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Abstract Background COVID-19 vaccines can lead to diverse local and systemic side effects, but there is limited evidence concerning their association with menstrual cycle changes. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of menstrual cycle alterations after COVID-19 vaccination among adult women. Methods We systematically searched the PubMed, Web of Science and Science Direct databases for observational studies that included adult women and investigated the range of menstrual alterations. The quality of the studies was evaluated via the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. All the data were analyzed via Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software Version 4.0. Forest plots were created to calculate the individual and pooled prevalence rates of different types of menstrual changes and 95% confidence intervals (CI) via fixed-effects and random-effects models, as appropriate. Heterogeneity was assessed with Q statistics and the I2 test. Results Eleven studies, encompassing 26,283 adult women, met our eligibility criteria. Among the selected studies, five were cohort studies, five were cross-sectional studies, and one employed a case‒control design. The menstrual changes included abnormal cycle duration, dysmenorrhea, irregular cycles, and abnormal cycle flow (heavy and light flow), with pooled percentages of 27.3% (CI: 7.2–64.6%), 22% (CI: 5.2–59.4%), 16% (CI: 5.8–37.2%), 11.7% (CI: 5.8–22%), and 5.5% (CI: 2.3–12.5%), respectively. Conclusions This review highlights the prevalence of menstrual changes after COVID-19 vaccination and emphasizes the importance of considering menstrual health as an integral part of postvaccination monitoring and health care interventions. However, longitudinal studies are essential for establishing a definitive causal relationship between COVID-19 vaccination and menstrual alterations.

Abstract Background Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is one of the most common nerve entrapments in the upper limb. In Saudi Arabia, few studies have investigated CTS in the general population. This study aimed to determine the association between personal factors and CTS. Methods A case-control study involved adults aged 18 and above. Cases were recruited from electrophysiology lab records as consecutive case series, while controls were individuals who were free of CTS symptoms according to the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ). The electronic medical records of participants were reviewed to obtain age, height, weight, medical conditions, and mobile numbers. Cases and controls were contacted via phone to complete a questionnaire that was designed based on previous literature. We used multivariate binary logistic regression to identify the personal factors significantly associated with CTS. Results A total of 95 cases and 190 controls were included. Most of the participants were female (84.2%) and Saudi (93%). Most of cases were above 45 years of age (73.7%), while 84.7% were 45 year – old or younger among the control group. Stratified logistic regression showed that performance of household chores was significantly associated with CTS. While physical exercise associated with decreased odds of CTS. Conclusions This study adds to the body of evidence on personal factors associated with CTS. However, the degree of differences in the age structure of the cases compared with the controls suggest that there is a considerable potential for residual confounding affecting the results. Trial registration number Not applicable.

Context: Patient satisfaction is of increasing importance and recognized as an important indicator for quality of care. It is influenced by the patients, physicians and practice′s characteristics. The literature on diabetes has increasingly focused on the quality of care and its measurement. The relationship between the quality of diabetes care and patient satisfaction is poorly understood and it requires further elaboration. Aims: The aim of this study is to Identify the underlying factors influencing patient′s satisfaction with the diabetes care, to assess whether comprehensive diabetes management that provided in diabetic clinic improves satisfaction and glycemic control. Settings and Design: Cross-sectional study Family Medicine and Diabetic Clinics at King Abdul-Aziz Medical City. Materials and Methods: A total of 230 type two diabetic patients attending their follow-up were requested to fill the questionnaire. The questionnaire identified patients, doctors and practice related factors. Statistical Analysis Used: SPSS 16 with appropriate statistical test. Results: The response rate was 85%. Mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level was 0.087 ± 0.020. Around half of the patients were having high satisfaction rate of (>60%). Doctor′s communication ranked the highest satisfaction level among other factors. However, no association between satisfaction with other patient′s characteristics and HbA1c. Conclusions: Physicians play a major role in promoting higher level of satisfaction by good communication with their patients. More efforts are needed to improve certain aspects of diabetic care such as: Patient′s education and periodic physical examination. Although the present study did not show any association between satisfaction and important outcome like HbA1c, more studies are needed to explore such complex relationship. To obtain more significant results a bigger sample size might be needed.