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Abstract Older adults residing in refugee settlements with unhealthy living environments, inadequate access to health care services, and limited psychosocial support are vulnerable to experience mental health problems jeopardizing their mental well-being. The present study aims to explore the mental well-being status and its socio-economic determinants among the older adults living in the Rohingya refugee camp in Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study was conducted among adults aged ≥ 60 residing in five sub-camps within the Rohingya refugee camp of Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews conducted between November and December 2021. The 14-item Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale was used to assess mental well-being. A cumulated score was derived using the scale ranging from 14 to 70, with higher scores indicating greater levels of mental well-being. A generalized linear regression model was used to examine the socio-economic factors associated with the mental well-being of older adults. A total of 864 older adults participated in the study having a mean mental well-being score of 45.4. Regression analysis revealed that the difference in the logs of mental well-being score was expected to be significantly lower among participants aged 70–79 years (β: − 1.661; 95% CI: − 2.750 to − 0.572; p = 0.003), aged ≥ 80 years (β: − 3.198; 95% CI: − 5.114 to − 1.282; p = 0.001), and those with any non-communicable chronic conditions (β: − 2.903; 95% CI: − 3.833 to − 1.974; p

Abstract Background Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are public health threats globally and recognized impediments to socioeconomic development. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and clustering of NCDs risk factors among Bangladeshi men and women aged 20–59 years using nationally representative data. Methods This study was conducted in 82 rural, nonslum urban, and slum clusters across all eight administrative divisions of Bangladesh using multistage cluster sampling. A total of 4917 men and 4905 women aged 20–59 years were included in the study. Descriptive analyses were performed to report the prevalence and distribution of behavioral and clinical risk factors. Multivariable binary logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with the coexistence of three or more NCD risk factors. Results The prevalence of tobacco use (any form), insufficient physical activity, inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption, overweight and obesity, and central obesity were 38.3%, 13.6%, 87.1%, 42.3%, and 36.0%, respectively. Furthermore, 21.9% and 4.9% participants had hypertension and self‐reported diabetes, respectively. Regarding the clustering of risk factors, 37.1% men and 50.8% women had at least three NCD risk factors. Only 3.0% men and 1.8% women reported no NCD risk factors. Age, place of residence, education, and wealth status were associated with the presence of at least three risk factors for both sexes. Conclusion Since a large proportion of Bangladeshi 20–59 years old population had multiple risk factors, population‐based programs with multisectoral approaches are essential to reduce NCDs among Bangladeshi women and men.

Ahlam M Al-Kharabsheh,1 Bushra Khalaf AlTarawneh,2 Seham M Abufraijeh,1 Omar Abu Azzam1 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Alkarak, Jordan; 2Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Alkarak, JordanCorrespondence: Ahlam M Al-Kharabsheh, Obstetrics and Gynecology department, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Alkarak, Jordan, Tel +962-798009216, Email alkharabsheh@mutah.edu.joAbstract: Aggressive angiomyxoma is a locally invasive, rarely diagnosed mesenchymal tumor that predominantly affects the perineal region of women in their reproductive years. It is typically found in areas such as the vagina, vulva, and other pelvic soft tissues, but its presentation can be highly variable. We describe a particularly unique case of aggressive angiomyxoma, presenting in an atypical manner within the vaginal region of a 31-year-old virgin woman. This case is noteworthy for the unusual growth pattern of the angiomyxoma—located strictly within the vaginal epithelium, showing no signs of invasion into surrounding tissues, which is not typical of the aggressive nature of this type of tumor. The patient presented with a mass that protruded through the hymen, an uncommon presentation that led to initial speculation about the nature of the mass. The definitive diagnosis of aggressive angiomyxoma was made by meticulous histopathological examination after surgical excision of the mass. This case emphasizes the critical importance of considering aggressive angiomyxoma in the differential diagnosis of vaginal masses, particularly those that do not exhibit invasive characteristics. The case also highlights the need for increased awareness among clinicians about the potential for atypical presentations of this rare tumor, to facilitate timely and accurate diagnosis, and to guide appropriate management strategies. This report contributes to the growing body of literature on aggressive angiomyxoma, highlighting the variability in its presentation and the need to heighten suspicion in atypical cases.Keywords: aggressive angiomyxoma, vaginal cyst, vaginal tumor, mesenchymal tumor, case report

Background: Russell’s viper is one of the most venomous snakes found in Bangladesh. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a devastating complication of viper bite causing significant morbidity and mortality. We report a case of Russell’s viper bite who presented with venom-induced consumption coagulopathy (VICC), thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) and rhabdomyolysis. He was treated with antivenom and repeated hemodialysis and subsequently discharged.Case presentation: A 60-year-old farmer presented with history of Russell’s viper bite with local swelling without neurological involvement. His 20-minute whole blood clotting test was positive. After initial assessment, polyvalent antivenom was administered. Subsequently, he developed AKI, anasarca, high blood pressure (210/110mmHg), moderate anemia, edema (+++), bilateral crepitation at both lung fields. His blood report was suggestive of DIC, rhabdomyolysis and AKI. He was treated with blood transfusion and repeated haemodialysis. Renal biopsy revealed renal cortical necrosis with thrombotic microangiopathy. After 3 weeks of repeated hemodialysis, his condition improved and finally discharged.Discussion: Russell’s viper causes coagulopathy, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, myotoxicity and cardiotoxicity. It causes VICC leading to occlusion of small and large vessels. AKI may result from hypovolemic shock, rhabdomyolysis and acute tubular necrosis that results secondary to VICC. Our patient had local swelling, coagulation abnormality, thrombocytopenia, high CPK, high LDH, schistocytes, high D-dimer, raised indirect bilirubin and raised serum creatinine confirmed the presence of VICC, TMA and rhabdomyolysis. The findings of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and cortical necrosis strongly suggest DIC as the culprit for the renal lesions in the patient. Although DIC with marked thrombocytopenia had a high mortality, our patient got antivenom and hemodialysis early for which he survived.Conclusion: TMA, cortical necrosis and rhabdomyolysis causing AKI are some of the rare but lethal complications following Russell’s viper bite. Prompt treatment with antivenom, haemodialysis and other supportive management is essential to save the life of the patient.

Ola Abu Al Karsaneh,1 Arwa Al Anber,2 Sofian Al Shboul,2 Moath Alrjoub,3 Omran Ibrahim Almashaqbeh,4 Mohammad Alqaisi,4 Rahaf Abuatieh,4 Suhaib Mohammad Ananzeh,4 Anas Mousa Hamad,4 Raneem Almomani,4 Mohammad Mahmoud Tommalieh4 1Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan; 2Department of Pharmacology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan; 3Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, 22110, Jordan; 4Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, JordanCorrespondence: Ola Abu Al Karsaneh, Department of Microbiology, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, 13133, Jordan, Tel +962 5 390 3333 (5577), Email olaa@hu.edu.joPurpose: Recent studies imply that psychological factors may actively contribute to the development of asthma. It is generally known that people with asthma frequently suffer from psychological illnesses. This association can make it challenging to reach asthma control. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of depression and anxiety among Jordanian adults with asthma, in addition to the link between asthma control levels and these psychological disorders.Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 175 adults with asthma who visited the tertiary asthma clinic in three Jordanian Governmental hospitals. Sociodemographic data was collected directly from the patients who were assessed for their level of depression and anxiety using a self-administered questionnaire, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Also, asthma control was assessed using the Asthma Control Test (ACT). The relation between the different sociodemographic variables and clinical data, particularly depression and anxiety and asthma control level, was assessed.Results: Among 175 asthmatic patients, 60.57% had poor disease control, 8% had anxiety alone, 11.43% had depression alone, and 53.14% had anxiety plus depression. Poor asthma control was significantly associated with anxiety and depression (p= 0.044) and low levels of education (p=0.001). Further, a lower level of education was also related to higher levels of anxiety and depression.Conclusion: Most of the assessed Jordanian patients with asthma had their disease poorly controlled. Anxiety and depression are common among the studied sample of adults with asthma, and they appear to affect the level of disease control, suggesting the possibility that addressing these psychological conditions could enhance asthma control levels.Keywords: Asthma, Asthma control, anxiety, depression, Jordan

