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This study combines experimental and numerical evaluations of Vortex Bladeless Wind Turbines (VBWTs) to understand their potential in renewable energy generation. The methodology employs Two-Way Fluid–Solid Interface (FSI) simulations, alongside real-world data, providing important insights into the turbine’s vibration dynamics and flow interactions during operation. Key findings include identifying optimal vibration frequencies and amplitudes that enhance energy harvesting and a clear advantage in power-generation estimations shown by one of the models used. The study reveals possible applications of VBWT in various settings like airport runways, highways, and buildings, indicating a promising avenue for incorporating such renewable-energy solutions. Discussions on the economic feasibility and environmental benefits of VBWT deployment are also presented, suggesting a need for further research and optimization in this area. A conceptual generator design and business model are introduced as part of a broader discussion on technology integration and energy storage. The research in this study encompasses experimental and numerical analysis, to achieve a broader understanding of the workings of a VBWT, realizing the feasibility of using such systems in lower-wind-speed conditions and upscaling to higher-wind-speed cases.

Abstract Background BRCA1/2 germline mutation related cancers are candidates for new immune therapeutic interventions. This study was a hypothesis generating exploration of genomic data collected at diagnosis for 19 patients. The prominent tumor mutation burden (TMB) in hereditary breast and ovarian cancers in this cohort was not correlated with high global immune activity in their microenvironments. More information is needed about the relationship between genomic instability, phenotypes and immune microenvironments of these hereditary tumors in order to find appropriate markers of immune activity and the most effective anticancer immune strategies. Methods Mining and statistical analyses of the original DNA and RNA sequencing data and The Cancer Genome Atlas data were performed. To interpret the data, we have used published literature and web available resources such as Gene Ontology, The Cancer immunome Atlas and the Cancer Research Institute iAtlas. Results We found that BRCA1/2 germline related breast and ovarian cancers do not represent a unique phenotypic identity, but they express a range of phenotypes similar to sporadic cancers. All breast and ovarian BRCA1/2 related tumors are characterized by high homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) and low aneuploidy. Interestingly, all sporadic high grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOC) and most of the subtypes of triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) also express a high degree of HRD. Conclusions TMB is not associated with the magnitude of the immune response in hereditary BRCA1/2 related breast and ovarian cancers or in sporadic TNBC and sporadic HGSOC. Hereditary tumors express phenotypes as heterogenous as sporadic tumors with various degree of “BRCAness” and various characteristics of the immune microenvironments. The subtyping criteria developed for sporadic tumors can be applied for the classification of hereditary tumors and possibly also characterization of their immune microenvironment. A high HRD score may be a good candidate biomarker for response to platinum, and potentially PARP-inhibition. Trial registration Phase I Study of the Oral PI3kinase Inhibitor BKM120 or BYL719 and the Oral PARP Inhibitor Olaparib in Patients With Recurrent TNBC or HGSOC ( NCT01623349 ), first posted on June 20, 2012. The design and the outcome of the clinical trial is not in the scope of this study.

Abstract Background Due to recent advances in sequencing technologies, sequence-based analysis has been widely applied to detecting copy number variations (CNVs). There are several techniques for identifying CNVs using next generation sequencing (NGS) data, however methods employing depth of coverage or read depth (RD) have recently become a main technique to identify CNVs. The main assumption of the RD-based CNV detection methods is that the readcount value at a specific genomic location is correlated with the copy number at that location. However, readcount data’s noise and biases distort the association between the readcounts and copy numbers. For more accurate CNV identification, these biases and noise need to be mitigated. In this work, to detect CNVs more precisely and efficiently we propose a novel denoising method based on the total variation approach and the Taut String algorithm. Results To investigate the performance of the proposed denoising method, we computed sensitivities, false discovery rates and specificities of CNV detection when employing denoising, using both simulated and real data. We also compared the performance of the proposed denoising method, Taut String, with that of the commonly used approaches such as moving average (MA) and discrete wavelet transforms (DWT) in terms of sensitivity of detecting true CNVs and time complexity. The results show that Taut String works better than DWT and MA and has a better power to identify very narrow CNVs. The ability of Taut String denoising in preserving CNV segments’ breakpoints and narrow CNVs increases the detection accuracy of segmentation algorithms, resulting in higher sensitivities and lower false discovery rates. Conclusions In this study, we proposed a new denoising method for sequence-based CNV detection based on a signal processing technique. Existing CNV detection algorithms identify many false CNV segments and fail in detecting short CNV segments due to noise and biases. Employing an effective and efficient denoising method can significantly enhance the detection accuracy of the CNV segmentation algorithms. Advanced denoising methods from the signal processing field can be employed to implement such algorithms. We showed that non-linear denoising methods that consider sparsity and piecewise constant characteristics of CNV data result in better performance in CNV detection.

