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Aim: The purpose of the present research was to evaluate the intermaxillary fixation techniques in maxillofacial trauma surgery in terms of cross infection control. Methodology: A randomized controlled trial which included 120 patients with fractures of the mandible requiring open reduction and fixation. The participants were allocated either to the study group and treated with intraoperative Rapid IMF or to the control group and managed with intraoperative eyelet wire ties. Results: Rapid IMF group had significantly fewer glove perforations than the traditional method (0.67 per operation compared with 1.5), (P < 0.0001). The incidence of skin-penetrating injuries was the same in both groups (rate 0.02/ procedure). The application of Rapid IMF was significantly faster than wiring (P < 0.0001). Minor intraoperative complications were noted in both groups, but more in the Rapid IMF group. Most concerned loosening or fracture of the anchorage ties but the surgical outcome was not affected. Conclusion: Rapid IMF is a safer alternative to wiring methods with significant reduction in glove perforation rates and is quicker to apply than conventional wiring techniques.

Implant abutment screws can fracture due to various biomechanical factors. Improper fit of the prosthesis, inadequate seating of the abutment, occlusal interference, and manufacturing errors are some of the causes that can result in an abutment screw fracture. Retrieval of the retained fractured abutment screw is quite challenging to the clinician. The objective of this review is to provide information on various fractured abutment screw retrieval techniques reported in literature and to formulate a structured treatment protocol for the management of fractured abutment screws.An electronic search of Scopus and PubMed databases was performed for articles between January 1989 and December 2021 using the keywords "Implant screw fracture" and "screw retrieval."Most of the articles were of the opinion that abutment screw fractures occurred due to screw loosening. Both conservative approaches and the use of commercial retrieval kits have been advocated to retrieve the fractured abutment screws. Based on various review articles, an innovative novel technique to retrieve an abutment screw fractured due to excessive torque was devised in our unit.Although clinicians can use various techniques to remove fractured abutment screws, every effort should be made to eliminate the cause of screw fracture. Retrieval of the broken screw fragment should be done judiciously to prevent any internal damage to the implant structure.

Aim To determine the incidence and severity of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in maxillofacial trauma patients and to assess the predisposing factors. Methods and results Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) was assessed as per the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria. The PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), was used initially to screen patients for PTSD for a provisional diagnosis. These provisionally diagnosed patients were then subjected to a structured interview by a Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5). The PTSD status outcome of PCL-5 and CAPS-5 were correlated. PTSD was compared among patients with different types of facial fractures/injuries and also compared based on their anatomic location. The reliability of PCL-5 scale in relation to the structured CAPS-5 was assessed and the specificity was found to be 71.4%. Patients with both aesthetic and functional deformity exhibited greater severity of injury and showed higher incidence of PTSD with higher conversion rate from the 1st month to 3rd month. The frequency of PTSD in deformities with higher severity like zygomaticomaxillary complex injuries was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion A high incidence of PTSD is associated with maxillofacial trauma and early detection is essential.

India and China are counted as relatively ancient and highest populated countries. Basic issues of womanhood, common in both the countries, have been reported to influence occupational well-being through on-job stress from factors like policies, conveniences, basic amenities and workplace environmental settings of women in police organization. There is scanty literature available to comprehend and envisage potential workplace stress factors and how they affect occupational well-being between policewomen in both the countries. The objective of this study thus was to scrutinize job stress of policewomen and occupational well-being context in both India and China on a comparative annotation. The survey was conducted on 43 and 31 policewomen from Guwahati and Hangzhou WPS, respectively. A survey questionnaire was designed using standard procedures (including analysis of reliability and validity by Cronbach’s alpha) to analyse job stress and occupational well-being. It was observed from survey that overall job stress of policewomen in Hangzhou is lower than that in Guwahati. This could perhaps be because of higher number of staff as well as better basic amenities in Hangzhou than Guwahati. These observations were consistent with the reported higher percentage of women workforce and also income in China than India. Womanhood issues at workplace with specific reference to basic amenities are one of the major problems during their duty. On the contrary, Indian policewomen were found to lack even basic facilities and an amiable workplace—giving rise to their on-job stress and affected occupational well-being.

