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1. Assessment of pesticides residue in selected arable farm lands in Ogbomoso South local government area of Oyo state, Nigeria.

Author

Adesina, G. O., Adelasoye, K. A., Akinjide, B. I., Abiola, S. O., and Adeniji, A. A.

Subjects
PESTICIDES, FARMERS' attitudes, SOIL sampling, LOCAL government
Abstract

Pesticide residues in soils and farmlands have long been an important concern in agricultural safety. In developing countries, ignorance and illiteracy among untutored farmers have greatly contributed to this issue, as several pesticides (herbicides, insecticides, etc.) can leave residues in the soil. The study was carried out in selected arable farms in Ogbomoso South Local Government Area of Oyo state to evaluate and determine the possibility of pesticide residues in the soils of farmers who are fond of using pesticides in crop production. Questionnaires were administered to farmers in the study area and soil samples were collected from some of the farms owned by farmers interviewed and found to have relevant pesticide usage history. Additionally, soil samples were collected from farms with no records of pesticide usage which served as control. Subsequently, these soil samples were then taken to the laboratory for analysis of pesticide residue. The average pH was 5.56 mg/kg for farmlands with pesticide usage and 5.63 mg/kg for those with no pesticide usage, respectively. The average level of metabolites of d-BHC, Chlorothalonil, Alachlor, Aldrin, Dacthal, Heptachlor epoxide, g-Chlordane, and Trans-nonachlor for arable lands where there was pesticide usage and where none were used were 32.41 mg/kg and 39.27 mg/kg, 0.62 mg/kg and 1.05 mg/kg, 1.39 mg/kg and 2.14 mg/kg, N.D and 1.5 mg/kg, 3.91 mg/kg and 10.65 mg/kg, 5.43 mg/kg and 7.62 mg/kg, 6.68 mg/kg and 7.47 mg/kg, and 4.78 mg/kg and 6.4 mg/kg, respectively. The results showed that pesticide usage left residues in the soil and the standard of measuring the amount (whether low or high) is still unavailable in the literature and most importantly for many herbicides in use within the study area. Since there is a leftover chemical residue in the soil, there is therefore the need for a quality assurance body to evaluate what is placed on the table of consumers from the markets and this is currently lacking in the food supply chain in Nigeria and if not in Africa. In conclusion, there is a need for public awareness and education among farmers to know the dangers inherent in the use of pesticides so that precautionary measures will be taken in the application of pesticides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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2. Traffic Congestion On Highways In Nigeria Causes, Effects And Remedies

Author

Popoola M. O., Abiola S. O., and Adeniji W. A.

Subjects
Nigeria, Highways, Congestion, Traffic, traffic management, Traffic congestion
Abstract

