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2. Bioelectrochemical Systems for Electricity and Hydrogen Production in Biorefinery

Author

Abhijeet Borole

Abstract

Production of renewable electricity and hydrogen in biorefinery can add a significant value towards development of a sustainable bioeconomy for the 21st century. Here, we investigate bioelectrochemical systems for conversion of biomass and waste using biological fuel cells and electrolysis cells. The ability to extract electrons from biomass components efficiently can lead to novel pathways for production of energy, fuels and chemicals. Understanding the electron transfer and charge transfer issues is critical in developing functional bioelectrochemical cells. Current production from two biomass-derived streams was investigated determining Coulombic efficiency, cathode efficiency and electrical efficiency. The effect of substrate concentration and loading on performance was studied to understand kinetic vs. mass transfer issues. In addition to the electrochemical aspects, bioconversion aspects become critically important for valorizing complex streams such as bio-derived liquids. In addition to sugars, transformation of furanic and phenolic compounds derived from lignin and hemicellulose is important, since they are rich source of electrons. Removal of furfural, HMF, phenolic acids and acetic acid was demonstrated and conversion efficiencies were calculated. Improvements in current density and coulombic efficiency of the bioanode were studied by varying multiple operational parameters. The electron transfer process was measured against the proton and charge transfer steps to identify mechanistic factors controlling the conversion of the complex substrates to electricity and hydrogen.

Published
2016
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3. ORNL Laboratory Directed Research and Development Program FY 2008 Annual Report

