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Objective To identify the associations of in-hospital cardiovascular events and mortality with pre-existing comorbidities and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among COVID-19 patients in Bangladesh without vaccine availability.Design A secondary analysis of a prospective multicountry study.Setting Three COVID-19-designated hospitals in Bangladesh.Participants Adult patients aged ≥18 years with PCR-positive COVID-19 admitted between 10 October 2020 and 31 July 2021 at participating hospitals.Outcome measures In-hospital cardiovascular events and mortality.Main exposures Pre-existing comorbidities and cardiovascular risk factors.Results In 897 COVID-19 patients, 18.7% developed cardiovascular events and 12.6% died. After adjusting for clinical information and treatment, patients with two comorbidities (excluding CVD risk factors) were significantly associated with cardiovascular events (adjusted (adj.) OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.24 to 4.90). Patients with a higher heart rate at admission (adj. OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.04) and those who were receiving intravenous fluids (adj. OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.23 to 3.70) or antibiotics (adj. OR 4.54, 95% CI 1.47 to 14.01) had significantly higher odds of cardiovascular events. The odds of cardiovascular events were lower in those receiving antiviral medications (adj. OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.53). There were no interactions between comorbidities and other covariates in the models. Comorbidities and cardiovascular risk factors were not significantly associated with 30-day mortality in the Cox regression models after adjusting with clinical information and treatment. The mortality within 30 days of admission was significantly higher in patients receiving corticosteroids (adj. HR 2.82, 95% CI 1.48 to 5.38) and lower in those receiving antiviral treatment (adj. HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.81). Those having cardiovascular events significantly increased mortality hazard.Conclusions Clinical factors and treatment affected in-hospital cardiovascular events, which subsequently increased the risk of mortality within 30 days for COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 patients regardless of CVD risk factors and comorbidities require close monitoring for cardiovascular events.

The swift proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has presented considerable challenges in maintaining cybersecurity. As IoT ecosystems expand, they increasingly attract malware attacks, necessitating advanced detection and forensic analysis methods. This systematic review explores the application of deep learning techniques for malware detection and forensic analysis within IoT environments. The literature is organized into four distinct categories: IoT Security, Malware Forensics, Deep Learning, and Anti-Forensics. Each group was analyzed individually to identify common methodologies, techniques, and outcomes. Conducted a combined analysis to synthesize the findings across these categories, highlighting overarching trends and insights.This systematic review identifies several research gaps, including the need for comprehensive IoT-specific datasets, the integration of interdisciplinary methods, scalable real-time detection solutions, and advanced countermeasures against anti-forensic techniques. The primary issue addressed is the complexity of IoT malware and the limitations of current forensic methodologies. Through a robust methodological framework, this review synthesizes findings across these categories, highlighting common methodologies and outcomes. Identifying critical areas for future investigation, this review contributes to the advancement of cybersecurity in IoT environments, offering a comprehensive framework to guide future research and practice in developing more robust and effective security solutions.

Building the resilience of Islamic boarding schools and students is very necessary because it cannot be denied that the development of science and globalization and the increasing complexity of new problems that exist in today's life will be a challenge for Islamic boarding schools to continue to survive in today's era. The focus of this research namely regarding the role of the Syaichona Moh. Cholil Islamic Boarding School in maintaining resilience amidst a consumer culture. This research is qualitative. The data in this research comes from primary data and secondary data using observation, interview, and documentation techniques in collecting the data which is then analyzed using interactive analysis. The results of this research show the role of the Syaichona Moh. Cholil Islamic Boarding School in building the resilience of students amid consumer culture includes improving the character education of students by treating consumption as the enemy and providing an example with a simple lifestyle, apart from that, Islamic boarding schools also implement rules of conduct so that students avoid wasteful behavior by implementing pocket money control, prohibitions. leaving the Islamic boarding school, prohibiting shopping in shops other than those belonging to the Islamic boarding school, and keeping students away from various advertisements and technology.

