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Abstract We applied stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic analyses to understand the faunivory of the four sympatric wild Paradoxurinae civet species in Borneo, which share similar ecological characteristics. We also employed compound-specific nitrogen isotope analysis of amino acids to estimate these species’ trophic positions (TPs). The bulk stable isotope analysis revealed distinctly lower nitrogen isotope ratios in binturongs than in the other three species. This suggests that binturongs exhibit the lowest degree of faunivory among the four species. Binturongs had the lowest TP estimated from the nitrogen isotope ratios of amino acids (2.0–2.1), followed by small-toothed palm civets (2.4–2.5), masked palm civets (2.7), and common palm civets (2.9). These results suggest that there is little faunivory in binturong and variations in faunivory in the other species. Although the number of samples measured for the nitrogen isotope ratios of amino acids is small (n = 2 for each species), our results suggest that the varying degree of consumption of animal food sources, such as insects, is the key mechanism of niche partitioning in these four Paradoxurinae civet species in Borneo. Such subtle but essential differences in closely related sympatric species would maintain high biodiversity in tropical regions.

Abstract This study solves the coupled fractional differential equations defining the massive Thirring model and the Kundu Eckhaus equation using the Natural transform decomposition method. The massive Thirring model is a dynamic component of quantum field theory, consisting of a coupled nonlinear complex differential equations. Initially, we study the suggested equations under the fractional derivative of Caputo-Fabrizio. The Atangana-Baleanu derivative is then used to evaluate the comparable equations. The results are significant and necessary for exploring a range of physical processes. This paper uses modern approach and the fractional operators in this situation to develop satisfactory approximations to the offered problems. The proposed approach combines the natural transform technique with the efficient Adomian decomposition scheme. Obtaining numerical findings in the form of a fast-converge series significantly improves the scheme’s accuracy. Some graphical plot distributions are presented to show that the present approach is very simple and straightforward. We performed a fractional order analysis of assumed phenomena to demonstrate and validate the effectiveness of the future technique. The behaviour of the approximate series solution for several fractional orders is shown visually. Additionally, the nature of the derived outcome has been observed for various fractional orders. The derived results demonstrate how simple and efficient the proposed method is to apply for analysing the behaviour of fractionally-order complex nonlinear differential equations that arise in related fields of engineering and science.

Abstract In this study, we introduce a novel iterative method combined with the Elzaki transformation to address a system of partial differential equations involving the Caputo derivative. The Elzaki transformation, known for its effectiveness in solving differential equations, is incorporated into the proposed iterative approach to enhance its efficiency. The system of partial differential equations under consideration is characterized by the presence of Caputo derivatives, which capture fractional order dynamics. The developed method aims to provide accurate and efficient solutions to this complex mathematical system, contributing to the broader understanding of fractional calculus applications in the context of partial differential equations. Through numerical experiments and comparisons, we demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed Elzaki-transform-based iterative method in handling the intricate dynamics inherent in the given system. The study not only showcases the versatility of the Elzaki transformation but also highlights the potential of the developed iterative technique for addressing similar problems in various scientific and engineering domains.

Abstract In this work, we use two unique methodologies, the homotopy perturbation transform method and Yang transform decomposition method, to solve the fractional nonlinear seventh-order Kaup–Kupershmidt (KK) problem. The physical phenomena that arise in chemistry, physics, and engineering are mathematically explained in this equation, in particular, nonlinear optics, quantum mechanics, plasma physics, fluid dynamics, and so on. The provided methods are used to solve the fractional nonlinear seventh-order KK problem along with the Yang transform and fractional Caputo derivative. The results are significant and necessary for exploring a range of physical processes. This paper uses modern approaches and the fractional operator to develop satisfactory approximations to the offered problem. To solve the fractional KK equation, we first use the Yang transform and fractional Caputo derivative. He’s and Adomian polynomials are useful to manage nonlinear terms. It is shown that the suggested approximate solution converges to the exact one. In these approaches, the results are calculated as convergent series. The key advantage of the recommended approaches is that they provide highly precise results with little computational work. The suggested approach results are compared to the precise solution. By comparing the outcomes with the precise solution using graphs and tables we can verify the efficacy of the offered strategies. Also, the outcomes of the suggested methods at various fractional orders are examined, demonstrating that the findings get more accurate as the value moves from fractional order to integer order. Moreover, the offered methods are innovative, simple, and quite accurate, demonstrating that they are effective for resolving differential equations.

The main objective of this study is to examine the Islamic and Malay elements that are acculturated in the Dabus dance ritual of Perak, Malaysia. The focused group of this study is the Dabus of Tanjung Bidara village, estimated to have been established since the 1818s. However, throughout that time, the perception of the Malay community has not been strong yet, specifically regarding the ritual relationship of the Dabus dance with Islamic values. In fact, not infrequently, Dabus dance rituals are seen as contradicting the values of Islam itself. It is even seen over as skewed by some of the Malay community. However, in terms of history, meaning, practice, and ritual function, the Dabus dance itself cannot be separated from Islam. The study was designed as a field study. The data collected is qualitative and analysed critically using ritual theory, cultural symbols, and acculturation. Data was collected through interviews, field observations, and documents. Other data sources include a review of text, photos, videos, and relevant articles. The findings show that 1) the process of Malay-Islamic acculturation in Dabus dance rituals has been since the arrival of Dabus dance in the Malay peninsula and continues until now; 2) one of the most significant Islamic-Malay acculturation methods and strategies is the reinvention of the Dabus dance over time; 3) Islamic-Malay acculturation includes not only physical forms (forms, structures, and ritual elements) but also non-physical aspects (doa, zikir, selawat, berzanji, belief).

Many students find redox reactions challenging due to educators focusing solely on imparting knowledge without real-world connections. This approach limits critical thinking and reduces students' self-efficacy. To address these issues, fostering creativity and developing interactive learning materials are essential solutions. This research aims to create contextual teaching and learning (CTL) based interactive learning media for redox reactions. This media focuses on validity, practicality, and effectiveness in enhancing students' critical thinking skills and self-efficacy. The research framework employed in this study follows a research and development method with an analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation (ADDIE) model, with a research subject of 31 students. The results showed that interactive learning media was declared valid by media experts and material experts with an average score of 92.50% (high validity category). Media is very practical based on readability tests, students' responses, teachers' responses and observation sheets average percentage of 85.92%. It is also proven to increase critical thinking skills in high effective category (N-gain 0.81), and increase self-efficacy in moderate category (N-gain 0.65).