This study investigates the causes, effects and remedies of traffic congestion which has become a common sight in most highways in Nigeria; Mowe/Ibafo section of the Lagos-Ibadan expressway was used as the case-study. 300 Structured questionnaires were distributed among the road users comprising drivers (Private and Commercial), passengers, pedestrians, traffic officers, church congregations, community leaders, Mowe/Ibafo residents, and other users of the road. 300 questionnaires were given out; the average of 276 well completed returned questionnaires formed the basis of the study and was analyzed by the Relative Importance Index (R.I.I.). The result from the study showed the causes of traffic congestion as inadequate road capacity, poor road pavement, poor traffic management, poor drainage system poor driving habit, poor parking habit, poor design junctions/round-about, presence of heavy trucks, lack of pedestrian facilities, lack of road furniture, lack of parking facilities and others. Effects of road congestion from the study are waste of time, delay movement, stress, accident, inability to forecast travel of time, fuel consumption, road rage, relocation, night driving, and environmental pollution. To drastically reduce these negative effects; there must be provision for adequate parking space, construction of proper drainage, enlarging the width of the road, rehabilitate all roads needing attention, public enlightenment, traffic education, hack down all illegal buildings/shops built on the right of way (ROW), create a separate/alternative root for trucks and heavy vehicles, provision of pedestrian facilities, In-depth training of transport/traffic personnel, ban all form of road trading/hawking, and reduce the number of bus-stop where necessary. It is hoped that this study will become the foundation of further research in the area of improve road traffic management on our major highway., {"references":["","Aderamo, A. J and Atomode. T.I. (2011) Traffic Congestion at Road Intersection in Ilorin, Nigeria. Australian Journal of Basics and Applied Sciences, 5 (9). 1439-1448.","Agbonika, F.O (2011). Road Traffic Congestion and the quest for effective Transportation. Proceedings of the National Conference of Nigerian Society of Engineers in Calabar.","Aworemi, J. R., Abdul-Azeez, I. A., Oyedokun, A. J. and Adewoye, J. O (2009) A study of the causes, effects and Ameliorative Measures of Road Traffic Congestion in Lagos Metropolis. European Journal of Social Sciences. II (1), 2009.","Bashiru, A. R. and Waziri, O. O. (2008). Analysis of intra-Urban Traffic Problems in Nigeria: A study of Lagos Metropolis. Indonesian Journal of Geography 40 (1), 31-51.","Haruna. M. S. (2011). Road Surveillance as a Remedy for Effective Transportation in Nigeria.","Igwe, C. N et al (2011). Effective Transportation System in Nigeria: The Challenge of Nigerian Entrepreneurs Poor Designs. Proceedings of the National Conference of Nigerian Society of Engineers in Calabar.","Lim, E.C., & Alum, J., (1995). Construction productivity: issues encountered by contractors in Singapore. International Journal of Project Management, 13 (1), 51–58.","Momoh, O. A (2011). Transportation planning and management for economic development: Global best practices. Proceedings of the National Conference of Nigerian Society of Engineers in Calabar.","Moses S.O (2011), Information technology applications in transportation system. Proceedings of the National Conference of Nigerian Society of Engineers in Calabar.\n[10] OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) and ECMT (European Conference of Ministers of Transport). Joint Transport Research Centre (2007). Managing Urban Traffic Congestion (Summary Document). \n[11] Ogunbodede, E.F (nd) Assessment of Traffic Congestions in Akure (Nigerian) Using GIS Approach: Lessons and Challenges for Urban Substances. \n[12] Ogunsanya A.A (2002). Maker and Breakers of Cities. 59th Inaugural Lecture, University of Ilorin. \n[13] Onokala, P.C. (2008) Contribution of Road Transportation to Environmental Degradation in Nigerian Urban Centres : A Critical Analysis. Annual Conference on Public Transportation at the Lagos Sheraton Hotel & Towers Ikeja.\n\n "]}

Published
2013
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3. Diagnosis and treatment in chronic pancreatitis: an international survey and case vignette study

