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International audience; The Alboran Basin may be subject to tsunami hazards. If such an event were to occur, it is expected that the urbanised and densely populated areas of northern Moroccan coastline would be affected. Precise inundation hazard maps are needed for tsunami risk management in this region. In this article, we argue that the diversity of hazard mapping methods ensures the robustness of the scientific knowledge about the exposure of a territory. Hence, the main objective of this study is to analyse the exposure of the plain of Martil (north of Morocco), by using four hazard mapping methods to create inundation maps for two scenarios of tsunamis generated by extreme submarine mass failure (SMF) in the Alboran Sea, of 0.9 km3 and 3.8 km3 respectively. A digital terrain model of the plain was used to explore four methods of inundation mapping. The static method identified 4.32 km2 and 19.83 km2 of flooded areas for each scenario using water height values as inundation thresholds. The hybrid and the volumetric methods use the volume of water to determine the inundation extent. For the first scenario, 3.51 km2 of the plain were inundated using the hybrid method, and 20.11 km2 for the second scenario. The results of the volumetric methods are 2.32 km2 and 7.82 km2 respectively for the first and second scenario. Finally, the fourth method relies on numerical hydrodynamic modelling of tsunami inundation (Freshkiss3d® code). With this method, 4.55 km2 of the plain were flooded in the first scenario, and 24.12 km2 for the second. The comparison of the results highlights that the most sensitive areas to tsunami inundation are the lowest topographic ones, being the beaches and the wadis floodplains. This result raises questions on the current coastal development and the preparedness of its population, thus calling for more attention to engage on tsunami risk management related questions.

For thousands of years, humans have domesticated different plants by selecting for particular characters, often affecting less-known traits, including the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by these plants for defense or reproduction. The fig tree Ficus carica has a very wide range of varieties in the Mediterranean region and is selected for its traits affecting fruits, including pollination, but the effect of human-driven diversification on the VOCs emitted by the receptive figs to attract their pollinator (Blastophaga psenes) is not known. In the present study, VOCs from receptive figs of eight varieties in northern Morocco, were collected at different times within the manual pollination period and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Genetic analyses using microsatellite loci were performed on the same varieties. Despite strong inter-varietal differences in the quantity and relative proportions of all VOCs, the relative proportions of the four pollinator-attractive VOCs showed limited variation among varieties. There was no significant correlation between genetic markers and chemical profiles of the different varieties. While diversification driven by humans has led to differences between varieties in VOC profiles, this paper suggests that throughout the process of domestication and varietal diversification, stabilizing selection has maintained a strong signal favoring pollinator attraction.

International audience; In the industrial sector, a large amount of energy is released at low temperatures, between 0 and 200 °C. To improve the overall energy efficiency of these processes, it is possible to recover this waste heat. The technology of thermal energy storage by Phase Change Materials (PCM) has appeared as one of the most economically viable methods for recovering waste heat. The PCM presents both a significant storage density and the possibility of energy restitution at a stable temperature. However, the low thermal conductivity of PCMs, specifically paraffins, limits its large-scale application. In this context, this study investigates the effect of the fins on the PCM regenerator behaviour. For that, a parametric study of the fins' number, length, thickness, and position is conducted. The volume occupied by the PCM was constant to keep the same energy density. The PCM's melting and solidification processes in a horizontal coaxial heat exchanger were numerically investigated using ANSYS Fluent commercial software. Paraffin wax with a melting point of 55 °C was used as PCM. The numerical study shows that the addition of longitudinal fins improves the apparent conductivity considerably and consequently reduces the melting time by up to 61%. The optimal configuration found in this study: fin number N = 4, dimensionless thickness = 0.1, dimensionless height = 0.9, and unevenly distributed fins. This configuration achieves a shorter time in completing the charging/discharging cycle of the PCM and allows a time saving of 21%.