Rutan Kelas IIB Bangkalan merupakan Rumah Tahanan sebagai tempat tersangka atau terdakwa ditahan selama proses penyidikan, penuntutan, dan pemeriksaan di sidang pengadilan. Rumah Tahanan merupakan unit pelaksana teknis yang berada di bawah naungan Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia. Di mana terdapat petugas untuk melayani para tahanan yang disebut dengan Petugas Rutan (Sipir) yang bertugas untuk Memberikan bimbingan, mempersiapkan sarana dan mengelola hasil kerja; Melakukan bimbingan sosial; Melakukan pemeliharaan keamanan dan tata tertib Lembaga Pemasyarakatan; dan Melakukan urusan tata usaha dan rumah tangga. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Bagaimana cara mewujudkan lembaga pemasyarakatan yang memperhatikan kesejahteraan warga binaannya di Rutan Kelas IIB Bangkalan melalui penegakan Etika Profesi Pegawai LP yang tentunya menjadi tugas serta kewajiban yang harus dipatuhi dan dijalankan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan berupa penelitian lapangan (field research) dengan menggunakan Deskriptif Normatif melalui pendekatan Kualitatif, yaitu dengan melakukan wawancara mendalam (in-depht interview) serta terjun langsung ke lapangan. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa terdapat banyak upaya yang telah dilakukan oleh para Sipir demi mewujudkan lembaga pemasyarakatan yang memperhatikan kesejahteraan warga binaannya di Rutan Kelas IIB Bangkalan salah satunya yakni dengan memberikan pelayanan yang terbaik terhadap semua warga binaan secara merata sesuai dengan standar yang telah ditetapkan. Hal ini berdasarkan rasa puas yang dirasakan oleh seluruh warga binaan terhadap kinerja para pegawai Lembaga Permasyarakatan (Lapas) yang secara maksimum sudah melayani mereka dengan sangat baik, sehingga dapat disimpulkan dengan diterapkannya Etika Profesi dari Sipir dapat menumbuhkan citra terhadap sistem pelayanan di sebuah lembaga pemasyarakatan.

This research aims to create a product in the form of interactive multimedia based on an articulate storyline using buffer solution material that is feasible, practical, and effective for improving students' creative thinking skills. The research method used in this development is Research and Development (R&D) with a development model, namely 4D: define, design, develop, and disseminate. Interactive multimedia based on an articulate storyline was tested on 34 class XI MIPA 1 MAN 2 Banjarmasin City students. The research results indicate that interactive multimedia based on an articulate storyline has been developed: (1) Worthy in terms of the appropriateness of content, language, visual appearance, audiovisual, and application; (2) Very practical in individual trials and small group trials; (3) Very practical from the students' responses and very good from the teacher's teaching activities; (4) Effective based on the N-gain value of students' creative thinking skills is in the medium category. Interactive multimedia based on an articulate storyline in buffer solution material to improve students' creative thinking skills is declared feasible, practical, and effective.

The goal of the current study is to analyze several nonlinear two-dimensional time-fractional Rosenau–Hyman equations. The two-dimensional fractional Rosenau–Hyman equation has extensive use in engineering and applied sciences. The fractional view analysis of two-dimensional time-fractional Rosenau–Hyman equations is discussed using the homotopy perturbation approach, Adomian decomposition method, and Yang transformation. Some examples involving two-dimensional time-fractional Rosenau–Hyman equations are provided to better understand the suggested approaches. The solutions appear as infinite series. We offer a comparison between the accurate solutions and those that are generated employing the proposed approaches to demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed techniques. The results are graphically illustrated using two-dimensional and three-dimensional graphs. It has been noted that the obtained results and the targeted problems real solutions are quite similar. Calculated solutions at various fractional levels describe some of the problems useful dynamics. A comparison between the numerical solutions of the models under study and the exact solutions in cases when a solution is known serves as a clear demonstration of the viability and dependability of the suggested approaches. Other fractional problems that arise in other fields of science and engineering can be solved using a modified version of the current techniques.

Mycorrhizae, exclusively associated with orchids, play a crucial role in plant growth, competitive interactions and pathogen protection. This study aimed to quantitatively assess the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization rate in Dactylorhiza hatagirea at three sites in Kashmir Himalaya: Gulmarg, Sonamarg, and Pahalgam. Additionally, it examines soil parameters such as temperature, precipitation, pH, organic carbon, phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen. The root tips were collected at a depth of 0-20 cm. Samples were stored in sterilized polythene bags, refrigerated at 4±1 °C. Our results showed a significant variation in mycorrhizal colonization across three sites, with Pahalgam showing the highest at 78%, followed by Gulmarg at 73%, and Sonamarg at 57%. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed 69.5% of the variation in environmental and soil variables. Positive correlations were observed among pH, nitrogen, potassium, and organic carbon, whereas phosphorus was negatively correlated with potassium and nitrogen. Gulmarg and Pahalgam were similar in soil characteristics, while Sonamarg exhibited distinct differences. Phosphorus positively correlated with Sonamarg but negatively with Pahalgam and Gulmarg, while other soil parameters showed opposite trends. The study emphasizes the significance of AMF colonization in understanding and enhancing plant-microbe interactions in terrestrial ecosystems, highlighting its role in nutrient cycling and the assimilation of essential elements like phosphorus and nitrogen.

This research analyzes the optimization of independent curriculum management in forming superior student character in madrasas. This research uses a qualitative case study type approach. The data collection technique uses observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique uses the Miles, Huberman, and Saldana Interactive Model with data condensation activities, data presentation, and concluding. The triangulation of sources and techniques obtains the validity of the data. The research results show that implementing Independent Curriculum Management to build student character is structured and reasonable. The implementation of Independent Curriculum Management includes five steps, namely increasing the efficiency of using curriculum resources, increasing fairness and opportunities for students, increasing the relevance and effectiveness of learning, increasing the effectiveness of teacher performance and student activities, and increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of the teaching and learning process. These five steps are a process of organizational and functional strengthening of the madrasah for student character. Student character can be influenced by a conducive and collaborative learning culture and learning activities that are proactive and productive in their implementation.