Author

Yama Issa, Hjalmar C. van Santvoort, Paul Fockens, Marc G. Besselink, Thomas L. Bollen, Marco J. Bruno, Marja A. Boermeester, Frank G. Moody, Claude Bertrand, Colin Johnson, Aude van Lander, Ross Carter, John B. Conneely, Frederik Berrevoet, Donzília Sousa Silva, Zong-Fang Li, Philippe Lévy, Kofi Oppong, Timothy B. Gardner, C. Mel Wilcox, Jeremy French, Michael Steer, Edward L. Bradley, Peter Layer, Bertrand Napoleon, Jorge Antonio Mosquera, D.J. Gouma, Roland Andersson, Antonio Manzelli, J.M. Klaase, Massimo Falconi, Enrique de-Madaria, Riccardo Casadei, Giuseppe Malleo, Raffaele Pezzilli, Ewa Malecka-Panas, Matthias Lohr, Julia Mayerle, Erik A.J. Rauws, Martin L. Freeman, Affirul Chairil Ariffin, Bhavin Vasavada, Paul Bo-San Lai, Jose Luis Beristain-Hernandez, Álvarez Juan, Haralds Plaudis, Dionisios Vrochides, Vincenzo Neri, Vimalraj Velayutham, Aleksey Andrianov, Joan Figueras, Kjetil Soreide, Aliaksei Shcherba, Mahir Gachabayov, Roger G. Keith, Georgios Tsoulfas, Michael Anthony Fink, Stefano Crippa, Mehrdad Nikfarjam, Dibyajyoti Bora, Rajendra Desai, Marcello Donati, Jan Jin Bong, Emma Martínez Moneo, Gareth Morris-Stiff, Ahmet Coker, Alexandre Prado de Resende, Suryabhan Sakhahari Bhalerao, Sadiq S. Sikora, Dezső Kelemen, László Czakó, Hariharan Ramesh, Oleg Rummo, Aliaksei Fedaruk, Alexey Hlinnik, Madhusudhan Chinthakindi, Traian Dumitrascu, Vyacheslav Egorov, Vincent Bettschart, Michele Molinari, E. Aldana D. Guillermo, Susan L. Orloff, Daniel Vasilev Kostov, Laurent Sulpice, Brett Knowles, Yasutoshi Kimura, Gabriele Marangoni, Rajeev Joshi, Tibor Gyökeres, null Bedin, V. Vladimir, Arpad Ivanecz, Adelmo Antonucci, Jones A.O. Omoshoro-Jones, Richard Nakache, Marco Del Chiaro, Marianne Johnstone, Tomoaki Saito, Gianpaolo Balzano, Serge Chooklin, Piero Boraschi, Walter Park, Pedro Nuno Valente Reis Pereira, Nico Pagano, Pavlos Lykoudis, Lars Ivo Partecke, Aliaksandr Siatkouski, Rosa Jorba Martín, Yasunari Kawabata, Luís Carvalho Lourenço, Carlos Marra-Lopez, Jun Kyu Lee, Nils Habbe, Robert C. Verdonk, Yliya Rabotyagova, Rupjyoti Talukdar, Luca Frulloni, Shamil Galeev, Zoltán Berger, Takeo Yasuda, Thilo Hackert, Ziyovuddin Saatov, Dimitri Aristotle Raptis, Jaume Boadas, Francesco Vitali, Livia Archibugi, Miroslav Ryska, Balazs Tihanyi, Vikesh K. Singh, Atsushi Masamune, Paul Yeaton, Kerrington D. Smith, Shrey Modi, Laura Cosen-Binker, Savio George Barreto, Eugenio Morandi, Sergio Valeri, Cintia Yoko Morioka, Luis F. Lara, Yoshifumi Takeyama, Frank G. Gress, Young-Dong Yu, Ezio Gaia, Sorin Traian Barbu, Ali Tüzün İnce, Akkraporn Deeprasertvit, Yu-Ting Chang, Stephen Olusola Abiola, Sabite Kacar, Peter Muscarella, Henri Braat, Samuel Han, Ali A. Aghdassi, Jean-Louis Frossard, Jill P. Smith, M.P. Schwartz, H.M. van Dullemen, N.G. Venneman, B.W.M. Spanier, Sjoerd Kuiken, Erwin van Geenen, Greg Beilman, Georgios Papachristou, Oscar Chapa Azuela, P. van der Schaar, Nevin Oruc, Marie-Paule Anten, William H. Nealon, Jesús García-Cano, Manol Jovani, Ziad Melki, Mustafa Mohammed Ahmed Ibrahim, M.U. Awajdarip, Mohammad Azam, K.G. Sabu, Igor Ermolaev, Shiran Shetty, Belei Oana, Juris Pokrotnieks, Malgorzata Lazuchiewicz-Kot, Riadh Bouali, Marek Winiarski, Marcus Schmitt, Mihai Rimbas, Alexander Meining, Bories Erwan, Peter N. Meier, Rainer Schoefl, Ahmed Youssef Altonbary, Igor