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The goal of the study was to see if gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and silica gold nanoparticles (Si-GNPs) could help cancer cells phagocytes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-VIS) absorptions were used to characterize the nanomaterial's. In both in vitro and in vivo conditions, the GNPs and Si-GNPs enhanced macrophage phagocytosis capabilities, resulting in the annihilation of cancer cells. The effect of GNPs and Si-GNPs in Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels was investigated in Ehrlich tumor cells using Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay. The results shows the ability of GNPs and Si-GNPs to increase TNF-α and IL-8 in treated Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC). It was found that the most effect was in Si-GNPs group. GNPs and Si-GNPs enhance phagocytic cells for increased granzyme and perforin-mediated cancer cell death on a regular basis. Overall, the findings showed that GNPs and Si-GNPs improved phagocytic cell activation, which might be employed as a promising technique for managing cancer cells by enhancing cell death via a Granzyme-perforin dependent mechanism.

This study was conducted to reveal the chemical components, amino acids, flavonoids and vitamin C ofthe aqueous leaves extract of Moringaoliefera plant grown in AL-Ramadi city in Iraq, because these herbalplants have medicinal and nutritional importance.material and method.The leaves were collected fromMoringaOleifera tree grown in the home garden, aqueous extract was prepared and GC-MS analysis, aminoacid diagnostics, flavonoids diagnosis and vitamin C analysis were performed. Results sixteen chemicalconstituents were identified in the leaf aqueous extract; The most important of these compounds Decanoicacid(1.14%),17- Octadecynoic acid (29.24%), (7.51%). 12 types of essential and non-essential aminoacids were diagnosed.Extraction of phenolic compound showed presence of quercetine(245.7 ppm) andkaemferal(299.6 ppm). Vitamin C content in fresh samples of leaves of M. olifera were determined by theHPLC method was (250.2 ppm).

Moringa oleifera is an important traditional medicinal plant usedfor the treatment of many health problems.It is widely cultivated across the world but it has not well known orwell-studied in Iraq. Therefore, the aimof this study is to identify the bioactive compounds present in acetone:methanol (1:1) seeds extractof IraqiMoringa olieifera by using GC-Mass Spectrophotometry.The results of this analysis revealed 41 compounds which include ,terpenes ( cis-beta-Ocimene 0.97%,Cedrene 0.20%, Cedrenol 1.40%, Verrucarol 0.29 , Dehydroxy-isocalamendiol 0.09% , beta-Myrcene0.14% , 3-Thujene 0.06%, Ocimene 0.72% , Sabinene 0.37% Aromadendrene 1.54%) , phenols (0.34%,Eugenol 0.49%, cis-Isoeugenol 1.21%, Methoxyeugenol 0.26%, Ferrocene 0.57%, Phenol, 2-methoxy-4-(1-propenyl)-, (Z) 0.34 , Oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octan-2-one -7-neopentylidene) 0.61% ) , fatty acid methyl esters( n-Tridecanoic acid 0.15% , Undecanoic acid 0.09% , Pentadecanoic acid 34.43%, 4-Hexadienal 1.52% ,Dodecanoic acid 11.02% , cis-Vaccenic acid 21.39%, Hexadecenoic acid 0.15% , Eicosanoic acid 0.03%), acid(myristicin,7.8%), Phenyl propanoid (Asarone, 4.99%), Antioxidant (-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 1.38%),Drug (Berbine, 2,3,9,10-tetramethoxy, 0.73%), Drug (Thiazolo, 0.63%), aldehyde (Trimethylsilyl vanillin,0.61%), hormone (Octenoic acid, 0.46%), Amine (ethyl ester, 0.42%), Carboxylic acid (Dimethylandrost5-en-3-one, 0.28%), Terpenoid (Lavandulol, 0.19%), Heterocyclic compound (Buten-3-one, 1-(2-carboxy4,4-dimethylcyclobutenyl, 0.18%), Volatile oil (Butanoic acid, 0.16%), Fatty alcohol (1-Heptatriacontanol,0.12%), Hydroxy carbon-alkene-(Carene, 0.11%).It can be concluded from this study that the seeds are considered a rich source of bioactive compounds.

Background: Vitamin D and Leptin appears to play a range of roles in beta cell growth and insulin secretion and most importantly interaction with other hormonal mediators and regulators of energy and metabolism. Objective: The aim of this study was to measure serum leptin and vitamin D levels and to investigate their relationships with vitamin D and other clinical laboratory parameters in patients with type II diabetes. Subjects and Methods: Blood samples were taken from 80 patients with type II diabetes mellitus encountered during their attending the Internal Medicine clinic consultancy in Ramadi Teaching Hospital and the National Diabetes Center for Treatment and Research at Al-Mustansiriya University and 60 healthy subject. From December 2014 to November 2015. Investigations included serum Leptin, 25OHD, Insulin, HbA1c using ELISA and biochemical test.Results: The median concentration of serum 25 OH vitamin D of patients (15.70 ng/ ml) was significantly lower than healthy controls (20.27 ng/ ml). The rate of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) was significantly higher in patients (82.5%) than healthy controls (48.3%). The serum insulin and HOMA-IR were significant increase in patients had vitamin D < 20 ng/ml when compared with an insufficient/normal group. There were no significant differences in leptin levels between type II DM and healthy control. Conclusion: These results strongly support the role of vitamin D deficiency and serum leptin in pathogenesis of type II diabetes.