A retrospective study of poisoning cases admitted in ICU [Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care GMC Srinagar] from Jan 2006 to May 2014 was conducted to evaluate the socio demographic variables and type of poison consumed in these cases. Organophosphorous poisoning cases were predominant, amounting to 394 cases. Maximum cases (281) were in the age group of 18 to 35 years. Female predominance was seen in the study population. It was observed that unmarried people (294) had high incidence of poisoning as compared to married people (150). Most of the cases admitted in ICU were from south zone (204) which had a population of 2,328,950 as compared to central (129) and north (111) zones of Kashmir that had a population of 1,250,173 and 2,573,169 respectively.

This autoethnographic study explores the dynamics of teaching English to two homeschool students, aged 6 and 13, within their home environment, focusing on personalized instructional strategies. The researcher, serving as both teacher and observer, examines the interplay of the students' unique learning styles, preferred teaching resources, and attention spans. Student A, a kinesthetic learner, benefits from interactive games and physical activities, while Student B, a visual learner, excels with structured lessons and visual aids. The use of diverse online resources, such as British Council and Duolingo, enhances engagement through gamification and multimedia elements. The study highlights the necessity of adaptable teaching methods to address varying attention spans, with Student A requiring frequent activity changes and Student B benefiting from periodic breaks during in-depth exploration. The findings underscore the effectiveness of tailored educational approaches in fostering student engagement and learning outcomes. By documenting and reflecting on these experiences, the study contributes to the broader field of educational research, advocating for the integration of personalized and technologically enriched teaching strategies in homeschooling settings. This research affirms the transformative potential of individualized instruction in nurturing academic growth and a lifelong love for learning. Keywords: Autoethnography, homeschooling, English for Young Learners, personalized instruction, educational technology.

TVET in Malaysia is geared toward providing quality education, training, and resources but it still needs to be strengthened and reformed toward producing a more quality and skilled workforce. This study aimed to procure feedback from TVET curriculum key-players’ (automotive) on the integration of automotive case-based simulation (CBS) as TVET future learning strategies. Collective case-study research design was used with purposive sampling design which involved 5 curriculum key-players in vocational college and 16 automotive industries as study respondents. A set of questionnaires and interview protocols were used to gather quantitative and qualitative data. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to obtain an average measure agreement among raters. ATLAS.ti was also used through thematic analysis to produce models. The ICC showed high values of agreement for the process and structure of the CBS. The limitation of this research focused on one program (automotive technology) through the key-players’ and industries’ perspectives toward the implementation of CBS as a tool to enhance students’ soft skills. The collation of both data showed the alignment between both parties against the CBS. The curriculum key-players agreed that CBS fulfilled its requirements as a tool to enrich TVET students’ marketability skills, supported by the automotive industries’ perspective which believed that using CBS would prepare TVET students’ readiness to the workplace. Notably, the CBS provides an opportunity to stimulate thinking and learning preferences among students, in addition to being a learning tool for future TVET learning strategies that connect theory and practice in preparation for job training.

This study delved into the dynamics of wave solutions within the Estevez-Mansfield-Clarkson equation in fractional nonlinear space-time. Utilizing conformable fractional derivatives, the equation governing shallow water phenomena and fluid dynamics was transformed into a nonlinear ordinary differential equation. Applying the Riccati Bernoulli sub-ODE approach yielded a finite series representation. Notably, our findings revealed novel solitary wave solutions characterized by kink, anti-kink, periodic, and shock functions. Visualized through 3D and contour graphs, kink and periodic waves emerged as distinct observable manifestations. Intriguingly, the diversity of results surpassed previous results, contributing to a deeper understanding of the intricate dynamics inherent in the system.

The homotopy perturbation transform method was examined in the present research to address the nonlinear time-fractional Korteweg-de Vries equations using a nonsingular kernel fractional derivative that Caputo-Fabrizio recently developed. We devoted our research to the nonlinear time-fractional Korteweg-de Vries equation and certain associated phenomena because of some physical applications of this equation. The results are significant and necessary for illuminating a range of physical processes. This paper considered an innovative method and fractional operator in this context to obtain satisfactory approximations to the provided issues. To solve nonlinear time-fractional Korteweg-de Vries equations, we first considered the Yang transform of the Caputo-Fabrizio fractional derivative. In order to confirm the applicability and efficacy of the provided method, we took into consideration two cases of the nonlinear time-fractional Korteweg-de Vries equation. He's polynomials were useful in order to manage nonlinear terms. In this method, the outcome was calculated as a convergent series, and it was demonstrated that the homotopy perturbation transform method solutions converge to the exact solutions. The main benefit of the suggested method was that it offered solutions with a high degree of precision while requiring minimal computation. Graphs were also used to illustrate the series solution for a certain non-integer orders. Finally, a comparison of both examples outcomes were examined using diagrams and numerical data. These graphs showed how the approximated solution's graph and the precise solution's graph eventually converged as the non-integer order gets closer to integer order. When $ \varsigma = 1 $, several numerical comparisons were conducted with the exact solutions. The numerical simulation was offered to illustrate the efficiency and reliability of the proposed approach. In addition, the behavior of the provided solutions was explained using a number of fractional orders. The theoretical analysis matched with the findings obtained using the current technique, and the suggested technique can be extended to tackle many higher-order nonlinear dynamics problems.

Objective study This is for know The Role of the Constitutional Court in Reviewing the Presidential Threshold Law for the 2024 Presidential Election As for the method study This is a qualitative study, and research qualitative is a research method used to understand social phenomena in depth. As for the type of research used by the researcher, i.e., studies, usage studies, because the researcher can understand in a way the deep context, process, and complexity of the phenomenon researched. The research results show that the Constitutional Court has the responsibility to ensure that the presidential threshold requirements are in accordance with the constitution and the basic principles of democracy. Controversial cases in various countries and the challenges associated with presidential threshold testing demonstrate the complexity and controversy involved in these arrangements.

Indonesia possesses a wealth of cultural assets, encompassing a wide range of traditions and Islamic heritage, which presents a significant opportunity for the development of tourism. This investigation delves into the Wali-Songo pilgrimage, a revered practice centered around nine influential saints who played a crucial role in propagating Islam throughout Java during the 15th and 16th centuries. Combining elements of worship and tourism, this pilgrimage attracts a diverse array of visitors, both local and international. The objective of this research is to examine the growth of Islamic tourism in Indonesia, with a specific focus on the Wali-Songo tradition, by mapping out tourist destinations and evaluating their potential. The findings underscore a burgeoning interest in Islamic tourism, highlighting the necessity for enhanced management and amenities at these sites. The results show that Islamic tourism potential continues to grow and attract Indonesian and society abroad. The increase in visits to this site and improved management and facilities for pilgrims, including information related to Wali-Songo, will further introduce how the saints preached and spread Islam in the archipelago.