Abstract Background Recently copy number variation (CNV) has gained considerable interest as a type of genomic/genetic variation that plays an important role in disease susceptibility. Advances in sequencing technology have created an opportunity for detecting CNVs more accurately. Recently whole exome sequencing (WES) has become primary strategy for sequencing patient samples and study their genomics aberrations. However, compared to whole genome sequencing, WES introduces more biases and noise that make CNV detection very challenging. Additionally, tumors’ complexity makes the detection of cancer specific CNVs even more difficult. Although many CNV detection tools have been developed since introducing NGS data, there are few tools for somatic CNV detection for WES data in cancer. Results In this study, we evaluated the performance of the most recent and commonly used CNV detection tools for WES data in cancer to address their limitations and provide guidelines for developing new ones. We focused on the tools that have been designed or have the ability to detect cancer somatic aberrations. We compared the performance of the tools in terms of sensitivity and false discovery rate (FDR) using real data and simulated data. Comparative analysis of the results of the tools showed that there is a low consensus among the tools in calling CNVs. Using real data, tools show moderate sensitivity (~50% - ~80%), fair specificity (~70% - ~94%) and poor FDRs (~27% - ~60%). Also, using simulated data we observed that increasing the coverage more than 10× in exonic regions does not improve the detection power of the tools significantly. Conclusions The limited performance of the current CNV detection tools for WES data in cancer indicates the need for developing more efficient and precise CNV detection methods. Due to the complexity of tumors and high level of noise and biases in WES data, employing advanced novel segmentation, normalization and de-noising techniques that are designed specifically for cancer data is necessary. Also, CNV detection development suffers from the lack of a gold standard for performance evaluation. Finally, developing tools with user-friendly user interfaces and visualization features can enhance CNV studies for a broader range of users.

Background: One of the strongest risk factors for coronary artery disease is diabetes mellitus. Therefore, it is crucial to identify CAD in diabetic patients as soon as feasible. This study aimed to assess the relation between microalbuminuria and the angiographic severity of CAD patients with type 2 DM by SYNTAX I, SYNTAX II and Gensini scores. Patients and Methods: The study comprised 82 type II DM patients who were referred for elective coronary angiography due to a suspected CAD. All patients had their urinary albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR) determined, and the Gensini, SYNTAX, and SYNTAX II scores were used to determine how severe each patient's CAD was. Results: There were 26 (31.7%) females and 56 (68.3%) males in the study population. They were 56.29 + 9.18 years old on average. According to the UACR level, patients were divided into two groups: group 1 included patients with UACR less than 30 mg/g (41 patients), and group 2 included patients with UACR greater than or equal to 30 mg/g (41 patients). According to the study, patients in group 2 had considerably higher Gensini scores than patients in group 1 (P=0.001) and significantly higher SYNTAX scores than patients in group 1 (P=0.001). Age and the duration of DM and UACR had a positive association (p=0.003), and hypertension (HTN) and the duration of DM and UACR had a positive correlation (p=0.049). Conclusion: In type II DM, microalbuminuria can be utilized to predict the presence and severity of CAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study combines experimental and numerical evaluations of Vortex Bladeless Wind Turbines (VBWTs) to understand their potential in renewable energy generation. The methodology employs Two-Way Fluid–Solid Interface (FSI) simulations, alongside real-world data, providing important insights into the turbine's vibration dynamics and flow interactions during operation. Key findings include identifying optimal vibration frequencies and amplitudes that enhance energy harvesting and a clear advantage in power-generation estimations