Marsteller, Ingo Wallstabe, Skerdi Prifti, Arnaud Lemmers, M. Horvath, Ajay Kumar, Joseph J. Palermo, Issa, Y., van Santvoort, H. C., Fockens, P., Besselink, M. G., Bollen, T. L., Bruno, M. J., Boermeester, M. A., Moody, F. G., Bertrand, C., Johnson, C., van Lander, A., Carter, R., Conneely, J. B., Berrevoet, F., Sousa Silva, D., Li, Z. -F., Levy, P., Oppong, K., Gardner, T. B., Wilcox, C. M., French, J., Steer, M., Bradley, E. L., Layer, P., Napoleon, B., Mosquera, J. A., Gouma, D. J., Andersson, R., Manzelli, A., Klaase, J. M., Falconi, M., de-Madaria, E., Casadei, R., Malleo, G., Pezzilli, R., Malecka-Panas, E., Lohr, M., Mayerle, J., Rauws, E. A. J., Freeman, M. L., Ariffin, A. C., Vasavada, B., Lai, P. B. -S., Beristain-Hernandez, J. L., Juan, A., Plaudis, H., Vrochides, D., Neri, V., Velayutham, V., Andrianov, A., Figueras, J., Soreide, K., Shcherba, A., Gachabayov, M., Keith, R. G., Tsoulfas, G., Fink, M. A., Crippa, S., Nikfarjam, M., Bora, D., Desai, R., Donati, M., Bong, J. J., Martinez Moneo, E., Morris-Stiff, G., Coker, A., de Resende, A. P., Bhalerao, S. S., Sikora, S. S., Kelemen, D., Czako, L., Ramesh, H., Rummo, O., Fedaruk, A., Hlinnik, A., Chinthakindi, M., Dumitrascu, T., Egorov, V., Bettschart, V., Molinari, M., Guillermo, E. A. D., Orloff, S. L., Kostov, D. V., Sulpice, L., Knowles, B., Kimura, Y., Marangoni, G., Joshi, R., Gyokeres, T., Bedin, Vladimir, V., Ivanecz, A., Antonucci, A., Omoshoro-Jones, J. A. O., Nakache, R., Del Chiaro, M., Johnstone, M., Saito, T., Balzano, G., Chooklin, S., Boraschi, P., Park, W., Pereira, P. N. V. R., Pagano, N., Lykoudis, P., Partecke, L. I., Siatkouski, A., Martin, R. J., Kawabata, Y., Lourenco, L. C., Marra-Lopez, C., Lee, J. K., Habbe, N., Verdonk, R. C., Rabotyagova, Y., Talukdar, R., Frulloni, L., Galeev, S., Berger, Z., Yasuda, T., Hackert, T., Saatov, Z., Raptis, D. A., Boadas, J., Vitali, F., Archibugi, L., Ryska, M., Tihanyi, B., Singh, V. K., Masamune, A., Yeaton, P., Smith, K. D., Modi, S., Cosen-Binker, L., Barreto, S. G., Morandi, E., Valeri, S., Morioka, C. Y., Lara, L. F., Takeyama, Y., Gress, F. G., Yu, Y. -D., Gaia, E., Barbu, S. T., Ince, A. T., Deeprasertvit, A., Chang, Y. -T., Abiola, S. O., Kacar, S., Muscarella, P., Braat, H., Han, S., Aghdassi, A. A., Frossard, J. -L., Smith, J. P., Schwartz, M. P., van Dullemen, H. M., Venneman, N. G., Spanier, B. W. M., Kuiken, S., van Geenen, E., Beilman, G., Papachristou, G., Chapa Azuela, O., van der Schaar, P., Oruc, N., Anten, M. -P., Nealon, W. H., Garcia-Cano, J., Jovani, M., Melki, Z., Ibrahim, M. M. A., Awajdarip, M. U., Azam, M., Sabu, K. G., Ermolaev, I., Shetty, S., Oana, B., Pokrotnieks, J., Lazuchiewicz-Kot, M., Bouali, R., Winiarski, M., Schmitt, M., Rimbas, M., Meining, A., Erwan, B., Meier, P. N., Schoefl, R., Altonbary, A. Y., Marsteller, I., Wallstabe, I., Prifti, S., Lemmers, A., Horvath, M., Kumar, A., Palermo, J. J., Surgery, Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, CCA - Cancer Treatment and Quality of Life, CCA - Imaging and biomarkers, AGEM - Digestive immunity, AGEM - Re-generation and cancer of the digestive system, Cancer Center Amsterdam, APH - Methodology, AII - Infectious diseases, Issa, Yama, van Santvoort, Hjalmar C., Fockens, Paul, Besselink, Marc G., Bollen, Thomas L., Bruno, Marco J., Boermeester, Marja A., Moody, Frank