Islamic boarding schools have a great potential in developing the surrounding community's economy if they have an optimal synergize with supporting entities. This study reviews the economic development at Baitul Arqom Islamic boarding school based on the triple helix concept by Henry Etzkowitz and Loet Leydesdorff, which is an analytical model that explains the relationship between universities, industry/business, and government in economic development. This research aims to reveal the helix model and its implementation in building economic growth at Baitul Arqom Islamic Boarding School in Balung Jember. This research uses a qualitative descriptive research type and design with a case study research approach or strategy or CSR (Case Study Research). The informants (subjects) were selected using the purposive method. The informants for this research were Kiai, Islamic Boarding management, and the local community. The research results reveal that in terms of the triple helix, Baitul Arqom Islamic Boarding School can increase its innovation and economic development through synergy between universities, Islamic boarding schools/businesses, and the government in developing and maximizing its economic potential. Universities, industry, and government have worked well in developing curricula relevant to industry needs so that economic innovation in Baitul Arqom Islamic boarding school can be developed.

Organic amendments and botanical extracts are considered as some of the eco-friendly alternatives to chemical pesticide in suppressing plant pathogenic nematodes (PPN). Root-knot nematode (RKN) is the most important group of PPN distributed globally causing both qualitative and quantitative damage to many crops. Vermicompost and biogas digestate (BD) are two forms of organic amendments reported to have potential to limit RKN infestation. Likewise, marigold (Tagates spp.) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea) are two widely studied botanicals having shown their potential to control RKN. However, there was not much in vitro research related to organic amendments and botanicals targeting a particular species of RKN to observe their nematicidal effect. An in vitro experiment was undertaken to evaluate the effect of these organic amendments and botanical extracts at different concentrations (10.0%, 25.0%, 50.0% and 100.0%) on the hatching and mortality of Meloidogyne javanica at different time spans. Mortality of J2 and inhibition of hatching of egg mass of M. javanica differed significantly (p

Background: Habbe Gule Aakh is extensively used in Unani medicine for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity. Objective: To evaluate anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Habbe Gule Aakh on Wistar rats and Swiss mice of either sex. Materials and methods: The study was carried out in Wistar rats for anti-inflammatory activity while Swiss mice were used for analgesic activity. In both the tests animals were divided into five groups of six animals each which served as control, standard and test groups A, B and C. For anti-inflammatory activity, method reported by Amman was followed. For analgesic activity, Koster's protocol was adapted. Results: Significant (P

Background: Presently, Diabetes mellitus (DM) is categorized as an epidemic disease due to its high prevalence of mortality rate and morbidity, and is also considered as the main threat to the global population. Synthetic drugs used alone for the treatment of DM cause serious adverse effects and insufficiently minimize diabetic complications. Meanwhile, the use of herbal drugs as standalone or along with synthetic drugs is quite common. Hence, the present study was carried out to evaluate the antidiabetic effects of Safūf-i-Dhayābītus as standalone and along with glibenclamide in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: In this study, a total of 30 albino Wistar rats of 150–200 g b. w. were randomly divided into 5 groups of 6 animals each. Diabetes was induced in all groups except in group I by administering a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) at 55 mg/ kg b. w. Group I served as plain control while group II as disease control. Group III was treated with glibenclamide at 0.6 mg/ kg. b. w. and served as standard control while group IV received Safūf-i-Dhayābītus at 500 mg/ kg b. w. and served as test group A. Group V administered Safūf-i-Dhayābītus at 500 mg/ kg b. w. along with glibenclamide at 0.6 mg/ kg b. w. for 21 days. The FBS of rats above 250 mg/ dl was considered as diabetic, tested after induction of DM. The biochemical parameters such as FBS, ALP, TBR, SGOT, SGPT, blood urea and serum creatinine, total cholesterol and triglyceride; and histopathological examination of the liver and kidney specimens were carried out at the end of the study. Results: The FBG, ALP, SGPT levels in test group B were reduced significantly as compared to that of standard control, and test group A. The SGOT, TBR and b. urea levels in test groups A & B were significantly reduced as compared to that of standard control. The s. creatinine level in test groups A & B, and standard control was significantly reduced as compared to that of disease control. The total cholesterol level in test groups A & B was promisingly decreased as compared to the standard control. Histopathological studies of the liver and kidney specimens of the rats belonging to test groups A & B reduced hepato-nephrotoxicities in diabetic rats. Conclusions: The present study revealed that Safūf-i-Dhayābītus as standalone and in combination with glibenclamide possesses significant hypoglycaemic, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective and hypocholesterolemic effects in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