International audience; Circular economy is a global trend as a promising strategy for the sustainable use of natural resources. In this context, waste-to-energy presents an effective solution to respond to the ever-increasing waste generation and energy demand duality. However, waste diversity makes their management a serious challenge. Among their categories, biomass waste valorization is an attractive solution energy regarding its low cost and raw materials availability. Nevertheless, the knowledge of biomass waste characteristics, such as composition and energy content, is a necessity. In this research, new models are developed to estimate biomass wastes higher heating value (HHV) based on the ultimate analysis using linear regression and artificial neural network (ANN). The quality-measure of the two models for new dataset was evaluated with statistical metrics such as coefficient of correlation (R), root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The methods developed in this work provided attractive accuracies comparing to other literature models. Additionally, it is found that the ANN, as machine learning method, is the best model for biomass HHV prediction (R = 0.75377, RMSE = 1.17527, MAE = 0.93315 and MAPE = 5.73%). Therefore, obtained results can be widely employed to design and optimize the reactors of combustion. In fact, the developed ANN software is a simple and accurate tool for HHV estimation based on ultimate analysis. Indeed, ANN is one of the most applicable and widely used software in the field of waste-to-energy.

Research Article - UN DECADE ON ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION The degradation of riparian ecosystems occurring throughout the past decades has motivated efforts aimed at the restoration of these ecosystems. The success of active revegetation approaches to restoration requires appropriate selection of reproductive material, which in turn requires knowledge of seed traits and germination. Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. (common alder) is a key riparian tree widely used in restoration projects, and has recently been classified as comprising three species: A. glutinosa; A. lusitanica Vít, Douda, & Mand ak; and A. rohlenae Vít, Douda, & Mand ak. To help guide restoration species selection, we assessed differences among populations of these species by (1) investigating seed weight, morphology, and germination success from a large population set and (2)modeling germination success in each species in relation to morphological traits and environmental conditions. Seedswere collected from 12 populations encompassing the latitudinal extremes of the species complex, and were then characterized and germinated. Ploidy levels and species were distinguished using cytometric analysis. Site-level climatic data and seed morphology datawere used to model germination success for each species. All seed traits differed between populations and one morphological-trait (seed weight-to-area ratio) differed significantly between the three species. Germination modeling showed that the southwestern species, A. lusitanica, responded positively to high temperature extremes, suggesting tolerance to the climate changes projected for southern Europe. Populations of A. lusitanica located at the latitudinal rear edge of commonalder’s distribution appear to show establishmentfacilitating adaptations, and therefore may contribute to ecological restoration efforts under a range of environmental conditions info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

International audience; The Northern Atlantic coastline of Morocco is potentially exposed to tsunamis, like that triggered by the large Lisbon event (November 1 st , 1755), also known as the most destructive event in Moroccan history. In this work, we used MIRONE software to simulate tsunami phenomenon in the Southwest Iberian Margin region, combining a series of bathymetric and topographic grid layers with an initial water elevation generated using Mansinha's formulations and assuming an instantaneous seabed movement. For this investigation, we considered four scenarios, associated with four potential seismic sources for the 1755 earthquake located in the Gulf of Cadiz. Thus, for each scenario, we obtained a map showing the results of the simulation (distance traveled, wave displacement speed, evolution of wave heights from offshore to coastal areas and arrival travel times). These maps showed that cities like Mohammedia, Casablanca and El-Jadida, were important stakes that could be impacted by a tsunami originating from these sources. For these cities, we thus determined the traveling water columns and the inland distances that could be reached by this inundation. The results show that these cities are potentially threaten by maximum water elevation exceeding 20 m in some locations, with a worse scenario characterized by flow depth and inundation distance ranging from 6 m to 10, and 1.8 km to 4.6 km, respectively. These results should also be useful for the authorities, emergency, and decision planners to develop tsunami protection and risk awareness among the coastal communities of Morocco.

International audience; The integration of phase change materials (PCMs) in the construction sector as a passive latent heat thermal energy storage system is a promising solution to regulate the thermal comfort of occupants and reduce energy consumption. In this study, a numerical investigation of PCM-enhanced integrated building walls in a semi-arid climate is performed to better understand the PCM effect in the building and optimise the choice of a PCM. A parametric study of various phase-change materials (RT-18 HC, RT-21 HC, RT-25 HC, RT-28 HC, and RT-35 HC) in PCM-composites walls is performed. The simulation results showed that the PCM-integrated walls lead to a considerable improvement in the indoor comfort and reduction in cooling and heating consumptions, as well as temperature fluctuations. Finally, this research has shown that a PCM wall comprising the paraffin RT-28 HC as PCM provides better heating and cooling energy performance, which significantly reduces annual energy consumption.

