bacillus ). Fifty-one strains of Pasteurella were isolated from 44 carriers of Pasteurella (21 Pasteurella multocida , 21 Pasteurella pneumotropica , and 9 Pasteurella spp.). Pasteurella strains were tested for antibiotic resistance. Resistance to at least one drug was observed in 8 (15.68%) of Pasteurella isolates and two strains (3.92%) were found to be multidrug-resistant (to two or more drugs). Erythromycin, penicillin, and ampicillin were the antimicrobials to which the isolates showed greater resistance (7.84%, 5.88%, and 3.92%, respectively)., Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first in Algeria to detect potential human pathogenic bacteria in the oral cavity of dogs and cats. It reveals that these animals have multiple zoonotic bacteria in their mouths including Pasteurella species, which may be multidrug-resistant., (Copyright: © Razali, et al.)