This study tries to trace and find out the interpretation model of the tafsir Alahkam written by Abil Fadhol Alsenory, as an earlier tafsir of the pesantren in Indonesia. Based on the historical approach, philology, and analysis of critical discourse, by describing the socio-political context, as well as the author's response to the socio-religious conditions at the time, the results indicate that there are one primer script and two manuscript copies of his students. The primer script was written directly by Abil Fadhol, while the manuscript was a copy of the students' writing from Abil Fadhol's explanation during his teaching moment. All of the three texts show that there are two social conditions as its background, namely 'restriction' policy of the New Order regime with NU, and the debate over religious polemic between traditionalists (NU) and modernists in Indonesia in the second half of the 20th century. From this, it was revealed that Abil Fadhol's interpretation model was very critical but contextual and applicable to its surrounding social conditions.

The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between electricity consumption, energy use and GDP in Bangladesh, using annual data covering the period from 1980 to 2014. The bounds testing (ARDL) approach reveal that electricity consumptions have significant and positive long run impact on GDP and vice versa. The results of the estimated ARDL-ECM models indicate that long-run causality is directing from electricity consumptions and energy use to GDP, and GDP and energy use to electricity consumptions. Thus, in the long run, we find evidence of the feedback hypothesis suggesting the interdependent relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth in which causation runs in both directions and serve as complements. Finally, this study also explores that the relationship among the variables is insignificant in the short-run. Thus, the empirical results of this study might provide a better enthusiastic to the policymakers of Bangladesh to execute the Power System Master Plan (PSMP) 2016 to become a high-income country by 2041.

Objective: Kushta (calx) is a well-known dosage form of Unani medicine but has always been condemned by scientific fraternity and even some traditionalists because of certain issues associated with Kushta such as safety, lack of scientific data, adverse effects, and complicated method of preparation. Very few studies are carried out on Kushta in Unani medicine and no study has explored its mechanism of action on scientific basis that may be acceptable widely. Methodology: In this study, the review was done regarding the concept of Kushta in Unani medicine, and studies carried out so far along with a possible explanation of the effectiveness, classical method of preparation, superiority of Kushta over other dosage forms, challenges with use of Kushta, idea of use of herbs in making Kushta, and other issues. Literature on Kushta was collected from classical Unani books and papers published in various journals and analyzed. We found that very few scientific studies have been carried out on Kushta in Unani medicine and that too on certain set topics. Most studies are on physicochemical standardization of Kushta. Conclusion: Study revealed that the research carried out so far is not satisfactory. They are also of preliminary nature. Advance toxicological and pharmacological studies are required to generate strong evidences for wide acceptability, safety, and efficacy of Kushta.

The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between electricity consumption, energy use and GDP in Bangladesh, using annual data covering the period from 1980 to 2014. The bounds testing (ARDL) approach reveal that electricity consumptions have significant and positive long run impact on GDP and vice versa. The results of the estimated ARDL-ECM models indicate that long-run causality is directing from electricity consumptions and energy use to GDP, and GDP and energy use to electricity consumptions. Thus, in the long run, we find evidence of the feedback hypothesis suggesting the interdependent relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth in which causation runs in both directions and serve as complements. Finally, this study also explores that the relationship among the variables is insignificant in the short-run. Thus, the empirical results of this study might provide a better enthusiastic to the policymakers of Bangladesh to execute the Power System Master Plan (PSMP) 2016 to become a high-income country by 2041.