Researches pertaining to the impact of environmental variables on occupational health and productivity have been less reported in the Indian scenario, more specifically in the Indian handloom sectors. Noise is a pivotal environmental factor which remains predominantly high in handlooms throughout the year. The present research is aimed to measure the prevalence of noise in the handlooms and to find its impact on weaver’s health, efficiency, and performance. Present research conducted investigations in ten different handloom clusters (480 looms) of Bargarh district of Odisha, the eastern part of India. Relevant data were collected by physical measurements of the noise level and by gathering responses against a questionnaire. Analysis of the collected data revealed that the prevailed noise level in handloom was higher than recommended standards (45 dBA to 75 dBA) of Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). The noise level in the looms varied across the months (82.16 ± 3.31 to 88.87 ± 2.87 dBA) and across the seasons (87.62 ± 2.36 to 84.34 ± 2.90 dBA). Subjective responses to the impact of noise expressed highly significant (p < 0.001) direct correlation between noise level and the physical, physiological, and psychological discomfort factors. Significant correlations were observed between noise level (dBA) and weavers’ responses against the questionnaire. Correlations between noise level and the psychological discomfort factors were also found significant. Observing the adverse impact of prevalent high noise level on weavers’ occupational health, various feasible and affordable interventions strategies have been recommended to reduce the noise generation and to minimize the weavers’ exposure to noise.

OCCUPATIONAL APPLICATIONS Integrated applications of ergonomics and human factors are crucial for designers of agricultural tools and equipment, to improve performance and to enhance safety and productivity. Tools and equipment that do not fit properly with a user's physical characteristics can cause discomfort and fatigue, and may result in low productivity and a higher incidence of accidents/injuries. For workers in the northeastern region of India, it is often not possible to manufacture or adapt user-compatible tools and equipment due to the limited availability of anthropometric and biomechanical data. The anthropometric database developed here is intended to address this lack of information and to assist in the development of anthropometrically compatible tools and equipment for the Assamese population (residents of “Assam,” a state from the northeast region of India). Statistical analyses (principal component and regression analysis) are also reported to help in identifying key anthropometric chara...

Introduction: The Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection remains a serious public health concern in India and around the world at large. Malignancy is frequent among people living with HIV (PLWH) has become the leading cause of death. The incidence of malignancy among PLWH depends on various factors; virological control under combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), the exposure to oncogenic virus is of utmost importance, which can be prevented with the implementation of specific screening programs. Drug-drug interactions between cART and oncologic treatments can lead to serious adverse effects or to a reduction in the therapeutic effects requiring close monitoring. Methods: This is a single center retrospective study conducted on 42 seropositive patients attending a tertiary care oncology department from July 2005 to June 2021 to assess the demographic profile; laboratory investigations, clinico-pathological correlation, treatment outcome and survival follow up. Results: A total of 26410 patients were registered in the department during this period, out of which 42 (0.16%) were found to be HIV positive. These included head & neck -13; uterine cervix-7; lung -4; esophagus-4; NHL-4; recto sigmoid -3; breast-3; gall bladder; endometrium, choriocarcinoma (CCA) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) one each. Conclusion; Seropositive patients often present in advanced stage of disease but have a good prognosis if treated appropriately with anti-retroviral therapy (ART). Very few studies have been published in India regarding the incidence of malignancy in HIV patients credited as one of the largest study published till date.

Travelers are always in search of destinations whose charm can enthrall them leaving a feeling of belongingness to the place. Cultural tourism is one of the many forms of tourism that has made its way to give travelers a sense of attachment toward the destination. In this regard, a few tourist destinations lack the ability to portray and display their culture. The subject matter is to find out what could be the best way to deliver information about the place, its culture, and lifestyle in a space. A case study has been done on the state of Meghalaya to find out how the tourists visiting the place and natives relate with each other and how the tourists perceive the place. From the data collected, the results showed that cultural exposure is still lacking in the state and the tourists are interested to learn and acquire knowledge about the natives’ lifestyle and tradition.

Traditional systems of anesthesia evaluation do not routinely incorporate cognitive screening into preoperative assessments of vital organ systems. Increasing recognition of the importance of preoperative cognitive assessment of the elderly surgical patient has resulted in a "call to action" from experts in this area. A paradigm shift will be necessary to make this screening routine and not just a research tool. We describe our preliminary experience with developing a training program and implementing routine cognitive screening in a preoperative evaluation clinic. We outline a process showing our successful clinical implementation of sustainable cognitive stratification and documentation of routine cognitive screening.