Author

Joanna McFarlane, Valmor de Almeida, Johney Green, Stuart Daw, Kalyan Chakravarthy, Sam Lewis, Scott Sluder, Bill Steele, Robert Wagner, Rolf Reitz, Gary Bell, Rick Battiste, Ralph Dinwiddie, Sam Sham, Panos Datskos, Nickolay Lavrik, Barton Smith, Viviane Schwartz, Costas Tsouris, Claus Daniel, Leon Tolbert, Madhu Chinthavali, Burak Ozpineci, Fran Li, John Kueck, Michael Starke, Hui Zhang, Yan Xu, David DePaoli, Alicia Compere, William Griffith, Chaitanya Narula, Arpad Vass, Luis Sanchez, Joel McDuffee, Jess Gehin, Randy Hobbs, Larry Ott, Lance Snead, Donald Spellman, Dennis Heatherly, Ronald Ellis, Kenneth Thoms, Sheng Dai, Huimin Luo, Gary Baker, Todd Toops, C. Britton, G. Alley, M. Ericson, R. Warmack, S. Retterer, Glenn Young, Bernadetta Srijanto, Chad Duty, Ron Ott, Philip Boudreaux, Adrian Sabau, Gerald Jellison, Curt Maxey, Keith Leonard, Biswajit Das, Volker Urban, Kunlun Hong, Phillip Britt, Jimmy Mays, Alexander Boeker, Miroslaw Gruszkiewicz, Ariel Chialvo, David Cole, Michael Simonson, Douglas Goeringer, Gary Van Berkel, Vilmos Kertesz, William Whitten, Robert Shaw, G. Stocks, Amit Goyal, Jianxin Zhong, Yanfei Gao, Albina Borisevich, Niels Jonge, Andrew Lupini, Stephen Pennycook, Gabriel Veith, Ho Lee, Matthew Chisholm, David Singh, Sergei Kalinin, Gilbert Brown, Ilia Ivanov, Stephen Jesse, David Hoelzer, James Bentley, Chong Fu, Michael Miller, Xingqiu Chen, Xun-Li Wang, Benjamin Hay, Jeremy Jackson, David Geohegan, Gernot Rother, Petro Maksymovych, Vincent Meunier, J. Wendelken, Zhenyu Zhang, Gyula Eres, M. Paranthaman, Baohua Gu, Wenguang Zhu, A. Buchanan III, Michelle Kidder, Reza Dabestani, Edward Hagaman, Minghu Pan, John Ankner, Mark Dadmun, S. Kilbey II, John Simpson, Nancy Dudney, Karren More, Ed Hagaman, Bob Shaw, De-en Jiang, Andrew Payzant, Edgar Lara-Curzio, Charles Collier, Seung-Yong Jung, Scott Retterer, Zhiyu Hu, Mark Buckner, Michael Moore, Michael Vann, Nageswara Rao, Lawrence MacIntryre, Miljko Bobrek, Benjamin Huey, Donald Bouldin, A. Qualls, B. Sumpter, S. Labinov, John Neal, Lynn Boatner, Slobodan Rajic, Mallikarjun Shankar, Yu Jiao, Ryan Kerekes, Rick Lusk, Thomas Potok, Timothy Rhyne, Vladimir Protopopescu, William Heller, Yiming Mo, Dean Myles, Greg Smith, Eugene Mamontov, Peter Cummings, Kenneth Herwig, Louis Santodonato, J. Ankner, J. Mays, J. Messman, D. Myles, B. Lokitz, Liyuan Liang, Wei Wang, Alex Johs, Hugh O’Neill, Edward Snell, Chris Tulk, Antonio Dos Santos, Jamie Molaison, Bryan Chakoumakos, Juske Horita, Dave Cole, Robert Welton, F. Baity, Richard Goulding, Andrew Christianson, Sheila Baker, Mark Lumsden, Stephen Nagler, Brian Sales, Thomas Schulthess, Thomas McManamy, Roy Crawford, Phillip Ferguson, James Janney, Mark Rennich, Leighton Coates, Flora Meilleur, Randy Fishman, Lee Robertson, Jian Shen, Wei-Ren Chen, Gregory Smith, William Goddard, Yi Liu, Yun Liu, Lionel Porcar, Pratul Agarwal, Edward Michaud III, Carmen Foster, Martin Keller, Zamin Yang, Amudhan Venkateswaran, Mircea Podar, Christopher Schadt, Steven Brown, Shihui Yang, Timothy Tschaplinski, Dale Pelletier, Gregory Hurst, Yunfeng Yang, Udaya Kalluri, Timothy McKnight, Jennifer Morrell-Falvey, Patricia Lankford, Sara Jawdy, A. Borole, Anthony Palumbo, Nance Ericson, Jeremy Smith, Elissa Chesler, Virginia Dale, Latha Baskaran, Budhendra Bhaduri, Robin Graham, Richard Middleton, Patrick Mulholland, Esther