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1. Man with convulsive syncope

Author: Satheesh Gunaga, Dennis Smythe, Nathaniel Shearer, Mustafa Hashem, and Abe Al‐Hage
Subjects: convulsive syncope, pulmonary thrombectomy, sPESI, submassive pulmonary embolism, syncope, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, RC86-88.9
Published: 2024
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2. A Dosimetric Comparison of Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy and Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy in Patients Treated with Post-Mastectomy Radiotherapy

Author: Samuel Adeneye, Michael Akpochafor, Nusirat Adedewe, Muhammad Habeebu, Ramotallah Jubril, Abe Adebayo, Omolola Salako, Adedayo Joseph, Inioluwa Ariyo, Eseoghene Awhariado, and Rasak Lawal
Subjects: cancer, conformity, homogeneity, mastectomy, radiotherapy, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282, Medicine
Abstract: Objective:Radiotherapy continues to play an important role in the management of breast cancer. This study compared the dosimetric differences between the techniques of intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) in breast cancer patients who had radiotherapy after mastectomy.Materials and Methods:Forty post-mastectomy patients (19 right-sided breast and 21 left-sided breast) treated with the IMRT technique using 7-9 fields who were re-planned with VMAT using 2 coplanar arc on the Varian Vital beam linear accelerator between January, 2020 and August, 2021 were included in this study. The patients received 42 Gy in 15 fractions to the chest wall, lymph nodes and supraclavicular nodes. The dosimetric parameter for planning target volume (PTV), organs at risk (OAR) and the integral dose to the body were analysed. Student’s t-test for two independent means was used to analyse the dosimetric differences between the plans.Results:Clinical goals were achieved for both techniques. In terms of PTV coverage at 95% (IMRT: 712.17±233) vs (VMAT: 694.9±214) and the homogeneity index (IMRT: 0.075±0.04) vs (VMAT: 0.104±0.03), IMRT resulted in better dose coverage and homogeneity than VMAT. However, with the conformity index, no significant difference was seen. As regards the OARs, the mean doses, V5, V10, V20, V30, and V40 for the Ipsilateral-lung were lower in IMRT plans than in VMAT plans with a non-significant variation (p-values = 0.141, 0.416, 0.954, 0.443, and 1 respectively). Regarding the mean dose to the heart, low-dose volumes V5, V10, and high-dose volume V30 were significantly reduced in IMRT compared to VMAT. When comparing the dose to the contralateral breast, IMRT achieved a significantly lower mean dose than VMAT (2.9 vs 3.62, p = 0.0148). For MU, VMAT showed lower MU compared to IMRT with a non-significant difference.Conclusion:With IMRT, better PTV coverage, homogeneity and OAR sparing were observed. Additionally, VMAT resulted in a lower delivery time than IMRT. Overall, both techniques offered dosimetric qualities that were clinically acceptable.
Published: 2023
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3. Monte Carlo simulation of the $SU(2)/\mathbb{Z}_2$ Yang--Mills theory

Author: Abe, Motokazu, Morikawa, Okuto, and Suzuki, Hiroshi
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Lattice, High Energy Physics - Theory
Abstract: We carry out a hybrid Monte Carlo (HMC) simulation of the $SU(2)/\mathbb{Z}_2$ Yang--Mills theory in which the $\mathbb{Z}_N$ 2-form flat gauge field (the 't~Hooft flux) is explicitly treated as one of dynamical variables. We observe that our HMC algorithm in the $SU(2)/\mathbb{Z}_2$ theory drastically reduces autocorrelation lengths of the topological charge and a physical quantity which couples to slow modes in the conventional HMC simulation of the $SU(2)$ theory. Provided that sufficiently large lattice volumes are available, therefore, the HMC algorithm of the $SU(N)/\mathbb{Z}_N$ theory could be employed as an alternative for the simulation of the $SU(N)$ Yang--Mills theory, because local observables are expected to be insensitive to the difference between $SU(N)$ and~$SU(N)/\mathbb{Z}_N$ in the large volume limit. A possible method to incorporate quarks (fermions in the fundamental representation of~$SU(N)$ with the baryon number~$1/N$) in this framework is also considered., Comment: 23 pages, many figures
Published: 2024

4. Performance Evaluation of a Diamond Quantum Magnetometer for Biomagnetic Sensing: A Phantom Study

Author: Sekiguchi, Naota, Kainuma, Yuta, Fushimi, Motofumi, Shinei, Chikara, Miyakawa, Masashi, Taniguchi, Takashi, Teraji, Tokuyuki, Abe, Hiroshi, Onoda, Shinobu, Ohshima, Takeshi, Hatano, Mutsuko, Sekino, Masaki, and Iwasaki, Takayuki
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract: We employ a dry-type phantom to evaluate the performance of a diamond quantum magnetometer with a high sensitivity of about $6~\mathrm{pT/\sqrt{Hz}}$ from the viewpoint of practical measurement in biomagnetic sensing. The dry phantom is supposed to represent an equivalent current dipole (ECD) generated by brain activity, emulating an encephalomagnetic field. The spatial resolution of the magnetometer is evaluated to be sufficiently higher than the length of the variation in the encephalomagnetic field distribution. The minimum detectable ECD moment is evaluated to be 0.2 nA m by averaging about 8000 measurements for a standoff distance of 2.4 mm from the ECD. We also discuss the feasibility of detecting an ECD in the measurement of an encephalomagnetic field in humans. We conclude that it is feasible to detect an encephalomagnetic field from a shallow cortex area such as the primary somatosensory cortex., Comment: 14 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2024

5. Development of a Large-scale Dataset of Chest Computed Tomography Reports in Japanese and a High-performance Finding Classification Model

Author: Yamagishi, Yosuke, Nakamura, Yuta, Kikuchi, Tomohiro, Sonoda, Yuki, Hirakawa, Hiroshi, Kano, Shintaro, Nakamura, Satoshi, Hanaoka, Shouhei, Yoshikawa, Takeharu, and Abe, Osamu
Subjects: Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract: Background: Recent advances in large language models highlight the need for high-quality multilingual medical datasets. While Japan leads globally in CT scanner deployment and utilization, the lack of large-scale Japanese radiology datasets has hindered the development of specialized language models for medical imaging analysis. Objective: To develop a comprehensive Japanese CT report dataset through machine translation and establish a specialized language model for structured finding classification. Additionally, to create a rigorously validated evaluation dataset through expert radiologist review. Methods: We translated the CT-RATE dataset (24,283 CT reports from 21,304 patients) into Japanese using GPT-4o mini. The training dataset consisted of 22,778 machine-translated reports, while the validation dataset included 150 radiologist-revised reports. We developed CT-BERT-JPN based on "tohoku-nlp/bert-base-japanese-v3" architecture for extracting 18 structured findings from Japanese radiology reports. Results: Translation metrics showed strong performance with BLEU scores of 0.731 and 0.690, and ROUGE scores ranging from 0.770 to 0.876 for Findings and from 0.748 to 0.857 for Impression sections. CT-BERT-JPN demonstrated superior performance compared to GPT-4o in 11 out of 18 conditions, including lymphadenopathy (+14.2%), interlobular septal thickening (+10.9%), and atelectasis (+7.4%). The model maintained F1 scores exceeding 0.95 in 14 out of 18 conditions and achieved perfect scores in four conditions. Conclusions: Our study establishes a robust Japanese CT report dataset and demonstrates the effectiveness of a specialized language model for structured finding classification. The hybrid approach of machine translation and expert validation enables the creation of large-scale medical datasets while maintaining high quality., Comment: Dataset available at https://huggingface.co/datasets/YYama0/CT-RATE-JPN
Published: 2024

6. Approximate State Abstraction for Markov Games

Author: Ishibashi, Hiroki, Abe, Kenshi, and Iwasaki, Atsushi
Subjects: Computer Science - Computer Science and Game Theory, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Multiagent Systems
Abstract: This paper introduces state abstraction for two-player zero-sum Markov games (TZMGs), where the payoffs for the two players are determined by the state representing the environment and their respective actions, with state transitions following Markov decision processes. For example, in games like soccer, the value of actions changes according to the state of play, and thus such games should be described as Markov games. In TZMGs, as the number of states increases, computing equilibria becomes more difficult. Therefore, we consider state abstraction, which reduces the number of states by treating multiple different states as a single state. There is a substantial body of research on finding optimal policies for Markov decision processes using state abstraction. However, in the multi-player setting, the game with state abstraction may yield different equilibrium solutions from those of the ground game. To evaluate the equilibrium solutions of the game with state abstraction, we derived bounds on the duality gap, which represents the distance from the equilibrium solutions of the ground game. Finally, we demonstrate our state abstraction with Markov Soccer, compute equilibrium policies, and examine the results.
Published: 2024

7. Time-dependent modelling of short-term variability in the TeV-blazar VER J0521+211 during the major flare in 2020

Author: MAGIC Collaboration, Abe, S., Abhir, J., Abhishek, A., Acciari, V. A., Aguasca-Cabot, A., Agudo, I., Aniello, T., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Arcaro, C., Artero, M., Asano, K., Baack, D., Babić, A., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Batković, I., Bautista, A., Baxter, J., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Bernete, J., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bošnjak, Ž., Bronzini, E., Burelli, I., Campoy-Ordaz, A., Carosi, A., Carosi, R., Carretero-Castrillo, M., Castro-Tirado, A. J., Cerasole, D., Ceribella, G., Chai, Y., Cifuentes, A., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Amico, G., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., de Menezes, R., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Mendez, C. Delgado, Di Pierro, F., Di Tria, R., Di Venere, L., Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Eisenberger, L., Elsaesser, D., Escudero, J., Fariña, L., Fattorini, A., Foffano, L., Font, L., Fröse, S., Fukami, S., Fukazawa, Y., López, R. J. García, Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Paiva, J. G. Giesbrecht, Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Gradetzke, T., Grau, R., Green, D., Green, J. G., Günther, P., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Heckmann, L., Llorente, J. Herrera, Hrupec, D., Imazawa, R., Ishio, K., Martínez, I. Jiménez, Jormanainen, J., Kankkunen, S., Kayanoki, T., Kerszberg, D., Kluge, G. W., Kobayashi, Y., Kouch, P. M., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Láinez, M., Lamastra, A., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López-Coto, R., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Lorini, A., Lyard, E., Fraga, B. Machado de Oliveira, Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mangano, S., Mannheim, K., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Martínez-Chicharro, M., Mas-Aguilar, A., Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., González, M. Molero, Molina, E., Mondal, H. A., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Nakamori, T., Nanci, C., Neustroev, V., Nickel, L., Rosillo, M. Nievas, Nigro, C., Nikolić, L., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Ekoume, T. Njoh, Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Okumura, A., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Pihet, M., Pirola, G., Podobnik, F., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Principe, G., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Saturni, F. G., Schmidt, K., Schmuckermaier, F., Schubert, J. L., Schweizer, T., Sciaccaluga, A., Silvestri, G., Sitarek, J., Sliusar, V., Sobczynska, D., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strišković, J., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Tajima, H., Takahashi, M., Takeishi, R., Temnikov, P., Terauchi, K., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Acosta, M. Vazquez, Ventura, S., Verna, G., Viale, I., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Walter, R., Wersig, F., Will, M., Wunderlich, C., Yamamoto, T., collaborators, MWL, Bachev, R., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Filippenko, A. V., Hovatta, T., Jorstad, S. G., Kiehlmann, S., Lähteenmäki, A., Liodakis, I., Marscher, A. P., Max-Moerbeck, W., Omeliukh, A., Pursimo, T., Readhead, A. C. S., Rodrigues, X., Tornikoski, M., Wierda, F., and Zheng, W.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: The BL Lacertae object VER J0521+211 underwent a notable flaring episode in February 2020. A short-term monitoring campaign, led by the MAGIC (Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov) collaboration, covering a wide energy range from radio to very-high-energy (VHE, 100 GeV < E < 100 TeV) gamma rays was organised to study its evolution. These observations resulted in a consistent detection of the source over six consecutive nights in the VHE gamma-ray domain. Combining these nightly observations with an extensive set of multiwavelength data made modelling of the blazar's spectral energy distribution (SED) possible during the flare. This modelling was performed with a focus on two plausible emission mechanisms: i) a leptonic two-zone synchrotron-self-Compton scenario, and ii) a lepto-hadronic one-zone scenario. Both models effectively replicated the observed SED from radio to the VHE gamma-ray band. Furthermore, by introducing a set of evolving parameters, both models were successful in reproducing the evolution of the fluxes measured in different bands throughout the observing campaign. Notably, the lepto-hadronic model predicts enhanced photon and neutrino fluxes at ultra-high energies (E > 100 TeV). While the photon component, generated via decay of neutral pions, is not directly observable as it is subject to intense pair production (and therefore extinction) through interactions with the cosmic microwave background photons, neutrino detectors (e.g. IceCube) can probe the predicted neutrino component. Finally, the analysis of the gamma-ray spectra, as observed by MAGIC and the Fermi-LAT telescopes, yielded a conservative 95\% confidence upper limit of z \leq 0.244 for the redshift of this blazar., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A
Published: 2024