Impact of environmental stress on occupation well-being of women engaged in police service requires thorough understanding, which is deemed obvious to inspire them to join police organization The objective of this study was to assess environmental stress at the workplace and consequences on occupational well-being of policewomen in two types of regions – Guwahati, (a Metro city of Assam, also its capital city) and Hangzhou, (China). The survey was conducted on 43 policewomen from All Women Police Station (AWPS) of Guwahati and 31 policewomen from Hangzhou city of China. The questionnaire was designed using standard procedures (including analysis of reliability and validity by Cronbach’s alpha) to analyses job stress and occupational well-being. This piece of research attempted to elucidate the real-time scenario and the need of corrective ergonomic design interventions, which when implemented, might reduce the workplace stress, thus making Indian police organizations more women-friendly.

In a matriarchal society like Meghalaya where women are given high value of importance and independence it is seen that their involvement and exposure to work in various spheres is increasing over the years. The matriarchal way of thinking and upbringing has made the women in Meghalaya to inherit a confident, amiable and open-minded persona, which makes them more likely to interact effortlessly with people. There is very less research done on women in a matriarchal society in the field of tourism. There is need to understand and interpret their behavioural patterns and extent of willingness to share their culture with the tourists. Data Collection on 120 indigenous men and women of Meghalaya was done to find out their views on the context of Meghalaya Tourism and the extent of how culture is shared as well as how the level of interaction between the natives and tourists is achieved through tourism was done.

Decline in cognitive functions is a major challenge for professionals during sustained wakefulness. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of meditation as an intervention in the reduction of the cognitive decline during total sleep deprivation (TSD). Healthy male volunteers (n = 10) drawn randomly from the Indian Army participated in a 4-night study design executed before and after 2 months of meditation practice pre-intervention TSD for 24 and 36 h increased dysfunction rating score (DRS) in terms of a decline in remote and recent memory, mental balance, attention/concentration, delayed and immediate recall, verbal retention, and recognition. Visual retention remained unaltered. Stroop color-word interference (SCWI) showed a decline in ‘word’ scores after 36 h, ‘color’ score after 24 h, and ‘color-word’ score after 24 h TSD. Maze tracing test scores decreased after 24 and 36 h TSD. Post-intervention recordings of DRS no longer showed the decline in remote and recent memory, mental balance, attention/concentration, delayed and immediate recall, verbal retention, and recognition, which was seen without intervention. SCWI improved post-intervention with no significant change in ‘word’ scores and ‘color’ scores. However, ‘color-word’ scores remained low after 36 h TSD. Maze tracing test scores improved post-intervention with no significant change after 24 and 36 h TSD. After recovery sleep, there was a significant improvement in all the above measures. It was concluded that meditation could serve as an effective intervention to reduce the cognitive decline during TSD. The study substantiated the potency of meditation in reducing cognitive decline following TSD.

The present research explores the womanhood issues at workplace with specific reference to the basic amenities in the police station; and we aimed to evaluate the occupational well-being of policewomen. For this, forty three (n = 43) women police personnel of mixed age and ethnicity, deployed at the women police station of Pan bazaar, Guwahati, responded to a bipartite questionnaire, which envisioned their present workplace scenario and issues therein. Descriptive analysis was undertaken to understand the problems tackled by women personnel in the police station. Review of the situation and observations obtained through questionnaires revealed the basic inconveniences of policewomen in terms of lacking basic amenities like conveniences and passable privacy at workplace. Ergonomic interventions were proposed after thorough scrutiny of the situations and possibilities to recover from them, and were thus intended to aid policewomen to lessen their problems hindering their well-being.

Over the past decades, there has been a great effort towards the development of the Continuously Variable Transmission (CVT) as it offers a continuum of the gear ratios between the two limits. It also helps in meeting the goal of reduced exhaust transmission, enhances the fuel economy and improves the dynamic performance of the vehicle by matching the engine performance to the road conditions and the traffic problems. The purpose of this paper is to improve and popularize the use of CVT in Indian cars in and below 1000 cc vehicle. The basic idea of this is to benefit the Indian citizens especially the elderly and the differently abled people with a comfortable and easy drive on the present day where traffic is the major problem. The basic concept, mathematical calculations, design procedure of the same has been discussed in detail.

