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The main objective of this study is to provide input on the mesh and temperature distribution inside the drying chamber for a building-integrated dryer for food preservation to obtain a uniform temperature profile. For this, we varied the angle of inclination of 20° and 30° subsequently we also varied the speed of the air flow of (1m/s; 1,2 m/s; 1,5 m/s; 1,7 m/s and 2 m/s), the temperature at the level of the walls is the ambient temperature it is 25°C and the air inlet temperature is set at 55°C. The results obtained showed that the temperature distribution inside the different drying chambers is almost uniform for an inclination of 30° against for an inclination of 20° it is uniform on the bend of the cone of the diffuser but not in the drying chamber. This uniform distribution reduces the drying time of the product. It can therefore be concluded that the variation in tilt angle and drying speed has a significant effect on the drying time of the product.

This study aimed to investigate the students' strategies of the metacognition awareness for the academic texts reading. The study was attended by (31) students of different nationalities, in the third and fourth levels. To collect the data, we used a questionnaire containing (31) items, divided into three categories: general reading strategies, problem-solving strategies and support strategies. The data collected has been analyzed by using SPSS. The results shown that, the problem-solving strategies came with the highest arithmetic mean value with (3.62), then the support strategies to a height degree of (3.54) mean value, and finally, the global reading strategies, with a medium mean degree of (3.39). The overall results, which came to a large height degree (3.51), indicate that the students' awareness of metacognitive reading strategies is to a high degree. Regarding to the results, the study recommend researcher to conducting a similar study on the female student, individually, or in partnership with the male students, to find out which gender is more aware of metacognitive-reading strategies.

This study aims to analysis the Phonetics errors of the Zarma-Songhai students during their studies of Arabic as a second language, after observing many problems that these students face during the pronunciation of some Arabic sounds such as الخاء /خ/ والضاد /ض/ والصاد /ص/... ، . The study was limited to analyzing the vowels and consonants sounds without bend to other phonological or linguistical errors, and we adopted a contrastive analysis approach to compare the sounds between Arabic and Zarma-Songhai, to find out the common, similar or different sounds between the two languages, and we have reached (16) common sounds, and (12) missing Arabic sounds in the Songhai language. It is where the students faces difficulty in acquiring this sounds, and the most difficult among them are the sounds of the “tip of the tongue and above the folds” sounds witch are : / ص /, / ض /, / ط/ and the sounds of the “tip of the tongue and the edges of the sounds” like / ظ /, / ث /, / ذ /. Then we monitored the students' mistakes according to the error analysis approach (identifying, explaining, and correcting the error). Finally, we presented many ways to solve sound problems of phonetics errors and some vocal training models such as Minimal-Pairs تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحليل أخطاء طلاب الزرما-السنغاي عند تعلمهم اللغة العربية لغة ثانية، وذلك بعد ملاحظة العديد من المشاكل التي يواجهها هؤلاء الطلاب الزرما- سنغاي عند نطق بعض الأصوات العربية مثل: الخاء /خ/ والضاد /ض/ والصاد /ص/...، واقتصرت الدراسة على تحليل أصوات الظواهر القطعية دون غيرها من الأخطاء الصوتية أو اللغوية، وقد انتهجنا منهج التحليل التقابلي للمقارنة بين الأصوات في العربية والزرما-سنغاي لمعرفة الأصوات مشتركة ومتشابهة أو مختلفة بينمها، وقد توصلنا إلى وجود (16) صوتا مشتركة، و (12) صوتا عربية مفقودة في اللغة السنغاي. وهي التي يواجه فيها الدراس صعوبة في اكتسابها، وأن أصعبها عليهم هي أصوات مخارج "طرف اللسان وما فوق الثنايا": /ض/، /ط/، /ص/ وأصوات "طرف اللسان وأطراف الثنايا": /ظ/، /ذ/، /ث/. وبعدها رصدنا أخطاء الطلاب على نهج تحليل الأخطاء (تحديد الخطأ وتفسيره، وتصويبه). وفي الأخير قدمنا العديد من سبل حل مشاكل الأصوات وبعض نماذج التدريب على الصوتي مثل الثنائيات الصغرى.