The mineral iron is essential for health at an optimum level. In Bangladesh iron is obtained from the drinking source groundwater, attributing largely to the good iron status in population. This groundwater iron poses two scenarios—predominantly high in many areas and predominantly low in other areas. Despite good iron status, burden of anemia in population is high. To control anemia, iron supplementation programs are operational against the backdrop of high iron status. This often leads to iron-associated side effects, plausibly due to excess iron, especially among the individuals exposed to high amount of iron from the drinking water. This geological phenomenon warrants the supplementation program to deliver different doses depending on the groundwater iron level. To enable that, the country needs an area-representative “mapping” of groundwater iron. However, such a mapping using the gold standard laboratory methods is expensive and logistically intensive. The aim of the study is to validate Handheld Colorimeter (HI721 Checker® HC), a portable device (“spot kit” device) to measure iron concentration in the drinking groundwater. The study was carried out in the rural Belkuchi upazila of the Sirajganj district in the Rajshahi division. In the study 25 tubewells were selected and categorized into five groups. Among them, four were categorized based on their iron concentration, low iron conc. (0-10 mg/L). One additional group was included for tubewell water that was used after filtering. The study compared the iron estimates measured in groundwater samples of the selected tube wells by the spot kit device and the same samples measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). There was a high agreement between the estimates by the spot kit and AAS (Kappa coefficient= 0.72, p

The study aimed to prepare rapid strength training in a water environment according to the obstructive force index for 100-meter Sprint. To identify the values of some kinematic variables for the start and achievement stage for the research sample. To identify the effect of rapid strength training in a water environment in developing some kinematic variables for the start and completion stage of running ( 100 m Sprint between the test (pre-post) for the research sample. The researchers used the experimental method by designing two equal groups with a pre- and post-test to suit the nature of the research problem. The research sample was identified with track and field runners for the 100-meter event in Maysan Governorate over the age of 20 years . The number of athletes 2023-2024 is (8). They will be taken completely by the comprehensive inventory method. They constituted 100% of the research community. The researchers concluded that performing rapid strength training exercises according to the aquatic medium whose intensity is regulated according to the law of obstructive force had a positive impact on Kinematic variables for the start and completion stage. The most important recommendations which the researchers recommended are : the necessity of using rapid strength training in the aquatic medium because of this medium’s effective impact on developing muscular strength and then achievement. The of adopting the law of obstructive force to codify the training intensities for fluids (the aqueous medium) in training. Fast running and all games necessity.

The current article aims to shed light on the impact of social networking sites on Palestinian women in the State of Israel. It began researching the extent of women's involvement in work, the consequences of women's work, and the obstacles they face in the labor market. Then it highlighted the impact that social media has had on the labor market in general, and then the effects of social media on women’s work in particular. Finally, it highlights the impact of social media on the work of Palestinian women in Israel, and how these sites helped them gain income and self-realization in addition to education and awareness, all from within their homes.

ABSTRACTThe world is facing a tremendous problem in the form of food insecurity that is posing a great challenge to achieving sustainable development goal 2 of creating a hunger-free world. Refugees and displaced populations are particularly vulnerable to food insecurity and malnutrition, who lack any productive assets and depend on aid. Rohingya refugees, displaced from Myanmar and took refuge in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh, live in a crowded unhealthy environment and are severely vulnerable to food insecurity and malnutrition. In our recent study, we found that only 21.6% of the households in Rohingya refugee camps had acceptable food security status. Interestingly, this study further revealed that acceptable food security status was significantly higher among the households that had some additional income aside from aid, compared to those relying on aid alone. This shows the importance of promoting livelihood opportunities to improve food security status among the camp dwellers. In this paper, we presented our views on promoting livelihood opportunities to address the overwhelming food insecurity crisis among the Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh.

Abstract Background Onchocerciasis causes chronic systemic inflammation. Several studies have used markers such as haemato-biochemical indices to predict the occurrence of systemic inflammation. This study assessed the variability and predictability of haemato-biochemical indices and blood composite ratios (BCRs) in microfilariae positive (MF+) and microfilariae negative (MF-) subgroups of onchocercomata participants. Methods One hundred and five (105) MF + and 34 MF- participants were retrospectively recruited into the study. Screening for the presence of O. volvulus microfilariae was done from skin snips taken from the left and right iliac crests of participants using established and approved protocols. Haematological and biochemical indices were measured using standard laboratory automated analyzers. Blood composite ratios (BCRs) were calculated as ratios of the absolute parameters involved. Results A significantly increased total WBC, absolute eosinophil, eosinophil percent and absolute basophil were observed in the MF + participants compared to MF- participants. Reduced gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) with increased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was significantly associated with MF + participants compared to MF- participants. BCRs were significantly higher for eosinophil-to-neutrophil ratio (ENR), eosinophil-to-monocyte ratio (EMR), eosinophil-to-basophil ratio (EBR) and eosinophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (ELR) in MF + participants compared to MF- participants. After multivariate adjustment, onchocercomata participants with increased eosinophil counts (aOR = 13.86, 95% CI [2.07–92.90], p = 0.007), ENR x10 (aOR = 1.42, 95% CI [1.05–1.93], p = 0.025), EMR (aOR = 2.64, 95% CI [1.25–5.60], p = 0.011), EBR (aOR = 1.07, 95% CI [1.01–1.10], p = 0.020) and ELR x10 (aOR = 1.69, 95% CI [1.14–2.51], p = 0.009) were more likely to have microfilaridermia. Conclusions Elevated eosinophil counts with higher ENR, EMR, EBR and ELR levels are significantly associated with microfilaridermia in onchocercomata participants. Combining BCRs with eosinophil count significantly led to an improvement in the conventional model for predicting microfilaridermia.