Abstract Background In Bangladesh, each emergency physician faces amitriptyline overdose nearly a day. An acute cardiovascular complication, one of the worst complications is mainly responsible for the mortality in tricyclic overdose. Recently, we managed ventricular tachycardia in a young female presented with an impaired consciousness 10 h after intentionally ingesting 2500 mg amitriptyline. Here, we report it, discuss how the electrocardiography is vital to acknowledge and predict it and its’ complications and also the recent update of the management of it. Case presentation A young married Bangladeshi-Bengali girl, 25-year-old, having a history of disharmony with her husband, came with an impaired consciousness after intentionally ingesting 2500 mg amitriptyline about 10 h before arrival. There was blood pressure 140/80 mmHg, heart rate 140 beats-per-min, temperature 103 °F, Glasgow coma scale 10/15, wide complex tachycardia with QRS duration of 178 ms in electrocardiography, blood pH 7.36. Initially, treated with 100 ml 8.4% sodium bicarbonate. After that, QRS duration came to 100 ms in electrocardiography within 10 min of infusion. To maintain the pH 7.50–7.55 over the next 24 h, the infusion of 8.4% sodium bicarbonate consisting of 125 ml dissolved in 375 ml normal saline was started and titrated according to the arterial blood gas analysis. Hence, a total dose of 600 mmol sodium bicarbonate was given over next 24 h. In addition to this, gave a 500 ml intravenous lipid emulsion over 2 h after 24 h of admission as she did not regain her consciousness completely. Afterward, she became conscious, though, in electrocardiography, ST/T wave abnormality persisted. So that, we tapered sodium bicarbonate infusion slowly and stopped it later. At the time of discharge, she was by heart rate 124/min, QRS duration 90 ms in electrocardiogram along with other normal vital signs. Conclusion Diagnosis of amitriptyline-induced ventricular tachycardia is difficult when there is no history of an overdose obtained. Nevertheless, it should be performed in the clinical background and classic electrocardiographic changes and wise utilization of sodium bicarbonate, intravenous lipid emulsion, and anti-arrhythmic drugs may save a life.

Background: Uric acid is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Hospital admission for ischemic heart disease (IHD) is increasing rapidly in our country. Although studies were conducted abroad regarding association of serum uric acid with in-hospital outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), no data is yet available to show the association in our country. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the association of serum uric acid level on admission with in-hospital outcomes of the patients with ACS. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional comparative study was done in the Department of Cardiology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) from January to December 2012. After proper ethical consideration total 93 ACS patients were enrolled in the study by nonrandom sampling. Serum uric acid of all subjects was measured within 24 hours of admission. Then in-hospital outcomes were observed in all subjects. Results: The frequency of hyperuricemia among ACS patients was 24.7% (22.54% in male and 31.82% in female). Hyperuricemic patients significantly developed heart failure (30.4% vs 11.4%, p=0.032) and conduction defect (13.0% vs 1.4%, p=0.017) than normouricemic subjects. The mean ejection fraction was significantly lower in hyperuricemic patients than patients with normal uric acid level (50.87 ± 10.27% vs 55.94 ± 6.66%). The mean ± SD duration of hospital stay of hyperuricemic group was significantly longer in patients with ACS (8.26 ± 1.18 vs 7.51±1.18 days, p=0.010). Conclusion: The measurement of serum uric acid level, an easily available and inexpensive biochemical tool, might turn out as a valuable risk marker for prediction of in-hospital outcomes in patients with ACS.