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) affects quality of life (QoL) in those living with Parkinson’s Disease (PD) through the loss of independence, sociability and creates feelings of shame. Knowledge pertaining to metamemory and cognitive interventions for PD in exercise rehabilitation is limited. This exploratory study aimed to determine the level of memory contentment, self-appraised memory ability and compensatory memory strategy among non-demented PD patients (n = 20) partaking in exercise rehabilitation. An online cross-sectional survey study design was employed, and the Multifactorial Memory Questionnaire was completed, measuring several aspects of metamemory. Inter-group comparisons were performed using a one-way ANOVA to determine relationships between variables by means of Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS (Version 28.0, IBM) at a significance level of p

Nickel-manganese-cobalt (NMC) is a type of cathode material widely used in lithium-ion batteries (LiBs). It performs well on high energy density and thermal stability, but after several charged-discharged cycles, its capacity significantly degrades and becomes waste. Leaching methods with strong inorganic acids are widely used to prevent the release of valuable metals into the environment. Still, these methods must be effectively achieved regarding the low selectivity of specific metals and environmental emissions. This study presents a selective leaching treatment for Ni metals extraction with the organic acid combination of H3PO4–H2C2O4 as a leaching agent. The research started with preparation, including discharge, dismantling, calcination steps, leaching, and precipitation. Ni, Mn, and Co leaching efficiency can reach up to 99.90 %, 3.29 %, and 43.65 %, respectively. The leaching experiment shows that a combination system contributes to obtaining excellent selectivity towards Ni metals compared to the others. The optimum conditions for selectively recovering Ni metals were an H3PO4–H2C2O4 volume ratio of 8:2 and a liquid-solid ratio of 25 mL/g, leaching at 60 °C for 1.5 h. The thermodynamics and kinetics of the leaching reactions were analyzed to determine the feasibility of leaching three metals. Leachate, which is Ni-saturated from cathode powder, was added with Cyanex272 to facilitate the precipitation of Ni3(PO4)2 with a yield of up to 40 %. This study presents a potential ''waste-to-wealth'' approach to lead the efficient and environmental recycling of spent NMC cathode LIBs.

AbstractThe article proposes a conceptual framework to explain how organizational justice can mitigate the negative effects of glass ceiling on women’s career advancement and consequently create an equal ground for women to advance their careers just like their male counterparts. The article uses the Social Role theory and the Rawlsian theory of justice to propose a conceptual model with hypotheses that are backed by logical and theoretical arguments. This conceptual paper proposes that personal, societal, and organizational barriers would have a negative effect on women’s career advancement but organizational justice could positively moderate such a relationship by eliminating the negative effects of glass ceiling and thereby creating equal competitive grounds for both women and men to advance in their career. The paper offers practical suggestions on the need for managers to give the needed attention and importance to the three main dimensions of organizational justice as this has the possibility of ensuring that glass ceiling is reduced to the barest minimum in order to create a conducive environment will be created for both men and women to progress in their career. Thus the paper argues that organizational justice can moderate the negative relationship between glass ceiling and women’s career advancement.

The symmetry features of fractional differential equations allow effective explanation of physical and biological phenomena in nature. The generalized form of the fractional differential equations is the variable-order fractional differential equations that describe the physical and biological applications. This paper discusses the closed-form traveling wave solutions for the nonlinear space–time variable-order fractional modified Kawahara and (2 + 1)-dimensional Burger hierarchy equations. The variable-order fractional differential equation has a derivative operator in the Caputo sense that is converted into the integer-order ordinary differential equation (ODE) by fractional transformation. The obtained ODE is solved by the exponential rational function method, and as a result, new exact solutions are constructed. Two problems are proposed to confirm the solutions of the space-time variable-order fractional differential equations.

In the modern world, emerging economies are examining how technological progression and carbon neutrality goals can encourage sustainable production and consumption. Striving for carbon neutrality requires using energy storage technologies and alternative energy sources. This study investigates Indonesia’s ecological sustainability, focusing on CO2 emissions and air quality index-related smog pollution, with renewable energy adoption, energy storage technology, and environmental innovation as primary influencing factors. The study employed the Quantile Autoregressive Distributed Lag (QARDL) method to explore long-term and short-term correlations between the predictors and the resultant variables. Findings reveal a significant negative correlation between adopting renewable energy (REA), using renewable energy, and EST and CO2 emissions across various quantiles in Indonesia. However, globalization was found to have a positive and significant relationship with CO2 emissions, but this association was only seen at higher quantiles. The long-term analysis revealed that environmental conservation efforts, renewable energy utilization, and environmental taxes could significantly reduce PM2.5 level haze pollution in Indonesia. The QARDL method also supports a negative long-term correlation between REA, ALT, and EST, while globalization is linked to increased CO2 emissions in Indonesia, exacerbating environmental sustainability concerns. In summary, this research concludes that practical innovation, renewable energy consumption, and environmental taxation decrease carbon emissions, while globalization increases them in Indonesia.

This study investigates a fresh perspective on how natural resource rents (NRR) and quantity of natural resources (QNR) modulate the influence of fiscal decentralization (FD) and the Financial Development Index (FDI) on energy efficiency (ENE) and CO2 Emissions. We draw upon the Stochastic Impacts of Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology framework, taking the BRICS countries as the subject of investigation from 1986 through 2021. Using a panel Method of Moments Quantile Regression with fixed effects, our results suggest that fiscal decentralization is favorable for environmental stability, particularly in BRICS countries with higher energy efficiency and CO2 Emission levels. Increased FDI proves environmentally harmful, with pronounced effects in more energy-efficient nations. Regarding direct influences, NRR and QNR hinder energy and CO2 efficiency, notably in countries with lower energy efficiency and CO2 emissions. Regarding indirect effects, NRR and QNR positively steer the impact of fiscal decentralization and the Financial Development Index on energy efficiency and CO2 Emissions, exhibiting stronger effects in energy-efficient nations. Among other control variables, Eco-Innovation (ECO_INNO), Solar energy production (SEP), Population (POP), and Economic Growth (GDP) foster environmental stability. We propose that fiscal decentralization should be based on a clear and responsible subnational government framework to counter rent-seeking behaviors and weak environmental conservation. Further, inclusive finance must strengthen the accessibility and cost-effectiveness of financial solutions for economic agents, promoting green consumption and investment initiatives to reach environmental stability and other Sustainable Development Goals.