International audience; In this article, an optically transparent array antenna, integrated in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), is proposed for mm-wave 5G applications. This antenna is designed by using the ITO film printed on a glass substrate with the measured optical transparency of 75 %. The proposed array antenna covers the 26 GHz (26.48-28.16 GHz) for the mm-wave 5G applications. The peak gain is increased from 5.94 dB to 8.4 dB by applying the array antenna technique. The spectral power distribution (SPD) of the OLED with and without antenna is measured in the visible spectrum. The OLED luminance decreased by 34 % after antenna integration. Therefore, to solve this problem and increase the optical transparency, the mesh technique will be used.

International audience; In the framework of the European project ODYSSEA, the Moroccan Association leader of the Marine Observatory of Al Hoceima AGIR, has successfully performed two glider missions in the South Alboran Sea. The vehicle was a SeaExplorer glider (manufactured and commercialized by ALSEAMAR, France) equipped with a CTD probe (GPCTD, seabird) and a novel microplastic sensors (LEITAT). These glider missions, permitted the acquisition of hydrological parameters at an unprecedented high spatio-temporal resolution for the area, and to fill a huge data gap. The first glider mission was mainly dedicated to the sampling of the western gyre of the Alboran Sea (WAG), a major dynamical structure of the area. During this mission the glider dived following a typical sawtooth trajectory within the water-column, from the surface and up to 500 m-depth. Glider data revealed the vertical structure of the WAG and provided an interesting insight of its dynamics (water-currents, variability, etc.), supplementing information obtained by satellite. To our knowledge, this pioneer work is among on the first oceanographic survey entirely dedicated to the study of the WAG.

International audience; RESUME : Le développement de l'Internet des Objets (l'IdO) à bande étroite (NB-IoT) a radicalement changé le concept de communication pour la transmission des données. Dans le contexte médical, la transmission de la station de base vers la liaison descendante (dispositifs médicaux et patients) utilise soit la modulation linéaire ou non linéaire. L'évolution de la conformité et de la norme NB-IoT sans fil rend la conception et le développement d'appareils médicaux IoT de plus en plus difficiles. Pour développer un DM IoT de récepteurs très sensibles, robuste capable de répondre aux besoins des patients pour récolter leur information clinique , une approche d'analyser la sensibilité des DMs à multiples facettes est nécessaire. Ce papier présente une analyse de performance de la sensibilité des dispositifs médicaux (DMs) ,le taux d'erreur sur les bits (BER) en fonction de la sensibilité de réception. Le bon choix de ces deux types de modulation, la taille des paquets ainsi que les espacements des sous-porteuses (ESP en kHz) dans la bande permettent d'améliorer considérablement la sensibilité DM de réception. Mots clés : sensibilité de réception. dispositifs médicaux connectés, modulation linéaire ou non linéaire , l'Internet des Objets à bande étroite.

The invention relates to an interactive, novel, economical and effective method capable of measuring matching and all the other parameters of antenna systems; it is therefore applied to the measurement of antennas in the process of radiating. The method is based on an algorithm using random network coding and low-density-parity-check (LDPC) error-correcting code. It is capable of operating automatically in a wireless network using smart sensors. It thus measures the powers actually transmitted and reflected by each antenna. It, therefore, allows measurements to be taken with precision, antenna-by-antenna, so as to deliver exact instantaneous values in real-time. It also allows the standing wave ratio (SWR) at each point of all the antenna systems, including the inputs and outputs of the antenna distributors, to be computed, and the gain of each antenna of the system to be computed. This method allows the best to be got out of all the network analyzers available on the market, which in any case cannot be considered to be true measurers of the performance in respect of the quality of antenna systems.; L'invention concerne une méthode interactive, nouvelle, économique, efficace et capable de mesurer l'adaptation et tous les autres paramètres de systèmes d'antennes, elle est donc appliquée sur des mesures d'antennes en rayonnement. La méthode est basée sur un algorithme utilisant le codage réseau aléatoire et le code correcteur d'erreur, contrôle de parité de faible densité LDPC. Elle est capable de fonctionner automatiquement à l'aide d'un réseau sans fil en utilisant des capteurs intelligents. Elle mesure aussi les puissances réellement transmises et réfléchies de chaque antenne. Elle permet de donner les mesures avec précision, antenne par antenne, en fournissant des valeurs exactes instantanées, en temps réel. Elle permet aussi de calculer le rapport d'ondes stationnaires (ROS) à chaque point de tous les systèmes d'antenne y compris les entrées et les sorties des distributeurs d'antennes est de calculer le gain de chaque antenne du système. Cette méthode superforme tous les analyseurs de réseau existant dans les marchés, qui ne peuvent en aucun cas être considérés comme des vrais mesureurs des performances de qualité de systèmes d'antenne.

