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Abstract A mathematical model that describes the dynamics of bacterium vibrio cholera within a fixed population considering intrinsic bacteria growth, therapeutic treatment, sanitation and vaccination rates is developed. The developed mathematical model is validated against real cholera data. A sensitivity analysis of some of the model parameters is also conducted. The intervention rates are found to be very important parameters in reducing the values of the basic reproduction number. The existence and stability of equilibrium solutions to the mathematical model are also carried out using analytical methods. The effect of some model parameters on the stability of equilibrium solutions, number of infected individuals, number of susceptible individuals and bacteria density is rigorously analyzed. One very important finding of this research work is that keeping the vaccination rate fixed and varying the treatment and sanitation rates provide a rapid decline of infection. The fourth order Runge–Kutta numerical scheme is implemented in MATLAB to generate the numerical solutions.

In this article, a semi-analytical approach known as the optimal auxiliary function method is extended to the approximate solution of non-linear partial differential equations. The fifth order lax and swada-kotera equations are taken as test examples. Utilizing the well-known least squares method, the optimal convergence control parameter values in the auxiliary function have been determined. The outcomes of the proposed method are contrasted with those of a new iterative approach and a homotopy perturbation method. It has been demonstrated that the suggested method for solving non-linear partial differential equations is straightforward and rapidly convergent. The numerical outcomes demonstrate the effectiveness and reliability of the suggested approach. Additionally, using higher order approximations can increase the suggested method's accuracy.

In this article, we explore the utilization of the Caputo derivative and the Riemann–Liouville (R–L) fractional integral to analyze the optimal auxiliary function method for approximating fractional nonlinear long waves. Approximate long wave equation with a distinct dispersion relation offers the most accurate description of shallow water wave properties. Various methods, including the Adomian decomposition technique, the variational iteration method, the optimum homotopy asymptotic method, and the new iterative technique, have been employed and compared to those obtained using the fractional-order approximate long wave equation. The results of our study indicate that the optimal auxiliary function method is highly successful and practically simple, achieving better and more rapid convergence after just one repetition. This method is recognized as an efficient approach, demonstrating high precision in solving intriguing and intricate problems. Furthermore, it proves to be more time and resource efficient than other relevant analytical techniques, leading to significant savings in both volume and time. Compared to the Adomian decomposition technique, the new iterative technique, the variational iteration method, and the optimum homotopy asymptotic method, the suggested technique is extremely accurate computationally. It is also easy to analyze and solve fractionally linked nonlinear complex phenomena that arise in science and technology. We present the numerical and graphical findings that support these conclusions.

This article adopts a class of nonlinear fractional differential equation associating Hilfer generalized proportional fractional (GPF) derivative with having boundary conditions, which amalgamates the Riemann-Liouville (RL) and Caputo-GPF derivative. Taking into consideration the weighted space continuous mappings, we first derive a corresponding integral for the specified boundary value problem. Also, we investigate the existence consequences for a certain problem with a new unified formulation considering the minimal suppositions on nonlinear mapping. Detailed developments hold in the analysis and are dependent on diverse tools involving Schauder's, Schaefer's and Kransnoselskii's fixed point theorems. Finally, we deliver two examples to check the efficiency of the proposed scheme.

Fractional calculus has been the target of the work of many mathematicians for more than a century. Some of these investigations are of inequalities and fractional integral operators. In this article, a novel fractional operator which is known as weighted generalized proportional Hadamard fractional operator with unknown attribute weight is proposed. First, a fractional formulation is constructed, which covers a subjective list of operators. With the aid of the above mentioned operators, numerous notable versions of Pólya-Szegö, Chebyshev and certain related variants are established. Meanwhile, new outcomes are introduced and new theorems are exhibited. Taking into account the novel generalizations, our consequences have a potential association with the previous results. Furthermore, we demonstrate the applications of new operator with numerous integral inequalities by inducing assumptions on weight function ϖ and proportionality index φ. It is hoped that this research demonstrates that the suggested technique is efficient, computationally, very user-friendly and accurate.