The global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is on the rise and projections indicate that an alarming portion of the population will be affected by this disease in the coming decades. In T2DM, chronic hyperglycemia affects the metabolism of the human body. Previous studies on how diabetes impacts metabolism have yielded contradictory results. Therefore, to gain a deeper comprehension of the pathophysiology and progression of diabetes, it is crucial to pinpoint the dysregulated metabolism caused by the disease. In this study, we investigated the alterations in global metabolism in diabetic patients, as well as the effect of the Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting on metabolism. The levels of metabolites that are significantly different in diabetic individuals are components of five pathways: purine metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, porphyrin metabolism, and riboflavin metabolism. In diabetic individuals, Ramadan diurnal intermittent fasting significantly altered metabolite levels, affecting three pathways in particular: the pentose phosphate pathway, the tyrosine metabolism, and the D-arginine and D-ornithine metabolism. These pathways share genes previously linked to glycemic control and diabetes. This study provides more insight into the beneficial effects of diurnal fasting in controlling diabetes. [ J Adv Biotechnol Exp Ther 2024; 7(3.000): 482-497]

Summary: Background: The increasing prevalence of diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in South Asia is concerning, with type 2 diabetes projected to rise to 68%, compared to the global increase of 44%. Encouraging healthy diets requires stronger policies for healthier food environments. Methods: This study reviewed and assessed food environment policies in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka from 2020 to 2022 using the Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI) and compared them with global best practices. Seven policy domains and six infrastructure support domains were considered, employing 47 good practice indicators to prevent NCDs. Stakeholders from government and non-governmental sectors in South Asia (n = 148) were invited to assess policy and infrastructure support implementation using the Delphi method. Findings: Implementation of food environment policies and infrastructure support in these countries was predominantly weak. Labelling, monitoring, and leadership policies received a moderate rating, with a focus on food safety, hygiene, and quality rather than obesity prevention. Key policy gaps prioritized for attention included front-of-pack labelling, healthy food subsidies, unhealthy food taxation, restrictions on unhealthy food promotion, and improvements in school nutrition standards to combat NCDs. Interpretation: Urgent action is required to expand food policies beyond hygiene and food security measures. Comprehensive strategies targeting NCD prevention are crucial to combat the escalating burden of NCDs in the region. Funding: This research was funded by the NIHR (16/136/68 and 132960) with aid from the UK Government for global health research. Petya Atanasova also acknowledges funding from the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) (ES/P000703/1). The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily of the NIHR, the UK government or the ESRC.

The study aimed to determine the trans-fat content in branded and unbranded soybean oil (SBO) and palm oil (PO) in nationally representative samples of Bangladesh. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study reporting the Trans fatty acid (TFA) content in commonly consumed SBO and PO in Bangladesh. 106 composites (SBO 67, PO 39) were analyzed by GC–MS using Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) Methodology 996.06. According to the study, TFA (>2 %) was detected in 66.7 % of branded and 24.5 % of unbranded SBO samples, but in none of the palm oil samples. The average TFA contents in branded and unbranded SBO were 2.79 % (ranging from 0.42 % to 4.84 %) and 1.70 % (ranging from 0 %-4.25 %) respectively. Total TFA ranged from 0 %-1.61 % with a mean of 0.9 % and 0.61 % for branded and unbranded PO samples, respectively. From a daily intake of 27 g oil, Bangladeshi population has a probable TFA consumption of 0.75 g/day and 0.46 g/day from branded SBO and PO, respectively. This study generated evidence about the presence of an elevated level of TFA in edible oil, which should be strictly monitored.

ABSTRACT Bacterial conjugation systems pose a major threat to human health through their widespread dissemination of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) carrying cargoes of antibiotic resistance genes. Using the Cre Recombinase Assay for Translocation (CRAfT), we recently reported that the IncFV pED208 conjugation system also translocates at least 16 plasmid-encoded proteins to recipient bacteria. Here, we deployed a high-throughput CRAfT screen to identify the repertoire of chromosomally encoded protein substrates of the pED208 system. We identified 32 substrates encoded by the Escherichia coli W3110 genome with functions associated with (i) DNA/nucleotide metabolism, (ii) stress tolerance/physiology, (iii) transcriptional regulation, or (iv) toxin inhibition. The respective gene deletions did not impact pED208 transfer proficiencies, nor did Group 1 (DNA/nucleotide metabolism) mutations detectably alter the SOS response elicited in new transconjugants upon acquisition of pED208. However, MC4100(pED208) donor cells intrinsically exhibit significantly higher SOS activation than plasmid-free MC4100 cells, and this plasmid carriage-induced stress response is further elevated in donor cells deleted of several Group 1 genes. Among 10 characterized substrates, we gained evidence of C-terminal or internal translocation signals that could function independently or synergistically for optimal protein transfer. Remarkably, nearly all tested proteins were also translocated through the IncN pKM101 and IncP RP4 conjugation systems. This repertoire of E. coli protein substrates, here termed the F plasmid “conjutome,” is thus characterized by functions of potential benefit to new transconjugants, diverse TSs, and the capacity for promiscuous transfer through heterologous conjugation systems.IMPORTANCEConjugation systems comprise a major subfamily of the type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) and are the progenitors of a second large T4SS subfamily dedicated to translocation of protein effectors. This study examined the capacity of conjugation machines to function as protein translocators. Using a high-throughput reporter screen, we determined that 32 chromosomally encoded proteins are delivered through an F plasmid conjugation system. The translocated proteins potentially enhance the establishment of the co-transferred F plasmid or mitigate mating-induced stresses. Translocation signals located C-terminally or internally conferred substrate recognition by the F system and, remarkably, many substrates also were translocated through heterologous conjugation systems. Our findings highlight the plasticity of conjugation systems in their capacities to co-translocate DNA and many protein substrates.

ABSTRACT Probiotics refer to living microorganisms that exert a variety of beneficial effects on human health. On the contrary, they also can cause infection, produce toxins within the body, and transfer antibiotic-resistant genes to the other microorganisms in the digestive tract necessitating a comprehensive safety assessment. This study aimed to conduct functional genomic analysis and some relevant biochemical tests to uncover the probiotic potentials of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. indicus TY-11 isolated from native yogurt in Bangladesh. We also performed transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis, comparative genomic study as well as phylogenetic tree construction with 332 core genes from 262 genomes. The strain TY-11 was identified as Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. indicus, whose genome (1,916,674 bp) contained 1911 CDS, and no gene was identified for either antibiotic resistance or toxic metabolites. It carried genes for the degradation of toxic metabolites, treatment of lactose intolerance, toll-like receptor 2-dependent innate immune response, heat and cold shock, bile salts tolerance, and acidic pH tolerance. Genes were annotated for inhibiting pathogenic bacteria by inhibitory substances [bacteriocin: Helveticin-J (331 bp) and Enterolysin-A (275 bp), hydrogen peroxide, and acid]; blockage of adhesion sites; and competition for nutrients. The genes involved in its metabolic pathway were detected as suitable for digesting indigestible nutrients in the human gut. The TY-11 genome possessed an additional 37 core genes of subspecies indicus which were deficient in the core genome of the most popular subsp. bulgaricus. During the phenotypic testing, the isolate TY-11 demonstrated high antagonistic activity (inhibition zone of 21.33 ± 1.53 mm) against Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 and was not sensitive to any of the 10 tested antibiotics. This study was the first study to explore the molecular insights into probiotic roles, including antimicrobial activities and antibiotic sensitivity, of a representative strain (TY-11) of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. indicus.IMPORTANCEThis study aimed to conduct functional genomic analysis to uncover the probiotic potential of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. indicus TY-11 isolated from native yogurt in Bangladesh. We also performed transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis, comparative genomic study as well as phylogenetic tree construction with 332 core genes from 262 genomes. In our current investigation, we revealed a number of common and unique excellences of the probiotic Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. indicus TY-11 that are likely to be important to illustrate its intestinal residence and probiotic roles. This is the first study to explore the molecular insights into intestinal residence and probiotic roles, including antimicrobial activities and antibiotic sensitivity, of a representative strain (TY-11) of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. indicus.