This work was conducted to study the protective role of Moringa oliefera seeds extract (MSE) against the toxic effect of commercial lead nanoparticles (CPbNP) in rats. Twenty eight albino male rats were divided into four groups (seven animals in each one) as follow: (A) control group, (B) 160mg/kg body weight per day (b. wt./d.) of M. oliefera (MSE)seed extract, (C): 5mg CPbNP/kg b. wt./d. and (D): MSE + CPbNP. The experimental period was 45 days. Blood was drawn for protein and enzyme estimation at the end of the period of exposure. The rats were dissected and the liver, kidney, spleen and muscle were isolated for Pb estimation. Results showed that the levels of bioaccumulated lead, serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, malondialdehyde were significantly increased in exposed animals to CPbNP (P < 0.05). In contrast, there was a significant reduction of total proteins, albumin, glutathione, superoxide dismutase enzyme and catalase enzyme activities (P < 0. 05) in comparison to control. But the administration of the CPbNP with MSE, all the above biochemical changes were improved significantly. It is concluded that CPbNP has a significant toxic effect on rats, and that seed extract of M. Oleifera can reduce it.

The results of this investigation had demonstrated the production of aflatoxins from Aspergillus flavus and study effects on humoral immune by measuring the concentrations of immunoglobulins IgA, IgG, IgM, IgE and measurement of concentrations of the complements C3, C4 in mice with treated of Aflatoxin B1. The results of qualities analysis HPLC showed the ability of isolation of Aspergillus flavus from chips, macroni, red sun flower, shamia, hazelnut, corn and peanut and isolate from fish to produce aflatoxin with different rate. The isolation of Aspergillus flavus which isolated from peanuts recoded the highest rate of production of aflatoxin B1 which it reached to (213760.28) ppm. 40 male mice were used experimentation they divided into eight groups. Three groups of mice were gave aflatoxin B1 56.3 ppm and after 2 hours treated by ethanolic extracts crude phenol and alkaloid in 250 mg/ ml while the fourth group was given aflatoxin B1 only, while the fifth, sixth and seventh groups were treated with ethanolic extracts only and the eight group was given control groups PBS. The results of study showed a significant increase in concentrations immunoglobulins IgA, IgG, IgM in the mice that dosage of extracts crude after gave aflatoxin B1 56.3 ppm it reached the highest concentration of IgA, IgG, IgM (139. 06, 3223.80, 339.66) mg/ 100 ml respectively compared with positive control that gave aflatoxin only it reached IgA, IgG, IgM (20. 23, 108.66, 25.30) mg/ 100 ml respectively. The results of the study also recoded a significant increase in the IgE concentration of 22 IU in mice that gave the crude extract after giving aflatoxin B1 with concentrations of 56.3 ppm compared to positive control of 2.83 IU. The results of the study showed a significant increase in concentration of complements C3, C4 in mice that dosage ethanolic extracts crude phenols and alkaloid after two hours gave aflatoxin B1. The highest concentration of C3, C4 (279.33, 132.20) mg/ 100 ml respectively in mice that gave crude extract after given aflatoxin B1 in compared with positive control that gave aflatoxin B1 only it reached concentrations C3, C4 (12, 17.50) mg/ 100 ml respectively. We concluded of that caper plant has immune stimulatory effects in mice.

Background : Considerable attention is focused on effects of static magnetic field (SMF) and its increasing use in everyday life. Appliances and various equipments are sources of static magnetic fields with awide – range of technical characteristics. Objective: In this study we investigated the effect of (SMF) (750 G, 1500 G and 3000 G) on testis and epididymis duct in mice. Materials and Methods: Fifty BALB\C mice were selected and divided in to four groups (Control and 3 experimental), while control was not exposed to SMF, the experimental group was exposed to SMF (750 G, 1500 G and 3000 G) for 30 days. At the end of 30 days, the mice were weighted sacrificed dissected, after then the testis and epididymis were weighted separately and samples from testis and epididymis duct in all groups were taken and processed for light microscopic studies. Fifty microscopic fields from each group were randomly selected. The diameters and the

The aim of this study is to follow the changes in proteins and some enzyme activities inCyprinus carpio were exposed Fish intestine of common carp exposed to magnetized water.to magnetized water for 8 days. Magnetic intensities of 750, 1500 and 3000 gauss were usedto magnetize water. The activities of enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, ALTand AST) were followed in the fish intestine. Besides, an electrophoresis change in esteraseenzyme was used to fallow. Activities of all enzymes were increased in the intestine of fishexposed to magnetized water. A new bands of esterase were induced which stained with alphanaphthyl acetate on polyacrylamid gel electrophoresis, while no changes in protein bandswere observed.

1. Callianassa tyrrhena shrimps were exposed to 0.2–0.8 mg Cd/l of sea-water for 2–8 days and hepatopancreas extracts were analysed. 2. Cadmium accumulation was dose- and time-dependent with the metal concentration being 7–12 times higher in hepatopancreas than in the total of the rest of body tissues. 3. Soluble cadmium was found bound to proteins of apparent molecular size > 70,000, 15,000 and 7500; the latter two being the major forms in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol. 4. Cadmium caused significant changes in the protein components of tissue extracts observed by electrophoresis and RP-HPLC techniques. 5. In vitro, cadmium inhibited glutathione S-transferase and esterase activity. In contrast, in vivo, cadmium caused a dose-dependent increase in activity of the above enzymes. For esterases, this was caused by the differential activation of multiple molecular forms. 6. Cadmium affected differently alkaline phosphatase activity in vivo with an increase at low- and a decrease at high-metal concentrations.