Parish, Alexandre Sorokine, Amy Wolfe, Thomas Wilbanks, Auroop Ganguly, Anthony King, David Erickson, Keith Kline, Sherry Wright, Hector Castro-Gonzalez, Marie De Graaff, Charles Garten III, Aimee Classen, Paul Hanson, Stan Wullschleger, Richard Norby, Kenneth Childs, Warren Thomas, Brynn Voy, Ram Datar, Olaf Storaasli, Edoardo Apra, Jerzy Bernholc, Robert Harrison, William Shelton, Bobby Sumpter, Sudharshan Vazhkudai, John Cobb, Xiaosong Ma, Stephen Scott, Hong Ong, Christian Engelmann, Geoffroy Vallee, Ricky Kendall, Ron Brightwell, Barney Maccabe, T. Schulthess, M. Eisenbach, D. Nicholson, X. Tao, C. Zhou, J. Levesque, Andrey Gorin, Nabeela Ahmad, Andrew Bordner, Jessie Gu, Guruprasad Kora, Chongle Pan, Byung-Hoon Park, Nagiza Samatova, Xiuping Tao, Edward Uberbacher, Kalyan Perumalla, Sudip Seal, Jeffrey Vetter, Srikanth Yoginath, Srdjan Simunovic, Phani Nukala, Kevin Clarno, Ian Gauld, Theodore Besmann, Charles Weber, Warren Grice, Ryan Bennink, Philip Evans, Travis Humble, David Bernholdt, Richard Barrett, Wael Elwasif, Aniruddha Shet, John Drake, J. White III, R. Archibald, J. Drake, K. Evans, D. Kothe, P. Worley, Jim Kohl, Doug Lepro, Dude Neergaard, Thomas Maier, Gonzalo Alvarez, Jeremy Meredith, Michael Summers, Mark Bannister, Robert Hettich, Charles Vane, Charles Havener, Herbert Krause, Michael Fogle, Jr., David Schultz, Robert Continetti, Mats Larsson, Richard Thomas, Mitchel Doktycz, David Allison, Thomas Thundat, Christopher Rey, Abhijeet Borole, Ali Passian, Yisong Wang, Yie Liu, Henry Lin, Boyd Evans, Siyang Zheng, Jason Fowlkes, Philip Rack, James Lee, Barbara Evans, Peter Reilly, Elias Greenbaum, Sylvia McLain, David Baker, Chengdu Liang, Jane Howe, Jun Xu, Radu Custelcean, Steve Overbury, Seth Cohen, Richard Ward, Kara Kruse, James Nutaro, Barbara Beckerman, Oscar Grandas, Xiaohui Cui, B. Radhakrishnan, X.-G. Zhang, An-Ping Li, N. Kulkarni, Shannon Mahurin, Meng-Dawn Cheng, David Gossage, Bruce Wilson, T. Yin, L. Gunter, Ken Littrell, Hassina Bilheux, D. Bjornstad, A. Wolfe, Jeff Warren, Timothy Bigelow, John Caughman, John McKeever, Philip Ryan, Matthew Scudiere, Gary Alley, Nagraj Kulkarni, Hsin Wang, Harry Meyer, Bala Radhakrishnan, Don Nicholson, Peter Todd, Kenneth Tobin, Vincent Paquit, Jeffery Price, John Jansen, Lonnie Love, Peter Lloyd, Christopher Mann, Philip Bingham, John Biggerstaff, Michael Zemel, Brian D’Urso, Randy Lind, Justin Baba, Seung Lee, S. Rajic, P. Datskos, Fernando Reboredo, Chengjun Sun, Xiaoguang Zhang, David Mandrus, C. Narula, M. Moses-DeBusk, A. Buchanan, C. Hsueh, P. Becher, C. Liu, John Wang, Narendra Dahotre, Seokho Kim, Peter Blau, Steve Pawel, Hans Christen, Joachim Schneibel, Michael Brady, Terry Tiegs, John Vitek, J. Horton, Ken Liu, Dan Naus, I. Wright, Lance. Snead, Thak Byun, Roger Miller, B. Bischoff, K. Adcock, Evan Ohriner, Donald Erdmann III, Katyayani Seal, James Haynes, Bruce Pint, Pengcheng Dai, Zheng Gai, Lifeng Yin, Y. Melnichenko, G. Wignall, D. Cole, A. Radlinski, M. Mastalerz, C. Alexander, R. Smithwick, L. Lewis, L. Boatner, Juan Ferrada, Jack Collins, Les Dole, Charles Forsberg, M. Haire, Rodney Hunt, Ben Lewis, Ray Wymer, Jennifer Ladd-Lively, Michael Hu, Lei Shao, Hatice Akkurt, Keith Eckerman, Ida Lee, Sotira Yiacoumi, Daniel Hollenbach, D. Dean, M. Ramsey-Musolf, Michael Smith, Eric Lingerfelt, Kim Buckner, and Caroline Nesaraja