To better design AI processors, it is critical to characterize artificial intelligence (AI) workloads and contrast them to normal personal computer (PC) workloads. In this work, we profiled the AIBench and PassMark PerformanceTest benchmarks with the Intel oneAPI VTune Profiler on a multi-core computer. We captured and contrasted the various CPU and platform metrics and event counts for these two distinct benchmarks. Using the Orange 3.0 data mining tool, and based on the captured profile metrics and event counts, we then trained and tested 9 machine learning (ML) models to classify the CPIs and elapsed times of the various tests of these two benchmarks, including inference and training tests in AIBench, and CPU, memory, graphics, and disk tests in PassMark. The linear regression machine learning model emerged as the best clocks per instruction (CPI) classifier, while the neural network model with 4 hidden layers was the best elapsed time classifier. This machine learning classification can help in predicting the CPI and elapsed time and distinguish between AI and standard PC workloads based on the profiled application(s) and captured profile metrics and event counts. The stressed computer units identified by this detailed profiling work and exercised by the benchmark tests can also guide future AI processor design improvements.

The aspiration of most Muslim intellectuals is how to break the scientific dichotomous dilemma that has been rooted so strongly in the history of Islamic Education. Among those Muslim intellectuals is Ziauddin Sardar. The epistemological construction built by Sardar, to integrate science and religion is to make the Qur'an and Hadith as the basic foundation for the development of Islamic science. Islamic science must fulfil the following requirements, namely tawhid (God's divinity), khalifa (God's guardian), 'worship, 'ilm (knowledge), halal (permissible things), haram (prohibited things), 'adl (social justice), zulm (tyranny), istishlah (public interest), and diya' (waste). Educationally, the process of developing Islamic education for Sardar is to internalise values with the spirit of Islam, namely fulfilling the ideals of the Islamic worldview, such as brotherhood, social justice, proportional use of natural resources

Eman Khamis Alnazly,1 Rabia Allari,1 Basma Eid Alshareef,2 Feda Abu Al-khair2 1Department of Primary Care Nursing, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan; 2Psychology Department, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, JordanCorrespondence: Eman Khamis Alnazly, Department of Primary Care Nursing, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan, Email emanalnazly@hotmail.comPurpose: To identify the role overload, mental health distress, and quality of life among Jordanian female healthcare professionals and explore their interrelationships.Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional correlational research involved 412 female participants (physicians, nurses, and pharmacists) from the government and private sectors in Jordan. The Role Overload, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief Version were used for data collection. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, multiple linear regression, multivariate analysis of variance, Tukey’s post hoc test, Spearman rho, and linear regression tests (p=0.05).Results: Results indicate that 83.2% of participants experienced moderate to high role overload, with 72.9% displaying signs of moderate to extreme depression. Professionals working > 40 hours/week experienced elevated stress levels, while those with chronic illnesses exhibited higher mean scores for depressive symptoms (M= 16.91 vs M= 14.49, p=0.002) and stress (M= 20.55 vs M= 18.57, p=0.033). Professionals attending older individuals reported increased role overload (M= 3.66 vs M= 3.14, p< 0.001), higher stress (M=19.99 vs M=18.14, p=0.027), and lower physical (M=51.79 vs 55.41, p =0.025) and psychological (M=50.04 vs M=53.57, p=0.045) quality of life. Simple regression analysis revealed that role overload significantly predicted stress, depression, and anxiety. Role overload’s impact on depression scores (β = 2.108, t=5.234, p< 0.001), as well as anxiety (β =1.933, t=5.014, p< 0.001), was associated with an inverse correlation with both physical (β =1.671, R2= 3.4, p< 0.001) and psychological (β =1.914, R2= 1.4%, p=0.018) quality of life of healthcare professionals. Mental distress and role overload significantly predicted participants’ physical and psychological quality of life.Conclusion: This study established a significant association between role overload, quality of life, and psychological health of female healthcare professionals in Jordan, with implications for enhancing their well-being.Keywords: anxiety, depression, stress, quality of life, medics

The rise in popularity of non-caloric sweeteners (NCS) among obese and diabetic patients is due to their ability to provide a sweet taste without any caloric input. However, NCS consumption may be linked to metabolic disorders. The mechanisms behind these adverse effects are still unclear, which suggests that NCS may alter the metabolic activity of the gut microbiome, leading to enteric environmental perturbation and resulting in physiological anomalies in the host. This study investigates how Escherichia coli, a common gut microbe, reacts to three NCS, two of which come from nature (glycyrrhizin and stevioside) and one that is made artificially (sucralose). To assess the impact of these NCS, this study investigated the growth, gene expression, and metabolic pathways of E. coli under different sweetener loads. Compared to the untreated control, low amounts of glycyrrhizin made E. coli grow faster, while similar amounts of sucralose and stevioside had no or a less noticeable effect. At higher concentrations, these sweeteners slowed down or inhibited the growth of the bacteria. Thus, NCS may have dose-dependent impacts on gut microbes. After treatment with amounts that corresponded to the acceptable daily intake, the expression of key metabolic genes showed altered expression, which may potentially affect their metabolism. At different concentrations of the NCS, there were clear differences in the global metabolomic profile between the control and the different NCS treatments. Under in vitro conditions, glycyrrhizin and sucralose appeared to have a less divergent impact on E. coli growth, gene expression, and metabolism, which may suggest that these are relatively safer sugar substitutes for humans. [ J Adv Biotechnol Exp Ther 2023; 6(3.000): 659-672]

Rana Abu-Farha,1 Karem H Alzoubi,2,3 Mohammad Abu Assab,4 Oriana Awwad,5 Lobna Gharaibeh,6 Tareq L Mukattash,3 Abdulsalam M Halboup7,8 1Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan; 2Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; 3Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan; 4Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan; 5Department Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; 6Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan; 7Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, University of Science and Technology, Sana’a, Yemen; 8Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, MalaysiaCorrespondence: Abdulsalam M Halboup, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, University of Science and Technology, P.O.Box 13064, Sana’a, Yemen, Tel +967774960247, Email a.halboup@ust.edu.yeObjective: This research aimed to explore how telepharmacy is perceived, whether it would be willingly used by the overall population in Jordan, and the associated socioeconomic disparities that might affect its acceptance.Methods: This is a survey-based cross-sectional study involving the general public of Jordan. The study took place in various Jordanian cities from May 2nd to June 1st, 2023. Using Google forms, the questionnaire was shared through various social media channels (such as Facebook and WhatsApp).Results: The questionnaire received responses from 800 participants. The data showed that a sizable portion of the Jordanian population were unaware of telepharmacy (n= 343, 42.9%), and a majority had never utilized it (n= 131, 16.4%). The participants viewed the main advantage of telepharmacy as minimizing unnecessary trips to pharmacies (n= 668, 83.5%) and reducing travel time and expenses (n= 632, 79.0%). However, the primary concern was the mental effort required to use this service (n= 465, 58.1%). Of the respondents, 61.3% (n= 490) indicated a willingness to adopt telepharmacy services in the future. Regression analysis indicated that men were more likely to use this service compared to women (OR= 1.947, p< 0.001), and people living in northern and southern Jordan exhibited a greater willingness compared to those inhabiting the central region (OR= 2.168, p< 0.001).Conclusion: The results reveal a positive attitude towards and a significant readiness to embrace telepharmacy among the Jordanian population. However, for broader acceptance and utilization, apprehensions regarding the service need to be addressed. Doing so could improve access to pharmaceutical care, particularly for patients living in far-flung areas of Jordan.Keywords: telepharmacy, public, perception, willingness, Jordan