Various traditional management techniques are employed to control plant diseases caused by bacteria and fungi. However, due to their drawbacks and adverse environmental effects, there is a shift toward employing more eco-friendly methods that are less harmful to the environment and human health. The main aim of the study was to biosynthesize silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Rhizoctonia solani and Cladosporium cladosporioides using a green approach and to test the antimycotic activity of these biosynthesized AgNPs against a variety of pathogenic fungi. The characterization of samples was done by using UV–visible spectroscopy, SEM (scanning electron microscopy), FTIR (fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy), and XRD (X-ray diffractometry). During the study, the presence of strong plasmon absorbance bands at 420 and 450 nm confirmed the AgNPs biosynthesis by the fungi Rhizoctonia solani and Cladosporium cladosporioides. The biosynthesized AgNPs were 80–100 nm in size, asymmetrical in shape and became spherical to sub-spherical when aggregated. Assessment of the antifungal activity of the silver nanoparticles against various plant pathogenic fungi was carried out by agar well diffusion assay. Different concentration of AgNPs, 5 mg/mL 10 mg/mL and 15 mg/mL were tested to know the inhibitory effect of fungal plant pathogens viz. Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium citrinum, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium metavorans, and Aspergillus aflatoxiformans. However, 15 mg/mL concentration of the AgNPs showed excellent inhibitory activity against all tested fungal pathogens. Thus, the obtained results clearly suggest that silver nanoparticles may have important applications in controlling various plant diseases caused by fungi.

Spatial confinement effects offered by a blocker on the laser-induced plasma parameters of titanium (Ti) are evaluated using the Optical Emission Spectroscopy technique. Nd:YAG (1064 nm, 10 ns) laser is used as an irradiation source. To observe the spatial confinement effects, an Al blocker at different distances of 4, 6, and 8 mm from the target is placed along the plume path. All the measurements are performed under the Ar environment at different pressures. It is observed that with increasing laser irradiance plasma parameters such as excitation temperature (Te) and electron number density (ne) increase, whereas it is vice versa true for increasing blocker distances. Without the blocker, the maximum values of Te and ne are about 7000 K and 1.4 × 1018 cm−3, respectively, at an Ar pressure of 50 Torr. A significant increase in emission intensity along with Te ≈ 9810 K and ne ≈ 2.2 × 1018 cm−3 is achieved in the presence of blocker. The results show that spatial confinement is responsible for the enhancement of Te and ne, which is attributed to the increased collisional frequency of plasma species after compression by shockwaves. The ablation pressure and shock pressure are also analytically evaluated and vary from 0.15 to 0.25 GPa and from 0.1 to 0.2 GPa, respectively, with increasing laser irradiance. With increasing blocker distances from 4 to 8 mm, the work done by reflected shockwaves to compress the plume varies from 0.02 to 0.002 mJ.

This study aims to determine the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of STEAM–PjBL-based LKPD products. The research method used is research and development (R&D) with the ADDIE development model. The developed LKPD was tested on 24 class XI IPA 2 MAN 1 Banjarmasin students. The results showed that the LKPD developed was included in the very valid category in the aspects of content, presentation, language, and design assessment, with an average score of 95.5%. The LKPD that was developed also fulfilled practicality aspects with very practical categories on individual readability tests, small group readability tests, student response questionnaires, and teacher responses, as well as observation sheets on teacher abilities in managing classes. LKPD has also fulfilled the aspect of effectiveness, as seen from the results of the average N-gain percentage of 76%. So that students' creative thinking skills are included in the high category. The results of this study indicate that the product developed, namely the STEAM-PjBL-based LKPD, has met the aspects of validity, practicality, and effectiveness.

Abstract This work dives into the Conformable Stochastic Kraenkel-Manna-Merle System (CSKMMS), an important mathematical model for exploring phenomena in ferromagnetic materials. A wide spectrum of stochastic soliton solutions that include hyperbolic, trigonometric and rational functions, is generated using a modified version of Extended Direct Algebraic Method (EDAM) namely r+mEDAM. These stochastic soliton solutions have practical relevance for describing magnetic field behaviour in zero-conductivity ferromagnets. By using Maple to generate 2D and 3D graphical representations, the study analyses how stochastic terms and noise impact these soliton solutions. Finally, this study adds to our knowledge of magnetic field behaviour in ferromagnetic materials by shedding light on the effect of noise on soliton processes inside the CSKMMS.

The main features of scientific effort in physics and engineering are the development of models for various physical issues and the development of solutions. In this paper, we investigate the numerical solution of time-fractional non-linear dispersive K(m, n, 1) type equations using two innovative approaches: the homotopy perturbation transform method and Yang transform decomposition method. Our suggested approaches elegantly combine Yang transform, homotopy perturbation method (HPM) and adomian decomposition method (ADM). With the help of the Yang transform, we first convert the problem into its differential partner before using HPM to get the He's polynomials and ADM to get the Adomian polynomials, both of which are extremely effective supports for non-linear issues. In this case, Caputo sense is used for defining the fractional derivative. The derived solutions are shown in series form and converge quickly. To ensure the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed approaches, the examined problems were analyzed using various fractional orders. We analyze and demonstrate the validity and applicability of the solution approaches under consideration with given initial conditions. Two and three dimensional graphs reflect the outcomes that were attained. To verify the effectiveness of the strategies, numerical simulations are presented. The numerical outcomes demonstrate that only a small number of terms are required to arrive at an approximation that is exact, efficient, and trustworthy. The results of this study demonstrate that the studied methods are effective and strong in solving nonlinear differential equations that appear in science and technology.