8. Terrestrial Very-Long-Baseline Atom Interferometry: Summary of the Second Workshop

Author: Abdalla, Adam, Abe, Mahiro, Abend, Sven, Abidi, Mouine, Aidelsburger, Monika, Alibabaei, Ashkan, Allard, Baptiste, Antoniadis, John, Arduini, Gianluigi, Augst, Nadja, Balamatsias, Philippos, Balaz, Antun, Banks, Hannah, Barcklay, Rachel L., Barone, Michele, Barsanti, Michele, Bason, Mark G., Bassi, Angelo, Bayle, Jean-Baptiste, Baynham, Charles F. A., Beaufils, Quentin, Beldjoudi, Slyan, Belic, Aleksandar, Bennetts, Shayne, Bernabeu, Jose, Bertoldi, Andrea, Bigard, Clara, Bigelow, N. P., Bingham, Robert, Blas, Diego, Bobrick, Alexey, Boehringer, Samuel, Bogojevic, Aleksandar, Bongs, Kai, Bortoletto, Daniela, Bouyer, Philippe, Brand, Christian, Buchmueller, Oliver, Buica, Gabriela, Calatroni, Sergio, Calmels, Lo, Canizares, Priscilla, Canuel, Benjamin, Caramete, Ana, Caramete, Laurentiu-Ioan, Carlesso, Matteo, Carlton, John, Carman, Samuel P., Carroll, Andrew, Casariego, Mateo, Chairetis, Minoas, Charmandaris, Vassilis, Chauhan, Upasna, Chen, Jiajun, Luisa, Maria, Chiofalo, Ciampini, Donatella, Cimbri, Alessia, Clad, Pierre, Coleman, Jonathon, Constantin, Florin Lucian, Contaldi, Carlo R., Corgier, Robin, Dash, Bineet, Davies, G. J., de Rham, Claudia, De Roeck, Albert, Derr, Daniel, Dey, Soumyodeep, Di Pumpo, Fabio, Djordjevic, Goran S., Doebrich, Babette, Dornan, Peter, Doser, Michael, Drougakis, Giannis, Dunningham, Jacob, Duspayev, Alisher, Easo, Sajan, Eby, Joshua, Efremov, Maxim, Elertas, Gedminas, Ellis, John, Entin, Nicholas, Fairhurst, Stephen, Fani, Mattia, Fassi, Farida, Fayet, Pierre, Felea, Daniel, Feng, Jie, Flack, Robert, Foot, Chris, Freegarde, Tim, Fuchs, Elina, Gaaloul, Naceur, Gao, Dongfeng, Gardner, Susan, Garraway, Barry M., Alzar, Carlos L. Garrido, Gauguet, Alexandre, Giese, Enno, Gill, Patrick, Giudice, Gian F., Glasbrenner, Eric P., Glick, Jonah, Graham, Peter W., Granados, Eduardo, Griffin, Paul F., Gue, Jordan, Guellati-Khelifa, Saida, Gupta, Subhadeep, Gupta, Vishu, Hackermueller, Lucia, Haehnelt, Martin, Hakulinen, Timo, Hammerer, Klemens, Hanimeli, Ekim T., Harte, Tiffany, Hartmann, Sabrina, Hawkins, Leonie, Hees, Aurelien, Herbst, Alexander, Hird, Thomas M., Hobson, Richard, Hogan, Jason, Holst, Bodil, Holynski, Michael, Hosten, Onur, Hsu, Chung Chuan, Huang, Wayne Cheng-Wei, Hughes, Kenneth M., Hussain, Kamran, Huetsi, Gert, Iovino, Antonio, Isfan, Maria-Catalina, Janson, Gregor, Jeglic, Peter, Jetzer, Philippe, Jiang, Yijun, Juzeliunas, Gediminas, Kaenders, Wilhelm, Kalliokoski, Matti, Kehagias, Alex, Kilian, Eva, Klempt, Carsten, Knight, Peter, Koley, Soumen, Konrad, Bernd, Kovachy, Tim, Krutzik, Markus, Kumar, Mukesh, Kumar, Pradeep, Labiad, Hamza, Lan, Shau-Yu, Landragin, Arnaud, Landsberg, Greg, Langlois, Mehdi, Lanigan, Bryony, Poncin-Lafitte, Christophe Le, Lellouch, Samuel, Leone, Bruno, Lewicki, Marek, Lien, Yu-Hung, Lombriser, Lucas, Asamar, Elias Lopez, Lopez-Gonzalez, J. Luis, Lowe, Adam, Lu, Chen, Luciano, Giuseppe Gaetano, Lundblad, Nathan, Monjaraz, Cristian de J. Lpez, Mackoit-Sinkeviien, Maena, Maggiore, Michele, Majumdar, Anirban, Makris, Konstantinos, Maleknejad, Azadeh, Marchant, Anna L., Mariotti, Agnese, Markou, Christos, Matthews, Barnaby, Mazumdar, Anupam, McCabe, Christopher, Meister, Matthias, Mentasti, Giorgio, Menu, Jonathan, Messineo, Giuseppe, Meyer-Hoppe, Bernd, Micalizio, Salvatore, Migliaccio, Federica, Millington, Peter, Milosevic, Milan, Mishra, Abhay, Mitchell, Jeremiah, Morley, Gavin W., Mouelle, Noam, Mueller, Juergen, Newbold, David, Ni, Wei-Tou, Niehof, Christian, Noller, Johannes, Odzak, Senad, Oi, Daniel K. L., Oikonomou, Andreas, Omar, Yasser, Overstreet, Chris, Pahl, Julia, Paling, Sean, Pan, Zhongyin, Pappas, George, Pareek, Vinay, Pasatembou, Elizabeth, Paternostro, Mauro, Pathak, Vishal K., Pelucchi, Emanuele, Santos, Franck Pereira dos, Peters, Achim, Pichery, Annie, Pikovski, Igor, Pilaftsis, Apostolos, Pislan, Florentina-Crenguta, Plunkett, Robert, Poggiani, Rosa, Prevedelli, Marco, Veettil, Vishnupriya Puthiya, Rafelski, Johann, Raidal, Juhan, Raidal, Martti, Rasel, Ernst Maria, Renaux-Petel, Sebastien, Richaud, Andrea, Rivero-Antunez, Pedro, Rodzinka, Tangui, Roura, Albert, Rudolph, Jan, Sabulsky, Dylan, Safronova, Marianna S., Sakellariadou, Mairi, Salvi, Leonardo, Sameed, Muhammed, Sarkar, Sumit, Schach, Patrik, Schaeffer, Stefan Alaric, Schelfhout, Jesse, Schilling, Manuel, Schkolnik, Vladimir, Schleich, Wolfgang P., Schlippert, Dennis, Schneider, Ulrich, Schreck, Florian, Schwartzman, Ariel, Schwersenz, Nico, Sergijenko, Olga, Sfar, Haifa Rejeb, Shao, Lijing, Shipsey, Ian, Shu, Jing, Singh, Yeshpal, Sopuerta, Carlos F., Sorba, Marianna, Sorrentino, Fiodor, Spallicci, Alessandro D. A. M, Stefanescu, Petruta, Stergioulas, Nikolaos, Stoerk, Daniel, Stroehle, Jannik, Sunilkumar, Hrudya Thaivalappil, Tam, Zoie, Tandon, Dhruv, Tang, Yijun, Tell, Dorothee, Tempere, Jacques, Temples, Dylan J., Thampy, Rohit P, Tietje, Ingmari C., Tino, Guglielmo M., Tinsley, Jonathan N., Mircea, Ovidiu Tintareanu, Tkalec, Kimberly, Tolley, Andrew J., Tornatore, Vincenza, Torres-Orjuela, Alejandro, Treutlein, Philipp, Trombettoni, Andrea, Ufrecht, Christian, Urrutia, Juan, Valenzuela, Tristan, Valerio, Linda R., van der Grinten, Maurits, Vaskonen, Ville, Vazquez-Aceves, Veronica, Veermae, Hardi, Vetrano, Flavio, Vitanov, Nikolay V., von Klitzing, Wolf, Wald, Sebastian, Walker, Thomas, Walser, Reinhold, Wang, Jin, Wang, Yan, Weidner, C. A., Wenzlawski, Andr, Werner, Michael, Woerner, Lisa, Yahia, Mohamed E., Yazgan, Efe, Cruzeiro, Emmanuel Zambrini, Zarei, M., Zhan, Mingsheng, Zhang, Shengnan, Zhou, Lin, and Zupanic, Erik
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract: This summary of the second Terrestrial Very-Long-Baseline Atom Interferometry (TVLBAI) Workshop provides a comprehensive overview of our meeting held in London in April 2024, building on the initial discussions during the inaugural workshop held at CERN in March 2023. Like the summary of the first workshop, this document records a critical milestone for the international atom interferometry community. It documents our concerted efforts to evaluate progress, address emerging challenges, and refine strategic directions for future large-scale atom interferometry projects. Our commitment to collaboration is manifested by the integration of diverse expertise and the coordination of international resources, all aimed at advancing the frontiers of atom interferometry physics and technology, as set out in a Memorandum of Understanding signed by over 50 institutions., Comment: Summary of the second Terrestrial Very-Long-Baseline Atom Interferometry Workshop held at Imperial College London: https://indico.cern.ch/event/1369392/
Published: 2024

9. An Analysis of the Relationship Between the Characteristics of Innovative Consumers and the Degree of Serious Leisure in User Innovation

Author: Abe, Taichi and Morita, Yasunobu
Subjects: Economics - Econometrics
Abstract: This study examines the relationship between the concept of serious leisure and user innovation. We adopted the characteristics of innovative consumers identified by Luthje (2004)-product use experience, information exchange, and new product adoption speed-to analyze their correlation with serious leisure engagement. The analysis utilized consumer behavior survey data from the "Marketing Analysis Contest 2023" sponsored by Nomura Research Institute, examining the relationship between innovative consumer characteristics and the degree of serious leisure (Serious Leisure Inventory and Measure: SLIM). Since the contest data did not directly measure innovative consumer characteristics or serious leisure engagement, we established alternative variables for quantitative analysis. The results showed that the SLIM alternative variable had positive correlations with diverse product experiences and early adoption of new products. However, no clear relationship was found with information exchange among consumers. These findings suggest that serious leisure practice may serve as a potential antecedent to user innovation. The leisure career perspective of the serious leisure concept may capture the motivations of user innovators that Okada and Nishikawa (2019) identified.
Published: 2024

10. OGLE-2015-BLG-1609Lb: Sub-jovian planet orbiting a low-mass stellar or brown dwarf host

Author: Mróz, M. J., Poleski, R., Udalski, A., Sumi, T., Tsapras, Y., Hundertmark, M., Pietrukowicz, P., Szymański, M. K., Skowron, J., Mróz, P., Gromadzki, M., Iwanek, P., Kozłowski, S., Ratajczak, M., Rybicki, K. A., Skowron, D. M., Soszyński, I., Ulaczyk, K., Wrona, M., Abe, F., Bando, K., Bennett, D. P., Bhattacharya, A., Bond, I. A., Fukui, A., Hamada, R., Hamada, S., Hamasaki, N., Hirao, Y., Silva, S. Ishitani, Itow, Y., Koshimoto, N., Matsubara, Y., Miyazaki, S., Muraki, Y., Nagai, T., Nunota, K., Olmschenk, G., Ranc, C., Rattenbury, N. J., Satoh, Y., Suzuki, D., Terry, S. K., Tristram, P. J., Vandorou, A., Yama, H., Street, R. A., Bachelet, E., Dominik, M., Cassan, A., Jaimes, R. Figuera, Horne, K., Schmidt, R., Snodgrass, C., Wambsganss, J., Steele, I. A., Menzies, J., Jørgensen, U. G., Longa-Peña, P., Peixinho, N., Skottfelt, J., Southworth, J., Andersen, M. I., Bozza, V., Burgdorf, M. J., D'Ago, G., Hinse, T. C., Kerins, E., Korhonen, H., Küffmeier, M., Mancini, L., Rabus, M., and Rahvar, S.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: We present a comprehensive analysis of a planetary microlensing event OGLE-2015-BLG-1609. The planetary anomaly was detected by two survey telescopes, OGLE and MOA. Each of these surveys collected enough data over the planetary anomaly to allow for an unambiguous planet detection. Such survey detections of planetary anomalies are needed to build a robust sample of planets that could improve studies on the microlensing planetary occurrence rate by reducing biases and statistical uncertainties. In this work, we examined different methods for modeling microlensing events using individual datasets, particularly we incorporated a Galactic model prior to better constrain poorly defined microlensing parallax. Ultimately, we fitted a comprehensive model to all available data, identifying three potential typologies, with two showing comparably high Bayesian evidence. Our analysis indicates that the host of the planet is a brown dwarf with a probability of 34%, or a low-mass stellar object (M-dwarf) with the probability of 66%., Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2024

11. Low-Energy Nuclear Recoil Calibration of XENONnT with a $^{88}$YBe Photoneutron Source

Author: XENON Collaboration, Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Ant, D., Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Boese, K., Brown, A., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Cai, C., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Ch, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-Garc, J. J., D'Andrea, V., Garcia, L. C. Daniel, Decowski, M. P., Deisting, A., Di Donato, C., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Morabit, S. el, Elykov, A., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flehmke, T., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Ghosh, S., Giacomobono, R., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guida, M., Gyorgy, P., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Kaminaga, Y., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kharbanda, P., Kobayashi, M., Koke, D., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Liang, Z., Lin, Y. -T., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Liu, M., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Luce, T., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Marrod, T., Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Melchiorre, A., Merz, J., Messina, M., Michael, A., Miuchi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Mor, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., M, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Pan, Y., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qin, J., Ram, D., Rajado, M., Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shi, J., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Szyszka, C., Takeda, A., Takeuchi, Y., Tan, P. -L., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C. D., T, F., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Vetter, S., Solar, F. I. Villazon, Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., and Zhong, M.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Characterizing low-energy (O(1keV)) nuclear recoils near the detector threshold is one of the major challenges for large direct dark matter detectors. To that end, we have successfully used a Yttrium-Beryllium photoneutron source that emits 152 keV neutrons for the calibration of the light and charge yields of the XENONnT experiment for the first time. After data selection, we accumulated 474 events from 183 hours of exposure with this source. The expected background was $55 \pm 12$ accidental coincidence events, estimated using a dedicated 152 hour background calibration run with a Yttrium-PVC gamma-only source and data-driven modeling. From these calibrations, we extracted the light yield and charge yield for liquid xenon at our field strength of 23 V/cm between 0.5 keV$_{\rm NR}$ and 5.0 keV$_{\rm NR}$ (nuclear recoil energy in keV). This calibration is crucial for accurately measuring the solar $^8$B neutrino coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering and searching for light dark matter particles with masses below 12 GeV/c$^2$.
Published: 2024

12. Implementation and investigation of electron-nucleus scattering in NEUT neutrino event generator

Author: Abe, Seisho
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract: Understanding nuclear effects is essential for improving the sensitivity of neutrino oscillation measurements. Validating nuclear models solely through neutrino scattering data is challenging due to limited statistics and the broad energy spectrum of neutrinos. In contrast, electron scattering experiments provide abundant high-precision data with various monochromatic energies and angles. Since both neutrinos and electrons interact via electroweak interactions, the same nuclear models can be applied to simulate both interactions. Thus, high-precision electron scattering data is essential for validating the nuclear models used in neutrino experiments. To enable this, the author has newly implemented electron scattering in the \texttt{NEUT} neutrino event generator, covering two interaction modes: quasielastic (QE) and single pion production. \texttt{NEUT} predictions of QE agree well with numerical calculations, supporting the validity of this implementation. From comparisons with \texttt{NEUT} predictions and inclusive electron scattering data, the momentum-dependent binding energy correction is derived, corresponding to effects beyond the plane wave impulse approximation. The impact of this correction on neutrino interactions is also evaluated. Significant differences in charged lepton kinematics are observed, with approximately 20\,MeV of peak shift in the reconstructed neutrino energy distribution, which is important for accurately measuring neutrino oscillation parameters. It is expected to serve as a foundation for future discussions on electron scattering using \texttt{NEUT}.
Published: 2024

13. The neutron veto of the XENONnT experiment: Results with demineralized water

Author: XENON Collaboration, Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Boese, K., Brown, A., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Cai, C., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Chávez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., D'Andrea, V., Garcia, L. C. Daniel, Decowski, M. P., Deisting, A., Di Donato, C., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Morabit, S. el, Elykov, A., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flehmke, T., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Ghosh, S., Giacomobono, R., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guida, M., Gyorgy, P., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Kaminaga, Y., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koke, D., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lin, Y. -T., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Liu, M., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Luce, T., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Melchiorre, A., Merz, J., Messina, M., Michael, A., Miuchi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morá, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Pan, Y., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Rajado, M., Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shi, J., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Szyszka, C., Takeda, A., Takeuchi, Y., Tan, P. -L., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C. D., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Vetter, S., Solar, F. I. Villazon, Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., and Zhong, M.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Radiogenic neutrons emitted by detector materials are one of the most challenging backgrounds for the direct search of dark matter in the form of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). To mitigate this background, the XENONnT experiment is equipped with a novel gadolinium-doped water Cherenkov detector, which encloses the xenon dual-phase time projection chamber (TPC). The neutron veto (NV) tags neutrons via their capture on gadolinium or hydrogen, which release $\gamma$-rays that are subsequently detected as Cherenkov light. In this work, we present the key features and the first results of the XENONnT NV when operated with demineralized water in the initial phase of the experiment. Its efficiency for detecting neutrons is $(82\pm 1)\,\%$, the highest neutron detection efficiency achieved in a water Cherenkov detector. This enables a high efficiency of $(53\pm 3)\,\%$ for the tagging of WIMP-like neutron signals, inside a tagging time window of $250\,\mathrm{\mu s}$ between TPC and NV, leading to a livetime loss of $1.6\,\%$ during the first science run of XENONnT.
Published: 2024

14. Modification on thermal motion in Geant4 for neutron capture simulation in Gadolinium loaded water

Author: Hino, Y., Abe, K., Asaka, R., Han, S., Harada, M., Ishitsuka, M., Ito, H., Izumiyama, S., Kanemura, Y., Koshio, Y., Nakanishi, F., Sekiya, H., and Yano, T.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: Neutron tagging is a fundamental technique for electron anti-neutrino detection via the inverse beta decay channel. A reported discrepancy in neutron detection efficiency between observational data and simulation predictions prompted an investigation into neutron capture modeling in Geant4. The study revealed that an overestimation of the thermal motion of hydrogen atoms in Geant4 impacts the fraction of captured nuclei. By manually modifying the Geant4 implementation, the simulation results align with calculations based on evaluated nuclear data and show good agreement with observables derived from the SK-Gd data., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2024