Amjad Bani Hani,1 Nour Awamleh,2 Shahd Mansour,2 Ahmad A Toubasi,2 Moaath AlSmady,1 Mutaz Abbad,1 Mohammad Banifawaz,1 Mahmoud Abu Abeeleh1 1Department of General Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan; 2School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, JordanCorrespondence: Shahd Mansour, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, PO Box 13046, Amman, 11942, Jordan, Tel +962 6 5355000, Email mansourshahd00@gmail.comBackground: Valvular heart disease (VHD) has a significant prevalence and mortality rate with surgical intervention continuing to be a cornerstone of therapy. We aim to report the outcome of patients undergoing heart valve surgery (HVS) in a low-volume center (LVC) in a low- and middle-income country (LMIC).Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted at the Jordan University Hospital (JUH), a tertiary teaching hospital in a developing country, between April 2014 and December 2019. Patients who underwent mitral valve replacement (MVR), aortic valve replacement (AVR), tricuspid valve replacement (TVR), double valve replacement (DVR), CABG + MVR, and CABG + AVR patients were included. Thirty-day and two-year mortalities were taken as the primary and secondary outcomes, respectively.Results: A total number of 122 patients were included, and the mean age was 54.46 ± 14.89 years. AVR was most common (42.6%). There was no significant association between STS mortality score or Euroscore II with 30-day and 2-year mortality.Conclusion: LVC will continue to have a role in LMICs, especially during development to HICs. Further global studies are needed to assert the safety of HVS in LVC and LMICs.Keywords: valve surgery, low-volume center, low- and middle-income country

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGFA) is a glycoprotein that mediates various biological processes, including angiogenesis, vascular permeability, and cellular migration. Aberrant VEGFA signaling is also one of the hallmarks of many types of cancer and has been implicated in various ophthalmological conditions such as diabetic macular edema and age-related macular degeneration. Consequently, a number of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAb) targeting VEGFA have been developed and are widely used to treat these conditions. Bevacizumab (BVZ) and Ranibizumab (RBZ) are two such antibodies that are commercially available and used to treat various cancers and ophthalmological conditions. Nevertheless, a very high rate of non-responsiveness to these mAb treatments has been reported. Therefore, it is important to predict the response to these therapeutic mAb treatments in patients in a personalized approach. This study was aimed at analyzing the impacts of missense variants in the respective VEGFA epitopes for these two therapeutic anti-VEGFA mAbs (BVZ and RBZ) on their interaction with VEGFA through the use of multiple in silico tools. Three missense variants (VEGFAR82W, VEGFAR82Q, and VEGFAG92R) in VEGFA epitopes appear to significantly destabilize VEGFA-BVZ interaction, while only two variants (VEGFAR82W and VEGFAR82Q) affect interaction of VEGFA with RBZ. The VEGFAR82W variant may be pathogenic as well. These missense variants may play roles in the observed heterogeneous response to anti-VEGFA mAb treatments in patients and, therefore, may be used as pharmacogenetic markers for the prediction of responses before administration, and thus for the improvement of therapeutic outcomes. [ J Adv Biotechnol Exp Ther 2023; 6(2.000): 359-374]

Aya Abu Aqab,1 Mahmoud AL-Hussami,2 Wafa Almegewly,3 Savvato Karavasileiadou3 1School of Medicine, the University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; 2The University of Jordan, School of Nursing, Amman, 11942, Jordan; 3Department of Community Health Nursing, College of Nursing, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Wafa Almegewly, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia, Email Whalmegewly@pnu.edu.saBackground: Jordan has a high prevalence of physical inactivity, a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases. Working mothers are a high-risk group who face significant barriers to physical activity and experience a decline in their quality of life.Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the potential impact of physical activity adherence on health-related quality of life and physical fitness among a sample of working mothers.Patients and Methods: A Correlational, retrospective analytical design, was employed among a sample of working mothers (n=120), from Amman and was divided into two comparison groups. Data collection included a self-reported questionnaire using a demographic questionnaire, a health perception scale, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form, the International Fitness Scale, and the Quality of Life Brief questionnaire. The statistical analysis was independent t-test analysis, analysis of variance (One-way ANOVA), Pearson r correlation and regression used to estimate the prediction of dependent variables based on independent variables.Results: The results found a significant positive relationship between physical activity and overall quality of life and its domains (physical, psychological, and environmental); however, there was no statistically significant difference in the social domain. Adherence to physical activity was a significant positive predictor of quality of life. Moreover, the health perception level was a significant positive predictor. A t-test revealed a statistically significant difference between the physically active group and a sedentary group of working mothers regarding changes in Health-Related Quality of Life; physically active mothers are more likely to have better physical (p < 0.024), psychological (p < 0.001), and overall quality of life (p < 0.011). Furthermore, Physical fitness significantly predicted physical activity in the study results.Conclusion: This study confirms the existence of positive correlations between physical activity and working women’s quality of life and physical fitness. Mothers with higher levels of physical activity are more likely to have better physical, psychological, and environmental domains of quality of life and better physical fitness.Keywords: physical activity, health-related quality of life, working mothers, physical fitness, Jordan

Abstract Background The older adults of refugee camps might be vulnerable to exhibiting limited functional abilities because of the limited resources available to create a supportive environment for older population in the camps. This study aims to explore the prevalence and determinants of self-reported functional status among the older adults residing in the Rohingya refugee camp in Bangladesh. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 864 older adults aged 60 years and above living in five selected sub-camps of Rohingya refugee camp in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews of the participants between November-December 2021. Functional status was measured using the Barthel Index. Information on participants’ sociodemographic characteristics, self-reported chronic diseases and lifestyle characteristics were also collected. A multiple logistic regression model was used to assess the factors associated with self-reported functional abilities among the participants. Results The overall percentage of people having limited self-reported functional ability was 26.5% (male: 22.6% and female: 31.5%) with inability most found in grooming (33.2%), bathing (31.8%), stair using (13.2%) and mobility (10.7%). In the final adjusted model, having age of 80 years or more (aOR = 2.01,95% CI: 1.08,3.75), being female (aOR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.04,2.0), having low memory or concentration (aOR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.30,2.56), loneliness (aOR = 2.89, 95% CI:1.74,4.80) and living with aid alone (aOR = 2.89, 95% CI: 1.74,4.80) were found to be associated with self-reported limited functional ability. Conclusion The findings of this study highlight the need for attention from policymakers and public health practitioners on addressing functional limitations among older adults residing in the Rohingya refugee camp. Our findings emphasize the need for the development of comprehensive interventions that can address the wider unmet needs (e.g., ensuring family/caregiver support, engaging in social and physical activities, providing nutritional support packages, etc.) to improve the health and well-being of older Rohingya adults.

TPO (Thyroid Peroxidase) is known to be one of the major genes involved in congenital hypothyroid patients with thyroid dyshormonogenesis. The present study aims to validate high-resolution melting (HRM) curve analysis as a substitute method for Sanger sequencing, focusing on the frequently observed non-synonymous mutations c.1117G>T, c.1193G>C, and c.2173A>C in the TPO gene in patients from Bangladesh. We enrolled 36 confirmed cases of congenital hypothyroid patients with dyshormonogenesis to establish the HRM method. Blood specimens were collected, and DNA was extracted followed by PCR and Sanger sequencing. Among the 36 specimens, 20 were pre-sequenced, and variants were characterized through Sanger sequencing. Following pre-sequencing, the 20 pre-sequenced specimens underwent real-time PCR-HRM curve analysis to determine the proper HRM condition for separating the three variations from the wild-type state into heterozygous and homozygous states. Furthermore, 16 unknown specimens were subjected to HRM analysis to validate the method. This method demonstrated a sensitivity and specificity of 100 percent in accurately discerning wild-type alleles from both homozygous and heterozygous states of c.1117G>T (23/36; 63.8%), c.1193G>C (30/36; 83.3%), and c.2173A>C (23/36; 63.8%) variants frequently encountered among 36 Bangladeshi patients. The HRM data was found to be similar to the sequencing result, thus confirming the validity of the HRM approach for TPO gene variant detection. In conclusion, HRM-based molecular technique targeting variants c.1117G>T, c.1193G>C, and c.2173A>C could be used as a high throughput, rapid, reliable, and cost-effective screening approach for the detection of all common mutations in TPO gene in Bangladeshi patients with dyshormonogenesis.