The concept of Fermatean fuzzy set offers a more comprehensive perspective on Pythagorean fuzzy sets, with greater potential for practical applications due to its broader scope compared to Pythagorean fuzzy sets. In contrast, distance measures serve as effective information measures in decision-making using deep learning methods. This research paper introduces a novel distance measure within the Fermatean fuzzy framework. This new distance measure exhibit enhanced performance indices compared to existing distance measures discussed in previous literature. The newly proposed distance operators based on Fermatean fuzzy sets offer a fresh approach by considering all three membership functions of Fermatean fuzzy sets, which differs from existing practices. This distance operator also incorporate all membership functions to prevent errors caused by exclusions, which have been observed in other distance operators. Several theorems are provided to validate the alignment of this new Fermatean fuzzy distance technique with properties expected of distance operators. The comparative analysis of the newly introduced Fermatean fuzzy distance measure with similar existing distance techniques is conducted through numerical comparison and also in relation to their applications, aiming to highlight the superiority of the proposed Pythagorean fuzzy distance techniques over the existing ones. The application of the proposed Fermatean fuzzy distance measure is demonstrated in scenarios involving pattern classification and bidirectional approximate reasoning.

This paper presents a novel approach for exploring the dynamics of fractional Kersten-Krasil'shchik coupled KdV-mKdV systems by using the unification of the Adomian decomposition method and ZZ transformation. The suggested method combines the Aboodh transform and the Adomian decomposition method, both of which are trustworthy and efficient mathematical tools for solving fractional differential equations (FDEs). This method's theoretical analysis is addressed for nonlinear FDE systems. To find exact solutions to the equations, the method is applied to fractional Kersten-Krasil'shchik linked KdV-mKdV systems. The results show that the suggested method is efficient and practical for solving fractional Kersten-Krasil'shchik linked KdV-mKdV systems and that it may be applied to other nonlinear FDEs. The suggested method has the potential to provide new insights into the behavior of nonlinear waves in fluid and plasma environments, as well as the development of new mathematical tools for modeling and studying complicated wave phenomena.

This opinion paper explores the burgeoning influence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) within the event management industry. AI has emerged as a powerful tool, offering innovative solutions for event planning, execution, and attendee engagement. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of AI's role in event management, discussing its applications, benefits, and potential drawbacks based on contemporary researches and publications. By analysing six (6) current trends and four (4) critical reception of AI in the event industry, we aim to shed light on its transformative potential and its implications for the future of event management. At the end of the paper, the researchers provide recommendations on how to navigate the obstacles in implementing AI technology in event management. This paper is critical in its role to ignite discussions regarding AI implementation in event industry as there are currently very few academic writings on this topic.

This development research aims to provide innovations to learning media in Biology learning. The model used in developing this media adopts the Borg & Gall development theory which is cut into 9 steps with a population of students in class XI MIPA. The instruments used are expert validation questionnaires, student response questionnaires, and critical thinking essay questions. The results of research in developing android-based virtual practicum media can improve critical thinking skills, become a simulation forum before carrying out activities in the laboratory (pre-lab), and become a solution to the shortage of laboratory facilities. The results of the validation of media experts get an average percentage of 91.66% with very decent criteria, material experts an average of 81.25% with very decent criteria, linguists produce 91.40% with very feasible criteria, and responses the percentage of students is 70.58% with proper criteria. The effectiveness of the media can be seen from the results of the hypothesis which gets Tcount 3.71 > Ttable 2.00, and also the N-Gain value of the experimental class which is greater than the control class, namely the experimental class gets a value of 0.63 while the control class is 0.25.

This study aims to determine the effect of blended learning assisted by Google Classroom and WhatsApp on students' cognitive abilities in solid substance physics lectures. This research is pre-experimental research with a one-group pretest-posttest design. The research sample was 30 students who were taken with the probability sampling technique. Data collection was done using tests and non-tests. The data analysis technique used was descriptive statistics. The analysis showed that students' cognitive abilities reached good criteria, with an average pretest score of 40.13. In contrast, students' cognitive skills on the posttest amounted to 71.17, with an average n-gain of 0.52. The results of student responses to the implementation of blended learning assisted by Google Classroom and WhatsApp, most students gave a positive response; this can be seen from the acquisition of an average percentage value of 73.30%.

Abstract Host (base) fluids are unable to deliver efficient heating and cooling processes in industrial applications due to their limited heat transfer rates. Nanofluids, owing to their distinctive and adaptable thermo-physical characteristics, find a widespread range of practical applications in various disciplines of nanotechnology and heat transfer equipment. The novel effect of this study is to determine the effects of mixed convection, and activation energy on 3D Sutterby nanofluid across a bi-directional extended surface under the impact of thermophoresis diffusion and convective heat dissipation. The flow equations are simplified in terms of partial differential equations (PDEs) and altered to non-dimensional ODEs by implementing classical scaling invariants. Numerical results have been obtained via the bvp4c approach. The physical insights of crucial and relevant parameters on flow and energy profiles are analysed through plotted visuals. Some factors have multiple solutions due to shrinking sheets. So stability analysis has been adapted to analyses stable solutions. Graphical representations demonstrate the reliability and accuracy of the numerical algorithm across a variety of pertinent parameters and conditions. A comparison between existing results and previously published data shows a high degree of compatibility between the two datasets. The present study extensively explored a multitude of practical applications across a diverse spectrum of fields, including but not limited to gas turbine technology, power generation, glass manufacturing, polymer production, wire coating, chemical production, heat exchangers, geothermal engineering, and food processing.

We study the invariance properties of the fractional time version of the nonlinear class of equations $ u_{t}^{\alpha}-g(u)\; u_{x}-f(u)\; u_{xxx} = 0 $, where $ 0 < \alpha < 1 $ using some recently developed symmetry-based techniques. The equations reduce to ordinary fractional Airy type, Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) and modified KdV equations through the change of variables provided by the symmetries. Furthermore, we utilize the symmetries to construct conservation laws for the fractional partial differential equations.

Deep cavity configurations are common in various industrial applications, including automotive windows, sunroofs, and many other applications in aerospace engineering. Flows over such a geometry can result in aeroacoustic coupling between the cavity shear layer oscillations and the surrounding acoustic modes. This phenomenon can result in a resonance that can lead to significant noise and may cause damage to mechanical structures. Flow control methods are usually used to reduce or eliminate the aeroacoustic resonance. An experimental set up was developed to study the effectiveness of both a cylinder and a profiled cylinder positioned upstream from the cavity in reducing the flow resonance. The cavity flow and the acoustic signals were obtained using particle image velocimetry (PIV) and unsteady pressure sensors, respectively. A decrease of up to 36 dB was obtained in the sound pressure levels (SPL) using the passive control methods. The profiled cylinder showed a similar efficacy in reducing the resonance despite the absence of a high-frequency forcing. Time-space cross-correlation maps along the cavity shear layer showed the suppression of the feedback mechanism for both control methods. A snapshot proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) showed interesting differences between the cylinder and profiled cylinder control methods in terms of kinetic energy content and the vortex dynamics behavior. Furthermore, the interaction of the wake of the control device with the cavity shear layer and its impact on the aeroacoustic coupling was investigated using the POD analysis.