15. Discovery and Characterization of an Eccentric, Warm Saturn Transiting the Solar Analog TOI-4994

Author: Martinez, Romy Rodriguez, Eastman, Jason D., Collins, Karen, Rodriguez, Joseph, Charbonneau, David, Quinn, Samuel, Latham, David W., Ziegler, Carl, Brahm, Rafael, Fairnington, Tyler, Ulmer-Moll, Solene, Stassun, Keivan, Suarez, Olga, Guillot, Tristan, Hobson, Melissa, Winn, Joshua N., Kanodia, Shubham, Schlecker, Martin, Butler, R. P., Crane, Jeffrey D., Shectman, Steve, Teske, Johanna K., Osip, David, Beletsky, Yuri, Battley, Matthew P., Psaridi, Angelica, Figueira, Pedro, Lendl, Monika, Bouche, Francois, Udry, Stephane, Kunimoto, Michelle, Mekarnia, Dejamel, Abe, Lyu, Trifonov, Trifonov, Pinto, Marcelo T., Eberhardt, Jan, Espinoza, Nestor, Henning, Thomas, Jordan, Andres, Rojas, Felipe I., Barkaoui, Khalid, Relles, Howard M., Srdoc, Gregor, Collins, Kevin I., Seager, Sara, Shporer, Avi, Vezie, Michael, Hedges, Christina L., and Mireles, Ismael
Subjects: Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: We present the detection and characterization of TOI-4994b (TIC 277128619b), a warm Saturn-sized planet discovered by the NASA Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). TOI-4994b transits a G-type star (V = 12.6 mag) with a mass, radius, and effective temperature of $M_{\star} =1.005^{+0.064}_{-0.061} M_{\odot}$, $R_{\star} = 1.055^{+0.040}_{-0.037} R_{\odot}$, and $T_{\rm eff} = 5640 \pm 110$ K. We obtained follow-up ground-based photometry from the Las Cumbres Observatory (LCO) and the Antarctic Search for Transiting ExoPlanets (ASTEP) telescopes, and we confirmed the planetary nature of TOI-4994b with multiple radial velocity observations from the PFS, CHIRON, HARPS, FEROS, and CORALIE instruments. From a global fit to the photometry and radial velocities, we determine that TOI-4994b is in a 21.5-day, eccentric orbit ($e = 0.32 \pm 0.04$) and has a mass of $M_{P}= 0.280^{+0.037}_{-0.034} M_{J}$, a radius of $R_{P}= 0.762^{+0.030}_{-0.027}R_{J}$, and a Saturn-like bulk density of $\rho_{p} = 0.78^{+0.16}_{-0.14}$ $\rm g/cm^3$. We find that TOI-4994 is a potentially viable candidate for follow-up stellar obliquity measurements. TOI-4994b joins the small sample of warm Saturn analogs and thus sheds light on our understanding of these rare and unique worlds., Comment: 17 pages, 10 figures. Accepted to AJ
Published: 2024

16. ComPair-2: A Next Generation Medium Energy Gamma-ray Telescope Prototype

Author: Caputo, Regina, Kierans, Carolyn, Cannady, Nicholas, Falcone, Abe, Fukazawa, Yasushi, Jadhav, Manoj, Kerr, Matthew, Kirschner, Nicholas, Kumar, Kavic, Laviron, Adrien, Leys, Richard, Liceaga-Indart, Iker, McEnery, Julie, Metcalfe, Jessica, Metzler, Zachary, Miller, Nathan, Mitchell, John, Parker, Lucas, Peric, Ivan, Perkins, Jeremy, Phlips, Bernard, Racusin, Judith, Sasaki, Makoto, Segal, Kenneth N., Shy, Daniel, Steinhebel, Amanda L., Striebig, Nicolas, Suda, Yusuke, Tajima, Hiroyasu, Valverde, Janeth, Violette, Daniel P., Woolf, Richard, and Zoglauer, Andreas
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Many questions posed in the Astro2020 Decadal survey in both the New Messengers and New Physics and the Cosmic Ecosystems science themes require a gamma-ray mission with capabilities exceeding those of existing (e.g. Fermi, Swift) and planned (e.g. COSI) observatories. ComPair, the Compton Pair telescope, is a prototype of such a next-generation gamma-ray mission. It had its inaugural balloon flight from Ft. Sumner, New Mexico in August 2023. To continue the goals of the ComPair project to develop technologies that will enable a future gamma-ray mission, the next generation of ComPair (ComPair-2) will be upgraded to increase the sensitivity and low-energy transient capabilities of the instrument. These advancements are enabled by AstroPix, a silicon monolithic active pixel sensor, in the tracker and custom dual-gain silicon photomultipliers and front-end electronics in the calorimeter. This effort builds on design work for the All-sky Medium Energy Gamma-ray Observatory eXplorer (AMEGO-X) concept that was submitted the 2021 MIDEX Announcement of Opportunity. Here we describe the ComPair-2 prototype design and integration and testing plans to advance the readiness level of these novel technologies., Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, SPIE Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation 2004 conference proceedings
Published: 2024
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17. Electrically Interconnected Platinum Nanonetworks for Flexible Electronics

Author: Baig, Sherjeel Mahmood and Abe, Hideki
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract: Flexible electronics are attracting attention due to the increasing demand for lightweight, bendable devices that can conform to various surfaces, including human skin. Although indium tin oxide (ITO) is widely used for electrical interconnection in flexible electronics, its brittleness limits its durability under repeated bending. In this study, we introduce platinum (Pt) nanonetworks as an alternative to ITO, offering superior electrical stability under intense and repeated bending conditions. Electrically interconnected Pt nanonetworks, with an average thickness below 50 nm, are fabricated on polyimide (PI) substrates through an atmospheric treatment that promotes nanophase separation in thin deposition films of a platinum-cerium (Pt-Ce) alloy, creating a nanotexture of Pt and insulating cerium dioxide (CeO2). The resulting Pt nanonetworks on PI exhibit high mechanical flexibility, maintaining a sheet resistance of approximately 2.76 kohm/sq even after 1000 bending cycles at varying diameters, down to 1.5 mm. Detailed characterization reveals critical temperature and time thresholds in the atmospheric treatment necessary to form interconnected Pt nanonetworks on solid surfaces: interconnected nanonetworks form at lower temperatures and shorter treatment times, while higher temperatures and longer treatments lead to disconnected Pt nanoislands. LCR (Inductance, Capacitance, and Resistance) measurements further show that the interconnected Pt nanonetworks exhibit inductor-like electrical responses, while disconnected Pt nanoislands display capacitor-like behavior.
Published: 2024

18. The chromatic number of random graphs: an approach using a recurrence relation

Author: Abe, Yayoi, Setoh, Ayuna, and Yoneda, Gen
Subjects: Mathematics - Combinatorics
Abstract: Finding the chromatic number of large graphs is known to be NP-hard. Although various algorithms have been developed to efficiently compute chromatic numbers, they still take an enormous amount of time for large graphs. In this paper, we propose the recurrence relation to obtain the expected value of the chromatic number of random graphs in a short time.
Published: 2024

19. Leveraging Large Language Models for Institutional Portfolio Management: Persona-Based Ensembles

Author: Abe, Yoshia, Matsuo, Shuhei, Kondo, Ryoma, and Hisano, Ryohei
Subjects: Computer Science - Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science, Computer Science - Multiagent Systems
Abstract: Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising performance in various financial applications, though their potential in complex investment strategies remains underexplored. To address this gap, we investigate how LLMs can predict price movements in stock and bond portfolios using economic indicators, enabling portfolio adjustments akin to those employed by institutional investors. Additionally, we explore the impact of incorporating different personas within LLMs, using an ensemble approach to leverage their diverse predictions. Our findings show that LLM-based strategies, especially when combined with the mode ensemble, outperform the buy-and-hold strategy in terms of Sharpe ratio during periods of rising consumer price index (CPI). However, traditional strategies are more effective during declining CPI trends or sharp market downturns. These results suggest that while LLMs can enhance portfolio management, they may require complementary strategies to optimize performance across varying market conditions., Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, submitted to The IEEE International Workshop on Large Language Models for Finance 2024
Published: 2024

20. Development of CPS Platform for Autonomous Construction

Author: Kasahara, Yuichiro, Akinari, Kota, Kouno, Tomoya, Sano, Noriko, Abe, Taro, Yamauchi, Genki, Endo, Daisuke, Hashimoto, Takeshi, Nagatani, Keiji, and Kurazume, Ryo
Subjects: Computer Science - Robotics
Abstract: In recent years, labor shortages due to the declining birthrate and aging population have become significant challenges at construction sites in developed countries, including Japan. To address these challenges, we are developing an open platform called ROS2-TMS for Construction, a Cyber-Physical System (CPS) for construction sites, to achieve both efficiency and safety in earthwork operations. In ROS2-TMS for Construction, the system comprehensively collects and stores environmental information from sensors placed throughout the construction site. Based on these data, a real-time virtual construction site is created in cyberspace. Then, based on the state of construction machinery and environmental conditions in cyberspace, the optimal next actions for actual construction machinery are determined, and the construction machinery is operated accordingly. In this project, we decided to use the Open Platform for Earthwork with Robotics and Autonomy (OPERA), developed by the Public Works Research Institute (PWRI) in Japan, to control construction machinery from ROS2-TMS for Construction with an originally extended behavior tree. In this study, we present an overview of OPERA, focusing on the newly developed navigation package for operating the crawler dump, as well as the overall structure of ROS2-TMS for Construction as a Cyber-Physical System (CPS). Additionally, we conducted experiments using a crawler dump and a backhoe to verify the aforementioned functionalities.
Published: 2024

21. Tiny yet detectable WIMP-nucleon scattering cross sections in a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone dark matter model

Author: Abe, Tomohiro and Ichiki, Kota
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We investigate a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone (pNG) dark matter (DM) model based on a gauged $SU(2)_x$ and a global $SU(2)_g$ symmetries. These symmetries are spontaneously broken to a global $U(1)_D$ symmetry by a vacuum expectation value of an $SU(2)_x \times SU(2)_g$ bi-fundamental scalar field. The global $SU(2)_g$ symmetry is also softly broken to a global $U(1)_D$ symmetry. Under the setup, a complex pNG boson arises. It is stabilized by $U(1)_D$ and is a DM candidate. Its scattering cross section off a nucleon is highly suppressed by small momentum transfer and thus evades the stringent constraints from DM direct detection experiments. Assuming all the couplings in the dark sector are real, a discrete symmetry arises. Consequently, in addition to the pNG DM, the lighter one of an $SU(2)_x$ gauge boson $V^0$ and a CP-odd scalar boson $a_0$ from the bi-fundamental scalar field can also serve as a DM candidate. Therefore, the model provides two-component DM scenarios. We find that the relic abundance of the DM candidates explains the measured value of the DM energy density. We also find that the pNG DM is the dominant DM component in large regions of the parameter space. In contrast to the pNG DM, both $V^0$ and $a_0$ scatter off a nucleon, and their scattering cross sections are not suppressed. However, their scattering event rates are suppressed by their number densities. Thus, the scattering cross section is effectively reduced. We show that the effective WIMP-nucleon scattering cross sections in the two-component scenarios are smaller than the current upper bounds and above the neutrino fog., Comment: 36 pages, 13 figures
Published: 2024

22. Search for Light Dark Matter in Low-Energy Ionization Signals from XENONnT

Author: Aprile, E., Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Martin, D. Antón, Arneodo, F., Baudis, L., Bazyk, M., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Bismark, A., Boese, K., Brown, A., Bruno, G., Budnik, R., Cai, C., Capelli, C., Cardoso, J. M. R., Chávez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., D'Andrea, V., Garcia, L. C. Daniel, Decowski, M. P., Deisting, A., Di Donato, C., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Eitel, K., Morabit, S. el, Elykov, A., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flehmke, T., Flierman, M., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Ghosh, S., Giacomobono, R., Glade-Beucke, R., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Guan, H., Guida, M., Gyorgy, P., Hammann, R., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hoetzsch, L., Hood, N. F., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., Joerg, F., Kaminaga, Y., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Kobayashi, M., Koke, D., Kopec, A., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Lin, Y. -T., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Liu, M., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Luce, T., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Melchiorre, A., Merz, J., Messina, M., Michael, A., Miuchi, K., Molinario, A., Moriyama, S., Morå, K., Mosbacher, Y., Murra, M., Müller, J., Ni, K., Oberlack, U., Paetsch, B., Pan, Y., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Peters, C., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qin, J., García, D. Ramírez, Rajado, M., Singh, R., Sanchez, L., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sarnoff, I., Sartorelli, G., Schreiner, J., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Shi, S., Shi, J., Silva, M., Simgen, H., Szyszka, C., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Thers, D., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Tunnell, C. D., Tönnies, F., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Vetter, S., Solar, F. I. Villazon, Volta, G., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wittweg, C., Wu, V. H. S., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., and Zhong, M.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: We report on a blinded search for dark matter with single- and few-electron signals in the first science run of XENONnT relying on a novel detector response framework that is physics-model-dependent. We derive 90\% confidence upper limits for dark matter-electron interactions. Heavy and light mediator cases are considered for the standard halo model and dark matter up-scattered in the Sun. We set stringent new limits on dark matter-electron scattering via a heavy mediator with a mass within 10-20\,MeV/$c^2$ and electron absorption of axion-like particles and dark photons for $m_\chi$ below 0.186\,keV/$c^2$., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2024

23. KMT-2021-BLG-0284, KMT-2022-BLG-2480, and KMT-2024-BLG-0412: Three microlensing events involving two lens masses and two source stars

Author: Han, Cheongho, Udalski, Andrzej, Bond, Ian A., Lee, Chung-Uk, Gould, Andrew, Albrow, Michael D., Chung, Sun-Ju, Hwang, Kyu-Ha, Jung, Youn Kil, Ryu, Yoon-Hyun, Shvartzvald, Yossi, Shin, In-Gu, Yee, Jennifer C., Yang, Hongjing, Zang, Weicheng, Cha, Sang-Mok, Kim, Doeon, Kim, Dong-Jin, Kim, Seung-Lee, Lee, Dong-Joo, Lee, Yongseok, Park, Byeong-Gon, Pogge, Richard W., Mróz, Przemek, Szymański, Michał K., Skowron, Jan, Poleski, Radosław, Soszyński, Igor, Pietrukowicz, Paweł, Kozłowski, Szymon, Rybicki, Krzysztof A., Iwanek, Patryk, Ulaczyk, Krzysztof, Wrona, Marcin, Gromadzki, Mariusz, Mróz, Mateusz J., Abe, Fumio, Barry, Richard, Bennett, David P., Bhattacharya, Aparna, Fujii, Hirosame, Fukui, Akihiko, Hamada, Ryusei, Hirao, Yuki, Silva, Stela Ishitani, Itow, Yoshitaka, Kirikawa, Rintaro, Koshimoto, Naoki, Matsubara, Yutaka, Miyazaki, Shota, Muraki, Yasushi, Olmschenk, Greg, Ranc, Clément, Rattenbury, Nicholas J., Satoh, Yuki, Sumi, Takahiro, Suzuki, Daisuke, Tomoyoshi, Mio, Tristram, Paul J., Vandorou, Aikaterini, Yama, Hibiki, and Yamashita, Kansuke
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: We carried out a project involving the systematic analysis of microlensing data from the Korea Microlensing Telescope Network survey. The aim of this project is to identify lensing events with complex anomaly features that are difficult to explain using standard binary-lens or binary-source models. Our investigation reveals that the light curves of microlensing events KMT-2021-BLG-0284, KMT-2022-BLG-2480, and KMT-2024-BLG-0412 display highly complex patterns with three or more anomaly features. These features cannot be adequately explained by a binary-lens (2L1S) model alone. However, the 2L1S model can effectively describe certain segments of the light curve. By incorporating an additional source into the modeling, we identified a comprehensive model that accounts for all the observed anomaly features. Bayesian analysis, based on constraints provided by lensing observables, indicates that the lenses of KMT-2021-BLG-0284 and KMT-2024-BLG-0412 are binary systems composed of M dwarfs. For KMT-2022-BLG-2480, the primary lens is an early K-type main-sequence star with an M dwarf companion. The lenses of KMT-2021-BLG-0284 and KMT-2024-BLG-0412 are likely located in the bulge, whereas the lens of KMT-2022-BLG-2480 is more likely situated in the disk. In all events, the binary stars of the sources have similar magnitudes due to a detection bias favoring binary source events with a relatively bright secondary source star, which increases detection efficiency., Comment: 9 pages, 9 figures
Published: 2024