Kemunculan ilmu Islam ekonomi modern di panggung internasional, dimulai pada tahun 1970-an yang ditandai dengan kehadiran para pakar ekonomi Islam kontemporer, seperti Muhammad Abdul Mannan, M. Nejatullah Shiddiqy, Kursyid Ahmad, An-Naqvi, M. Umer Chapra, dll. Sejalan dengan itu berdiri Islamic Development Bank pada tahun 1975 dan selanjutnya diikuti pendirian lembaga-lembaga perbankan dan keuangan Islam lainnya di berbagai negara. Pada tahun 1976 para pakar ekonomi Islam dunia berkumpul untuk pertama kalinya dalam sejarah pada International Conference on Islamic Economics and Finance, di Jeddah. Di Indonesia, momentum kemunculan ekonomi Islam dimulai tahun 1990an, yang ditandai berdirinya Bank Muamalat Indoenesia tahun 1992, kendatipun benih-benih pemikiran ekonomi dan keuangan Islam telah muncul jauh sebelum masa tersebut. Sepanjang tahun 1990an perkembangan ekonomi syariah di Indonesia relatif lambat. Tetapi pada tahun 2000an terjadi gelombang perkembangan yang sangat pesat ditinjan dari sisi pertumbuhan asset, omzet dan jaringa kantor lembaga perbankan dan keuangan syariah. Pada saat yang bersamaan juga mulai muncul lembaga pendidikan tinggi yang mengajarkan ekonomi Islam, walaupun pada jumlah yang sangat terbatas, antara lain STIE Syariah di Yogyakarta (1997), D3 Manajemen Bank Syariah di IAIN-SU di Medan (1997), STEI SEBI (1999) , STIE Tazkia (2000), dan PSTTI UI yang membuka konsentrasi Ekonomi dan Keuangan Islam, pada tahun 2001. Para pemimpin ASEAN sepakat melakukan kerja sama dibidang ekonomi, yang disebut ASEAN Economic Community. Yang dimaksud ASEAN Economic Community adalah Kesepakatan bersama untuk mengintegrasikan berbagai negara Asean (Indonesia, Malaysia, Filipina, Singapura, Thailand, Brunai Darussalam, Kamboja, Vietnam, Laos dan Myanmar) yang masing-masing memiliki latar-belakang sosial-budaya, ideologi politik, ekonomi dan kepentingan berbeda ke dalam suatu komunitas yang disebut Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN. Sebagai pasar tunggal kawasan terpadu Asean dengan luas sekitar 4,47 juta km persegi yang didiami oleh lebih dari 600 juta jiwa dari 10 negara anggota ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan efisiensi dan memacu daya saing ekonomi kawasan ASEAN yang diindikasikan melalui terjadinya arus bebas (free flow) : barang, jasa, investasi, tenaga kerja, dan modal. ASEAN Economic Community merupakan tantangan bagi ekonomi Islam dan diwaktu yang sama juga memeberi peluang besar bagi masa depan ekonomi Islam, karena Lembaga keuangan Syariah dan bisnis Syariah akan berkembang di seluruh negara-negara ASEAN.

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection is an extremely rare cause of acute coronary syndrome. Although it predominantly affects young women in the peripartum period, it can also occur in men. The left coronary artery is most frequently involved. The usual presentation is ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. Although several treatment modalities have been proposed, the optimal treatment options still remain to be established. This current case report focuses on a 40- year-old male presented with acute coronary syndrome and subsequently was found to have coronary artery dissection.

Entrepreneur that combines professionalism and spirituality will generate worldly profit and hereafter. The definition of spirituality intelligence is a person who has more ties to the spiritual and psychological aspect rather than the physical or material aspect. While entrepreneur is a talented person in a making new product, determining the new ways of production, collating the operation of new product presence, marketing and managing capital. In achieving business success, the physical and spiritual factor is required. Spiritual factors cover of skill, piety, honesty, trust, good will and others.

Sammulfar (arsenic trioxide) is a notorious poison and has extensively been studied for its toxicity. It is in use for various purposes for centuries and is used even today as a therapeutic agent in the form of kushta (calx) in traditional systems of medicine, particularly Unani medicine, but without apparent safety data. The present study, therefore, was conducted to produce data for prolong use of calx of arsenic trioxide. The calx (test drug) was prepared by the method described in National Formulary of Unani Medicine. The study was carried in healthy Wistar rats of either sex; weighing 150-250 g; 2-3 months of age, in a dose dependent manner, following the methods of Gupta et al. (2002), Ghosh (2008) and Klaassan (2008). The animals were divided into four groups of 10 animals each. Group I served as control, where as group II, III and IV were used for three dose levels of the test drug i.e. low (8.75 mg–1 kg), medium (17.50 mg–1 kg) and higher (26.25 mg–1 kg). Standard parameters usually applied for chronic toxicity studies were considered. The study revealed dose dependent toxicity. Usual signs of chronic toxicity were observed during the study. Low dose of Kushta Sammulfar (KSF) did not produce remarkable toxic effects. Mild to moderate toxicity was seen in KSF-II and KSF-III.

