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Background: Salmonellosis is a severe infectious zoonotic disease, which increases the importance of identifying and controlling the causative strains. Objectives: This study aimed to develop a rapid molecular diagnostic test to determine and purify bacterial isolates based on the specific primer. SE1472298-2 for Salmonella serovar enteritidis; gene STM4497 demonstrated specificity for Salmonella serovar typhimurium and gene O antigen synthesis tyv for Salmonella serovar typhi isolated from patients in Babylon province, Iraq. Materials and Methods: Two hundred clinical stool specimens were collected from patients suffering from watery diarrhea. Blood specimens obtained from patients with typhoid fever who were admitted to three hospitals of Babylon Governorate. Results: There were a total of 200 samples; 34 (17%) were discovered by biochemical tests. The diagnosis of these samples was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction, depending on the target gene, so the number of isolates was 25 (73.53%), Salmonella enteritidis 13 (52%) Salmonella typhimurium 6 (24%), and Salmonella typhi 6 (24%). Conclusion: Molecular techniques, particularly polymerase chain reaction, can rapidly and precisely identify Salmonella isolates.

Escherichia coli J5 strain was assessed for its serum resistance and pathogenicity for both chickens and chick embryos. Pathogenicity for chickens was assessed by intravenous inoculation into three-week-old broiler chickens. Pathogenicity for chick embryos was determined by inoculation of 12-day-old chick embryos into the allantoic cavity. Chicken serum was used to determine the serum resistance status. E coli J5 strain was found to be serum-sensitive and apathogenic for chickens and chick embryos. No mortality and no gross lesions occurred in the chickens inoculated with this strain. The chick embryos inoculated with this strain remained alive. It is worth trying this strain as a live vaccine to immunize chickens against infection from different serotypes of E coli.

Twenty-five-day-old broiler chickens were inoculated intramuscularly or orally with a suspension prepared from the livers of chickens naturally affected with hydropericardium syndrome (HPS), and uninoculated chickens were kept in the same room with the inoculated birds. The mortality rates in the chickens inoculated intramuscularly or orally were 100 per cent and 30 per cent, respectively. The corresponding groups of uninoculated chickens had mortality rates of 60 per cent and 53.3 per cent, respectively. Hydropericardium was a consistent and prominent lesion in the dead birds, and there were gross lesions in the liver and kidney. Microscopical lesions were present in the liver, kidney, bursa of Fabricius and spleen. Some hepatocytes contained basophilic, intranuclear inclusion bodies.

An isolate Enterococcus hirae was used to determine its pathogenicity for chicken embryos and for chicks treated with betamethasone. E hirae was inoculated intravenously into four-day-old chicks which had been treated for three consecutive days with betamethasone, and chick embryos were inoculated into the allantoic cavity with 10(2) and 10(3) bacteria. E hirae was not pathogenic for the chicks or for the embryos.