Cervical cancer ranks as the fourth most prevalent gynaecological malignancy and is a significant contributor to mortality among women globally. With the exception of HPV-mediated oncogenesis, the molecular etiology of the disease is poorly understood, and there is a critical dearth of knowledge concerning cancer that is not caused by HPV. Moreover, none of the options presently accessible for the treatment of cancers specifically target cervical cancer. In context with this, this research aims to identify the critical genes, regulators, and pathways that contribute to the pathogenesis of cervical cancer, in addition to prospective pharmacological targets and repurposed therapeutic agents that can be directed against the targets. A total of eleven different global gene expression (transcriptome) datasets were subjected to analysis utilizing a variety of in silico tools. The present study reveals a previously unknown correlation between cervical cancer and five genes: SHC1, CBL, GNAQ, GNA14, and PPP2CA. Significant dysregulation was observed in four crucial transcription factors (KLF4, E2F1, FOXM1, and AR) that modulate the expression of numerous genes in cervical cancer. Furthermore, it was observed that AKT1, MAPK1, and MAPK3 ranked the highest among the regulatory genes that hold promise as therapeutic targets in the context of cervical cancer. Additional research, both in vitro and in vivo, is required to validate and establish the therapeutic potential of these crucial genes in the context of cervical cancer.

Abstract Tumor cells display heterogenous molecular signatures during the course of cancer and create distinct tumor cell subpopulations which challenge effective therapeutic decisions. Detection and monitoring of these heterogenous molecular events at single cell level are imperative to identify tumor cell subpopulations and to engage the best therapeutic options for the individual patient. Herein, a microfluidic liquid biopsy platform to analyze circulating tumor cells (CTCs) at single cell level is reported. The individual CTCs are captured in an alternating current‐induced microfluidic platform and analyzed by using surface‐enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy. This platform selectively captures single CTCs from the patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Using cell line models and patient samples, it is shown that the assay can simultaneously detect multiple protein biomarkers on a single CTC. The platform can stratify the CTCs into different subpopulations based on their cancer‐associated protein signature changes in response to drug treatment. This enables the identification of CTC subpopulations that are probably not responding to treatment and may assist clinicians in specifically monitoring and eliminating therapy‐resistant cancer cells within a lesion. This single CTC monitoring chip will likely have high clinical importance in disease diagnosis and treatment monitoring, and advance the knowledge of cancer heterogeneity.

Numerous research studies have highlighted the exponential growth of malware attacks worldwide, posing a significant threat to society. Cybercriminals are becoming increasingly merciless and show no signs of pity towards individuals or organizations. It is evident that cyber criminals will stop at nothing to gain unauthorized access to confidential information. To effectively combat malware attacks, strict cyber laws are necessary, and the use of malware is punishable in many countries. However, the literature has not addressed whether these penalties create deterrence or not. This research article has addressed this gap. In this study, the effectiveness of criminal laws related to malware-related crimes in various jurisdictions was analyzed using the doctrinal research methodology. The cyber laws of the USA, UK, Ethiopia, Pakistan, and China were examined to determine whether the penalties imposed for these crimes are appropriate given the severity of the harm caused. The study concludes that malware penalties should take into account the creation or use of malicious code, targeting individuals or organizations, and the magnitude of consequences, regardless of whether mens rea is present or not.

Nowadays, it becomes intriguing to observe the use of websites and social media by SMEs to market their products, especially in terms of seeing customer behavior. Some previous research found the effect of social media on attitude and consumer behaviors area, but less of the focus on website and social media quality and the effect on brand awareness, brand image, E-WoM, and purchase decision and the relationship among these concepts. This research examines the effect of websites and social media from the perspective of quality dimensions on brand awareness and the influence of brand awareness, E-WoM, and brand image on purchase decisions. In addition, this study has conducted purposive sampling for the 397 respondents who had transacted through the SMEs’ website or social media in two major cities in Indonesia: Jakarta and Surabaya. The PLS-SEM analysis technique was conducted in this study. The result found that there is a positive influence of website quality and social media quality on brand awareness, as well as the influence of brand awareness on E-WoM, brand image, and purchase decisions. In addition, this study also found the influence of E-WoM and brand image on purchase decisions. The findings suggest that it is very important for SMEs to formulate a strategy for improving the quality of their website and social media to strengthen their brand awareness of consumers.

Photonic metamaterials combined with liquid crystals (LCs) for tunability is a great niche for building miniature devices with high performance such as fast flat tunable lenses, tunable filters, and waveplates. Sub-wavelength or nano-grating surfaces are homogenized to uniaxial waveplates with negative birefringence of unique dispersion when the period is less than the wavelength by at least a few times. This uniaxial metasurface, combined with the LC layer, is shown to act as a tunable retardation achromatic waveplate with 8 μm thick LC layer operating over wide spectral and angular ranges, as compared to using two nematic liquid crystal (NLC) retarders of thicknesses on the order of 30–60 μm, when no metasurface is used. Hence the device becomes miniature and 50× faster due to the thinner liquid crystal layer. The silicon nano-grating of 351 nm pitch and 0.282 fill factor is designed and fabricated to operate in the short-wave infrared range (SWIR). Switching between three achromatic retardation levels: full-, half-, and quarter-waveplates is accomplished by changing the applied voltages on the NLC cell with a switching time of a few milliseconds. This device has applications in fast broadband shutters, low coherence phase shift interferometry, ellipso-polarimetry, dynamic control of light intensity, and smart windows.

Summary: Multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) have gained extensive interest for structural applications owing to their excellent strength, fracture toughness, wear resistance, creep resistance, and fatigue resistance. In this review, recent progress in the computational design of MPEAs for structural applications is outlined. This includes the scientific advancements achieved through computational methods in the field of structural MPEAs, how new methodologies have emerged due to the needs of complex alloy systems, and adaptations to the existing tools to address emerging problems in the field. We discuss advances in atomistic simulation methods, including structure generation algorithms, element-resolved local lattice distortion, chemical short-range order, local slip resistance, and radiation tolerance, along with experimental comparisons. A detailed discussion on interatomic potentials is included, with a focus on various machine learning-based fitting methods. The application of data science and machine learning for identifying and discovering MPEAs with desirable mechanical performance is summarized and presented.

This paper deals with the problem of estimating the overlapping (OVL) Weitzman measure (Δ) when two independent random variables 𝑿 and 𝒀 are given by two-parameter Weibull distribution. The measure Δ has been studied in the literature in the case of two Weibull distributions under the assumption that the two shape parameters are equal. In this work, a general expression for the Weitzmans measure is provided under the Weibull distribution without using any assumptions about the distribution parameters. Some new estimators for Δ are developed depending on three numerical integration rules known as trapezoidal, Simpson 1/3 and Simpson 3/8 rules. The performance of the proposed estimators were investigated and compared with some existing estimators via simulation technique and real data. The results demonstrated the superiority of the proposed estimators over the existing one in almost all considered cases.