International audience; Marchica Lagoon, a Ramsar site on the Mediterranean coast of Morocco, is experiencing the impacts of watershed pollution, which includes pollutants from the domestic, agricultural, industrial, and mining sectors. Restoration actions were undertaken around this lagoon during the last decade in order to protect its ecological value and to develop tourist activity. To conserve the biodiversity in the lagoon, it is important to assess the environmental state of this ecosystem. This study aims to evaluate the ecotoxicological state of sediments through the post restoration characterization of the trace elements Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr, Co, and Ba, as well as their correlation to the major elements, grain size, and total organic carbon, sampled during two campaigns (the wet and dry seasons of 2018) across a sampling network of thirteen stations. Multivariate analysis and ecotoxicological risk assessment of the trace elements using the sediment quality guidelines and five pollution indices (geoaccumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), pollution-load index (PLI), and mean effect range median quotient (m-ERM-Q)) revealed contamination of the lagoon by Pb, Zn, and Cu, and minimal pollution by Cr, Co, and Ba. The distribution of the biological-risk index reveals that four zones of the lagoon may present a high probability of toxicity, thus constituting potential risk areas for aquatic organisms: during the wet season, the area in the northwestern sandbar border, the southwest eutrophication zone, and the mouth of the stream valley conveying industrial discharges; and during dry season, the northwestern eutrophication zone. Despite the restoration actions achieved around the lagoon, the lead, zinc, and copper concentrations increased, and their variation was significant between group stations. The biodiversity conservation of Marchica Lagoon requires continuous monitoring and assessment, as well as the implementation of an integrated management plan with restoration actions, not only around the lagoon, but also at its watershed level.

The development of 5G (fifth generation) mobile communication systems was initiated to meet the expected need for higher data rates. In this article, a new 28/38 GHz dual-band “inverted-F” array antenna for 5G applications is proposed. This antenna can be integrated in OLEDs (Organic Light Emitting Diodes) panels which can be used both for lighting or display. This 5G antenna, composed of 32 elements, has the advantage of a dual-band and compact structure. Each element of the array antenna has the shape of an “inverted-F” antenna. This array antenna can cover the 28 GHz band (27.94–28.83 GHz) and the 38 GHz band (37.97–38.96 GHz) with mutual coupling between the elements less than −35 dB. The characteristics of the end fire radiation beams were obtained by employing an array of 32 “inverted-F” antenna elements on the upper and lower portions of the PCB (Printed Circuit Board). The suggested design has a gain of approximately 16.52 dB at 28.38 GHz and 15.35 dB at 38.49 GHz, which is suitable for 5G mobile communications.

International audience; The integrated berth allocation and quay crane assignment and allocation is among the most addressed problems in the maritime related literature. The accuracy of this problem solutions depends on the precision of the resource's capacity estimation. Accordingly, in this paper, we investigate how the estimation error impacts the problem solutions. We focus on the quay cranes as being the main resources involved in serving the port customers vessels. We modelled the problem and tested different estimation errors scenarios for a dataset of instances. Computational results illustrated clearly the variation pattern of the problem solutions error over the capacity estimation error.