Burkholderia pseudomallei is a Gram-negative bacterium found in soil and the causative agent of a severe disease in humans and animals known as melioidosis. It is intrinsically resistant to many antibiotics and has been reported resistant to the drugs of choice; ceftazidime. Microbial communities in soil in the presence and absence of B. pseudomallei were investigated using metagenomics approach. The variation in bacterial species diversity was significantly higher in soil samples without B. pseudomallei. Abundances of phyla Actinobacteria and Firmicutes were found significantly higher in B. pseudomallei-negative soils. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens KKU1 in phylum Firmicutes was discovered from negative soil and its secondary metabolites could inhibit clinical, environmental and drug resistant isolates of B. pseudomallei, together with some pathogenic Gram-negative but not Gram-positive bacteria. The antimicrobial activity from KKU 1 against B. pseudomallei was abolished when treated with proteinase K, stable in a wide range of pH and remained active after heating at 100 °C for 15 min. Precipitated proteins from KKU1 were demonstrated to cause lysis and corrugated surfaces of B. pseudomallei. The minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentrations of the precipitated proteins from KKU1 against B. pseudomallei were 0.97 μg/ml and 3.9 μg/ml. Interestingly, Native SDS-PAGE showed small active compounds of less than 6 kDa, along with other information collectively suggesting the properties of antimicrobial peptides. For the first time, culture-independent information in melioidosis endemic area could lead to a suspected source of metabolites that may help defense against B. pseudomallei and other pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria.

Treatment with combined immune checkpoint blockade (CICB) targeting CTLA-4 and PD-1 is associated with clinical benefit across tumor types, but also a high rate of immune-related adverse events. Insights into biomarkers and mechanisms of response and toxicity to CICB are needed. To address this, we profiled the blood, tumor and gut microbiome of 77 patients with advanced melanoma treated with CICB, with a high rate of any [greater than or equal to]grade 3 immune-related adverse events (49%) with parallel studies in pre-clinical models. Tumor-associated immune and genomic biomarkers of response to CICB were similar to those identified for ICB monotherapy, and toxicity from CICB was associated with a more diverse peripheral T-cell repertoire. Profiling of gut microbiota demonstrated a significantly higher abundance of Bacteroides intestinalis in patients with toxicity, with upregulation of mucosal IL-1[beta] in patient samples of colitis and in pre-clinical models. Together, these data offer potential new therapeutic angles for targeting toxicity to CICB. Clinical benefit or intestinal toxicity resulting from combined immune checkpoint blockade in patients with melanoma associates with prevalent commensal bacteria and can be decoupled by IL-1R inhibition., Author(s): Miles C. Andrews [sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.3] , Connie P. M. Duong [sup.4] [sup.5] [sup.6] , Vancheswaran Gopalakrishnan [sup.1] , Valerio Iebba [sup.4] [sup.5] , Wei-Shen Chen [sup.7] [sup.8] , [...]

Ipilimumab improves clinical outcomes when combined with nivolumab in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but its efficacy and impact on the immune microenvironment in operable NSCLC remain unclear. We report the results of the phase 2 randomized NEOSTAR trial (NCT03158129) of neoadjuvant nivolumab or nivolumab + ipilimumab followed by surgery in 44 patients with operable NSCLC, using major pathologic response (MPR) as the primary endpoint. The MPR rate for each treatment arm was tested against historical controls of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The nivolumab + ipilimumab arm met the prespecified primary endpoint threshold of 6 MPRs in 21 patients, achieving a 38% MPR rate (8/21). We observed a 22% MPR rate (5/23) in the nivolumab arm. In 37 patients resected on trial, nivolumab and nivolumab + ipilimumab produced MPR rates of 24% (5/21) and 50% (8/16), respectively. Compared with nivolumab, nivolumab + ipilimumab resulted in higher pathologic complete response rates (10% versus 38%), less viable tumor (median 50% versus 9%), and greater frequencies of effector, tissue-resident memory and effector memory T cells. Increased abundance of gut Ruminococcus and Akkermansia spp. was associated with MPR to dual therapy. Our data indicate that neoadjuvant nivolumab + ipilimumab-based therapy enhances pathologic responses, tumor immune infiltrates and immunologic memory, and merits further investigation in operable NSCLC. Neoadjuvant treatment with nivolumab plus ipilimumab is well tolerated and demonstrates clinical efficacy in patients with early stage lung cancer., Author(s): Tina Cascone [sup.1] , William N. William Jr [sup.1] [sup.15] , Annikka Weissferdt [sup.2] [sup.3] , Cheuk H. Leung [sup.4] , Heather Y. Lin [sup.4] , Apar Pataer [sup.3] [...]