24. A halo model approach for mock catalogs of time-variable strong gravitational lenses

Author: Abe, Katsuya T., Oguri, Masamune, Birrer, Simon, Khadka, Narayan, Marshall, Philip J., Lemon, Cameron, More, Anupreeta, and Collaboration, the LSST Dark Energy Science
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Time delays in both galaxy- and cluster-scale strong gravitational lenses have recently attracted a lot of attention in the context of the Hubble tension. Future wide-field cadenced surveys, such as the LSST, are anticipated to discover strong lenses across various scales. We generate mock catalogs of strongly lensed QSOs and SNe on galaxy-, group-, and cluster-scales based on a halo model that incorporates dark matter halos, galaxies, and subhalos. For the upcoming LSST survey, we predict that approximately 3500 lensed QSOs and 200 lensed SNe with resolved multiple images will be discovered. Among these, about 80 lensed QSOs and 10 lensed SNe will have maximum image separations larger than 10 arcsec, which roughly correspond to cluster-scale strong lensing. We find that adopting the Chabrier stellar IMF instead of the fiducial Salpeter IMF reduces the predicted number of strong lenses approximately by half, while the distributions of lens and source redshifts and image separations are not significantly changed. In addition to mock catalogs of multiple-image lens systems, we create mock catalogs of highly magnified systems, including both multiple-image and single-image systems. We find that such highly magnified systems are typically produced by massive galaxies, but non-negligible fraction of them are located in the outskirt of galaxy groups and clusters. Furthermore, we compare subsamples of our mock catalogs with lensed QSO samples constructed from the SDSS and Gaia to find that our mock catalogs with the fiducial Salpeter IMF reproduce the observation quite well. In contrast, our mock catalogs with the Chabrier IMF predict a significantly smaller number of lensed QSOs compared with observations, which adds evidence that the stellar IMF of massive galaxies is Salpeter-like. Our python code SL-Hammocks as well as the mock catalogs are made available online. (abridged), Comment: 26 pages, 20 figures, 3 tables, the code available at https://github.com/LSSTDESC/SL-Hammocks and the mock catalogs available at https://github.com/LSST-strong-lensing/data_public
Published: 2024

25. Insights from the first flaring activity of a high-synchrotron-peaked blazar with X-ray polarization and VHE gamma rays

Author: Abe, K., Abe, S., Abhir, J., Abhishek, A., Acciari, V. A., Aguasca-Cabot, A., Agudo, I., Aniello, T., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Arcaro, C., Asano, K., Babić, A., de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Barrios-Jiménez, L., Batković, I., Baxter, J., González, J. Becerra, Bednarek, W., Bernardini, E., Bernete, J., Berti, A., Besenrieder, J., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bošnjak, Ž., Bronzini, E., Burelli, I., Campoy-Ordaz, A., Carosi, A., Carosi, R., Carretero-Castrillo, M., Castro-Tirado, A. J., Cerasole, D., Ceribella, G., Chai, Y., Chilingarian, A., Cifuentes, A., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Ammando, F., D'Amico, G., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., de Menezes, R., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Mendez, C. Delgado, Di Pierro, F., Di Tria, R., Di Venere, L., Dinesh, A., Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Eisenberger, L., Elsaesser, D., Escudero, J., Fariña, L., Foffano, L., Font, L., Fröse, S., Fukazawa, Y., López, R. J. García, Garczarczyk, M., Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Paiva, J. G. Giesbrecht, Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinović, N., Gradetzke, T., Grau, R., Green, D., Green, J. G., Günther, P., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Heckmann, L., Llorente, J. Herrera, Hrupec, D., Imazawa, R., Israyelyan, D., Itokawa, T., Martínez, I. Jiménez, Quiles, J. Jiménez, Jormanainen, J., Kankkunen, S., Kayanoki, T., Kerszberg, D., Khachatryan, M., Kluge, G. W., Kobayashi, Y., Konrad, J., Kouch, P. M., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Láinez, M., Lamastra, A., Lindfors, E., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López-Coto, R., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Lorini, A., Lyard, E., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Manganaro, M., Mangano, S., Mannheim, K., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Maruševec, P., Mas-Aguilar, A., Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Miceli, D., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., González, M. Molero, Molina, E., Mondal, H. A., Moralejo, A., Nakamori, T., Nanci, C., Neustroev, V., Nickel, L., Rosillo, M. Nievas, Nigro, C., Nikolić, L., Nilsson, K., Nishijima, K., Ekoume, T. Njoh, Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Okumura, A., Paiano, S., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Peresano, M., Persic, M., Pihet, M., Pirola, G., Podobnik, F., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Principe, G., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Saturni, F. G., Schmuckermaier, F., Schubert, J. L., Sciaccaluga, A., Silvestri, G., Sitarek, J., Sliusar, V., Sobczynska, D., Stamerra, A., Strišković, J., Strom, D., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Tajima, H., Takahashi, M., Takeishi, R., Temnikov, P., Terauchi, K., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Truzzi, S., Tutone, A., Ubach, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Ventura, S., Verna, G., Viale, I., Vigliano, A., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Vovk, I., Walter, R., Wersig, F., Will, M., Yamamoto, T., Yeung, P. K. H., Liodakis, I., Middei, R., Kiehlmann, S., Gesu, L. D., Kim, D. E., Ehlert, S. R., Saade, M. L., Kaaret, P., Maksym, W. P., Chen, C. T., Pérez, I. De La Calle, Perri, M., Verrecchia, F., Domann, O., Dürr, S., Feige, M., Heidemann, M., Koppitz, O., Manhalter, G., Reinhart, D., Steineke, R., Lorey, C., McCall, C., Jermak, H. E., Steele, I. A., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Otero-Santos, J., Morcuende, D., Aceituno, F. J., Casanova, V., Sota, A., Jorstad, S. G., Marscher, A. P., Pauley, C., Sasada, M., Kawabata, K. S., Uemura, M., Mizuno, T., Nakaoka, T., Akitaya, H., Myserlis, I., Gurwell, M., Keating, G. K., Rao, R., Angelakis, E., and Kraus, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: We study a flaring activity of the HSP Mrk421 that was characterized from radio to very-high-energy (VHE; E $>0.1$TeV) gamma rays with MAGIC, Fermi-LAT, Swift, XMM-Newton and several optical and radio telescopes. These observations included, for the first time for a gamma-ray flare of a blazar, simultaneous X-ray polarization measurements with IXPE. We find substantial variability in both X-rays and VHE gamma rays throughout the campaign, with the highest VHE flux above 0.2 TeV occurring during the IXPE observing window, and exceeding twice the flux of the Crab Nebula. However, the VHE and X-ray spectra are on average softer, and the correlation between these two bands weaker that those reported in previous flares of Mrk421. IXPE reveals an X-ray polarization degree significantly higher than that at radio and optical frequencies. The X-ray polarization angle varies by $\sim$100$^\circ$ on timescales of days, and the polarization degree changes by more than a factor 4. The highest X-ray polarization degree reaches 26%, around which a X-ray counter-clockwise hysteresis loop is measured with XMM-Newton. It suggests that the X-ray emission comes from particles close to the high-energy cutoff, hence possibly probing an extreme case of the Turbulent Extreme Multi-Zone model. We model the broadband emission with a simplified stratified jet model throughout the flare. The polarization measurements imply an electron distribution in the X-ray emitting region with a very high minimum Lorentz factor, which is expected in electron-ion plasma, as well as a variation of the emitting region size up to a factor of three during the flaring activity. We find no correlation between the fluxes and the evolution of the model parameters, which indicates a stochastic nature of the underlying physical mechanism. Such behaviour would be expected in a highly turbulent electron-ion plasma crossing a shock front., Comment: Submitted to Astronomy and Astrophysics. Corresponding authors: Axel Arbet-Engels, Lea Heckmann, David Paneque
Published: 2024

26. Multi-wavelength study of OT 081: broadband modelling of a transitional blazar

Author: MAGIC Collaboration, Abe, H., Abe, S., Acciari, V. A., Agudo, I., Aniello, T., Ansoldi, S., Antonelli, L. A., Engels, A. Arbet, Arcaro, C., Artero, M., Asano, K., Baack, D., Babić, A., Baquero, A., de Almeida, U. Barres, Batković, I., Baxter, J., Bernardini, E., Bernardos, M., Bernete, J., Berti, A., Bigongiari, C., Biland, A., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bošnjak, Ž., Burelli, I., Busetto, G., Campoy-Ordaz, A., Carosi, A., Carosi, R., Carretero-Castrillo, M., Castro-Tirado, A. J., Chai, Y., Cifuentes, A., Cikota, S., Colombo, E., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Covino, S., D'Amico, G., D'Elia, V., Da Vela, P., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., De Lotto, B., Del Popolo, A., Delfino, M., Delgado, J., Mendez, C. Delgado, Depaoli, D., Di Pierro, F., Di Venere, L., Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Elsaesser, D., Emery, G., Escudero, J., Fariña, L., Fattorini, A., Foffano, L., Font, L., Fukami, S., Fukazawa, Y., López, R. J. García, Gasparyan, S., Gaug, M., Paiva, J. G. Giesbrecht, Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Grau, R., Green, J. G., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Heckmann, L., Herrera, J., Hrupec, D., Hütten, M., Imazawa, R., Inada, T., Iotov, R., Ishio, K., Martínez, I. Jiménez, Jormanainen, J., Kerszberg, D., Kluge, G. W., Kobayashi, Y., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lezáun, M. Láinez, Lamastra, A., Leone, F., Lindfors, E., Linhoff, L., Lombardi, S., Longo, F., López-Moya, M., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Lorini, A., Fraga, B. Machado de Oliveira, Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Maneva, G., Mang, N., Manganaro, M., Mangano, S., Mannheim, K., Mariotti, M., Martínez, M., Mas-Aguilar, A., Mazin, D., Menchiari, S., Mender, S., Mićanović, S., Miceli, D., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Molina, E., Mondal, H. A., Morcuende, D., Nanci, C., Neustroev, V., Nigro, C., Nishijima, K., Ekoume, T. Njoh, Noda, K., Nozaki, S., Ohtani, Y., Otero-Santos, J., Paiano, S., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pavletić, L., Persic, M., Pihet, M., Pirola, G., Podobnik, F., Moroni, P. G. Prada, Prandini, E., Principe, G., Priyadarshi, C., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Rico, J., Righi, C., Sahakyan, N., Saito, T., Satalecka, K., Saturni, F. G., Schleicher, B., Schmidt, K., Schmuckermaier, F., Schubert, J. L., Schweizer, T., Sitarek, J., Spolon, A., Stamerra, A., Strišković, J., Strom, D., Suda, Y., Surić, T., Suutarinen, S., Tajima, H., Takahashi, M., Takeishi, R., Tavecchio, F., Temnikov, P., Terzić, T., Teshima, M., Tosti, L., Truzzi, S., Ubach, S., van Scherpenberg, J., Ventura, S., Verguilov, V., Viale, I., Vigorito, C. F., Vitale, V., Walter, R., Yamamoto, T., Collaborators, Benkhali, F. Ait, Becherini, Y., Bi, B., Böttcher, M., Bolmont, J., Brown, A., Bulik, T., Casanova, S., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chibueze, J., Chibueze, O., Egberts, K., Einecke, S., Ernenwein, J. -P., Fontaine, G., Gabici, S., Goswami, P., Holler, M., Jamrozy, M., Joshi, V., Kasai, E., Katarzyński, K., Khatoon, R., Khélifi, B., Kluzniak, W., Kosack, K., Stum, S. Le, Lemière, A., Marx, R., Moderski, R., Moghadam, M. O., de Naurois, M., Niemiec, J., O'Brien, P., Ostrowski, M., Peron, G., Pita, S., Pühlhofer, G., Quirrenbach, A., Rudak, B., Sahakian, V., Sanchez, D. A., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schutte, H. M., Seglar-Arroyo, M., Shapopi, J. N. S., Steenkamp, R., Steppa, C., Suzuki, H., Tanaka, T., Tluczykont, M., Venter, C., Wagner, S. J., Wierzcholska, A., Zdziarski, A. A., Żywucka, N., Collaboration, Fermi-LAT, González, J. Becerra, Ciprini, S., Venters, T. M., collaborators, MWL, D'Ammando, F., Esteban-Gutiérrez, A., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Filippenko, A. V., Hovatta, T., Jermak, H., Jorstad, S., Kiehlmann, S., Lähteenmäki, A., Larionov, V. M., Larionova, E., Marscher, A. P., Morozova, D., Max-Moerbeck, W., Readhead, A. C. S., Reeves, R., Steele, I. A., Tornikoski, M., Verrecchia, F., Xiao, H., and Zheng, W.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: OT 081 is a well-known, luminous blazar that is remarkably variable in many energy bands. We present the first broadband study of the source which includes very-high-energy (VHE, $E>$100\,GeV) $\gamma$-ray data taken by the MAGIC and H.E.S.S. imaging Cherenkov telescopes. The discovery of VHE $\gamma$-ray emission happened during a high state of $\gamma$-ray activity in July 2016, observed by many instruments from radio to VHE $\gamma$-rays. We identify four states of activity of the source, one of which includes VHE $\gamma$-ray emission. Variability in the VHE domain is found on daily timescales. The intrinsic VHE spectrum can be described by a power-law with index $3.27\pm0.44_{\rm stat}\pm0.15_{\rm sys}$ (MAGIC) and $3.39\pm0.58_{\rm stat}\pm0.64_{\rm sys}$ (H.E.S.S.) in the energy range of 55--300\,GeV and 120--500\,GeV, respectively. The broadband emission cannot be sucessfully reproduced by a simple one-zone synchrotron self-Compton model. Instead, an additional external Compton component is required. We test a lepto-hadronic model that reproduces the dataset well and a proton-synchrotron dominated model that requires an extreme proton luminosity. Emission models that are able to successfully represent the data place the emitting region well outside of the Broad Line Region (BLR) to a location at which the radiative environment is dominated by the infrared thermal radiation field of the dusty torus. In the scenario described by this flaring activity, the source appears to be an FSRQ, in contrast with past categorizations. This suggests that the source can be considered to be a transitional blazar, intermediate between BL~Lac and FSRQ objects., Comment: Accepted on MNRAS Corresponding authors: M. Manganaro, J. Becerra Gonz\'alez, M. Seglar-Arroyo, D. A. Sanchez
Published: 2024