Subjects
Engineering, Aeronautics, business.industry, Annual report, business
Published
2009
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5. Back matter

Author

Abhijeet Borole, Niklas Hedin, Toshiyuki MORI, Farid Akhtar, Guy Ramon, Manfred Martin, and Stephen Maldonado

Subjects
Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Solar energy conversion, Nanowire, Environmental Chemistry, Pollution, Engineering physics, Energy (signal processing)
Published
2012
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7. Improving Activity of Salt-Lyophilized Enzymes in Organic Media.

Author

Abhijeet Borole and Brian Davison

Abstract

Abstract  Lyophilization with salts has been identified as an important method of activating enzymes in organic media. Using salt-activated enzymes to transform molecules tethered to solid surfaces in organic phase requires solubilization of enzymes in the solvents. Methods of improving performance of salt-lyophilized enzymes, further, via chemical modification, and use of surfactants and surfactants to create fine emulsions prior to lyophilization are investigated. The reaction system used is transesterification of N-acetyl phenylalanine ethyl ester with methanol or propanol. Initial rate of formation of amino acid esters by subtilisin Carlsberg (SC) was studied and found to increase two to sevenfold by either chemical modification or addition of surfactants in certain solvents, relative to the salt (only)-lyophilized enzyme. The method to prepare highly dispersed enzymes in a salt-surfactant milieu also improved activity by two to threefold. To test the effect of chemical modification on derivatization of drug molecules, acylation of bergenin was investigated using chemically modified SC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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8. Mesophilic Digestion Kinetics of Manure Slurry.

Author

Khursheed Karim, K. Klasson, Sadie Drescher, Whitney Ridenour, Abhijeet Borole, and Muthanna Al-Dahhan

Abstract

Anaerobic digestion kinetics study of cow manure was performed at 35°C in bench-scale gas-lift digesters (3.78 l working volume) at eight different volatile solids (VS) loading rates in the range of 1.11–5.87 g l−1 day−1. The digesters produced methane at the rates of 0.44–1.18 l l−1 day−1, and the methane content of the biogas was found to increase with longer hydraulic retention time (HRT). Based on the experimental observations, the ultimate methane yield and the specific methane productivity were estimated to be 0.42 l CH4 (g VS loaded)–1 and 0.45 l CH4 (g VS consumed)–1, respectively. Total and dissolved chemical oxygen demand (COD) consumptions were calculated to be 59–17% and 78–43% at 24.4–4.6 days HRTs, respectively. Maximum concentration of volatile fatty acids in the effluent was observed as 0.7 g l–1 at 4.6 days HRT, while it was below detection limit at HRTs longer than 11 days. The observed methane production rate did not compare well with the predictions of Chen and Hashimoto’s [1] and Hill’s [2] models using their recommended kinetic parameters. However, under the studied experimental conditions, the predictions of Chen and Hashimoto’s [1] model compared better to the observed data than that of Hill’s [2] model. The nonlinear regression analysis of the experimental data was performed using a derived methane production rate model, for a completely mixed anaerobic digester, involving Contois kinetics [3] with endogenous decay. The best fit values for the maximum specific growth rate (μ m) and dimensionless kinetic parameter (K) were estimated as 0.43 day–1 and 0.89, respectively. The experimental data were found to be within 95% confidence interval of the prediction of the derived methane production rate model with the sum of residual squared error as 0.02. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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9. Techno-economic analysis of biocatalytic processes for production of alkene epoxides.

Author

Abhijeet Borole and Brian Davison

Abstract

Abstract  A techno-economic analysis of two different bioprocesses was conducted, one for the conversion of propylene to propylene oxide (PO) and other for conversion of styrene to styrene epoxide (SO). The first process was a lipase-mediated chemo-enzymatic reaction, whereas the second one was a one-step enzymatic process using chloroperoxidase. The PO produced through the chemo-enzymatic process is a racemic product, whereas the latter process (based on chloroperoxidase) produces an enantio-pure product. The former process thus falls under the category of high-volume commodity chemical (PO); whereas the latter is a low-volume, high-value product (SO). A simulation of the process was conducted using the bioprocess engineering software SuperPro Designer v6.0 (Intelligen, Inc., Scotch Plains, NJ) to determine the economic feasibility of the process. The purpose of the exercise was to compare biocatalytic processes with existing chemical processes for production of alkene expoxides. The results show that further improvements are needed in improving biocatalyst stability to make these bioprocesses competitive with chemical processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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