Pesantren that live in the midst of society certainly have a great influence on people's lives. In Law no. 18 of 2019 concerning pesantren that there are three roles of pesantren in the implementation of educational functions, da'wah functions and community empowerment functions. Pesantren with its business entities certainly provide great opportunities and become a forum for community empowerment. The success of this empowerment affects the improvement of people's living standards and can even realize welfare through the roles of pesantren. However, there are several problems experienced such as low human resources, low income, there are some pesantren businesses that are not developing. Therefore, it is necessary to design a strategy to compile a business design systematically balanced with mentoring, training and evaluation. This research uses a qualitative approach with a phenomenological type of research location in a business entity owned by the Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Sukorejo Islamic boarding school, Banyuputih District, Situbondo Regency. Data collection is done through interviews, conservation and documentation. The results of this study show that the strategy of economic empowerment of pesantren in pesantren-owned enterprises is carried out with three strategies including: strategy formulation, strategy implementation, and strategy evaluation. Strategy formulation includes: first, formulation of policy direction for economic development of pesantren. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The computer vision syndrome has become a burning issue in this modern world with the advancement of the technology and its wide use. This study was planned to determine the prevalence of computer vision syndrome among professional computer workers as well as it’s associated risk factors. The cross-sectional study was conducted in the Departments of Community Ophthalmology and Ophthalmology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka from September 2017 to February 2020. The professionals using computer on an average 4 hours per day for a duration of at least 1 year attending out patient department for having treatment for their ocular problems were the study population. A total of 77 such subjects were consecutively included in the study. In this present study, the preva- lence of computer vision syndrome (CVS) was 46.8%. The present study demonstrated that middle class and upper-middle class professionals were more likely to be associated with CVS than the lower-middle class computer professionals with risk of developing CVS in former cohort was observed to be almost 3-fold (95% CI=1.1–7.5) higher than that in the latter cohort (p = 0.027). The duration of working on computer predisposes the development of CVS with mean duration of working was on an average 1.2 years higher in subjects with CVS than that in subjects without CVS. Subjects who maintained their level of personal computer(PC) at or above their eye level (while working on computer) were more prone to develop CVS with odds of developing the condition in them being 3.6(95% CI = 1.3-9.7) times higher than the subjects who maintained the level of PC below their eye level (p = 0.010). Glare display also emerged as significant predictor of CVS with odds having the condition being 9.8(95% CI = 1.1-88.6) times higher than that with PCs without glare display (p = 0.016). Seating posture at computer also have its impact on the development of CVS. Computer workers with inappro- priate seating posture are more often associated with the development CVS. The study concluded that over one-quarter of the computer professionals suffer from computer vision syndrome (CVS). The predominant symptoms of CVS are eye strain, irritation of eye, blurred vision and headache. The factors that contribute to the development of CVS are middle class and upper-middle class professionals, prolonged working exposure to computer, level of PC at or above the eye level of the workers, glare display on the screen and inappropriate seating posture. BSMMU J 2021; 14(3): 31-37

This study aims to conduct a philosophical review of the role of government in the development and development of the shariah economy. In the context of the shariah economy, the role of the government is considered important in regulating and encouraging the growth of the economic sector based on the principles of shariah. This research will explore the philosophy behind government intervention in facilitating the development of the shariah economy, as well as its implications for society and economic development as a whole. Using a philosophical approach, this research will analyze the moral, ethical and philosophical aspects underlying the government's role in supporting the shariah economy, as well as how it integrates the values of justice, sustainability and social welfare in sustainable economic development. This research is expected to provide a deeper understanding of the essence and urgency of the government's role in the development of the shariah economy, as well as its contribution to creating a just, sustainable and prosperous society based on the principles of shariah. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]