27. A new method of reconstructing images of gamma-ray telescopes applied to the LST-1 of CTAO

Author: Project, CTA-LST, Abe, K., Abe, S., Abhishek, A., Acero, F., Aguasca-Cabot, A., Agudo, I., Alispach, C., Crespo, N. Alvarez, Ambrosino, D., Antonelli, L. A., Aramo, C., Arbet-Engels, A., Arcaro, C., Asano, K., Aubert, P., Baktash, A., Balbo, M., Bamba, A., Larriva, A. Baquero, de Almeida, U. Barres, Barrio, J. A., Jiménez, L. Barrios, Batkovic, I., Baxter, J., González, J. Becerra, Bernardini, E., Medrano, J. Bernete, Berti, A., Bezshyiko, I., Bhattacharjee, P., Bigongiari, C., Bissaldi, E., Blanch, O., Bonnoli, G., Bordas, P., Borkowski, G., Brunelli, G., Bulgarelli, A., Burelli, I., Burmistrov, L., Buscemi, M., Cardillo, M., Caroff, S., Carosi, A., Carrasco, M. S., Cassol, F., Castrejón, N., Cauz, D., Cerasole, D., Ceribella, G., Chai, Y., Cheng, K., Chiavassa, A., Chikawa, M., Chon, G., Chytka, L., Cicciari, G. M., Cifuentes, A., Contreras, J. L., Cortina, J., Costantini, H., Da Vela, P., Dalchenko, M., Dazzi, F., De Angelis, A., de Lavergne, M. de Bony, De Lotto, B., de Menezes, R., Del Burgo, R., Del Peral, L., Delgado, C., Mengual, J. Delgado, della Volpe, D., Dellaiera, M., Di Piano, A., Di Pierro, F., Di Tria, R., Di Venere, L., Díaz, C., Dominik, R. M., Prester, D. Dominis, Donini, A., Dorner, D., Doro, M., Eisenberger, L., Elsässer, D., Emery, G., Escudero, J., Ramazani, V. Fallah, Ferrarotto, F., Fiasson, A., Foffano, L., Coromina, L. Freixas, Fröse, S., Fukazawa, Y., López, R. Garcia, Gasbarra, C., Gasparrini, D., Geyer, D., Paiva, J. Giesbrecht, Giglietto, N., Giordano, F., Gliwny, P., Godinovic, N., Grau, R., Green, D., Green, J., Gunji, S., Günther, P., Hackfeld, J., Hadasch, D., Hahn, A., Hassan, T., Hayashi, K., Heckmann, L., Heller, M., Llorente, J. Herrera, Hirotani, K., Hoffmann, D., Horns, D., Houles, J., Hrabovsky, M., Hrupec, D., Hui, D., Iarlori, M., Imazawa, R., Inada, T., Inome, Y., Inoue, S., Ioka, K., Iori, M., Iuliano, A., Martinez, I. Jimenez, Quiles, J. Jimenez, Jurysek, J., Kagaya, M., Kalashev, O., Karas, V., Katagiri, H., Kataoka, J., Kerszberg, D., Kobayashi, Y., Kohri, K., Kong, A., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Lainez, M., Lamanna, G., Lamastra, A., Lemoigne, L., Linhoff, M., Longo, F., López-Coto, R., López-Oramas, A., Loporchio, S., Lorini, A., Bahilo, J. Lozano, Luciani, H., Luque-Escamilla, P. L., Majumdar, P., Makariev, M., Mallamaci, M., Mandat, D., Manganaro, M., Manicò, G., Mannheim, K., Marchesi, S., Mariotti, M., Marquez, P., Marsella, G., Martí, J., Martinez, O., Martínez, G., Martínez, M., Mas-Aguilar, A., Maurin, G., Mazin, D., Méndez-Gallego, J., Guillen, E. Mestre, Micanovic, S., Miceli, D., Miener, T., Miranda, J. M., Mirzoyan, R., Mizuno, T., Gonzalez, M. Molero, Molina, E., Montaruli, T., Moralejo, A., Morcuende, D., Morselli, A., Moya, V., Muraishi, H., Nagataki, S., Nakamori, T., Neronov, A., Nickel, L., Rosillo, M. Nievas, Nikolic, L., Nishijima, K., Noda, K., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nozaki, S., Ohishi, M., Ohtani, Y., Oka, T., Okumura, A., Orito, R., Otero-Santos, J., Ottanelli, P., Owen, E., Palatiello, M., Paneque, D., Pantaleo, F. R., Paoletti, R., Paredes, J. M., Pech, M., Pecimotika, M., Peresano, M., Pfeifle, F., Pietropaolo, E., Pihet, M., Pirola, G., Plard, C., Podobnik, F., Pons, E., Prandini, E., Priyadarshi, C., Prouza, M., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Rhode, W., Ribó, M., Righi, C., Rizi, V., Fernandez, G. Rodriguez, Frías, M. D. Rodríguez, Ruina, A., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Saito, T., Sakurai, S., Sanchez, D. A., Sano, H., Šarić, T., Sato, Y., Saturni, F. G., Savchenko, V., Schiavone, F., Schleicher, B., Schmuckermaier, F., Schubert, J. L., Schussler, F., Schweizer, T., Arroyo, M. Seglar, Siegert, T., Sitarek, J., Sliusar, V., Strišković, J., Strzys, M., Suda, Y., Tajima, H., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, M., Takata, J., Takeishi, R., Tam, P. H. T., Tanaka, S. J., Tateishi, D., Tavernier, T., Temnikov, P., Terada, Y., Terauchi, K., Terzic, T., Teshima, M., Tluczykont, M., Tokanai, F., Torres, D. F., Travnicek, P., Tutone, A., Vacula, M., Vallania, P., van Scherpenberg, J., Acosta, M. Vázquez, Ventura, S., Verna, G., Viale, I., Vigliano, A., Vigorito, C. F., Visentin, E., Vitale, V., Voitsekhovskyi, V., Voutsinas, G., Vovk, I., Vuillaume, T., Walter, R., Wan, L., Will, M., Wójtowicz, J., Yamamoto, T., Yamazaki, R., Yeung, P. K. H., Yoshida, T., Yoshikoshi, T., Zhang, W., and Zywucka, N.
Subjects: Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: Imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) are used to observe very high-energy photons from the ground. Gamma rays are indirectly detected through the Cherenkov light emitted by the air showers they induce. The new generation of experiments, in particular the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO), sets ambitious goals for discoveries of new gamma-ray sources and precise measurements of the already discovered ones. To achieve these goals, both hardware and data analysis must employ cutting-edge techniques. This also applies to the LST-1, the first IACT built for the CTAO, which is currently taking data on the Canary island of La Palma. This paper introduces a new event reconstruction technique for IACT data, aiming to improve the image reconstruction quality and the discrimination between the signal and the background from misidentified hadrons and electrons. The technique models the development of the extensive air shower signal, recorded as a waveform per pixel, seen by CTAO telescopes' cameras. Model parameters are subsequently passed to random forest regressors and classifiers to extract information on the primary particle. The new reconstruction was applied to simulated data and to data from observations of the Crab Nebula performed by the LST-1. The event reconstruction method presented here shows promising performance improvements. The angular and energy resolution, and the sensitivity, are improved by 10 to 20% over most of the energy range. At low energy, improvements reach up to 22%, 47%, and 50%, respectively. A future extension of the method to stereoscopic analysis for telescope arrays will be the next important step., Comment: Accepted in A&A
Published: 2024
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28. The Ni isotopic composition of Ryugu reveals a common accretion region for carbonaceous chondrites

Author: Spitzer, Fridolin, Kleine, Thorsten, Burkhardt, Christoph, Hopp, Timo, Yokoyama, Tetsuya, Abe, Yoshinari, Aléon, Jérôme, Alexander, Conel M. O'D., Amari, Sachiko, Amelin, Yuri, Bajo, Ken-ichi, Bizzarro, Martin, Bouvier, Audrey, Carlson, Richard W., Chaussidon, Marc, Choi, Byeon-Gak, Dauphas, Nicolas, Davis, Andrew M., Di Rocco, Tommaso, Fujiya, Wataru, Fukai, Ryota, Gautam, Ikshu, Haba, Makiko K., Hibiya, Yuki, Hidaka, Hiroshi, Homma, Hisashi, Hoppe, Peter, Huss, Gary R., Ichida, Kiyohiro, Iizuka, Tsuyoshi, Ireland, Trevor R., Ishikawa, Akira, Itoh, Shoichi, Kawasaki, Noriyuki, Kita, Noriko T., Kitajima, Kouki, Komatani, Shintaro, Krot, Alexander N., Liu, Ming-Chang, Masuda, Yuki, Morita, Mayu, Moynier, Fréderic, Motomura, Kazuko, Nakai, Izumi, Nagashima, Kazuhide, Nguyen, Ann, Nittler, Larry, Onose, Morihiko, Pack, Andreas, Park, Changkun, Piani, Laurette, Qin, Liping, Russell, Sara S., Sakamoto, Naoya, Schönbächler, Maria, Tafla, Lauren, Tang, Haolan, Terada, Kentaro, Terada, Yasuko, Usui, Tomohiro, Wada, Sohei, Wadhwa, Meenakshi, Walker, Richard J., Yamashita, Katsuyuki, Yin, Qing-Zhu, Yoneda, Shigekazu, Young, Edward D., Yui, Hiroharu, Zhang, Ai-Cheng, Nakamura, Tomoki, Naraoka, Hiroshi, Noguchi, Takaaki, Okazaki, Ryuji, Sakamoto, Kanako, Yabuta, Hikaru, Abe, Masanao, Miyazaki, Akiko, Nakato, Aiko, Nishimura, Masahiro, Okada, Tatsuaki, Yada, Toru, Yogata, Kasumi, Nakazawa, Satoru, Saiki, Takanao, Tanaka, Satoshi, Terui, Fuyuto, Tsuda, Yuichi, Watanabe, Sei-ichiro, Yoshikawa, Makoto, Tachibana, Shogo, and Yurimoto, Hisayoshi
Subjects: Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: The isotopic compositions of samples returned from Cb-type asteroid Ryugu and Ivuna-type (CI) chondrites are distinct from other carbonaceous chondrites, which has led to the suggestion that Ryugu and CI chondrites formed in a different region of the accretion disk, possibly around the orbits of Uranus and Neptune. We show that, like for Fe, Ryugu and CI chondrites also have indistinguishable Ni isotope anomalies, which differ from those of other carbonaceous chondrites. We propose that this unique Fe and Ni isotopic composition reflects different accretion efficiencies of small FeNi metal grains among the carbonaceous chondrite parent bodies. The CI chondrites incorporated these grains more efficiently, possibly because they formed at the end of the disk's lifetime, when planetesimal formation was also triggered by photoevaporation of the disk. Isotopic variations among carbonaceous chondrites may thus reflect fractionation of distinct dust components from a common reservoir, implying CI chondrites and Ryugu may have formed in the same region of the accretion disk as other carbonaceous chondrites., Comment: Published open access in Science Advances
Published: 2024
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29. Search for proton decay via $p\rightarrow{e^+\eta}$ and $p\rightarrow{\mu^+\eta}$ with a 0.37 Mton-year exposure of Super-Kamiokande

Author: Collaboration, Super-Kamiokande, Taniuchi, N., Abe, K., Abe, S., Asaoka, Y., Bronner, C., Harada, M., Hayato, Y., Hiraide, K., Hosokawa, K., Ieki, K., Ikeda, M., Kameda, J., Kanemura, Y., Kaneshima, R., Kashiwagi, Y., Kataoka, Y., Miki, S., Mine, S., Miura, M., Moriyama, S., Nakahata, M., Nakayama, S., Noguchi, Y., Pronost, G., Okamoto, K., Sato, K., Sekiya, H., Shiba, H., Shimizu, K., Shiozawa, M., Sonoda, Y., Suzuki, Y., Takeda, A., Takemoto, Y., Takenaka, A., Tanaka, H., Watanabe, S., Yano, T., Kajita, T., Okumura, K., Tashiro, T., Tomiya, T., Wang, X., Yoshida, S., Megias, G. D., Fernandez, P., Labarga, L., Ospina, N., Zaldivar, B., Pointon, B. W., Kearns, E., Mirabito, J., Raaf, J. L., Wan, L., Wester, T., Bian, J., Griskevich, N. J., Kropp, W. R., Locke, S., Smy, M. B., Sobel, H. W., Takhistov, V., Yankelevich, A., Hill, J., Jang, M. C., Kim, J. Y., Lee, S. H., Lim, I. T., Moon, D. H., Park, R. G., Yang, B. S., Bodur, B., Scholberg, K., Walter, C. W., Beauchêne, A., Bernard, L., Coffani, A., Drapier, O., Hedri, S. El, Giampaolo, A., Mueller, Th. A., Santos, A. D., Paganini, P., Rogly, R., Nakamura, T., Jang, J. S., Machado, L. N., Learned, J. G., Choi, K., Iovine, N., Cao, S., Anthony, L. H. V., Martin, D., Prouse, N. W., Scott, M., Sztuc, A. A., Uchida, Y., Berardi, V., Calabria, N. F., Catanesi, M. G., Radicioni, E., Langella, A., De Rosa, G., Collazuol, G., Feltre, M., Iacob, F., Lamoureux, M., Mattiazzi, M., Ludovici, L., Gonin, M., Périssé, L., Quilain, B., Fujisawa, C., Horiuchi, S., Kobayashi, M., Liu, Y. M., Maekawa, Y., Nishimura, Y., Okazaki, R., Akutsu, R., Friend, M., Hasegawa, T., Ishida, T., Kobayashi, T., Jakkapu, M., Matsubara, T., Nakadaira, T., Nakamura, K., Oyama, Y., Yrey, A. Portocarrero, Sakashita, K., Sekiguchi, T., Tsukamoto, T., Bhuiyan, N., Boschi, T., Burton, G. T., Di Lodovico, F., Gao, J., Goldsack, A., Katori, T., Migenda, J., Ramsden, R. M., Taani, M., Xie, Z., Zsoldos, S., Kotsar, Y., Ozaki, H., Suzuki, A. T., Takagi, Y., Takeuchi, Y., Yamamoto, S., Zhong, H., Feng, J., Feng, L., Han, S., Hu, J. R., Hu, Z., Kawaue, M., Kikawa, T., Mori, M., Nakaya, T., Wendell, R. A., Yasutome, K., Jenkins, S. J., McCauley, N., Mehta, P., Tarrant, A., Wilking, M. J., Fukuda, Y., Itow, Y., Menjo, H., Ninomiya, K., Yoshioka, Y., Lagoda, J., Mandal, M., Mijakowski, P., Prabhu, Y. S., Zalipska, J., Jia, M., Jiang, J., Jung, C. K., Shi, W., Yanagisawa, C., Hino, Y., Ishino, H., Ito, S., Kitagawa, H., Koshio, Y., Ma, W., Nakanishi, F., Sakai, S., Tada, T., Tano, T., Ishizuka, T., Barr, G., Barrow, D., Cook, L., Samani, S., Wark, D., Holin, A., Nova, F., Jung, S., Yang, J. Y., Yoo, J., Fannon, J. E. P., Kneale, L., Malek, M., McElwee, J. M., Stone, O., Stowell, P., Thiesse, M. D., Thompson, L. F., Wilson, S. T., Okazawa, H., Lakshmi, S. M., Kim, S. B., Kwon, E., Lee, M. W., Seo, J. W., Yu, I., Ichikawa, A. K., Nakamura, K. D., Tairafune, S., Nishijima, K., Koshiba, M., Eguchi, A., Goto, S., Iwamoto, K., Mizuno, Y., Muro, T., Nakagiri, K., Nakajima, Y., Shima, S., Watanabe, E., Yokoyama, M., de Perio, P., Fujita, S., Jesús-Valls, C., Martens, K., Marti, Ll., Tsui, K. M., Vagins, M. R., Xia, J., Izumiyama, S., Kuze, M., Matsumoto, R., Terada, K., Asaka, R., Inomoto, M., Ishitsuka, M., Ito, H., Kinoshita, T., Ommura, Y., Shigeta, N., Shinoki, M., Suganuma, T., Yamauchi, K., Yoshida, T., Nakano, Y., Martin, J. F., Tanaka, H. A., Towstego, T., Gaur, R., Gousy-Leblanc, V., Hartz, M., Konaka, A., Li, X., Chen, S., Wu, Y., Xu, B. D., Zhang, A. Q., Zhang, B., Posiadala-Zezula, M., Boyd, S. B., Edwards, R., Hadley, D., Nicholson, M., O'Flaherty, M., Richards, B., Ali, A., Jamieson, B., Amanai, S., Minamino, A., Pintaudi, G., Sano, S., Sasaki, R., Shibayama, R., Shimamura, R., Suzuki, S., and Wada, K.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: A search for proton decay into $e^+/\mu^+$ and a $\eta$ meson has been performed using data from a 0.373 Mton$\cdot$year exposure (6050.3 live days) of Super-Kamiokande. Compared to previous searches this work introduces an improved model of the intranuclear $\eta$ interaction cross section, resulting in a factor of two reduction in uncertainties from this source and $\sim$10\% increase in signal efficiency. No significant data excess was found above the expected number of atmospheric neutrino background events resulting in no indication of proton decay into either mode. Lower limits on the proton partial lifetime of $1.4\times\mathrm{10^{34}~years}$ for $p\rightarrow e^+\eta$ and $7.3\times\mathrm{10^{33}~years}$ for $p\rightarrow \mu^+\eta$ at the 90$\%$ C.L. were set. These limits are around 1.5 times longer than our previous study and are the most stringent to date.
Published: 2024