shown by one of the models used. The study reveals possible applications of VBWT in various settings like airport runways, highways, and buildings, indicating a promising avenue for incorporating such renewable-energy solutions. Discussions on the economic feasibility and environmental benefits of VBWT deployment are also presented, suggesting a need for further research and optimization in this area. A conceptual generator design and business model are introduced as part of a broader discussion on technology integration and energy storage. The research in this study encompasses experimental and numerical analysis, to achieve a broader understanding of the workings of a VBWT, realizing the feasibility of using such systems in lower-wind-speed conditions and upscaling to higher-wind-speed cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This novel study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract and leaf powder on the shelf life and safety of fresh oriental sausage. Therefore, 30 fresh oriental sausage samples were made and divided into 3 portions (10 samples of each), one as a control, while the other two portions were prepared with 1% of M. oleifera leaf ethanolic extract and 2.5% M. oleifera leaf powder. The prepared samples were then stuffed in a natural casing collected from sheep and kept at 4°C to be analyzed for chemical parameters (pH, TVN, and TBA) and bacteriological evaluation (psychrotrophic and Enterobacteriaceae) at the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th days of storage at 4°C. The addition of different concentrations of M. oleifera significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the chemical parameters and bacterial indices. This study concluded that the addition of 2.5% M. oleifera leaf powder to the fresh oriental sausage has a significant impact on its chemical and bacterial quality, which leads to prolonging the shelf life of the fresh oriental sausage until the 9th day of chilling storage at 4°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bivalves Mollusks have a potential benefit which include protection from anemia due to its content of iron and vit B12 in addition they pose a threat in promoting the ability to be contaminated by different heavy metals residues as a result of mining, industrial production untreated sewage sludge. Hg, Pb, Cd, As and Cr are the main five toxic heavy metals that induce human poisoning. For evaluation of Hg, Pb, Cd, As and Cr residues in Bivalve Mollusks in Fayoum province and their potential hazards, a total of 64 random samples of Bivalve Mollusks (Callista Florida species) were collected from the fish markets of Fayoum City, (Wadi Elrayan), Egypt The results revealed that the mean residues of Hg, Pb, Cd, As and Cr were 0.75, 0.77, 0.089, 7.285 and 0.011 mg/kg/ww, respectively. All samples examined for Hg and As exceeded the PML while Pb and Cd lied with the PML The collected samples were subjected to soaking in running water for 30 minutes; soaking in 5% acetic acid solution for 30 minutes and boiling with 5% acetic acid solution for 15 minutes .The heights reduction % of heavy metals residual levels were recorded after treatment in boiling 5% acetic acid treatment with the following reduction %; Hg (80%), Pb (67.6%), Cd (77.5%), As (44.35%) and Cr (75.76%). The assessment of Hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) value was exceeded 1 which indicates a potential risk to human health and TR was > 1x10-4 which indicates a carcinogenic risk to the local consumers and will face high chronic risk if they consume Bivalve Mollusks on regular basis in their diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global economic crisis led to the tendency of consumers to search for cheap food sources of animal origin, including dry sausage, regardless of the quality or safety factor. Nitrite is an important meat additive responsible for the distinctive color and flavor of meat products, inhibits the development of microbial spores, and delays lipid oxidation. At the same time, it has adverse health risks for meat consumers. Celery, Apium graveolens, as a plant rich in nitrate was used in this study for replacing the synesthetic chemical nitrite used in sausage manufacture. Dry sausage samples were divided into three equal groups, the first group without adding sodium nitrite