International audience; Drainage network patterns influence the hydrological response of the watersheds and must be taken into account in the management of the water resource. In this context, it is important to identify the factors that control the configuration of drainage networks in and beyond specific climatic conditions. Here, we study 318 basins spread over three sectors (arid, semi-arid, and semi-humid) of Morocco where seven drainage network patterns have been identified. From each basin, 14 parameters were extracted, describing the relief, geology, morphometry, drainage network, land cover, precipitation, and time of concentration (Tc). Principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis (DA) processing were performed on the entire database and on each sector separately. The results show that the drainage network pattern is a feature of the landscape that contributes significantly to the variance of the basins. They suggest that the distribution of network patterns is controlled by the relationship between the different parameters, mainly those related to the relief, more than by the variations of each parameter taken individually. The network discrimination rate is 63.8%, which improves when each sector is treated separately. Confusion in discrimination are similar across all sectors and can be explained by similar conditions (active tectonic, deformation, and uplift) or transitions from one network pattern to another, due to the landscape evolution of certain sectors. A contribution of climatic variables appears locally but was attributed to a statistical coincidence, these parameters presenting a distribution close to that of the relief and geology variables.

International audience; Objectives: This study sought to assess the respective effects of aldosterone and blood pressure (BP) levels on myocardial fibrosis in humans.Background: Experimentally, aldosterone promotes left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, and interstitial myocardial fibrosis in the presence of high salt intake.Methods: The study included 20 patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) (high aldosterone and high BP), 20 patients with essential hypertension (HTN) (average aldosterone and high BP), 20 patients with secondary aldosteronism due to Bartter/Gitelman (BG) syndrome (high aldosterone and normal BP), and 20 healthy subjects (HS) (normal aldosterone and normal BP). Participants in each group were of similar age and sex distributions, and asymptomatic. Cardiac magnetic resonance including cine and T1 mapping was performed blind to the study group to quantify global LV mass index, as well as intracellular mass index and extracellular mass index considered as a measure of myocardial fibrosis in vivo.Results: Median plasma aldosterone concentration was as follows: PA = 709 pmol/l (interquartile range [IQR]: 430 to 918 pmol/l); HTN = 197 pmol/l (IQR: 121 to 345 pmol/l); BG = 297 pmol/l (IQR: 180 to 428 pmol/l); and HS = 105 pmol/l (IQR: 85 to 227 pmol/l). Systolic BP was as follows: PA = 147 ± 15 mm Hg; HTN = 133 ± 19 mm Hg; BG = 116 ± 9 mm Hg; and HS = 117 ± 12 mm Hg. LV end-diastolic volume showed underloading in BG and overloading in patients with PA (63 ± 13 ml/m2 vs. 82 ± 15 ml/m2; p < 0.0001). Intracellular mass index increased with BP across groups (BG: 36 [IQR: 29 to 41]; HS: 40 [IQR: 36 to 46]; HTN: 51 [IQR: 42 to 54]; PA: 50 [IQR: 46 to 67]; p < 0.0001). Extracellular mass index was similar in BG, HS, and HTN (16 [IQR: 12 to 20]; 15 [IQR: 11 to 18]; and 14 [IQR: 12 to 17], respectively) but 30% higher in PA (21 [IQR: 18 to 29]; p < 0.0001) remaining significant after adjustment for mean BP.Conclusions: Only primary pathological aldosterone excess combined with high BP increased both extracellular myocardial matrix and intracellular mass. Secondary aldosterone excess with normal BP did not affect extracellular myocardial matrix. (Study of Myocardial Interstitial Fibrosis in Hyperaldosteronism; NCT02938910).

The luminance degradation studies of OLEDs light sources under thermal and electrical stress conditions are normally achieved in order to estimate the OLEDs lifetime. In this study, the colorimetric parameters have been measured and calculated at different durations to understand the behaviour of OLED’s spectral distribution power over time. The spectral quantities of the studied OLEDs were measured using a MINOLTA-CS-1000 spectroradiometer, these measurement were treated afterwards in the “ANSI-IES TM-30-18 Basic Calculation Excel Tool”. Results shows that not all the OLED colorimetric parameters know a deterioration in terms of visual comfort when submitted to stress conditions.