G., Bertrand, Claude, Johnson, Colin, van Lander, Aude, Carter, Ro, Conneely, John B., Berrevoet, Frederik, Sousa Silva, Donzã­lia, Zong-Fang, Li, Lã©vy, Philippe, Oppong, Kofi, Gardner, Timothy B., Wilcox, C. Mel, French, Jeremy, Steer, Michael, Bradley, Edward L., Layer, Peter, Napoleon, Bertrand, Mosquera, Jorge Antonio, Andersson, Roland, Manzelli, Antonio, Falconi, Massimo, de-Madaria, Enrique, Casadei, Riccardo, Malleo, Giuseppe, Pezzilli, Raffaele, Malecka-Panas, Ewa, Lohr, Matthia, Mayerle, Julia, Rauws, Erik A. J., Freeman, Martin L., Ariffin, Affirul Chairil, Vasavada, Bhavin, Lai, Paul Bo-San, Beristain-Hernandez, Jose Lui, Juan, à lvarez, Plaudis, Harald, Vrochides, Dionisio, Neri, Vincenzo, Velayutham, Vimalraj, Andrianov, Aleksey, Figueras, Joan, Soreide, Kjetil, Shcherba, Aliaksei, Gachabayov, Mahir, Keith, Roger G., Tsoulfas, Georgio, Fink, Michael Anthony, Crippa, Stefano, Nikfarjam, Mehrdad, Bora, Dibyajyoti, Desai, Rajendra, Donati, Marcello, Bong, Jan Jin, Martínez Moneo, Emma, Morris-Stiff, Gareth, Coker, Ahmet, de Resende, Alexandre Prado, Bhalerao, Suryabhan Sakhahari, Sikora, Sadiq S., Kelemen, Dezså, Czakã³, Lã¡szlã³, Ramesh, Hariharan, Rummo, Oleg, Fedaruk, Aliaksei, Hlinnik, Alexey, Chinthakindi, Madhusudhan, Dumitrascu, Traian, Egorov, Vyacheslav, Bettschart, Vincent, Molinari, Michele, Guillermo, E. Aldana D., Orloff, Susan L., Kostov, Daniel Vasilev, Sulpice, Laurent, Knowles, Brett, Kimura, Yasutoshi, Marangoni, Gabriele, Joshi, Rajeev, Gyã¶keres, Tibor, Bedin, Null, Ivanecz, Arpad, Antonucci, Adelmo, Omoshoro-Jones, Jones A. O., Nakache, Richard, Del Chiaro, Marco, Johnstone, Marianne, Saito, Tomoaki, Balzano, Gianpaolo, Chooklin, Serge, Boraschi, Piero, Park, Walter, Pereira, Pedro Nuno Valente Rei, Pagano, Nico, Lykoudis, Pavlo, Partecke, Lars Ivo, Siatkouski, Aliaksandr, Martã­n, Rosa Jorba, Kawabata, Yasunari, Lourenã§o, Luís Carvalho, Marra-Lopez, Carlo, Lee, Jun Kyu, Habbe, Nil, Verdonk, Robert C., Rabotyagova, Yliya, Talukdar, Rupjyoti, Frulloni, Luca, Galeev, Shamil, Berger, Zoltã¡n, Yasuda, Takeo, Hackert, Thilo, Saatov, Ziyovuddin, Raptis, Dimitri Aristotle, Boadas, Jaume, Vitali, Francesco, Archibugi, Livia, Ryska, Miroslav, Tihanyi, Balaz, Singh, Vikesh K., Masamune, Atsushi, Yeaton, Paul, Smith, Kerrington D., Modi, Shrey, Cosen-Binker, Laura, Barreto, Savio George, Morandi, Eugenio, Valeri, Sergio, Morioka, Cintia Yoko, Lara, Luis F., Takeyama, Yoshifumi, Gress, Frank G., Young-Dong, Yu, Gaia, Ezio, Barbu, Sorin Traian, Ä°nce, Ali Tüzün, Deeprasertvit, Akkraporn, Chang, Yu-Ting, Abiola, Stephen Olusola, Kacar, Sabite, Muscarella, Peter, Braat, Henri, Han, Samuel, Aghdassi, Ali A., Frossard, Jean-Loui, Smith, Jill P., Kuiken, Sjoerd, van Geenen, Erwin, Beilman, Greg, Papachristou, Georgio, Chapa Azuela, Oscar, Oruc, Nevin, Anten, Marie-Paule, Nealon, William H., García-Cano, Jesãº, Jovani, Manol, Melki, Ziad, Ibrahim, Mustafa Mohammed Ahmed, Azam, Mohammad, Ermolaev, Igor, Shetty, Shiran, Oana, Belei, Pokrotnieks, Juri, Lazuchiewicz-Kot, Malgorzata, Bouali, Riadh, Winiarski, Marek, Schmitt, Marcu, Rimbas, Mihai, Meining, Alexander, Erwan, Borie, Meier, Peter N., Schoefl, Rainer, Altonbary, Ahmed Youssef, Marsteller, Igor, Wallstabe, Ingo, Prifti, Skerdi, Lemmers, Arnaud, Kumar, Ajay, Palermo, Joseph J., and Gastroenterology & Hepatology

