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10. Governing Extractive Industries

Author

Bebbington, Anthony, Abdulai, Abdul-Gafaru, Humphreys Bebbington, Denise, Hinfelaar, Marja, and Sanborn, Cynthia

Subjects
mining, extractive industry, natural resource governance, political settlements, Bolivia, Ghana, Peru, Zambia, inclusive development, Hydrocarbon, bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning
Abstract

Proposals for more effective natural resource governance emphasize the importance of institutions and governance, but say less about the political conditions under which institutional change occurs. This book synthesizes findings regarding the political drivers of institutional change in extractive industry governance. The authors analyse resource governance from the late nineteenth century to the present in Bolivia, Ghana, Peru, and Zambia. They focus on the ways in which resource governance and national political settlements interact. Special attention is paid to the nature of elite politics, the emergence of new political actors, forms of political contention, changing ideas regarding natural resources and development, the geography of natural resource deposits, and the influence of the transnational political economy of global commodity production. National elites and subnational actors are in continuous contention over extractive industry governance. Resource rents are used by elites to manage this contention and incorporate actors into governing coalitions and overall political settlements. Periodically, new resource frontiers are opened, and new political actors emerge with the power to redefine how extractive industries are governed and used as instruments for development. Colonial and post-colonial histories of resource extraction continue to give political valence to ideas of resource nationalism that mobilize actors who challenge existing institutional arrangements. The book is innovative in its focus on the political longue durée, and the use of in-depth, comparative, country-level analysis in Africa and Latin America, to build a theoretical argument that accounts for both similarity and divergence between these regions.

Published
2018
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20. State elites and the politics of regional inequality in Ghana

Author

Abdulai, Abdul-Gafaru, Hulme, David, and Hickey, Samuel

Subjects
338.91, State elites, Politics, regional inequality
Abstract

Recent years have witnessed renewed global attention to persistent spatial inequalities and the potential role of politics and power relations in redressing and reinforcing them. This thesis offers a political analysis of the problem of regional inequality in Ghana, with particular attention to the role of inter-elite power relations in underpinning the country’s historical North-South divide. The analysis is based on three main sets of data: the regional distribution of political power during 1993-2008; the regional composition of public expenditure; and elite interviews. The thesis argues that a key factor that explains Ghana’s stark unbalanced regional development has been the continuous exclusion of the historically poorer Northern regions from a fair share of both productive and social sector spending. The socio-economic marginalisation of these regions has been underpinned principally by a weaker influence of Northern elites on resource allocation decisions within a political environment that is driven largely by patron-client relations. Consequently, even policies and programmes designed with the formal objective of targeting the ‘poor’ often end up discriminating against the poorer Northern regions at the level of implementation. However, Northern elites’ lack of ‘agenda-setting powers’ is not a function of their exclusion from government, but rather of their ‘adverse incorporation’ into the polity, whereby they have often been included on relatively unfavourable terms. This explanation differs significantly from much of current mainstream thinking regarding the underlying drivers of persistent unbalanced regional development, including dominant accounts of Ghana’s North-South inequalities. Notably, there has been a tendency of both academics and policy makers to put the blame on certain innate characteristics of the North, such as the region’s fewer production potentials associated with its ‘bad geography’ and Northerners’ proclivity for violent conflicts. Such accounts therefore tend to blame the relative socio-economic backwardness of the Northern regions on the North itself rather than the nature of its incorporation into broader political formations.

Published
2013

21. Governing Extractive Industries

Author

Abdulai, Abdul-Gafaru, Bebbington, Anthony, and Humphreys Bebbington, Denise

Subjects
Science / Earth Sciences
Abstract

Proposals for more effective natural resource governance emphasize the importance of institutions and governance, but say less about the political conditions under which institutional change occurs. This book synthesizes findings regarding the political drivers of institutional change in extractive industry governance. The authors analyse resource governance from the late nineteenth century to the present in Bolivia, Ghana, Peru, and Zambia. They focus on the ways in which resource governance and national political settlements interact. Special attention is paid to the nature of elite politics, the emergence of new political actors, forms of political contention, changing ideas regarding natural resources and development, the geography of natural resource deposits, and the influence of the transnational political economy of global commodity production. National elites and subnational actors are in continuous contention over extractive industry governance. Resource rents are used by elites to manage this contention and incorporate actors into governing coalitions and overall political settlements. Periodically, new resource frontiers are opened, and new political actors emerge with the power to redefine how extractive industries are governed and used as instruments for development. Colonial and post-colonial histories of resource extraction continue to give political valence to ideas of resource nationalism that mobilize actors who challenge existing institutional arrangements. The book is innovative in its focus on the political longue durée, and the use of in-depth, comparative, country-level analysis in Africa and Latin America, to build a theoretical argument that accounts for both similarity and divergence between these regions.

