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With increasing energy requirements and limited fuel resources, finding cheap renewable sources is essential. The objective of our current economic study is to enhance biodiesel production from the Penicillium commune,NRC 2016. Four mutagenic agents were used to improve the lipid production from P. communeNRC 2016: gamma radiation, ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), ethidium bromide (Et Br), and sodium azide (NaN3). The Inter-Simple-Simplece Repeats molecular (ISSR) marker was used to compare the wild type of P. communeNRC 2016 and the resulting mutants. The results showed a major difference between the wild type and its mutants. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the culture conditions for lipid production by P. communeNRC 2016, and the induced mutants used hydrolysate that was produced from bagasse using Bacillus cereus3SME. The maximum lipid content (g/l) for P. communeNRC 2016, P. communeNRC 2016–1, P. communeNRC 2016–2, and P. communeNRC 2016–3 were 2.01, 2.55, 1.71, and 2.27, respectively. Gas chromatographic analysis was used for biodiesel produced from P. communeNRC 2016 wild type, and its mutants were mainly C16–C18, which is suitable for transesterification. The physical properties, such as density, viscosity, cloud point, pour point, and cetane number, of the biodiesel from P. communeNRC 2016 and its mutants were similar to those of standard biodiesel and could be applied on a large scale. The biodiesels produced through P. communeNRC 2016 and its mutants can be utilized on a broad scale as eco-friendly products obtained from a low-cost carbon source.

Biosurfactants are surfactants derived from several types of microorganisms such as bacteria, yeasts and fungi as membrane components or secondary metabolites. To increase BS productivity as a biocompatible, low-toxic substitute for chemical surfactants employed in modern industry and the huge variety of applications they are used in. Different media were used in isolation of the biosurfactant BS producers. The most potent bacterial isolate was analysed by 16S-rRNA. Plackett Burman and Box-Behnken Designs were used for optimization conditions. BS was purified by and characterized. Only one strain demonstrated great BS productivity, excellent emulsifying capability (54.5±0.1%) and oil spreading activity which analysed as Bacillus cereusAHMNAZ1 with accession number OP714421.1. The BS was lipopeptide in nature, identified as a surfactin which was stable and has Critical Micelle Concentration of 60 mg/L. Isolated surfactin showed excellent activity against Colon Carcinoma and Breast Carcinoma cell lines and can be used as antimicrobial agent. The study found a cheaper way of creating biosurfactants from agro-industrial wastes, delivering a twofold benefit of lowering environmental pollution and manufacturing useful biotechnological products (biosurfactants) with high activity and thermostability. Moreover, it can be used for the bioremediation of oil-polluted soils and in medical fields.