International audience

International audience; Physical Internet (PI) was introduced as a global standardised and interconnected logistics system based on PI-nodes, PI-movers and PI-containers as a mean toward global logistics sustainability. One important issue regarding PI-nodes concerns the planning and scheduling of operations and the management of PI-containers, both in a deterministic and a perturbed environment. This research considers the Road-Rail PI-hub sustainable truck scheduling and PI-containers grouping problem. In our research we consider the weighted sum of the number of used wagons, the internal distance travelled by PI-containers from PI-docks to wagons as well as the trucks’ tardiness, which translate the search for sustainable logistics. In this paper, an effective and reactive multi-agent system based model (MAS) is developed for the resolution of the trucks scheduling and PI-containers grouping. To ensure the efficiency of the MAS and improve the quality of each of its solutions, three concurrent hybrid meta-heuristics are embedded within three parallel scheduling agents. Then, a mixed integer linear programming model (MILP) is proposed to evaluate the performance of the MAS. Finally, the MAS is also evaluated under internal perturbations. The obtained results show the ability of the MAS to provide alternative sustainable solutions by rescheduling trucks in case of disruptions.

The aim of the present paper is to evaluate and discuss the Energy wind potential of five major cities in Northern Morocco. The theoretical analysis is based on stochastic models of Weibull and Rayleigh using Probability Density Function approach. Various statistical indicators such as the determination coefficient (R²), Chi square error (χ²), root mean square error (RMSE) and mean bias error (MBE) are considered. Then, a numerical simulation of the potential electrical power is carried out using the Enercon E103/2350 wind turbine model. The results show that Weibull is more accurate than Rayleigh, especially for Tetuan and Al-Hoceima cities. Concerning electrical energy production, only the sites of Tetouan and Tangier gave interesting values.

This paper presents the design of a compact size band patch antenna for 5G wireless communications. This wideband antenna was designed on a glass substrate (12 × 11 × 2 mm3) and is optically transparent and compact. It consists of a radiation patch and a ground plane using AgHT-8 material. The antenna design comprises rectangular shaped branches optimized to attain the wideband characteristics. The calculated impedance bandwidth is 7.7% covering the frequency range of 25 to 27 GHz. A prototype of the antenna and various parameters such as return loss plot, gain plot, radiation pattern plot, and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) are presented and discussed. The simulated results of this antenna show that it is well suited for future 5G applications because of its transparency, flexibility, light weight, and wide achievable frequency bandwidth near the millimeter wave frequency band.

International audience

Lattice Boltzmann Method ( LBM ) has been applied for the simulation of a mixed convection heat transfer of two dimensional Newtonian fluid in a square cavity driven by a periodically oscillating lid. The top wall is maintained at higher variable temperature. The developed LBM code in Matlab, is applied for the oscillating lid to simulate the fluid flow and heat transfer in cavity, was validated using various Reynolds and Grashof numbers. Nusselt number was calculated for various pertinent dimensionless groups. Fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics were examined in the domain of Reynolds number, Grashof number, the dimensionless lid oscillation frequency and different values of temperature. Such that: 10 2 ⩽ Re ⩽ 10 3 , 10 2 ⩽ Gr ⩽ 10 6 , 0.1 ⩽ ω ⩽ 5 , the Prandtl number was fixed as 0.71 . The results show that the variation of the Reynolds and Grashof numbers has an effect on energy transport process and drag force behavior depending on the conduct of the velocity cycle. Moreover the variation of Rayleigh number and period of the heated portion has an effect on the transfer rate on convective structures.

International audience; In this paper, we study a new technique for millimeter wave generation using an RoF system based on the use of narrow band Bragg filters as reflectors of very specific wavelengths. The proposed system performance depends on various parameters, mainly: optical fiber length, FBG bandwidth, optical power. etc. In our case, the different simulations have been carried out in order to show the effect of the optical fiber length on the eye diagram, the quality factor, and the BER values. The obtained results indicate that the proposed system remains efficient for fiber lengths up to 70 Km with a bit rate of 1 Gbit/s and an FBG bandwidth of 10-6 .

In telecommunication, antenna impedance matching plays a crucial role in a power transmission and broadcasting system. The existing network analyzer is imprecise for antenna impedance matching. A simple and an effective new technique based on an efficiency algorithm, which uses a random network coding and a low-density parity-check code is proposed in order to measure the standing wave ratio of a broadcasting antenna system in a wireless sensor network. It is shown that the proposed technique maximizes the instant measurement accuracy of the broadcasting/transmitting power at the radio frequency antennas input. In addition, measurement and calculation results show the potentials of the proposed technical accuracy for Measuring Standing Wave Ratio.