Intravenous substance consumption is on the upswing all over the globe, especially in Europe and Asia. It is extremely harmful to society; excessive substance consumption is the leading cause of death. Beyond all prohibited narcotics, heroin is a narcotic that has a substantial negative impact on society and the world at large. In this paper, a heroin epidemic model is developed via an Atangana–Baleanu fractional-order derivative in the Caputo sense describe accurately real world problems, equipped with recovery and persistent immunity. Meanwhile, we have established a globally asymptotically stable equilibrium for both the drug-free and drug-addiction equilibriums. Additionally, we apply a novel scheme that is mingled with the two-step Lagrange polynomial and the basic principle of fractional calculus. The simulation results for various fractional values indicate that as the fractional order decreases from 1, the growth of the epidemic diminishes. The modelling data demonstrates that the suggested containment technique is effective in minimizing the incidence of instances in various categories. Furthermore, modelling the ideal configuration indicated that lowering the fractional-order from 1 necessitates a swift commencement of the implementation of the suggested regulatory technique at the maximum rate and sustaining it throughout a significant proportion of the pandemic time frame.

Scientists and researchers are increasingly interested in numerical simulations of infections with non-integer orders. It is self-evident that conventional epidemiological systems can be given in a predetermined order, but fractional-order derivative systems are not stable orders. The fractional derivative proves increasingly effective in representing real-world issues when it has a non-fixed order. Various novel fractional operator notions, including special functions in the kernel, have been presented in recent decades, which transcend the constraints of prior fractional order derivatives. These novel operators have been shown to be useful in simulating scientific and technical challenges. The fractal-fractional operator is a relatively modern fractional calculus operator that has been proposed. Besides that, we propose a new technique and implement it in a human liver model and want to investigate its dynamics. In the context of this novel operator, we demonstrate certain interesting findings for the human liver model. The findings of the uniqueness and existence will be revealed. We describe modeling estimates for the proposed model using an innovative numerical method that has never been used before for a human liver model of this type. Additionally, graphical illustrations are demonstrated for both fractal and fractional orders. It is expected that the fractal-fractional approach is more invigorating and effective for epidemic models than the fractional operator.

In this article, we investigated a deterministic model of pneumonia-meningitis coinfection. Employing the Atangana–Baleanu fractional derivative operator in the Caputo framework, we analyze a seven-component approach based on ordinary differential equations (DEs). Furthermore, the invariant domain, disease-free as well as endemic equilibria, and the validity of the model’s potential results are all investigated. According to controller design evaluation and modelling, the modulation technique devised is effective in diminishing the proportion of incidences in various compartments. A fundamental reproducing value is generated by exploiting the next generation matrix to assess the properties of the equilibrium. The system’s reliability is further evaluated. Sensitivity analysis is used to classify the impact of each component on the spread or prevention of illness. Using simulation studies, the impacts of providing therapy have been determined. Additionally, modelling the appropriate configuration demonstrated that lowering the fractional order from 1 necessitates a rapid initiation of the specified control technique at the largest intensity achievable and retaining it for the bulk of the pandemic’s duration.

The present investigation dealing with a hybrid technique coupled with a new iterative transform method, namely the iterative Elzaki transform method (IETM), is employed to solve the nonlinear fractional Fisher’s model. Fisher’s equation is a precise mathematical result that arose in population dynamics and genetics, specifically in chemistry. The Caputo and Antagana-Baleanu fractional derivatives in the Caputo sense are used to test the intricacies of this mechanism numerically. In order to examine the approximate findings of fractional-order Fisher’s type equations, the IETM solutions are obtained in series representation. Moreover, the stability of the approach was demonstrated using fixed point theory. Several illustrative cases are described that strongly agree with the precise solutions. Moreover, tables and graphs are included in order to conceptualize the influence of the fractional order and on the previous findings. The projected technique illustrates that only a few terms are sufficient for finding an approximate outcome, which is computationally appealing and accurate to analyze. Additionally, the offered procedure is highly robust, explicit, and viable for nonlinear fractional PDEs, but it could be generalized to other complex physical phenomena.