Subjects
Endoscopic ultrasound, medicine.medical_treatment, Islets of Langerhans Transplantation, Practice Patterns, Diagnosis, treatment, chronic pancreatitis, survey, Bioinformatics, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Lithotripsy, Diagnosis, 03.02. Klinikai orvostan, Endoscopy, Digestive System, Chronic, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Tomography, Digestive System Surgical Procedures, treatment, medicine.diagnostic_test, Gastroenterology, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, X-Ray Computed, Treatment Outcome, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Predictive value of tests, Pancreatectomy, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Autologous, medicine.medical_specialty, Clinical Decision-Making, Transplantation, Autologous, Decision Support Techniques, chronic pancreatitis, 03 medical and health sciences, Predictive Value of Tests, Pancreatitis, Chronic, medicine, Humans, survey, Pancreatic duct, Transplantation, Physicians', Hepatology, business.industry, General surgery, Gastroenterologists, Endoscopy, Magnetic resonance imaging, medicine.disease, Pancreatitis, Health Care Surveys, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, business, Digestive System
Abstract

Background The aim of the study was to evaluate the current opinion and clinical decision-making process of international pancreatologists, and to systematically identify key study questions regarding the diagnosis and treatment of chronic pancreatitis (CP) for future research. Methods An online survey, including questions regarding the diagnosis and treatment of CP and several controversial clinical case vignettes, was send by e-mail to members of various international pancreatic associations: IHPBA, APA, EPC, ESGE and DPSG. Results A total of 288 pancreatologists, 56% surgeons and 44% gastroenterologists, from at least 47 countries, participated in the survey. About half (48%) of the specialists used a classification tool for the diagnosis of CP, including the Mayo Clinic (28%), Mannheim (25%), or Buchler (25%) tools. Overall, CT was the preferred imaging modality for evaluation of an enlarged pancreatic head (59%), pseudocyst (55%), calcifications (75%), and peripancreatic fat infiltration (68%). MRI was preferred for assessment of main pancreatic duct (MPD) abnormalities (60%). Total pancreatectomy with auto-islet transplantation was the preferred treatment in patients with parenchymal calcifications without MPD abnormalities and in patients with refractory pain despite maximal medical, endoscopic, and surgical treatment. In patients with an enlarged pancreatic head, 58% preferred initial surgery (PPPD) versus 42% initial endoscopy. In patients with a dilated MPD and intraductal stones 56% preferred initial endoscopic ± ESWL treatment and 29% preferred initial surgical treatment. Conclusion Worldwide, clinical decision-making in CP is largely based on local expertise, beliefs and disbeliefs. Further development of evidence-based guidelines based on well designed (randomized) studies is strongly encouraged.

Published
2017
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