30. Categorization of Hokkaido ports for cruise ships

Author: Goda, Motoki, Murakami, Hirotaka, Abe, Hisashi, Usami, Yu, and Ishikawa, Hiroki
Published: 2024

31. Evaluation of Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy and Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy Techniques for Left Breast Post-Mastectomy Patients: Our Experience in Nigerian Sovereign Investment Authority-Lagos University Teaching Hospital Cancer Center, South-West Nigeria

Author: Samuel Adeneye, Michael Akpochafor, Bolanle Adegboyega, Adewumi Alabi, Nusirat Adedewe, Adedayo Joseph, Omolara Fatiregun, Akintayo Omojola, Abe Adebayo, and Esther Oluwadara
Subjects: imrt, 3d-crt, pmrt, organs at risk, radiotherapy, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282, Medicine
Abstract: Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the dosimetric properties of treatment plans obtained from three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) and intensity-modulated radiotherapy techniques (IMRT) plans for left chest wall breast cancer patients.Materials and Methods:A total of 20 patients with left-sided chest wall radiotherapy were randomly selected with the dose prescriptions: 42 Gy and 45 Gy in 15 and 18 fractions, respectively. Treatment plans were obtained using 3D-CRT and IMRT for each patient. Five to seven beams were used for IMRT, while tangential beams were used for 3D-CRT. Planning target volume, Dnear-max (D2), Dnear-min (D98), Dmean, Homogeneity and Conformity Indices (HI and CI) were obtained. Similarly, mean doses to organs at risk (OAR), V5, V10, V20, V25 were generated from the dose-volume histogram and compared.Results:IMRT showed a significant improvement in HI compared to 3D-CRT (p
Published: 2021
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32. Statistical Analysis and Forecasting of Rainfall Patterns and Trends in Gombe North-Eastern Nigeria

Author: Abe A. O., Q. A. Adeniji, Rabiu J. A., Adegboyega O., Raheem I. O., Rasaki M.G., Sada S. M., and Fidelis L.
Subjects: Rainfall pattern, Machine Learning, Gombe, ARIMA, SPI, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Rainfall in Nigeria is highly dynamic and variable on a temporal and spatial scale. This has taken a more pronounced dimension due to climate change. In this study, Standard Precipitation Index (SPI) and Mann-Kendall test statistical tools were employed to analyze rainfall trends and patterns in Gombe metropolis between 1990 and 2020 and the ARIMA model was used for making the forecast for ten (10) years. Daily rainfall data of 31 years obtained from Nigerian Meteorological Agency, (NIMET) was used for the study. The daily rainfall data was subjected to several analyses. Standard precipitation index showed that alternation of wet and dry period conditions had been witnessed in the study area. The result obtained showed that there is an upward trend in the annual rainfall amount received in Gombe over the last 31 years at a rate of 3.98 mm/year. The results for the forecast shows that the annual rainfall to be received in Gombe continues in a range above the mean which serves as an indication that the decade will experience more wet years than dry years. The study concludes that the pattern of rainfall in Gombe is a cyclic pattern. The current trend may affect soil moisture, flooding and subsequently lead to ecological change. The study recommends that inhabitants of the study areas should plan their cropping season based on climatic information of their area.
Published: 2022
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33. Combined Pre-supernova Alert System with KamLAND and Super-Kamiokande

Author: Abe, S, Eizuka, M, Futagi, S, Gando, A, Gando, Y, Goto, S, Hachiya, T, Hata, K, Ichimura, K, Ieki, S, Ikeda, H, Inoue, K, Ishidoshiro, K, Kamei, Y, Kawada, N, Kishimoto, Y, Koga, M, Kurasawa, M, Mitsui, T, Miyake, H, Morita, D, Nakahata, T, Nakajima, R, Nakamura, K, Nakamura, R, Nakane, J, Ozaki, H, Saito, K, Sakai, T, Shimizu, I, Shirai, J, Shiraishi, K, Shoji, R, Suzuki, A, Takeuchi, A, Tamae, K, Watanabe, H, Watanabe, K, Yoshida, S, Umehara, S, Fushimi, K, Kotera, K, Urano, Y, Berger, BE, Fujikawa, BK, Learned, JG, Maricic, J, Fu, Z, Smolsky, J, Winslow, LA, Efremenko, Y, Karwowski, HJ, Markoff, DM, Tornow, W, Dell’Oro, S, O’Donnell, T, Detwiler, JA, Enomoto, S, Decowski, MP, Weerman, KM, Grant, C, Song, H, Li, A, Axani, SN, Garcia, M, Collaboration, The KamLAND, Abe, K, Bronner, C, Hayato, Y, Hiraide, K, Hosokawa, K, Ieki, K, Ikeda, M, Kameda, J, Kanemura, Y, Kaneshima, R, Kashiwagi, Y, Kataoka, Y, Miki, S, Mine, S, Miura, M, Moriyama, S, Nakahata, M, Nakano, Y, Nakayama, S, Noguchi, Y, Sato, K, Sekiya, H, Shiba, H, Shimizu, K, Shiozawa, M, Sonoda, Y, Suzuki, Y, Takeda, A, Takemoto, Y, Tanaka, H, Yano, T, and Han, S
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Particle and High Energy Physics, Physical Sciences, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural), Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical sciences, Particle and high energy physics, Space sciences
Abstract: Preceding a core-collapse supernova (CCSN), various processes produce an increasing amount of neutrinos of all flavors characterized by mounting energies from the interior of massive stars. Among them, the electron antineutrinos are potentially detectable by terrestrial neutrino experiments such as KamLAND and Super-Kamiokande (SK) via inverse beta decay interactions. Once these pre-supernova (pre-SN) neutrinos are observed, an early warning of the upcoming CCSN can be provided. In light of this, KamLAND and SK, both located in the Kamioka mine in Japan, have been monitoring pre-SN neutrinos since 2015 and 2021, respectively. Recently, we performed a joint study between KamLAND and SK on pre-SN neutrino detection. A pre-SN alert system combining the KamLAND detector and the SK detector was developed and put into operation, which can provide a supernova alert to the astrophysics community. Fully leveraging the complementary properties of these two detectors, the combined alert is expected to resolve a pre-SN neutrino signal from a 15 M ⊙ star within 510 pc of the Earth at a significance level corresponding to a false alarm rate of no more than 1 per century. For a Betelgeuse-like model with optimistic parameters, it can provide early warnings up to 12 hr in advance.
Published: 2024

34. Characterization of the optical model of the T2K 3D segmented plastic scintillator detector

Author: Abe, S., Alekseev, I., Arai, T., Arihara, T., Arimoto, S., Babu, N., Baranov, V., Bartoszek, L., Berns, L., Bhattacharjee, S., Blondel, A., Boikov, A. V., Buizza-Avanzini, M., Capó, J., Cayo, J., Chakrani, J., Chong, P. S., Chvirova, A., Danilov, M., Davis, C., Davydov, Yu. I., Dergacheva, A., Dokania, N., Douqa, D., Doyle, T. A., Drapier, O., Eguchi, A., Elias, J., Fedorova, D., Fedotov, S., Ferlewicz, D., Fuji, Y., Furui, Y., Gendotti, A., Germer, A., Giannessi, L., Giganti, C., Glagolev, V., Hu, J., Iwamoto, K., Jakkapu, M., Jesús-Valls, C., Ji, J. Y., Jung, C. K., Kakuno, H., Kasetti, S. P., Kawaue, M., Khabibullin, M., Khotjantsev, A., Kikawa, T., Kikutani, H., Kobayashi, H., Kobayashi, T., Kodama, S., Kolupanova, M., Korzenev, A., Kose, U., Kudenko, Y., Kuribayashi, S., Kutter, T., Lachat, M., Lachner, K., Last, D., Latham, N., Silverio, D. Leon, Li, B., Li, W., Li, Z., Lin, C., Lin, L. S., Lin, S., Lux, T., Mahtani, K., Maret, L., Caicedo, D. A. Martinez, Martynenko, S., Matsubara, T., Mauger, C., McGrew, C., McKean, J., Mefodiev, A., Miller, E., Mineev, O., Moreno, A. L., Muñoz, A., Nakadaira, T., Nakagiri, K., Nguyen, V., Nicola, L., Noah, E., Nosek, T., Okinaga, W., Osu, L., Paolone, V., Parsa, S., Pellegrino, R., Ramirez, M. A., Reh, M., Ricco, C., Rubbia, A., Sakashita, K., Sallin, N., Sanchez, F., Schefke, T., Schloesser, C. M., Sgalaberna, D., Shvartsman, A., Skrobova, N., Speers, A. J., Suslov, I. A., Suvorov, S., Svirida, D., Tairafune, S., Tanigawa, H., Teklu, A., Tereshchenko, V. V., Tzanov, M., Vasilyev, I. I., Wallace, H. T., Whitney, N., Wood, K., Xu, Y. -h., Yang, G., Yershov, N., Yokoyama, M., Yoshimoto, Y., Zhao, X., Zheng, H., Zhu, T., Zilberman, P., and Zimmerman, E. D.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The magnetised near detector (ND280) of the T2K long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment has been recently upgraded aiming to satisfy the requirement of reducing the systematic uncertainty from measuring the neutrinonucleus interaction cross section, which is the largest systematic uncertainty in the search for leptonic charge-parity symmetry violation. A key component of the upgrade is SuperFGD, a 3D segmented plastic scintillator detector made of approximately 2,000,000 optically-isolated 1 cm3 cubes. It will provide a 3D image of GeV neutrino interactions by combining tracking and stopping power measurements of final state particles with sub-nanosecond time resolution. The performance of SuperFGD is characterized by the precision of its response to charged particles as well as the systematic effects that might affect the physics measurements. Hence, a detailed Geant4 based optical simulation of the SuperFGD building block, i.e. a plastic scintillating cube read out by three wavelength shifting fibers, has been developed and validated with the different datasets collected in various beam tests. In this manuscript the description of the optical model as well as the comparison with data are reported., Comment: 31 pages, 15 figures
Published: 2024

35. The Microlensing Event Rate and Optical Depth from MOA-II 9 year Survey toward the Galactic Bulge

Author: Nunota, Kansuke, Sumi, Takahiro, Koshimoto, Naoki, Rattenbury, Nicholas J., Abe, Fumio, Barry, Richard, Bennett, David P., Bhattacharya, Aparna, Fukui, Akihiko, Hamada, Ryusei, Hamada, Shunya, Hamasaki, Naoto, Hirao, Yuki, Silva, Stela Ishitani, Itow, Yoshitaka, Matsubara, Yutaka, Miyazaki, Shota, Muraki, Yasushi, Nagai, Tsutsumi, Olmschenk, Greg, Ranc, Clement, Satoh, Yuki K., Suzuki, Daisuke, Tristram, Paul J., Vandorou, Aikaterini, and Yama, Hibiki
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: We present measurements of the microlensing optical depth and event rate toward the Galactic bulge using the dataset from the 2006--2014 MOA-II survey, which covers 22 bulge fields spanning ~42 deg^2 between -5 deg < l < 10 deg and -7 deg < b < -1 deg. In the central region with |l|<5 deg, we estimate an optical depth of {\tau} = [1.75+-0.04]*10^-6exp[(0.34+-0.02)(3 deg-|b|)] and an event rate of {\Gamma} = [16.08+-0.28]*10^-6exp[(0.44+-0.02)(3 deg-|b|)] star^-1 year^-1 using a sample consisting of 3525 microlensing events, with Einstein radius crossing times of tE < 760 days and source star magnitude of IsWe confirm our results are consistent with the latest measurements from OGLE-IV 8 year dataset (Mr\'oz et al. 2019). We find our result is inconsistent with a prediction based on Galactic models, especially in the central region with |b|<3 deg. These results can be used to improve the Galactic bulge model, and more central regions can be further elucidated by future microlensing experiments, such as The PRime-focus Infrared Microlensing Experiment (PRIME) and Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope.
Published: 2024

36. Stationary self-similar profiles for the two-dimensional inviscid Boussinesq equations

Author: Abe, Ken, Ginsberg, Daniel, and Jeong, In-Jee
Subjects: Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs
Abstract: We consider ($-\alpha$)-homogeneous solutions (stationary self-similar solutions of degree $-\alpha$) to the two-dimensional inviscid Boussinesq equations in a half-plane. We show their non-existence and existence with both regular and singular profile functions., Comment: 52 pages
Published: 2024

37. Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Sensitivity of the XLZD Rare Event Observatory