Aims: Oxidative stress is central to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), but the mechanisms involved in the control of this stress in dopaminergic cells are not fully understood. There is increasing evidence that selenoproteins play a central role in the control of redox homeostasis and cell defense, but the precise contribution of members of this family of proteins during the course of neurodegenerative diseases is still elusive. Results: We demonstrated first that selenoprotein T (SelT) whose gene disruption is lethal during embryogenesis, exerts a potent oxidoreductase activity. In the SH-SY5Y cell model of dopaminergic neurons, both silencing and overexpression of SelT affected oxidative stress and cell survival. Treatment with PD-inducing neurotoxins such as 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) or rotenone triggered SelT expression in the nigrostriatal pathway of wild-type mice, but provoked rapid and severe parkinsonian-like motor defects in conditional brain SelT-deficient mice. This motor impairment was associated with marked oxidative stress and neurodegeneration and decreased tyrosine hydroxylase activity and dopamine levels in the nigrostriatal system. Finally, in PD patients, we report that SelT is tremendously increased in the caudate putamen tissue. Innovation: These results reveal the activity of a novel selenoprotein enzyme that protects dopaminergic neurons against oxidative stress and prevents early and severe movement impairment in animal models of PD. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that selenoproteins such as SelT play a crucial role in the protection of dopaminergic neurons against oxidative stress and cell death, providing insight into the molecular underpinnings of this stress in PD. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 24, 557–574.

International audience; JANO’12 is the twelfth edition of the international congress : Days of Numerical Analysis and Optimization. The term JANO comes from the French acronym Journées d’Analyse Numérique et Optimisation. This scientific event, which takes place in Al-Hoceima (Morocco) from 18 to 20 October 2018, is organized by the Mathematics, Approximation and Optimization (MAO) research team of the Laboratory of Applied Sciences (LSA) : a research entity of the National School of Applied Sciences of Al-Hoceima (ENSAH : Ecole Nationale des Sciences Appliquées d’Al-Hoceima) in collaboration with the Faculty of Science and Technology of Al-Hoceima (FSTH : Faculté des Sciences et Techniques), which are two institutions of Abdelmalek Essaadi University. The main objective of this scientific meeting is to bring together researchers from different fields of Applied Mathematics - and more particularly researchers working in the field of numerical analysis, optimization, scientific computation, Data Analysis, Big Data mining and its applications- to contribute to the development of the economic and environmental fields. Participants will present and discuss their latest results in these areas. Thus, the twelfth edition of JANO’12 is an opportunity to discuss a numerous of research topics on recent developments in Applied Mathematics and Computer Sciences. This edition of the meeting follows eleven previous editions which took place in different Moroccan Universities. The main topics of the conference are -but are not limited to-• Numerical Linear Algebra and Applications,• Numerical Analysis and Optimization,• Inverse Problems,• Numerical methods for PDEs, stochastic PDEs,...• Meshless methods based on radial basis function for PDEs,• Stochastical models and Applied Mathematics in Finance area,• Big Data mining and Data Analysis,• Numerical methods for PDEs in image processing. This meeting also aims to strengthen scientific exchanges between the various national and international researchers ; to enable young researchers to promote their scientific work and promote local and national scientific research in the field of applied mathematics and optimization.

Generally, node groups in dense wireless networks (WNs) often pose the problem of communication between the central node and the rest of the nodes in a group. Adaptive Network Coded Cooperation (ANCC) for wireless central node networks adapts precisely to an extensive and dense WN, at this level the random linear network coding (RLNC) scheme with Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) are used as the essential ANCC evolution. This paper suggests two phases effective technique then studies the influence of the randomly chosen number of coded symbols which are correctly received in the second phase on bit error rate (BER). The proposed technique also focuses on the role of dispersion impact related to the LDPC code generating matrix. The results of the simulation allow selecting the best compromise for the best BER.

