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Objective To perform a comparative analysis of saliva protein profile of patients with early childhood caries at different levels of severity and caries-free individuals. Materials and methods Stimulated saliva samples were collected from 126 children (2-6 years old), classified according to the ICDAS II, and divided into 3 groups (n = 42): caries-free (CF), enamel caries (EC), and dentine caries (DC). Samples were digested and analyzed by nanoUPLC coupled with a mass spectrometry. Data analyses were conducted with Progenesis QI for Proteomics Software v2.0. Gene Ontology (GO) terms and protein-protein interaction analysis were obtained. Results A total of 306 proteins (≈6 peptides) were identified. Among them, 122 were differentially expressed in comparisons among children with different caries status. Out of the 122 proteins, the proteins E2AK4 and SH3L2 were exclusively present in groups CF and EC, respectively, and 8 proteins (HAUS4, CAH1, IL36A, IL36G, AIMP1, KLHL8, KLH13, and SAA1) were considered caries-related proteins when compared to caries-free children; they were up-regulated proteins in the caries groups (EC and DC). Conclusion The identification of exclusive proteins for caries-free or carious-related conditions may help in understanding the mechanisms of caries and predicting risk as well as advancing in caries control or anti-caries approaches.

Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder with complex etiopathogenesis. Based on its neurodevelopmental features, an animal model induced by “two-hit” based on perinatal immune activation followed by peripubertal unpredictable stress was proposed. Sex influences the immune response, and concerning schizophrenia, it impacts the age of onset and symptoms severity. The neurobiological mechanisms underlying the influence of sex in schizophrenia is poorly understood. Our study aimed to evaluate sex influence on proinflammatory and oxidant alterations in male and female mice exposed to the two-hit model of schizophrenia, and its prevention by candesartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blocker with neuroprotective properties. The two-hit model induced schizophrenia-like behavioral changes in animals of both sexes. Hippocampal microglial activation alongside the increased expression of NF-κB, and proinflammatory cytokines, namely interleukin (IL)-1β and TNF-α, were observed in male animals. Conversely, females presented increased hippocampal and plasma levels of nitrite and plasma lipid peroxidation. Peripubertal administration of low-dose candesartan (0.3 mg/kg PO) prevented behavioral, hippocampal, and systemic changes in male and female mice. While these results indicate the influence of sex on inflammatory and oxidative changes induced by the two-hit model, candesartan was effective in both males and females. The present study advances the neurobiological mechanisms underlying sex influence in schizophrenia and opens new avenues to prevent this devasting mental disorder.

We have been using “-Omics” sciences with classic laboratory analyses to understand the systemic metabolic and signaling changes induced by sport and exercise. We called this approach Sportomics. Our samples were collected in situ either during competitions or training to mimic the genuine challenges and conditions faced during sports. Non-targeted analysis (NTA) has opened the door to a new era of high-throughput exercise-induced metabolic research. In the present study, 30 male semi-professional soccer players were observed for two subsequent days. Both blood and urine samples were collected immediately pre-match and after matches. The most up-regulated prominent molecules were fatty acyls, carboxylic acids and derivatives, steroids and steroid derivatives. The most down-regulated molecules were fatty acyls, carboxylic acids and derivatives, as well as benzene and substituted derivatives. After metabolite identification and determining which metabolites were up- or down-regulated, we took the metabolites and grouped them into classes to examine the metabolic pathways involved with purine metabolism and to investigate hyperammonemia. To follow-up on our findings in urine, we used point-of-care instrument analysis to measure capillary blood metabolites. Glucose significantly increased by 35%, whereas urate increased by 16% and uremia by 17% without any changes in creatinemia. In the present study, we showed that hypoxanthine and related metabolites were up-regulated in urine after a soccer match, which suggested that AMP deamination was increased. In this study, we demonstrated several results through urine non-target mass spectrometry (NTMS) to understand exercise-induced changes during a soccer match using a Sportomics approach. These data together demonstrated that during a soccer game, there was an increase in ATP use provided by ADP synthesis via myokinase. Our data may show that the use of urinary metabolomics can be a less invasive way to follow the metabolism of athletes during exercise. We demonstrated that the use of NTMS may be useful for future studies that aim to design holistic interventions for improving athletic performance.