Increased exposure to environmental heavy metals and metalloids and their associated toxicities has become a major threat to human health. Hence, the association of these metals and metalloids with chronic, age-related metabolic disorders has gained much interest. The underlying molecular mechanisms that mediate these effects are often complex and incompletely understood. In this review, we summarize the currently known disease-associated metabolic and signaling pathways that are altered following different heavy metals and metalloids exposure, alongside a brief summary of the mechanisms of their impacts. The main focus of this study is to explore how these affected pathways are associated with chronic multifactorial diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, neurodegeneration, inflammation, and allergic responses upon exposure to arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), and vanadium (V). Although there is considerable overlap among the different heavy metals and metalloids-affected cellular pathways, these affect distinct metabolic pathways as well. The common pathways may be explored further to find common targets for treatment of the associated pathologic conditions.

Omar Badran,1 Mahmoud Abu Amna,1,2 Ilit Turgeman,1 Gil Bar-Sela1,2 1Department of Oncology, Emek Medical Center, Afula, Israel; 2Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, IsraelCorrespondence: Gil Bar-Sela, Oncology & Hematology Division, Emek Medical Center, Yitshak Rabin Boulevard 21, Afula, 1834111, Israel, Tel +972 04-6495725, Fax +972 04-6163992, Email gilbarsela1@gmail.comAbstract: Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors given with endocrine therapy are standard of care for the treatment of women with advanced hormone receptor (HR) positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) negative breast cancer. Ribociclib is a CDK 4/6 inhibitor with moderate to solid inhibition of CYP3A4, a member of the cytochrome P450 family oxidase system, which may lead to interactions with medicinal substrates that are metabolized via CYP3A4. Statins are among the most widely prescribed medications worldwide, predominantly metabolized by the CYP3A4 isoenzyme. Rhabdomyolysis is a known rare side effect of statins, commonly triggered by drug interactions. We report a case of a 73-year-old woman with metastatic HR-positive and HER-2 negative breast cancer who developed rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury due to interaction between simvastatin and ribociclib with a literature review.Keywords: creatine kinase, CK. acute kidney injury, CYP3A4, drug interaction

The study evaluates ICT facilities and their use by Kenyatta University Postmodern Library patrons. The study's objectives were to assess the available ICT facilities in Kenyatta University Post Modern Library and determine the purpose of using the facility and the challenges patrons face while using ICT facilities. The study employed descriptive survey research; 120 respondents were chosen as the population. Total enumeration was used as the sample size. A convenience sample technique was used for the study. The study used a questionnaire as a major data collection instrument; it was administered to 120 Kenyatta University Post Modern Library staff patrons through the Google form platform. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive analysis through frequency and percentages. The study revealed that computers, printers, the internet, and photocopying machines, among others, are the available ICT facilities in the Library. The finding also indicates that the available facilities are used for scanning, photocopying, surfing the internet, and researching. The study recommends that the Library should improve internet connectivity by increasing bandwidth. The Library should improve on training the users on ICT skills to enhance the use of ICT facilities in the Library; the Library should seek funds to enable it to acquire more ICT facilities.

Islamic religious education is to equip students with knowledge of Islamic teachings, the history of religious development, Islamic norms and values, and assist them in applying these teachings in everyday life. The purpose of this research is to provide additional knowledge about various studies in the field of Islamic religious education. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach with a bibliometric. The data was taken in 2022 with the number of documents after the limitation of 621 sourced from the Scopus database. Analysis was carried out with the help of openrefine, vosviewer, and Rstudio software. The results of the study show that the most author's countries are Indonesia, Malaysia and followed by the United Kingdom. The most prominent keyword in accordance with the research theme is Islamic religious education. As a popular topic in the future, discussions on education, humanity and research in several places such as Eurasia, Asia and South Asia are predicted to be influential research.

Research on the sociology of education was carried out because it was driven by the need to understand how education influences and is influenced by social factors, and how to improve the education system so that it can provide fair and equitable opportunities for all individuals. The purpose of the research is to find out various studies on sociology education and future trends on this theme. The research method uses bibliometric analysis with the help of software including openrefine, vosviewer, and Rstudio. The database is obtained through Scopus because it is more trusted and has a worldwide reputation. Data is taken in csv form which is then processed with the help of the software. The results showed that research into sociology education had existed since 1924. The highest-ranking author in publications on this theme was Jaworski Ja, followed by Roucekjs then Linggard B and Zhang L. Several future research topics related to sociology education. Some of them contain qualitative studies, the internet, sociology, human experiments, emotional experiences, emotional expressions, product design, decision making, social interactions, health care quality, medical sociology, and health behavior.

This study aims to compile the work steps of the Islamization of science based on the Islamization model formulated by Isma'il Raji Al Faruqi. This qualitative approach research uses literature study method. This study identifies unhealthy symptoms in the aspects of scientific jurisprudence among Muslims who have not shown symptoms of recovery even in the 21st century. The results of the analysis then prompted the prioritization of the work plan for the Islamization of science in accordance with the ideas of Isma'il Raji Al Faruqi. The work plan begins with strengthening the five principle of unity and focuses on Islamization with a scientific integration model in the five fields of science, namely religious studies, educational management, research methodology, politics, and economics. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan menyusun langkah-langkah kerja Islamisasi ilmu pengetahuan berdasarkan model Islamisasi yang dirumuskan oleh Isma’il Raji Al Faruqi. Penelitian dengan pendekatan kualitatif ini menggunakan metode studi literatur. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi gejala tidak sehat dalam aspek fikrah keilmuan di kalangan umat Islam yang belum menunjukkan gejala kepulihan bahkan hingga abad 21 ini. Hasil analisis tersebut kemudian mendorong penetapan prioritas rencana kerja Islamisasi ilmu pengetahuan sesuai dengan gagasan Isma’il Raji Al Faruqi. Rencana kerja tersebut dimulai dengan penguatan prinsip panca kesatuan dan fokus melakukan Islamisasi dengan model integrasi keilmuan pada lima bidang ilmu pengetahuan yakni studi agama, manajemen pendidikan, metodologi penelitian, politik, dan ekonomi.

COVID-19, a novel coronavirus disease, is still causing concern all over the world. Recently, researchers have been concentrating their efforts on understanding the complex dynamics of this widespread illness. Mathematics plays a big role in understanding the mechanism of the spread of this disease by modeling it and trying to find approximate solutions. In this study, we implement a new technique for an approximation of the analytic series solution called the multistep Laplace optimized decomposition method for solving fractional nonlinear systems of ordinary differential equations. The proposed method is a combination of the multistep method, the Laplace transform, and the optimized decomposition method. To show the ability and effectiveness of this method, we chose the COVID-19 model to apply the proposed technique to it. To develop the model, the Caputo-type fractional-order derivative is employed. The suggested algorithm efficacy is assessed using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method, and when compared to it, the results show that the proposed approach has a high level of accuracy. Several representative graphs are displayed and analyzed in two dimensions to show the growth and decay in the model concerning the fractional parameter α values. The central processing unit computational time cost in finding graphical results is utilized and tabulated. From a numerical viewpoint, the archived simulations and results justify that the proposed iterative algorithm is a straightforward and appropriate tool with computational efficiency for several coronavirus disease differential model solutions.