Author: XLZD Collaboration, Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Adrover, M., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Akerib, D. S., Musalhi, A. K. Al, Alder, F., Althueser, L., Amaral, D. W. P., Amarasinghe, C. S., Ames, A., Andrieu, B., Angelides, N., Angelino, E., Antunovic, B., Aprile, E., Araújo, H. M., Armstrong, J. E., Arthurs, M., Babicz, M., Bajpai, D., Baker, A., Balzer, M., Bang, J., Barberio, E., Bargemann, J. W., Barillier, E., Basharina-Freshville, A., Baudis, L., Bauer, D., Bazyk, M., Beattie, K., Beaupere, N., Bell, N. F., Bellagamba, L., Benson, T., Bhatti, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Biondi, R., Biondi, Y., Birch, H. J., Bishop, E., Bismark, A., Boehm, C., Boese, K., Bolotnikov, A., Brás, P., Braun, R., Breskin, A., Brew, C. A. J., Brommer, S., Brown, A., Bruni, G., Budnik, R., Burdin, S., Cai, C., Capelli, C., Carini, G., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Carter, M., Chauvin, A., Chawla, A., Chen, H., Cherwinka, J. J., Chin, Y. T., Chott, N. I., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Clark, K., Colijn, A. P., Colling, D. J., Conrad, J., Converse, M. V., Coronel, R., Costanzo, D., Cottle, A., Cox, G., Cuenca-García, J. J., Curran, D., Cussans, D., D'Andrea, V., Garcia, L. C. Daniel, Darlington, I., Dave, S., David, A., Davies, G. J., Decowski, M. P., Deisting, A., Delgaudio, J., Dey, S., Di Donato, C., Di Felice, L., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Ding, C., Dobson, J. E. Y., Doerenkamp, M., Drexlin, G., Druszkiewicz, E., Dunbar, C. L., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Engel, R., Eriksen, S. R., Fayer, S., Fearon, N. M., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fieldhouse, N., Fischer, H., Flaecher, H., Flehmke, T., Flierman, M., Fraser, E. D., Fruth, T. M. A., Fujikawa, K., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Gaitskell, R. J., Gallice, N., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garroum, N., Geffre, A., Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Ghosh, S., Giacomobono, R., Gibbons, R., Girard, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Glück, F., Gokhale, S., Grandi, L., Green, J., Grigat, J., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Größle, R., Guan, H., Guida, M., Gyorgy, P., Haiston, J. J., Hall, C. R., Hall, T., Hammann, R., Hannen, V., Hansmann-Menzemer, S., Hargittai, N., Hartigan-O'Connor, E., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hernandez, M., Hertel, S. A., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hiraoka, K., Hoetzsch, L., Hoferichter, M., Homenides, G. J., Hood, N. F., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Hughes, S., Hunt, D., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jacquet, E., Jakob, J., James, R. S., Joerg, F., Jones, S., Kaboth, A. C., Kahlert, F., Kamaha, A. C., Kaminaga, Y., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Keller, M., Kemp-Russell, P., Khaitan, D., Kharbanda, P., Kilminster, B., Kim, J., Kirk, R., Kleifges, M., Klute, M., Kobayashi, M., Kodroff, D., Koke, D., Kopec, A., Korolkova, E. V., Kraus, H., Kravitz, S., Kreczko, L., von Krosigk, B., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Kuger, F., Kurita, N., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Lawes, C., Lee, J., Lehnert, B., Leonard, D. S., Lesko, K. T., Levinson, L., Li, A., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Liang, Z., Lin, J., Lin, Y. -T., Lindemann, S., Linden, S., Lindner, M., Lindote, A., Lippincott, W. H., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Lopes, M. I., Lorenzon, W., Loutit, M., Lu, C., Lucchetti, G. M., Luce, T., Luitz, S., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Maier, B., Majewski, P. A., Manalaysay, A., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Mannino, R. L., Marignetti, F., Marley, T., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Maupin, C., McCabe, C., McCarthy, M. E., McKinsey, D. N., McLaughlin, J. B., Melchiorre, A., Menéndez, J., Messina, M., Miller, E. H., Milosovic, B., Milutinovic, S., Miuchi, K., Miyata, R., Mizrachi, E., Molinario, A., Monteiro, C. M. B., Monzani, M. E., Morå, K., Moriyama, S., Morrison, E., Morteau, E., Mosbacher, Y., Mount, B. J., Müller, J., Murdy, M., Murphy, A. St. J., Murra, M., Naylor, A., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Newstead, J. L., Nguyen, A., Ni, K., O'Hare, C., Oberlack, U., Obradovic, M., Olcina, I., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Orpwood, J., Ostrowskiy, I., Ouahada, S., Oyulmaz, K., Paetsch, B., Palladino, K. J., Palmer, J., Pan, Y., Pandurovic, M., Pannifer, N. J., Paramesvaran, S., Patton, S. J., Pellegrini, Q., Penning, B., Pereira, G., Peres, R., Perry, E., Pershing, T., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Piepke, A., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qiao, K., Qie, Y., Qin, J., Radeka, S., Radeka, V., Rajado, M., García, D. Ramírez, Ravindran, A., Razeto, A., Reichenbacher, J., Rhyne, C. A., Richards, A., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Riyat, H. S., Rosero, R., Roy, A., Rushton, T., Rynders, D., Saakyan, R., Sanchez, L., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santone, D., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Sazzad, A. B. M. R., Scaffidi, A., Schnee, R. W., Schreiner, J., Schulte, P., Schulze, H., Eißing, Schumann, M., Schwenck, A., Schwenk, A., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Sharma, S., Shaw, S., Shen, W., Sherman, L., Shi, S., Shi, S. Y., Shimada, T., Shutt, T., Silk, J. J., Silva, C., Simgen, H., Sinev, G., Singh, R., Siniscalco, J., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Song, Z., Sorensen, P., Soria, J., Stanley, O., Steidl, M., Stenhouse, T., Stevens, A., Stifter, K., Sumner, T. J., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, W. C., Thers, D., Thümmler, T., Tiedt, D. R., Tönnies, F., Tong, Z., Toschi, F., Tovey, D. R., Tranter, J., Trask, M., Trinchero, G., Tripathi, M., Tronstad, D. R., Trotta, R., Tunnell, C. D., Urquijo, P., Usón, A., Utoyama, M., Vaitkus, A. C., Valentino, O., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Velan, V., Vetter, S., de Viveiros, L., Volta, G., Vorkapic, D., Wang, A., Wang, J. J., Wang, W., Wang, Y., Waters, D., Weerman, K. M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Whitis, T. J., Wild, K., Williams, M., Wilson, M., Wilson, S. T., Wittweg, C., Wolf, J., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodford, S., Woodward, D., Worcester, M., Wright, C. J., Wu, V. H. S., üstling, S. W, Wurm, M., Xia, Q., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, J., Xu, Y., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yeh, M., Yu, B., Zavattini, G., Zha, W., Zhong, M., and Zuber, K.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The XLZD collaboration is developing a two-phase xenon time projection chamber with an active mass of 60 to 80 t capable of probing the remaining WIMP-nucleon interaction parameter space down to the so-called neutrino fog. In this work we show that, based on the performance of currently operating detectors using the same technology and a realistic reduction of radioactivity in detector materials, such an experiment will also be able to competitively search for neutrinoless double beta decay in $^{136}$Xe using a natural-abundance xenon target. XLZD can reach a 3$\sigma$ discovery potential half-life of 5.7$\times$10$^{27}$ yr (and a 90% CL exclusion of 1.3$\times$10$^{28}$ yr) with 10 years of data taking, corresponding to a Majorana mass range of 7.3-31.3 meV (4.8-20.5 meV). XLZD will thus exclude the inverted neutrino mass ordering parameter space and will start to probe the normal ordering region for most of the nuclear matrix elements commonly considered by the community., Comment: 29 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2024

38. Single particle tracking of polymer aggregates inside disordered porous media

Author: Abe, Yusaku, Tomioka, Naoki, and Matsuda, Yu
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Physics - Chemical Physics
Abstract: The diffusion motions of individual polymer aggregates in disordered porous media were visualized using the single particle tracking (SPT) method because the motions inside porous media play important roles in various fields of science and engineering. The aggregates diffused on the surfaces of pores; continuous adsorption and desorption processes were obserbed. The relationship between the size of the aggregates and pore size was analysed based on diffusion coefficients, moment scaling spectrum (MSS) slope, and diffusion anisotropy analyisies. The obtained diffusion coefficients were different for different the aggregate and pore sizes. The MSS Slope analysis indicated that more than 85% of the aggregates were confined diffusion for all the conditions investigated. The diffusion anisotropies analysis suggested that the diffusions of the aggregates were anisotropic. The interactions between the aggregates and the pores were complex and exhibited different motions than surface diffusion of smooth surfaces., Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2024

39. The XLZD Design Book: Towards the Next-Generation Liquid Xenon Observatory for Dark Matter and Neutrino Physics

Author: XLZD Collaboration, Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Adrover, M., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Akerib, D. S., Musalhi, A. K. Al, Alder, F., Althueser, L., Amaral, D. W. P., Amarasinghe, C. S., Ames, A., Andrieu, B., Angelides, N., Angelino, E., Antunovic, B., Aprile, E., Araújo, H. M., Armstrong, J. E., Arthurs, M., Babicz, M., Bajpai, D., Baker, A., Balzer, M., Bang, J., Barberio, E., Bargemann, J. W., Barillier, E., Basharina-Freshville, A., Baudis, L., Bauer, D., Bazyk, M., Beattie, K., Beaupere, N., Bell, N. F., Bellagamba, L., Benson, T., Bhatti, A., Biesiadzinski, T. P., Biondi, R., Biondi, Y., Birch, H. J., Bishop, E., Bismark, A., Boehm, C., Boese, K., Bolotnikov, A., Brás, P., Braun, R., Breskin, A., Brew, C. A. J., Brommer, S., Brown, A., Bruni, G., Budnik, R., Burdin, S., Cai, C., Capelli, C., Carini, G., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Carter, M., Chauvin, A., Chawla, A., Chen, H., Cherwinka, J. J., Chin, Y. T., Chott, N. I., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Clark, K., Colijn, A. P., Colling, D. J., Conrad, J., Converse, M. V., Coronel, R., Costanzo, D., Cottle, A., Cox, G., Cuenca-García, J. J., Curran, D., Cussans, D., D'Andrea, V., Garcia, L. C. Daniel, Darlington, I., Dave, S., David, A., Davies, G. J., Decowski, M. P., Deisting, A., Delgaudio, J., Dey, S., Di Donato, C., Di Felice, L., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Ding, C., Dobson, J. E. Y., Doerenkamp, M., Drexlin, G., Druszkiewicz, E., Dunbar, C. L., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Engel, R., Eriksen, S. R., Fayer, S., Fearon, N. M., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fieldhouse, N., Fischer, H., Flaecher, H., Flehmke, T., Flierman, M., Fraser, E. D., Fruth, T. M. A., Fujikawa, K., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Gaitskell, R. J., Gallice, N., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garroum, N., Geffre, A., Genovesi, J., Ghag, C., Ghosh, S., Giacomobono, R., Gibbons, R., Girard, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Glück, F., Gokhale, S., Grandi, L., Green, J., Grigat, J., van der Grinten, M. G. D., Größle, R., Guan, H., Guida, M., Gyorgy, P., Haiston, J. J., Hall, C. R., Hall, T., Hammann, R., Hannen, V., Hansmann-Menzemer, S., Hargittai, N., Hartigan-O'Connor, E., Haselschwardt, S. J., Hernandez, M., Hertel, S. A., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hiraoka, K., Hoetzsch, L., Hoferichter, M., Homenides, G. J., Hood, N. F., Horn, M., Huang, D. Q., Hughes, S., Hunt, D., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jacquet, E., Jakob, J., James, R. S., Joerg, F., Jones, S., Kaboth, A. C., Kahlert, F., Kamaha, A. C., Kaminaga, Y., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Keller, M., Kemp-Russell, P., Khaitan, D., Kharbanda, P., Kilminster, B., Kim, J., Kirk, R., Kleifges, M., Klute, M., Kobayashi, M., Kodroff, D., Koke, D., Kopec, A., Korolkova, E. V., Kraus, H., Kravitz, S., Kreczko, L., von Krosigk, B., Kudryavtsev, V. A., Kuger, F., Kurita, N., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Lawes, C., Lee, J., Lehnert, B., Leonard, D. S., Lesko, K. T., Levinson, L., Li, A., Li, I., Li, S., Liang, S., Liang, Z., Lin, J., Lin, Y. -T., Lindemann, S., Linden, S., Lindner, M., Lindote, A., Lippincott, W. H., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Lopes, J. A. M., Lopes, M. I., Lorenzon, W., Loutit, M., Lu, C., Lucchetti, G. M., Luce, T., Luitz, S., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Maier, B., Majewski, P. A., Manalaysay, A., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Mannino, R. L., Marignetti, F., Marley, T., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Maupin, C., McCabe, C., McCarthy, M. E., McKinsey, D. N., McLaughlin, J. B., Melchiorre, A., Menéndez, J., Messina, M., Miller, E. H., Milosovic, B., Milutinovic, S., Miuchi, K., Miyata, R., Mizrachi, E., Molinario, A., Monteiro, C. M. B., Monzani, M. E., Morå, K., Moriyama, S., Morrison, E., Morteau, E., Mosbacher, Y., Mount, B. J., Müller, J., Murdy, M., Murphy, A. St. J., Murra, M., Naylor, A., Nelson, H. N., Neves, F., Newstead, J. L., Nguyen, A., Ni, K., O'Hare, C., Oberlack, U., Obradovic, M., Olcina, I., Oliver-Mallory, K. C., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Orpwood, J., Ostrowskiy, I., Ouahada, S., Oyulmaz, K., Paetsch, B., Palladino, K. J., Palmer, J., Pan, Y., Pandurovic, M., Pannifer, N. J., Paramesvaran, S., Patton, S. J., Pellegrini, Q., Penning, B., Pereira, G., Peres, R., Perry, E., Pershing, T., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Piepke, A., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qiao, K., Qie, Y., Qin, J., Radeka, S., Radeka, V., Rajado, M., García, D. Ramírez, Ravindran, A., Razeto, A., Reichenbacher, J., Rhyne, C. A., Richards, A., Rischbieter, G. R. C., Riyat, H. S., Rosero, R., Roy, A., Rushton, T., Rynders, D., Saakyan, R., Sanchez, L., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Santone, D., Santos, J. M. F. dos, Sartorelli, G., Sazzad, A. B. M. R., Scaffidi, A., Schnee, R. W., Schreiner, J., Schulte, P., Schulze, H., Eißing, Schumann, M., Schwenck, A., Schwenk, A., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Sharma, S., Shaw, S., Shen, W., Sherman, L., Shi, S., Shi, S. Y., Shimada, T., Shutt, T., Silk, J. J., Silva, C., Simgen, H., Sinev, G., Singh, R., Siniscalco, J., Solmaz, M., Solovov, V. N., Song, Z., Sorensen, P., Soria, J., Stanley, O., Steidl, M., Stenhouse, T., Stevens, A., Stifter, K., Sumner, T. J., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Taylor, D. J., Taylor, W. C., Thers, D., Thümmler, T., Tiedt, D. R., Tönnies, F., Tong, Z., Toschi, F., Tovey, D. R., Tranter, J., Trask, M., Trinchero, G., Tripathi, M., Tronstad, D. R., Trotta, R., Tunnell, C. D., Urquijo, P., Usón, A., Utoyama, M., Vaitkus, A. C., Valentino, O., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Velan, V., Vetter, S., de Viveiros, L., Volta, G., Vorkapic, D., Wang, A., Wang, J. J., Wang, W., Wang, Y., Waters, D., Weerman, K. M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Whitis, T. J., Wild, K., Williams, M., Wilson, M., Wilson, S. T., Wittweg, C., Wolf, J., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woodford, S., Woodward, D., Worcester, M., Wright, C. J., Wu, V. H. S., üstling, S. W, Wurm, M., Xia, Q., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, J., Xu, Y., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yeh, M., Yu, B., Zavattini, G., Zha, W., Zhong, M., and Zuber, K.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: This report describes the experimental strategy and technologies for a next-generation xenon observatory sensitive to dark matter and neutrino physics. The detector will have an active liquid xenon target mass of 60-80 tonnes and is proposed by the XENON-LUX-ZEPLIN-DARWIN (XLZD) collaboration. The design is based on the mature liquid xenon time projection chamber technology of the current-generation experiments, LZ and XENONnT. A baseline design and opportunities for further optimization of the individual detector components are discussed. The experiment envisaged here has the capability to explore parameter space for Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) dark matter down to the neutrino fog, with a 3$\sigma$ evidence potential for the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross sections as low as $3\times10^{-49}\rm cm^2$ (at 40 GeV/c$^2$ WIMP mass). The observatory is also projected to have a 3$\sigma$ observation potential of neutrinoless double-beta decay of $^{136}$Xe at a half-life of up to $5.7\times 10^{27}$ years. Additionally, it is sensitive to astrophysical neutrinos from the atmosphere, sun, and galactic supernovae., Comment: 32 pages, 14 figures
Published: 2024