and kept as a control group. The second group was treated with 100 mg/kg of sodium nitrite while the third group was treated with 0.3% celery powder. All groups were periodically examined for sensory and chemical quality parameters. Generally, there are no significant differences (P>0.05) found between sausage groups attributes to appearance. The results of color, flavor, smell, nitrite content, TVN, and TBA of control sausage samples were statistically lower (P<0.05) than those of treated sausage groups. No differences (P>0.05) were found for the attribute color, flavor, smell, nitrite content, TVN, and TBA between those treated with 100 ppm sodium nitrite and 0.3% celery sausages groups. The obtained results concluded that safe dry sausage could be produced with high quality without the addition of synthetic sodium nitrite, by replacing it with 0.3% celery powder. Celery offers a high potential nitrite as natural substitutes improve both the sensory and chemical quality of the dry sausage. However, further research is needed to irrefutably determine all potential benefits content of the celery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fifty samples each of fresh chicken fillet, shiesh, drum, shawarma, and wings were collected from a poultry processing plant, in Ismailia city, Egypt. The values of the mean total bacterial counts were 2x104±7x102, 2x104±102, 1x104±3x102, 7x104±5x102, and 6x103±2x102 respectively, for total coliform counts were 2x10-2±4x10-1, 1x10-2±3x10-1, 5x10-2±2x10-1, 8x10-2±4x10-1, and3x10-2±1x10-1, respectively. The mean value of Staphylococcus aureus count in fillet was 2x10-2±2x10-1, in drum 1x10-2±3x10-1, shiesh 2x10-2±5x10-1, shawerma 2x10-2±10-1, and wings 4x10-1±10-1. For E. coli count in fillet was 9x10-1±0.4x10-1, in drum 2x10-1±0.2x10-1, in shiesh 2x10-1±0.6x10-1, in shawerma 1x10-1±0.2x10-1, and in wings was 1x10-1±0.1x10-1. The prevalence of Salmonella spp.in the examined chicken fillet, drum, shiesh, shawarma, and wings were 6%, 8%, 6%, 6%, and 4%, respectively. The results showed that E. coli could be detected in all samples and laid within the accepted limits for fillet, drum, shiesh, shawerma, and wings. The Standard limits (SE) recommended by The Egyptian Organization for standardization (EOS) for Salmonella revealed that chicken broiler cut exceeded the accepted limits with 3(6%) for fillet, 4(8%) for drum, 3(6%) for shiesh, 3(6%) for shawerma, and 2(4%) for wings. For total aerobic plate count, the samples which exceed the SE limits were 4(8%) for fillet, 5(10%) for drum, 6(12%) for Shiesh, 7(14%) for shawerma, and 4(8%) for Wings. The results showed that the processing techniques applied, type of packing, poultry abattoirs, and the farm environment need an effective procedure to produce safe chicken broiler meat cuts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional dry sausages are one of the meat products that target globally by thousands of meat consumers. From a consumer perception point of view, the quality of this traditional meat product is of great concern. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the sensory and chemical quality of 100 samples of dry sausage marketed in Ismailia city, Egypt. Only 22 dry sausage samples were accepted in concern to their appearance and 56 samples were accepted in concern to their flavor. Out of 78 samples rejected for appearance, 43 (overfilling), 12 (fading) and 23 (discolored) rejected sausage samples. Out of 44 samples rejected for flavor, 28 (rancid), 10 (sour), and 6 (putrid) rejected sausage samples. The mean values of moisture, protein, fat, ash, CHO, and NaCl contents for dry sausage samples were 43.7, 15.3, 19.9, 4.3, 13.6, and 3.2 respectively. 90% of sausage samples corresponded with the standard limit of moisture content. Commercial fraud during the manufacture of the dry sausage was detected based on their protein content whereas 56% of the sausage samples were unfit with the requirement of Egyptian Standard for protein contents. The mean pH, TBA and TVB-N values for the examined dry sausage samples were 5.1, 0.9 (mg/Kg), and 14.9 (mg/100g) respectively. It could be concluded that a considerable number of dry sausage samples had deviation in their sensory and chemical quality and may have a negative effect on consumer satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]