Published
2018

22. Ghana

Author

Abdulai, Abdul-Gafaru, primary and Crawford, Gordon, additional

Published
2018
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27. Resource Extraction and Inclusive Development

Author

Bebbington, Anthony, primary, Abdulai, Abdul-Gafaru, additional, Bebbington, Denise Humphreys, additional, Hinfelaar, Marja, additional, Sanborn, Cynthia A., additional, Achberger, Jessica, additional, Huber, Celina Grisi, additional, Hurtado, Verónica, additional, Ramírez, Tania, additional, and Odell, Scott D., additional

Published
2018
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28. Mining, Political Settlements, and Inclusive Development in Peru

Author

Bebbington, Anthony, primary, Abdulai, Abdul-Gafaru, additional, Bebbington, Denise Humphreys, additional, Hinfelaar, Marja, additional, Sanborn, Cynthia A., additional, Achberger, Jessica, additional, Huber, Celina Grisi, additional, Hurtado, Verónica, additional, Ramírez, Tania, additional, and Odell, Scott D., additional

Published
2018
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29. Competitive Clientelism and the Political Economy of Mining in Ghana

Author

Bebbington, Anthony, primary, Abdulai, Abdul-Gafaru, additional, Bebbington, Denise Humphreys, additional, Hinfelaar, Marja, additional, Sanborn, Cynthia A., additional, Achberger, Jessica, additional, Huber, Celina Grisi, additional, Hurtado, Verónica, additional, Ramírez, Tania, additional, and Odell, Scott D., additional

Published
2018
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30. The Politics of Natural Resource Extraction in Zambia

Author

Bebbington, Anthony, primary, Abdulai, Abdul-Gafaru, additional, Bebbington, Denise Humphreys, additional, Hinfelaar, Marja, additional, Sanborn, Cynthia A., additional, Achberger, Jessica, additional, Huber, Celina Grisi, additional, Hurtado, Verónica, additional, Ramírez, Tania, additional, and Odell, Scott D., additional

Published
2018
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31. Conclusions

Author

Bebbington, Anthony, primary, Abdulai, Abdul-Gafaru, additional, Bebbington, Denise Humphreys, additional, Hinfelaar, Marja, additional, Sanborn, Cynthia A., additional, Achberger, Jessica, additional, Huber, Celina Grisi, additional, Hurtado, Verónica, additional, Ramírez, Tania, additional, and Odell, Scott D., additional

Published
2018
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35. The political economy of the oil and gas sector in emerging and developing countries

Author

Asongu, Simplice, Arhin, Gerald Emmanuel, Abdulai, Abdul-Gafaru, and Bawole, Justice Nyigmah

Subjects
development economies, power, inter-party politics, Political economy, oil and gas, ddc:330, ideas, interests, geopolitics, institutions
Abstract

This chapter surveys the literature on the political-economy of oil and gas governance by focusing on the exploration, production and revenue sharing in the hydrocarbon sector. Emphasis is placed on the extent to which oil and gas governance is shaped by geopolitics and interpartyparty politics. We argue that the interests and ideas relative to the power of key stakeholders, such as political actors, multinational companies, the citizens and the state are relevant to the understanding of the form and shape of the emergence and performance of the institutions governing the oil and gas sectors of emerging and developing countries.

Published
2022

39. Ghana’s Social Policy Response to Covid-19: Leaving the Poorest Behind?

Author

Abdulai, Abdul-Gafaru and Ibrahim, Mohammed

Subjects
ddc:320, 320 Political science, Covid-19, Ghana, social policy
Abstract

This report analyses Ghana’s policy response to the Covid-19 pandemic, with particular attention to the social sector. It highlights the various policies that were adopted to help minimise the impact of the pandemic, ranging from the provision of free/subsidised water and electricity, and the distribution of food to vulnerable groups during the partial lockdown of the country. The report argues that whilst these social interventions were useful in mitigating the hardships posed by the pandemic, their overall impact was undermined by a number of factors, including the lack of a reliable database on the poor and vulnerable, ineffective targeting mechanisms, and the politicisation of the distribution of benefits. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) 31

Published
2021

50. Competitive clientelism, donors and the politics of social protection uptake in Ghana.

Author

Abdulai, Abdul-Gafaru

Subjects
*PRACTICAL politics, *PUBLIC administration, *ELECTIONS, *HUMAN services programs, *GOVERNMENT policy, *PUBLIC welfare, *POVERTY
Abstract

Ghana's Livelihood Empowerment Against Poverty (LEAP) cash transfer programme has been widely characterised as 'home grown'. This article challenges such accounts of the LEAP by showing how donors used their financial muscle to shape the LEAP both at the level of programme adoption and implementation. However, the extent to which donor interests and ideas influenced the programme's design and implementation depended on the degree to which such interests were aligned with those of domestic political elites. While it was donors who first pushed cash transfers on the agenda of the Ghanaian government, electoral calculus took centre stage in driving the programme's subsequent expansion and institutionalisation. The article suggests the need to move beyond the donor-driven versus state-led type of arguments to explore the complex ways in which transnational factors and the formal and informal aspects of domestic politics interact to produce different levels and types of commitment to social protection in Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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