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Objective: Mildly symptomatic COVID-19 patients may seek medical attention either in the Emergency Department (ED) or Ambulatory Clinics (AC). However, it is unclear if ED patients have different characteristics and outcomes than AC patients when discharged under telemedicine surveillance, which we explored in this study. Methods: Patients with mild or asymptomatic COVID-19 disease referred to a multidisciplinary Telemedicine clinical service (TM-CS) program in an urban tertiary-care hospital, between June 2020 and February 2021, were evaluated. Those referred from ED were labeled “ED Group” and ones from AC as “AC Group.” Their characteristics, clinical features and outcomes including telemedicine parameters, subsequent ED visits, hospital admission, oxygen requirements, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and mortality were compared. Results: Out of 1132 confirmed non-admitted COVID-19 patients, 526 with mild (89%) or asymptomatic (11%) disease were enrolled in TM-CS. Majority of these were referred from ED (n = 370; 70%) and rest (n = 156, 30%) from the AC. Patients in the ED group compared to AC group, had higher BMI (28.9 vs. 27.5), higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (1.4 vs. 0.9), and higher incidence of comorbidities (50% vs. 22%), P ≤ 0.01. However, there were no differences in the ED and AC groups in subsequent ED visits (26% vs. 24%), hospital admission (18% vs. 15%), oxygen requirements (5% vs. 4%), ICU admission (1% vs. 2%), and mortality (0.3% vs. 0.6%), respectively (P > 0.40). Conclusion: Significant number of mild COVID-19 patients head to the ED for initial assistance but have similar outcomes to AC patients. TM-CS could be a safe alternative for follow-up monitoring of these patients.

Rabia Latif,1 Nazish Rafique,1 Lubna Al Asoom,1 Ahmed A Alsunni,1 Ayad Mohammed Salem,1 Dinah Abdulhadi AlNoaimi,2 Wasan Mohammed AlHarbi,2 Ahad Yasir Shaikh,2 Shoug Abdullah AlRaddadi,2 Leena Abdulrahman AlMuhaish,2 Dana Almohazey,3 Sayed Abdulazeez,4 J Francis Borgio4 1Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; 2College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Stem Cell Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Genetic Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Rabia LatifDepartment of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi ArabiaTel +966 596212648Fax +966 38578048Email rlhussain@iau.edu.saBackground: A reliable, migraine-specific biomarker has not been identified so far. Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) and Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) might serve as migraine biomarkers due to their roles in migraine pathophysiology. However, their diagnostic usefulness has not been explored yet. Present study explored the diagnostic accuracy of CGRP and ApoE in migraine.Methods: A cross-sectional, case–control study was conducted from November 2019 to April 2020 at Physiology department of our university. Fourteen female migraine patients, 18– 25 years old, with confirmed “Migraine” diagnosis by a neurologist, were recruited. Control group consisted of 14 age-matched healthy females with no personal/family history of migraine. Blood was drawn once from control subjects and twice from migraine patients (ictal and interictal phase). Serum CGRP and ApoE levels were assessed by ELISA. Statistical analysis involved paired t-test, one-way ANOVA, Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and cross-tabs.Results: ApoE (mg/dl) was higher significantly in interictal (1.90± 0.50) and ictal (1.97± 0.65) phases of migraine compared to control (1.07± 0.26) (p ≤ 0.001). ROC curves for ApoE were significant in migraine ictal vs control (AUC= 0.91, AUC 95% CI: 0.78– 1.0) and migraine interictal vs control (AUC=0.92, AUC 95% CI: 0.8– 1.0) subjects. ROC curve for CGRP (pg/mL) was significant in migraine ictal vs control subjects only (AUC=0.79, AUC 95% CI: 0.6– 0.97).Conclusion: Serum ApoE has “excellent” accuracy to diagnose migraine patients whether in ictal or interictal phase, from healthy subjects. ApoE levels of patients in these two phases of migraine are raised significantly than healthy subjects. CGRP has “fair” diagnostic accuracy to discriminate between migraine ictal phase and healthy subjects. Its levels do not differ significantly among migraine ictal, interictal phase and healthy controls.Keywords: apolipoprotein E, calcitonin gene-related peptide, migraine, receiver operating curve, biomarkers