Proper wastewater disposal is crucial in various manufacturing and ecological systems. This study aims to prevent and regulate pollution in the water supply. It examines how the pollutant discharge concentration affects the flow of non-Newtonian nanofluids (NNNFs) over a porous Riga surface. Two different types of NNNFs, namely, Walter’s B and second-grade fluids, have been examined. The fluid flow is conveyed in the form of a system of partial differential equations (PDEs), which are first reduced to a non-dimensional set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and then to first-order differential equations. The numerical approach parametric continuation method is employed to solve these ODEs. It has been noticed that the energy curve declines with increasing numbers of TiO2-nanoparticles (NPs). The effect of the external pollutant source variation factor enriches the concentration of pollutants in both fluid cases. Furthermore, the viscoelastic parameter K1 plays a notable role in determining the behavior of the fluids. Particularly in NNNFs, the variation of K1 enhances the fluid flow, whereas the rise of second-grade fluid factor decreases the velocity of the fluid. Our findings indicate a substantial impact of the parameters under consideration on the concentration of pollutant discharge. Significantly, it was observed that an increase in the amount of NPs and the thermal radiation parameter led to an improvement in the thermal conductivity of the nanofluid, consequently decreasing the concentration of pollutants in the discharge. The nanofluid has greater efficiency in boosting the energy transfer rate of the base fluid. In the case of the second-grade fluid, the energy propagation rate increases up to 6.25%, whereas, in the case of Walter’s fluid B, it increases up to 7.85%.

Background This study investigated morphological, cardiovascular and neuromuscular profiles among asymptomatic sedentary men performing the Islamic prayer (Salaah). This study emphasised the need for an inquiry into unique sedentary populations who perform Islamic prayer as physical activity.Methods An experimental study was conducted among male participants (n=20). Resting heart rate (RHR), resting systolic blood pressure (SBP), resting diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI) and percentage body fat (BF%) were measured before a timed Salaah simulation activity. Electromyography (EMG) of the vastus medialis oblique (VMO) was measured for maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) and two movement transitions of the Islamic prayer (Salaah). Bilateral manual muscle strength (MMT) testing was also completed. Inferential and descriptive statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (IBM, V.27.0). Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to determine statistically significant relationships between variables. The level of significance was set at p

The formulation of models and solutions for various physical problems are the primary goals of scientific achievements in engineering and physics. Our paper focuses on using the Caputo fractional derivative operator to solve nonlinear fractional logistic differential equations. In order to solve general nonlinear fractional differential equations, we first introduce a novel numerical methodology termed the Homotopy perturbation transform method. The perturbation approach and the Yang transform method are combined to create the suggested strategy. Second, we introduce a new hybrid method that uses the time-fractional Caputo derivative to approximate and analytically solve nonlinear fractional logistic differential equations. This method combines the Yang transform with the decomposition method. To validate the analysis, we offer three numerical cases of nonlinear fractional logistic differential equations employing the Caputo fractional derivative operator. The resulting solutions exhibit rapid convergence and are presented in series form. In order to verify the efficacy and relevance of the suggested methodologies, the investigated issues were assessed through the implementation of different fractional orders. We examine and show that, under the specified initial conditions, the solution approaches under evaluation are accurate and effective. Graphs in two and three dimensions show the results that were obtained. Numerical simulations are presented to confirm the efficacy of the strategies. The numerical results show that an accurate, reliable, and efficient approximation can be obtained with a minimal number of terms. The results obtained demonstrate that the new analytical solution method is easy to apply and very successful in solving difficult fractional problems that occur in relevant engineering and scientific domains.

This research explores the solution of the time-fractional Newell–Whitehead–Segel equation using two separate methods: the optimal auxiliary function method and a new iterative method. The Newell–Whitehead–Segel equation holds significance in modeling nonlinear systems, particularly in delineating stripe patterns within two-dimensional systems. Employing the Caputo fractional derivative operator, we address two case study problems pertaining to this equation through our proposed methods. Comparative analysis between the numerical results obtained from our techniques and an exact solution reveals a strong alignment. Graphs and tables illustrate this alignment, showcasing the effectiveness of our methods. Notably, as the fractional orders vary, the results achieved at different fractional orders are compared, highlighting their convergence toward the exact solution as the fractional order approaches an integer. Demonstrating both interest and simplicity, our proposed methods exhibit high accuracy in resolving diverse nonlinear fractional order partial differential equations.

Numerous complex situations arising from science and engineering are modeled by integral-differential equations (IDEs). Examples of these situations include mathematical modeling of infectious diseases, epidemics, circuit analysis, voltage drop equations, computational neuroscience, intergalactic modeling, and many more. To explain the mathematical structure and the behavior of various phenomena in nature, two equations with simple mathematical structure namely: the (1 + 1)-dimensional integro-differential Ito equation (IDIE) and the (2 + 1)-dimensional integro-differential Sawada-Kotera equation (IDSKE) are considered. In this analytical investigation, we have conducted an in-depth enquiry to trace the distinctive closed form progressive wave solutions of these proposed models using the (G′G′+G+A)-expansion method. The graphical forms of the acquired solutions have been displayed in the bell-shaped soliton, singular periodic, and anti-kink shape soliton solutions after the values for the free parameters were specified. The two non-algebraic solutions, named, exponential and trigonometric function solutions, have emerged by applying our proposed method. Based on the general findings of our investigation for different parametric values, the attained wave solutions revealed can keep a vital role for natural balances and can be engaged in modern physical applications. The parameters have a visible effect on the wave amplitude and the swiftness of the traveling wave. The executed outcomes are innovative and have monumental applications in the present research, especially in the fields of theoretical physics, astrophysics, plasma physics, particle physics, theory of relativity, advance quantum mechanics, string theory, and geotechnical engineering.

Vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor is effective in reducing HbA1c levels in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) when administered as monotherapy, dual or triple combination therapy. In India, Vildagliptin is commonly prescribed in T2DM patients because it reduces mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE), has lower risk of hypoglycemia and is weight neutral. Early combination therapy with vildagliptin and metformin is effective and well-tolerated in patients with T2DM, regardless of age or ethnicity. In view of already existing data on vildagliptin and the latest emerging clinical evidence, a group of endocrinologists, diabetologists and cardiologists convened for an expert group meeting to discuss the role and various combinations of vildagliptin in T2DM management. This practical document aims to guide Physicians and Specialists regarding the different available strengths and formulations of vildagliptin for the initiation and intensification of T2DM therapy.

In this study, we employ the effective iterative method to address the fractional Wu-Zhang Equation within the framework of the Caputo Derivative. The effective iterative method offers a practical approach to obtaining approximate solutions for fractional differential equations. We seek to provide insights into its solution and behavior by applying this method to the Wu-Zhang Equation. Through numerical analysis and the presentation of relevant tables and Figures, we demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of this method in solving the fractional Wu-Zhang Equation. This research contributes to the understanding and solution of fractional-order differential equations and their applications in various scientific and engineering domains.

Abstract Nanomaterials have found wide applications in many fields, leading to significant interest in the scientific world, in particular automobile thermal control, heat reservoirs, freezers, hybrid control machines, paper creation, cooling organisms, etc. The aim of the present study is to investigate the MHD non-Newtonian nanofluid and time-based stability analysis to verify the stable branch by computing the smallest eigenvalue across a slendering, extending, or shrinking sheet with thermal radiation and chemical reactions. The basic flow equations have been obtained in terms of PDEs, which are then converted to ODEs in dimensionless form via a suitable transformation. Based on the MATLAB software package bvp4c, the numerical solution has been obtained for the system of equations. A comparative study of the present and published work is impressive. The influence of evolving factors such as Prandtl number, Schmidt number, magnetic factor, heat generation/absorption, thermal, thermophoresis factor, chemical factor, second-grade fluid factor, and Brownian number on the velocities, energy, and concentration patterns is discussed through graphs. It is perceived that the temperature distribution enriches owing to the greater magnitude of the heat source. Furthermore, it is observed that a greater magnitude of radiation improves the temperature curves. It is also investigated from the present analysis that concentration and temperature profiles increase due to the growing values of the thermophoresis factor.

In this paper, a Two-Level, Three-Phase, Reduced-Switch (2L3PRS) Voltage Source Converter (VSC) based Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator (DSTATCOM) integrated with a grid-tied solar photo-voltaic (PV) array has been discussed, and its performance investigation has been carried out. A versatile control strategy is proposed, which gives the system maximum power point tracking capability with a stepped perturbation and observation (P&O) algorithm and the grid current is maintained at unity power factor. The layout, in addition to the control technique, helps in supplying active power to the power grid and feeding active and reactive power demand of the 3-phase reactive unbalanced load. Modified Synchronous Reference Frame (MSRF) theory-based current control methodology is implemented to sustain DC-link voltage and to maintain the voltage balancing across split capacitors under all loading conditions. This modified algorithm generates switching pulses for three-phase VSI with only four IGBT switches for fulfilling the desired objectives like maintaining a constant DC link voltage, balancing split-capacitor voltages, balancing the power-sharing between the power grid and the solar-PV energy system, balancing the grid currents and voltages in case of unbalanced loading conditions and maintaining unity power factor operation of the grid by making the D-STATCOM compensate for load reactive power. The proposed system is replicated in MATLAB/Simulink using SimPowerSystems software-based environment. The experimental outcomes have been obtained with a digital real-time simulator to vindicate the simulation results. The experimental, as well as simulation results of the proposed real-time-based model, are demonstrated for three unbalanced single-phase inductive linear loads and with a load on one Phase kept open in the Power Factor Correction (PFC)mode of operation of D-STATCOM.

Abstract The role of symmetries and first integrals are well known mechanisms for the reduction of ordinary differential equations (odes) and, used in conjunction, lead to double reductions of the odes. In this article, we attempt to construct the first integrals of a large class of the well known second-order Painlevé equations. In some cases, variational and/or gauge symmetries have additional applications following a known Lagrangian in which case the first integral is obtained by Noether’s theorem. Sometimes, it is more convenient to adopt the ‘multiplier’ approach to find the first integrals. In a number of cases, we can conclude that the class is linearizable.

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a spontaneous intimal tear of the coronary artery wall. A factor rarely associated with SCAD is autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Using the PRISMA guidelines, we identified 10 unique cases of SCAD in ADPKD patients reported between 1998 and 2021. Ages ranged from 36 to 59 years, with an average of 44.6 years. The majority of patients were female (80%). Each case was diagnosed with a cardiovascular event: ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in 40%, non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) in 50%, and stable angina in 10%. Conservative management was used in 60% of cases. There is a significant gap in our understanding of the relationship between SCAD and ADPKD. Polycystin complex can lead to structural abnormalities in blood vessels, resulting in vascular leaks and vessel rupture. This suggests that ADPKD patients may have an elevated risk of arteriopathies, including coronary artery dissection.

Patients diagnosed with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) continue to face a dire prognosis. Developing accurate and efficient contouring methods is crucial, as they can significantly advance both clinical practice and research. This study evaluates the AI models developed by MRIMath© for GBM T1c and fluid attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR) images by comparing their contours to those of three neuro-radiologists using a smart manual contouring platform. The mean overall Sørensen–Dice Similarity Coefficient metric score (DSC) for the post-contrast T1 (T1c) AI was 95%, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 93% to 96%, closely aligning with the radiologists’ scores. For true positive T1c images, AI segmentation achieved a mean DSC of 81% compared to radiologists’ ranging from 80% to 86%. Sensitivity and specificity for T1c AI were 91.6% and 97.5%, respectively. The FLAIR AI exhibited a mean DSC of 90% with a 95% CI interval of 87% to 92%, comparable to the radiologists’ scores. It also achieved a mean DSC of 78% for true positive FLAIR slices versus radiologists’ scores of 75% to 83% and recorded a median sensitivity and specificity of 92.1% and 96.1%, respectively. The T1C and FLAIR AI models produced mean Hausdorff distances (