The aim was to characterize acute exercise-induced changes in salivary proteins of street runners. Saliva samples from 12 adult male athletes were collected before and immediately after a street race. Two groups were formed based on the distance covered, 5 km (n=4) and 10 km (n=8). Samples were subjected to depletion of amylase, albumin and immunoglobulin G. Then they were concentrated, digested and analyzed by nano-UPLC-tandem nano-ESI-MSE. A total of 69 proteins were identified. Significant changes were observed in the expression of 15 proteins in the 5 km group and 13 proteins in the 10 km group. Among the proteins with altered expression, only 7 had already been described in the literature in similar models (Alpha-Amylase 1, Lactoperoxidase, Alpha Skeletal Muscle Actin, Cystatin-B, Cystatin- SN, Cystatin- SA and Androgen-regulated Protein 3B in the submaxillary gland). This study has shown that street running induces acute changes in the salivary proteome. The results obtained add to the limited data available in the literature in the search for a better understanding of the acute effects of exercise. El objetivo fue caracterizar las cambios inducidos por el ejercicio físico agudo en las proteínas salivales de los corredores callejeros. Se recogieron muestras de saliva de 12 atletas masculinos adultos antes e inmediatamente después de una carrera de calle. Se crearon dos grupos en función de la distancia recorrida, 5 km (n = 4) y 10 km (n = 8). Las muestras fueron sometidas a agotamiento de amilasa, albúmina e inmunoglobulina G. Luego fueron concentradas, digeridas y analizadas con nano-UPLC tándem nano-ESI-MSE. En total se identificaron 69 proteínas. Se observaron cambios significativos en la expresión de 15 proteínas en el grupo de 5 km y 13 proteínas en el grupo de 10 km. Entre las proteínas con expresión alterada, solo 7 ya habían sido descritas en la literatura en modelos similares (Alfa Amilasa 1, Lactoperoxidasa, Alfa Actina del Músculo Esquelético, Cistatina-B, Cistatina-SN, Cistatina-SA y Proteína 3B regulada por andrógenos en glándula submaxilar). Este estudio demostró que correr en la calle promueve cambios agudos en el proteoma salival, los resultados obtenidos se unen a los pocos datos disponibles en la literatura en la búsqueda de una mejor comprensión de los efectos agudos del ejercicio. Objetivou-se caracterizar as alterações induzidas pelo exercício físico agudo nas proteínas salivares de corredores de rua. Amostras de saliva de 12 atletas adultos do sexo masculino foram coletadas antes e imediatamente após uma corrida de rua. Dois grupos foram criados com base na distância percorrida, 5 km (n=4) e 10 km (n=8). As amostras foram submetidas às depleções de amilase, albumina e imunoglobulinas G. Em seguida, foram concentradas, digeridas e analisadas com nano-UPLC tandem nano-ESI-MSE. No total 69 proteínas foram identificadas. Observou-se alterações significativas na expressão de 15 proteínas no grupo de 5 km e 13 proteínas no grupo de 10 km. Dentre as proteínas com expressão alterada, apenas 7 já tinham sido descritas na literatura em modelos semelhantes (Alfa Amilase 1, Lactoperoxidase, Actina músculo esquelético alfa, Cistatina-B, Cistatina-SN, Cistatina-SA e Proteína 3B regulada por andrógeno na glândula submaxilar). Este estudo demostrou que a corrida de rua promove alterações agudas no proteoma salivar, os resultados obtidos juntam-se aos poucos dados disponíveis na literatura na busca de compreender melhor os efeitos agudos do exercício.

Valzimeire do Nascimento de Oliveira,1,2 Abelardo Barbosa Moreira Lima-Neto,1 Maurício Fraga van Tilburg,2 Ana Cristina de Oliveira Monteiro-Moreira,3 Marina Duarte Pinto Lobo,3 Davide Rondina,4 Virgínia Oliveira Fernandes,5 Ana Paula Dias Rangel Montenegro,5 Renan Magalhães Montenegro Júnior,5 Maria Izabel Florindo Guedes1,2 1Collegiate Nutrition Science, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Ceará State University, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; 2Collegiate Biotechnology, Northeast Network of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Ceará State University, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; 3Center of Experimental Biology, University of Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; 4School of Veterinary Science, Ceará State of University, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; 5Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará and University Hospitals, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil Purpose: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) is one of the most common chronic diseases observed during childhood. The incidence of DM1 is increasing worldwide, and there is currently no way to prevent or delay the onset or to cure the disease. Most diseases, including diabetes, stem from abnormalities in the functioning of proteins, and some studies have reported the expression of protein variation to be involved in the development of DM1. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the differential expression of serum proteins in patients with DM1. Materials and methods: Serum of patients with DM1 (n=30) and healthy controls (n=30) was collected. A proteomic approach was used with depletion of albumin and immunoglobulin G chromatography on serum samples followed by data-independent, label-free mass spectrometric analysis. Results: A total of eight serum proteins were identified as being differentially expressed and involved in the immune system, lipid metabolism, and pathways of coagulation. DM1 was associated with the upregulation of six proteins: alpha-2-macroglobulin, apolipoprotein A-II, β2 glycoprotein I, Ig alpha-2 chain C region, alpha-1-microglobulin, and prothrombin. A total of two proteins were downregulated, including pregnancy zone protein and complement C4. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, these findings show differential expression of proteins revealing new proteins that may be involved in the development and progression of diabetes. Keywords: proteome, mass spectrometry, precision medicine, diagnosis

Results 15 individuals were interviewed (53% male; 47% female). Mean of age was 31.3 yrs. Among educational levels was observed that 40% had finished high school and 27% had uncompleted primary education. Analyzing the occupation 40% are students or housewives and 33% are retired or self-employed. Evaluating the lifestyle, 80% do not smoke and drink alcohol. However, 73% of individuals are sedentary. Dietary aspects revealed that 73% follow a food plan, which were oriented: 73% by Nutritionist, 20% for Medical and 7% follow their own guidelines. In addition, 33% performs specific diet for diabetes prescribed by a nutritionist, another 20% follow carbohydrate counting diet, 13% just do not eat sugars and food sugars and 27% do not follow a specific diet for diabetes. Most of patients, 73% answered “respect the amount of food in the diet” when questioned about the difficulties of adhering to diet.” The food consumption of the group was characterized by a deficit in energy intake, adequate carbohydrate percentage energy contribution, excessive in protein, cholesterol and saturated fat. While, polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fat had presented a very low consumption. Fibers consumption proved to be suitable, however it was found deficiency of vitamin D, E and folato.