The aim of this research is to detect and classify websites based on their content if it encourages spreading hate speech toward Islam and Muslims, or Islamophobia using sentiment analysis and web text mining techniques. In this research, a large dataset corpus has been collected, to identify and classify anti-Islamic online contents. Our target is to automatically detect the content of those websites that are hostile to Islam and transmitting extremist ideas against it. The main purpose is to reduce the spread of those webpages that give the wrong idea about Islam. The proper dataset is collected from different sources, and the two datasets for the Arabic language (balanced and unbalanced) have been produced. The framework of the proposed approach has been described. The approach used in this framework is based on supervised Machine Learning (ML) approach using Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Multinomial Naive Bayes (MNB) models as classifiers, and Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) as feature extraction. Different experiments including word level and tri-gram level on the two datasets have been conducted, and compared the obtained results. The experimental results shows that the supervised ML approach using word level is the finest approach for both datasets that produce high accuracy with 97% applied on the balanced Arabic dataset using SVM algorithm with TF-IDF as feature extraction. Finally, an interactive web-application prototype has been developed and built in order to detect and classify toxic language such as anti-Islamic online text-contents.

Clean and renewable energy is the goal of most companies, governments, the United Nations and organizations that they are plan to reduce pollution from industry, cars and other machinery or by mechanical engines that contribute. In increasing the amount of carbon dioxide resulting from (oil and gas). This steady increase leads to pollution of the environment and the atmosphere where changes occur in the atmosphere and the composition of the atmosphere of the Earth’s, atmosphere result in a steady increase in the temperature of the earth, on the other hand, Oil and gas in the near future so the need for green energy and recyclable is one of the most important challenges in this paper, we proposed a synthetic system to track the sun depends on the features of optical sensors, where a three-dimensional model was designed in which we installed resistors light on the perimeter The shape of the ball and the coordinates of the points and make one of these optical sensors reference point for the rest of the points on the ball surface has been sustained

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is the most polymorphic genes in human. It has an important role in organs transplantation, immune response and also has a relation to several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Genotyping of the HLA genes is important in both clinical and research settings in order to understand the mechanism of HLA-associated diseases as well as organ transplantation. Beta Thalassemia is considered as one of the most common inherited blood disorders worldwide as well as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Molecular studies showed more than 200 different mutations around the world affecting the HBB gene thus causing the disease with the IVS-1-5 mutation - substitution of G by C at position 5 of the IVS-I of the HBB gene - is considered the most common mutation in the KSA. HLA matching in beta thalassemia patients can support therapeutic interventions through hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). It is estimated that only 30% of patients can find an HLA identical donor from their families. Therefore, It is necessary in certain occasions to be able to find HLA-matched stem cell donors from outside the patients’ families. The aim of this study is to investigate the HLA area in beta- thalassemia patients who carry the IVS-1-5 mutation and in healthy volunteers. We investigated the genetic polymorphism of sixteen Short Tandem Repeat (STR) loci (D6S291, TAP1, D6S2880, D6S1014, D6S2973, MICA, MOGc, MIB, MIB outer, D6S2674, D6S2959, D6S2908, Ring3CA, D6S2812, D6S248 and D6S2707) in 15 beta-thalassemia patients samples who carry the (IVS-1-5) mutation and 15 healthy volunteers samples using a fluorescent-labelled singleplex-PCR STR typing method. The result showed wide variation in alleles and high level of genetic polymorphisms. In addition, we found a high level of homozygosity in fifteen patient samples at three STR loci; Ring3CA , D6S2812 and D6S248 where this homozygosity is significantly associated with beta thalassemia IVS-I-5 mutation (p-value