Womanhood issues at workplace with specific reference to basic amenities are major problem in the police duties. This paper looks into the womanhood specific issues at Police Stations. Personal interview and individual responses to a subjective assessment questionnaire were recorded from forty policewomen of different ranks posted in Guwahati, Assam (N = 40, purposive non-probability sampling) to have their views on these issues. A thorough scrutiny of the actual situation revealed critical lack of facilities and basic amenities for policewomen (pertinent to womanhood) at workplace, i.e. the general police stations. Analysis of the responses reflected policewomen to be under stress at their outdoor duties and workplace also, specifically due to the lack of privacy and conveniences facilities. This piece of work depicts the views and feelings of policewomen before and after implementation of proposed design interventions in an existing police station, there by improvement of their occupational wellbeing.

In the north-eastern states of India, paddy threshing is mostly carried out by traditional methods (such as bullock treading; beating by hand; crushing by foot, etc.) which require an enormous physical effort. These discomfited situations expose workers to many risk factors from ergonomics viewpoint. Therefore, it has been perceived that there is a necessity for systematic design and development towards low cost, manually operated, portable thresher considering the contextual need and topo-geographical conditions. The present research demonstrates the development of a concept CAD model of a portable pedal operated paddy thresher and evaluates the model through virtual ergonomic assessment. For virtual ergonomic evaluation of the CAD model of the thresher, customized digital manikins (5th, 50th and 95th percentile models of both male and female) were created in DELMIA software. These manikins represent anthropometric dimensions of the Assamese agricultural worker population. Postural comfort evaluation in virtual environment revealed that the proposed model was found to be acceptable. Following virtual ergonomic evaluation, it is expected that the development of real physical prototype would certainly be cost effective, user-friendly and efficient for small and marginal farmers in the rural area.

The efficacy of modafinil as a countermeasure in the reduction of cognitive decline following 24 h of sleep deprivation (SD) on subjective sleepiness scales, event-related potential (ERP) P300, and contingent negative variation (CNV) was evaluated.Eleven healthy males, age 25-30 years participated. The experiment was performed in five sessions on different days between 7 and 8a.m. Session 1, baseline recordings; Session 2, after one night's SD; Session 3, 48 h of recovery from SD; Session 4, after 1 week of Session 1, following one night's SD along with modafinil (400mg/day); Session 5, 48 h of recovery after SD+modafinil.Subjective sleepiness scores increased significantly after SD as compared to baseline (P0.01), but remained unaltered after modafinil supplementation. There was an increase in N100 and P300 peak latencies of ERP following SD (P0.01), which was reduced with modafinil (P0.05). There was an increase in CNV M100 and P300 peak latencies after SD (P0.01) which decreased with the use of modafinil (P0.05). The CNV reaction time increased following SD (P0.01) and decreased with the use of modafinil (P0.05). No significant effects on ERP N200, P200 latencies and P200, P300 amplitudes and CNV N100, M200 peak latencies and M100, M200 amplitudes were observed.The results strongly suggest that modafinil in a dose of 400mg/day, reduces the subjective sleepiness and cognitive decline following 24 h of SD.

Aims: Surgical management of patients presenting with multiple fractures of the mandible involving condylar segments can be a challenging proposition to the maxillofacial surgeon. These fractures can be double or triple mandibular fractures and may also be in association with panfacial fractures. Even though most authors suggest that the conventional approachof reduction and fixation of the mandibular symphysis/ parasymphysis fractures, prior to addressing the fractured condylar segment is appropriate, there exists another school of thought suggesting that the condylar segment must be reduced and fixed first. This article aims to review the outcomes of surgery when reduction and fixation of the fractured condyle is done prior to other associated mandibular fractures and looks into the various surgical approaches advocated for the same. Materials and Methods: 121 surgically treated patients with multiple (double/ triple) mandibular fractures including a condylar component were reviewed. The preauricular, periangular and the retromandibular (anterior parotid-transmasseteric) approaches were advocated to access the fractured condylar segments. Results: The fractured condyle was the first segment to be addressed during the sequencing of the surgical management, irrespective of the approach used. Good reduction and fixation with limited complications were achieved by addressing the condylar fracture first. Conclusion: Sequencing of multiple mandibular fractures, though the prerogative of the operating surgeon, addressing the condylar segment first, provides the operator with a viable alternative to the conventional technique.