40. Time-Varyingness in Auction Breaks Revenue Equivalence

Author: Fujimoto, Yuma, Ariu, Kaito, and Abe, Kenshi
Subjects: Computer Science - Computer Science and Game Theory, Computer Science - Multiagent Systems, Economics - Theoretical Economics, Mathematics - Dynamical Systems
Abstract: Auction is one of the most representative buying-selling systems. A celebrated study shows that the seller's expected revenue is equal in equilibrium, regardless of the type of auction, typically first-price and second-price auctions. Here, however, we hypothesize that when some auction environments vary with time, this revenue equivalence may not be maintained. In second-price auctions, the equilibrium strategy is robustly feasible. Conversely, in first-price auctions, the buyers must continue to adapt their strategies according to the environment of the auction. Surprisingly, we prove that revenue equivalence can be broken in both directions. First-price auctions bring larger or smaller revenue than second-price auctions, case by case, depending on how the value of an item varies. Our experiments also demonstrate revenue inequivalence in various scenarios, where the value varies periodically or randomly. This study uncovers a phenomenon, the breaking of revenue equivalence by the time-varyingness in auctions, that likely occurs in real-world auctions, revealing its underlying mechanism., Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures (main); 7 pages, 1 figure (appendix)
Published: 2024

41. A new hierarchy for complex plane curves

Author: Abe, Takuro, Dimca, Alexandru, and Pokora, Piotr
Subjects: Mathematics - Algebraic Geometry, Mathematics - Commutative Algebra, Primary: 14H50, Secondary: 14B05, 13D02, 32S22
Abstract: We define the type of a plane curve as the initial degree of the corresponding Bourbaki ideal. Then we show that this invariant behaves well with respect to the union of curves. The curves of type $0$ are precisely the free curves and the curves of type $1$ are the plus-one generated curves. In this note we show first that line arrangements and conic-line arrangements can have all the theoretically possible types. In the second part we study the properties of the curves of type $2$ and construct families of line arrangements and conic-line arrangements of this type., Comment: Version 2.0, Takuro Abe joined us as a co-author, improved results compared to the previous version of the paper, including Theorems 1.19 and 1.24 and a new Section 2.4
Published: 2024

42. Reflexive Input-Output Causality Mechanisms

Author: Kayawake, Ryotaro, Miida, Haruto, Sano, Shunsuke, Onda, Issei, Abe, Kazuki, Watanabe, Masahiro, Galipon, Josephine, Tadakuma, Riichiro, and Tadakuma, Kenjiro
Subjects: Computer Science - Robotics, Computer Science - Emerging Technologies, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control
Abstract: This paper explores the concept of reflexive actuation, examining how robots may leverage both internal and external stimuli to trigger changes in the motion, performance, or physical characteristics of the robot, such as its size, shape, or configuration, and so on. These changes themselves may in turn be sequentially re-used as input to drive further adaptations. Drawing inspiration from biological systems, where reflexes are an essential component of the response to environmental changes, reflexive actuation is critical to enable robots to adapt to diverse situations and perform complex tasks. The underlying principles of reflexive actuation are analyzed, with examples provided from existing implementations such as contact-sensitive reflexive arms, physical counters, and their applications. The paper also outlines future directions and challenges for advancing this research area, emphasizing its significance in the development of adaptive, responsive robotic systems., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2024

43. Snap and Jump: How Elastic Shells Pop Out

Author: Abe, Takara, Hashiguchi, Isamu, Nakahara, Yukitake, Kobayashi, Shunsuke, Tarumi, Ryuichi, Takahashi, Hidetoshi, Ishigami, Genya, and Sano, Tomohiko G.
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics
Abstract: Grip, walk, crawl, and jump. Soft robots are integrated functional structures composed of compliant mechanisms, whose activity spans various industrial applications such as surgery, healthcare, surveillance, and even planetary exploration. One of their promising mobility mechanism is snap-buckling; the instability mode of flexible structures passing from one equilibrium state to another can instantaneously generate large power for its motion. Predicting their performance with even simple geometry requires disentangling material, geometric nonlinearity, and contact, thereby still being a challenging problem to date. Here, we study the jumping dynamics of hemispherical elastic shells driven by snap-buckling, as a model system of soft jumping mechanisms, combining experiments, simulations, and analytical theory. We find that the contact transition dynamics trigger the jumping phenomenon upon snap-buckling by constructing the analytical predictions with shell elasticity in excellent agreement with both experiments and simulations. Despite the simple geometry of the shell, its dynamical performance primarily relies on a complex interplay between elasticity, geometry, and contact friction. By elucidating the dynamics of the building blocks of soft robots that undergo large deformations, we can build their predictive experimental and numerical framework. Our research paves the way for designing soft robots suitable for the required loading conditions or structural requirements without empirical methods., Comment: Main text: 18 pages, 4 figures. Supplementary Information: 14 pages, 3 figures
Published: 2024

44. Singularities of solutions to nonlinear Schr\'odinger equations

Author: Abe, Fumihito and Kato, Keiichi
Subjects: Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs, 35Q55, 35A18
Abstract: We study the wave front set of the solutions of the initial value problem for nonlinear Schr\"{o}dinger equations via wave packet transform. We give an sufficient condition which assures that the solutions is in Sobolev space of order s in a given direction at a given time., Comment: 14 pages
Published: 2024

45. PLaMo-100B: A Ground-Up Language Model Designed for Japanese Proficiency

Author: Elements, Preferred, Abe, Kenshin, Chubachi, Kaizaburo, Fujita, Yasuhiro, Hirokawa, Yuta, Imajo, Kentaro, Kataoka, Toshiki, Komatsu, Hiroyoshi, Mikami, Hiroaki, Mogami, Tsuguo, Murai, Shogo, Nakago, Kosuke, Nishino, Daisuke, Ogawa, Toru, Okanohara, Daisuke, Ozaki, Yoshihiko, Sano, Shotaro, Suzuki, Shuji, Xu, Tianqi, and Yanase, Toshihiko
Subjects: Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract: We introduce PLaMo-100B, a large-scale language model designed for Japanese proficiency. The model was trained from scratch using 2 trillion tokens, with architecture such as QK Normalization and Z-Loss to ensure training stability during the training process. Post-training techniques, including Supervised Fine-Tuning and Direct Preference Optimization, were applied to refine the model's performance. Benchmark evaluations suggest that PLaMo-100B performs well, particularly in Japanese-specific tasks, achieving results that are competitive with frontier models like GPT-4. The base model is available at https://huggingface.co/pfnet/plamo-100b.
Published: 2024

46. Last Iterate Convergence in Monotone Mean Field Games

Author: Isobe, Noboru, Abe, Kenshi, and Ariu, Kaito
Subjects: Computer Science - Computer Science and Game Theory, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, 91A16
Abstract: Mean Field Game (MFG) is a framework utilized to model and approximate the behavior of a large number of agents, and the computation of equilibria in MFG has been a subject of interest. Despite the proposal of methods to approximate the equilibria, algorithms where the sequence of updated policy converges to equilibrium, specifically those exhibiting last-iterate convergence, have been limited. We propose the use of a simple, proximal-point-type algorithm to compute equilibria for MFGs. Subsequently, we provide the first last-iterate convergence guarantee under the Lasry--Lions-type monotonicity condition. We further employ the Mirror Descent algorithm for the regularized MFG to efficiently approximate the update rules of the proximal point method for MFGs. We demonstrate that the algorithm can approximate with an accuracy of $\varepsilon$ after $\mathcal{O}({\log(1/\varepsilon)})$ iterations. This research offers a tractable approach for large-scale and large-population games., Comment: Under review, 24 pages, 2 figures
Published: 2024

47. Growth of Massive Molecular Cloud Filament by Accretion Flows. II. New Mechanism to Support a Supercritical Filament against Radial Collapse

Author: Abe, Daisei, Inoue, Tsuyoshi, Inutsuka, Shu-ichiro, and Arzoumanian, Doris
Subjects: Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract: Observations indicate that dense molecular filamentary clouds are sites of star formation. The filament width determines the fragmentation scale and influences the stellar mass. Therefore, understanding the evolution of filaments and the origin of their properties is important for understanding star formation. Although observations show a universal width of 0.1 pc, theoretical studies predict the contraction of thermally supercritical filaments (> 17 Msun pc-1) due to radial collapse. Through non-ideal magnetohydrodynamics simulations with ambipolar diffusion, we explore the formation and evolution of filaments via slow-shock instability at the front of accretion flows. We reveal that ambipolar diffusion allows the gas in the filament to flow across the magnetic fields around the shock, forming dense blobs behind the concave points of the shock. The blobs transfer momentum that drives internal turbulence. We name this mechanism the "STORM" (Slow-shock-mediated Turbulent flOw Reinforced by Magnetic diffusion). The persistence and efficiency of the turbulence inside the filament are driven by the magnetic field and the ambipolar diffusion effect, respectively. The STORM sustains the width even when the filament reaches very large line masses (~ 100 Msun pc-1)., Comment: 26 pages, 20 figures
Published: 2024

48. Boosting Perturbed Gradient Ascent for Last-Iterate Convergence in Games

Author: Abe, Kenshi, Sakamoto, Mitsuki, Ariu, Kaito, and Iwasaki, Atsushi
Subjects: Computer Science - Computer Science and Game Theory
Abstract: This paper presents a payoff perturbation technique, introducing a strong convexity to players' payoff functions in games. This technique is specifically designed for first-order methods to achieve last-iterate convergence in games where the gradient of the payoff functions is monotone in the strategy profile space, potentially containing additive noise. Although perturbation is known to facilitate the convergence of learning algorithms, the magnitude of perturbation requires careful adjustment to ensure last-iterate convergence. Previous studies have proposed a scheme in which the magnitude is determined by the distance from a periodically re-initialized anchoring or reference strategy. Building upon this, we propose Gradient Ascent with Boosting Payoff Perturbation, which incorporates a novel perturbation into the underlying payoff function, maintaining the periodically re-initializing anchoring strategy scheme. This innovation empowers us to provide faster last-iterate convergence rates against the existing payoff perturbed algorithms, even in the presence of additive noise.
Published: 2024

49. Model-independent searches of new physics in DARWIN with a semi-supervised deep learning pipeline

Author: Aalbers, J., Abe, K., Adrover, M., Maouloud, S. Ahmed, Althueser, L., Amaral, D. W. P., Andrieu, B., Angelino, E., Martin, D. Antón, Antunovic, B., Aprile, E., Babicz, M., Bajpai, D., Balzer, M., Barberio, E., Baudis, L., Bazyk, M., Bell, N. F., Bellagamba, L., Biondi, R., Biondi, Y., Bismark, A., Boehm, C., Boese, K., Braun, R., Breskin, A., Brommer, S., Brown, A., Bruni, G., Budnik, R., Cai, C., Capelli, C., Chauvin, A., Chavez, A. P. Cimental, Colijn, A. P., Conrad, J., Cuenca-García, J. J., D'Andrea, V., Garcia, L. C. Daniel, Decowski, M. P., Deisting, A., Di Donato, C., Di Gangi, P., Diglio, S., Doerenkamp, M., Drexlin, G., Eitel, K., Elykov, A., Engel, R., Ferella, A. D., Ferrari, C., Fischer, H., Flehmke, T., Flierman, M., Fujikawa, K., Fulgione, W., Fuselli, C., Gaemers, P., Gaior, R., Galloway, M., Gao, F., Garroum, N., Giacomobono, R., Girard, F., Glade-Beucke, R., Glück, F., Grandi, L., Grigat, J., Größle, R., Guan, H., Guida, M., Gyorgy, P., Hammann, R., Hannen, V., Hansmann-Menzemer, S., Hargittai, N., Higuera, A., Hils, C., Hiraoka, K., Hoetzsch, L., Hoferichter, M., Hood, N. F., Iacovacci, M., Itow, Y., Jakob, J., James, R. S., Joerg, F., Kahlert, F., Kaminaga, Y., Kara, M., Kavrigin, P., Kazama, S., Keller, M., Kharbanda, P., Kilminster, B., Kleifges, M., Klute, M., Kobayashi, M., Koke, D., Kopec, A., von Krosigk, B., Kuger, F., LaCascio, L., Landsman, H., Lang, R. F., Levinson, L., Li, I., Li, A., Li, S., Liang, S., Liang, Z., Lin, Y. -T., Lindemann, S., Lindner, M., Liu, K., Loizeau, J., Lombardi, F., Long, J., Lopes, J. A. M., Lucchetti, G. M., Luce, T., Ma, Y., Macolino, C., Mahlstedt, J., Maier, B., Mancuso, A., Manenti, L., Marignetti, F., Undagoitia, T. Marrodán, Martens, K., Masbou, J., Masson, E., Mastroianni, S., Melchiorre, A., Menéndez, J., Messina, M., Milosovic, B., Milutinovic, S., Miuchi, K., Miyata, R., Molinario, A., Monteiro, C. M. B., Morå, K., Moriyama, S., Morteau, E., Mosbacher, Y., Müller, J., Murra, M., Newstead, J. L., Ni, K., O'Hare, C., Oberlack, U., Obradovic, M., Ostrowskiy, I., Ouahada, S., Paetsch, B., Pan, Y., Pandurovic, M., Pellegrini, Q., Peres, R., Piastra, F., Pienaar, J., Pierre, M., Plante, G., Pollmann, T. R., Principe, L., Qi, J., Qiao, K., Qin, J., Rajado, M., García, D. Ramírez, Ravindran, A., Razeto, A., Sanchez, L., Sanchez-Lucas, P., Sartorelli, G., Scaffidi, A., Schreiner, J., Schulte, P., Eißing, H. Schulze, Schumann, M., Schwenck, A., Schwenk, A., Lavina, L. Scotto, Selvi, M., Semeria, F., Shagin, P., Sharma, S., Shen, W., Shi, S. Y., Shimada, T., Simgen, H., Singh, R., Solmaz, M., Stanley, O., Steidl, M., Stevens, A., Takeda, A., Tan, P. -L., Thers, D., Thümmler, T., Tönnies, F., Toschi, F., Trinchero, G., Trotta, R., Tunnell, C. D., Urquijo, P., Utoyama, M., Valerius, K., Vecchi, S., Vetter, S., Volta, G., Vorkapic, D., Wang, W., Weerman, K. M., Weinheimer, C., Weiss, M., Wenz, D., Wilson, M., Wittweg, C., Wolf, J., Wu, V. H. S., Wüstling, S., Wurm, M., Xing, Y., Xu, D., Xu, Z., Yamashita, M., Yang, L., Ye, J., Yuan, L., Zavattini, G., Zhong, M., and Zuber, K.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: We present a novel deep learning pipeline to perform a model-independent, likelihood-free search for anomalous (i.e., non-background) events in the proposed next generation multi-ton scale liquid Xenon-based direct detection experiment, DARWIN. We train an anomaly detector comprising a variational autoencoder and a classifier on extensive, high-dimensional simulated detector response data and construct a one-dimensional anomaly score optimised to reject the background only hypothesis in the presence of an excess of non-background-like events. We benchmark the procedure with a sensitivity study that determines its power to reject the background-only hypothesis in the presence of an injected WIMP dark matter signal, outperforming the classical, likelihood-based background rejection test. We show that our neural networks learn relevant energy features of the events from low-level, high-dimensional detector outputs, without the need to compress this data into lower-dimensional observables, thus reducing computational effort and information loss. For the future, our approach lays the foundation for an efficient end-to-end pipeline that eliminates the need for many of the corrections and cuts that are traditionally part of the analysis chain, with the potential of achieving higher accuracy and significant reduction of analysis time., Comment: 10 Figures, 3 Tables, 23 Pages (incl. references)
Published: 2024

50. Impermanent loss and loss-vs-rebalancing I: some statistical properties

Author: Alexander, Abe and Fritz, Lars
Subjects: Quantitative Finance - Statistical Finance
Abstract: There are two predominant metrics to assess the performance of automated market makers and their profitability for liquidity providers: 'impermanent loss' (IL) and 'loss-versus-rebalance' (LVR). In this short paper we shed light on the statistical aspects of both concepts and show that they are more similar than conventionally appreciated. Our analysis uses the properties of a random walk and some analytical properties of the statistical integral combined with the mechanics of a constant function market maker (CFMM). We consider non-toxic or rather unspecific trading in this paper. Our main finding can be summarized in one sentence: For Brownian motion with a given volatility, IL and LVR have identical expectation values but vastly differing distribution functions.
Published: 2024

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