International audience; This letter proposes an accurate parameter extraction method based on the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm for a silicon carbide (SiC) power mosfet model. An improved compact model uses this method to study the static behavior of SiC power mosfets according to the temperature and the input voltage. The simulation results obtained with this proposed method fit perfectly the measurements and accurately describe the static behavior of 1200 V Gen 2 SiC mosfets. The extracted model parameters (threshold voltage, saturation region transconductance, and transverse electric field parameter) are evaluated to analyze the temperature impact and understand the physical behavior of 1200 V Gen 2 SiC power mosfet.

International audience; We have investigated the electrical properties of the BiMn alloy by measuring experimentally The resistivity and thermoelectric power(TEP) of liquid alloys xx1MnBi− (x=0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40, 0.45). We have observed that The resistivity increases from cm⋅Ωμ52.169at 1050°C for pure Bismuth to cm⋅Ωμ67.221for the alloy; while the thermoelectric power is negative and does not present any anomalies. In this work, we have been able to demonstrate that Manganese appears under a mixture of atoms of spin 1/2 and 3/2 states in the liquid alloy. During our resistivity calculation, xx1MnBi−was treated as a 5-components alloy, this allowed us to use an extended Faber-Ziman formalism. Mentioning that our theoretical model was based on two types of muffin tin potentials in the t-matrix, that is spin up and spin down. The resistivity is treated as the result the interferences between the two spin states of each electron with coherent and incoherent contributions. The calculated values are compared to our experimental values and give good results for xx1MnBi−alloy.

International audience; Callus induction was successfully carried out from several explants of carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.). Callogenesis from the apex was tested on three different media containing Woody Plant Medium (WPM), Murashige and Skoog (MS) or Schenk and Hildebrandt (SH) macronutrients supplemented with two different hormonal solutions: benzylaminopurine (BAP) at 4.44 µM alone, or 2.22 µM of BAP plus 5 µM of 2-naphthalineacetic acid (NAA). Primary callus formation was obtained on a medium containing 88% WPM macronutrients. Callus formation from other parts of the plant was as follows: − Cotyledon embryos extracted from immature seeds (85% success rate on WPM medium, containing 4.44 µM BAP and 5 µM NAA); − Cotyledon leaves taken from 7-day-old seedlings, obtained from in vitro germination of seeds (62% success rate on WPM medium, containing 4.44 µM BAP and 5 µM NAA); − Hypocotyls taken from 7-day-old seedlings (55% success rate on WPM containing 2.22 µM BAP and 5 µM NAA); − Differentiated leaves taken from mature tree (84% success rate on WPM medium, containing 4.44 µM of BA and 2.26 µM of NAA).In general, production of primary calli and their growth after transplantation was better on WPM medium supplemented with 2.5 µM NAA and 2.22 µM BAP.

International audience

Located in the North of Morocco, Bouhachem forest (about 8000 ha) is threatened by increased deforestation. In order to assure the sustainable management of this forest, the study of its landscape dynamic has been conducted, with emphasis on the role of cannabis cultivation and deforestation. For this, forest inventory was done, satellite images covering 26 years period were analysed, interviews of stakeholders conducted and the archives on the management of the forest checked. The forest basal area is 34.6 m²/ha in average. Canopy closure, stand density, rock exposition, and stump density average values were respectively 43%, 1001 stem/ha, 24% 187 stump/ha, for a wild stump rate of 18.7%. The total forest cover has shrunk by 11% between 1984 and 2010.The main reasons of forest depletion are: demographic explosion, erosion land slide, illegal logging and cannabis cultivation around which are gravitating an increased demand of forest resources, livestock grazing, corruption, poor surveillance, forest fire. Keywords : Bouhachem forest, livestock grazing, corruption, remote sensing and GIS, model of deforestation

International audience; Radio, especially frequency modulation (FM), still exists in several countries to broadcast different programs. The difference in level between both left and right audio channels in general causes degeneration of reception quality. We propose an efficient and profitable technical method that is easy to configure, automatic and does not require any external control or interface or programming. This method is ideally suited to solve all problems of this kind easily. The measurement results, either for Total harmonic distortion (THD), the amplitude-frequency response (AFR), or also for signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), show that the proposed method automatically avoids degradations at the reception and performs perfectly with the protocol of measurements intended for the transmitters FM.