Two relief surfaces that envelop the rock fall region in a part of Garhwal Himalayas around Chamoli have been identified. Relative relief and absolute relief have been analyzed and the enveloping surfaces recorded at two levels of relief in the landscape. All landslide activity lies within these surfaces. The lower enveloping surface (800 m) dips due south by 7-8 degrees, due to an elevation rise of loo meters within 12 km from south to north, i.e., a gradient of 8 percent. The nature of the surface is smooth. The upper enveloping surface (> 2500 m) is almost parallel to the lower one but its surface is undulatory due to landslides and denudation. The area has been a seismically active region and has undergone seismic activity up until recently, as evidenced by the Chamoli earthquake Of 29(th) March 1999. The effects of earthquakes are seen at higher levels in the form of landslide imprints on the terrain.

Aging is associated with decline in cardiovascular, autonomic function, and brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF). Reports are scanty regarding whether yoga can improve age-related degenerative changes in healthy active men. This study is designed to appraise the role of yoga in improving age-related degenerative changes in cardiometabolic risk profile, autonomic function, stress, and BDNF. Healthy active males of three age groups (20–29, 30–39, and 40–49 years) were randomly assigned to practice yoga daily 1 h for 3 months. Significantly higher values of heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), load in heart (DoP), myocardial oxygen consumption (RPP), and total cholesterol (TC) were noted in senior age group. HR, BP, DoP, RPP, and TC decreased significantly following yogic practice. High frequency (HF), total power (TP), all time domain variables of heart rate variability (HRV), and skin conductance (SC) were significantly decreased with advancement of age. HF, TP, and time domain parameters of HRV and SC increased significantly following yogic practice. Higher levels of catecholamines and low frequency (LF) power of HRV was noted with advancement of age. Levels of catecholamines and LF significantly decreased following yogic practice. Cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) level raised in senior age group. BDNF, serotonin, and dopamine were low in higher age group. Significant decrement of cortisol; ACTH; and increment in serotonin, dopamine, and BDNF was noted following yogic practice. This study revealed that yogic practices might help in the prevention of age-related degeneration by changing cardiometabolic risk factors, autonomic function, and BDNF in healthy male.

Background & objectives: Decline in cognitive functions is a major challenge for professionals during sustained wakefulness. We used middle latency response (MLR), event related potentials P300-ERP and contingent negative variation (CNV) and Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices (RAPM) - a standard neuropsychological test were used to evaluate cognitive impairment after total sleep deprivation (SD); and to study the impact of meditation as an intervention for this impairment. Methods: Healthy male volunteers (n=10) drawn randomly from the Indian Army participated in a 6-night study design executed before and after two months of meditation practice: night 1–adaptation, night 2–baseline, night 3–24 h SD, night 4-recovery sleep, night 5–24 h SD after 60 days meditation, night 6-recovery sleep after SD. A 36 h SD was obtained by keeping the subject awake for 12 h after 24 h SD. Results: The latency and amplitude of P300 increased after 36 h SD. Amplitudes and latencies of both early and late CNV increased after 24 and 36 h SD, indicating deficient orientation and impairment of attention and perception. Prolonged CNV reaction time after 36 h SD manifested deficient motor response following second (imperative) stimulus. Latency of MLR Na registered significant change following 36 h SD compared to baseline (P

The efficacy of a 30-min nap as a countermeasure in the reduction of cognitive decline following 24 h of sleep deprivation (SD) on subjective sleepiness scales, event-related potential (ERP) P300, and contingent negative variation (CNV) was evaluated. The experiment was performed in three sessions on different days between 7 and 8 a.m. on nine normal, healthy males, of age 25–30 years: Session 1. Baseline recordings; Session 2, after one night’s total sleep deprivation, and; Session 3, after 1 week of Session 1, following one night’s sleep deprivation along with a 30-min nap opportunity between 1.00 and 3.00 a.m. Subjective sleepiness scores increased after SD as compared to baseline, but reduced significantly after nap (P

The study aimed to assess and compare the physical and physiological performances of Indian female college basketball players (BB) with sedentary females (SS) of same age group. Randomly selected 20 female college students, 10 each in 2 groups, BB (19.0 ± 0.8) and SS (19.7 ± 1.3) respectively, volunteered for this study. Standing height, body weight, resting blood pressure, resting and maximum heart rate (RHR and MHR respectively), resting oxygen consumption (VO2rest), maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max), anaerobic power, hand grip strength (HGS) and back leg strength (BLS) were recorded. Body surface area (BSA), body mass index (BMI), maximum oxygen pulse (O2Pmax), fatigue percentage and relative peak power output (RPP) were calculated. Significant difference was observed between BB and SS in body weight (P