Abstrak Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian evaluasi yang bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan tingkat keefektivan pelaksanaan standar proses pendidikan. Model evaluasi yang digunakan adalah discrepancy evaluation model, Provus. Informan penelitian ini adalah kepala sekolah dan guru di Midai. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan angket, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan analisis kuantitatif yang dilakukan, diketahui implementasi standar proses pada aspek perencanan pembelajaran, pelaksanaan, penilaian, dan pengawasan termasuk dalam kategori sangat efektif. Lebih lanjut diketahui bahwa implementasi standar di sekolah didukung oleh lingkungan kelas yang kondusif, peserta didik kooperatif, dan peran kepala sekolah. Pendekatan pembelajaran, proses memotivasi peserta didik, perolehan informasi baru tentang materi tambahan, dan pengidentifikasian kemampuan peserta didik merupakan faktor yang menghambat pelaksanaan standar proses. Kata Kunci: evaluasi, pendekatan pembelajaran, pandemi. Abstract This research is an evaluation research that aims to reveal the level of effectiveness of the implementation of the standard educational process. The evaluation model used is the discrepancy evaluation model, Provus. The informants of this research were principals and teachers in Midai. Data was collected using questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. Based on the quantitative analysis conducted, it is known that the implementation of process standards in the aspects of learning planning, implementation, assessment, and supervision is included in the very effective category. Furthermore, it is known that the implementation of standards in schools is supported by a conducive classroom environment, cooperative students, and the role of the principal. The learning approach, the process of motivating students, obtaining new information about additional material, and identifying the abilities of students are factors that hinder the implementation of the standard process. Keywords:. evaluation, learning approach, pandemic.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa paham guru tentang kurikulum yang sedang berlaku dan mengidentifikasi apa saja masalah dan bagaimana cara pihak guru sekolah menyelesaikan permasalahan dalam pelaksanaan kurikulum 2013. Informan penelitian ini yaitu satu orang kepala sekolah, satu orang wakil kurikulum, satu orang guru kelas, satu orang tua siswa dan dua orang siswa. Penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik wawancara. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa sebenarnya guru paham dengan konsep kurikulum 2013 namun terkendala dalam proses pelaksanaannya karena kurangnya sosialisasi serta lemahnya kemampuan guru dalam teknologi informasi. Kemampuan guru dalam mengelola kelas dinilai baik namun dalam menyediakan media pembelajaran Guru terkendala karena lemahnya kemampuan IT Sumber Daya Manusia.

Iron present in the drinking groundwater is attributed to the low burden of iron deficiency (ID) in Bangladesh. The supplemental anemia prevention strategies involving iron need a cautious approach due to the excess load of iron and the side effects. The present pilot study examined the potential of the guava leaf extracts to use as a natural reagent for the assessment of iron in groundwater. Eighteen households with the drinking source of groundwater were randomly selected. Guava leaves were crushed and the shreds of the leaves were mixed with the water sample. Changes of water color were photographed. Five groups were identified – ‘whitish’, ‘shades of pink’, ‘shades of purple’, ‘light black’ and the ‘frank black’. The iron concentration was measured by a test kit device. Each color group was assigned a number on the ordinal scale 1–5. Statistical correlation and agreements were performed between the methods. The positive correlation (Kendall's tau b: 0.89, p < 0.000) and the agreements (Kappa: 0.77, p < 0.000; rho_c: 0.73, p < 0.000) were observed. Guava leaf extracts may standardize an indigenous tool for a semi-quantitative measurement of groundwater iron content. Validation of the tool thus may aid in the design and evaluation of the iron supplementation and fortification programs. HIGHLIGHTS In a largely iron-replete population, iron supplementation programs need a cautious approach to limit side effects.; Guava leaf extract by changing the color of the iron-rich groundwater concurs with the colorimetric iron testing.; Guava leaf extract may standardize an indigenous tool for the measurement of groundwater iron content.; Validation of the tool may aid the design of the anemia programs, promoting public health.;

This study aims to determine the effect of the vehicle tax bleaching program, the implementation of e-samsat, and taxpayer awareness on compliance in paying motor vehicle tax. The number of samples in this study was 100 respondents with a sampling method using the accidental sampling method. Data collection is carried out through questionnaires. The technical data analysis used in this study is multiple linear regression and uses SPSS IMB version 16.0. The results of this study show that the vehicle tax bleaching program and compulsory awareness have a positive and significant effect on taxpayer compliance. Meanwhile, the implementation of e-samsat does not significantly affect taxpayer compliance

Amal Khaleel Abu Alhommos, Bayan Ahmed AlSaad, Hebah Saleh AlRamadan, Inass Ahmed AlAlwan, Layla Saleh Butayban, Ruqaeya Abdullah AlHamad, Zainab Abdulathim AlSalman, EL Walid El Hassan Pharmacy Practice Department, Clinical Pharmacy College, King Faisal University, Alhasa, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Amal Khaleel Abu Alhommos, Pharmacy Practice Department, Clinical Pharmacy College, King Faisal University, Alhasa, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966596150032, Email aabualhomos@kfu.edu.saObjective: To find out how well healthcare workers (HCWs) in Saudi Arabia’s eastern region knew about the novel coronavirus illness 2019 (COVID-19) in terms of its symptoms, transmission, and treatment.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in the Saudi Arabian region of Al-Ahsa. Between December 2020 and March 2021, a questionnaire was distributed in the main hospitals in the eastern region: King Fahad Hospital, Prince Saud Bin Jalawi Hospital, Prince Sultan Cardiac Center, and Maternity and Children’s Hospital. Participants’ knowledge of COVID-19 symptoms, transmission, and treatment was assessed using our developed questionnaire tool. The Student’s t-test/ANOVA test was used to compare the mean knowledge scores of different demographic groups.Results: A total of 300 HCWs participated in this study. Our study sample’s mean knowledge score was 6.9 (SD = 2.1) out of 13 (53.1%), indicating a marginal degree of understanding. The duration of practice had a significant effect on the participants’ knowledge of COVID-19. Senior and non-Saudi HCWs had a higher knowledge score than the rest of the groups (p ≤ 0.05). The majority of the participants were able to identify that COVID-19 is transmitted from human to human through respiratory droplets, populations at higher risk of developing severe complications, populations needing screening for COVID-19, main clinical symptoms of COVID-19, and were following the WHO guidelines for the treatment of COVID-19.Conclusion: According to our findings, HCWs only had marginal knowledge about the symptoms, transmission, and treatment of COVID-19. As our findings represent early investigation at the start of the pandemic, more research is needed to evaluate the degree of information gathered two years after the outbreak began. Furthermore, future research should identify knowledge gaps in the targeted population of HCWs and provide strategies to address them.Keywords: COVID-19, disease management, infectious disease transmission, Saudi Arabia, knowledge

Multicultural society cannot always co-exist as they should. The challenge of a society that has a diversity of cultures, religions, languages and races at certain times becomes a serious problem for a nation. This is a struggle which is continuously encouraged by all elite figures. Likewise, it becomes a homework for academic people as the main actor to anticipate movements and thoughts that are counterproductive to the Islamic philosophy of moderation. This study is to detect and to serve as a benchmark for ideally a student in higher education as a relay for future Indonesian leaders. As many as 1051 students of as respondents using quantitative descriptive survey methods. The instrument has been used to measure Islamic moderation with a fairly high level of reliability and validity. The results of this study found generally had a fairly good level of religious moderation and moderation in Islam. Even so, there are still a few who still have a direction of thinking that is counterproductive to Islamic moderation. Therefore this research is important for assessment and development towards the formation of a way of thinking that has the characteristics of Islamic moderation, ummatan wasathan.

Abstract Background Arthrogryposis is a medical term used to describe congenital contractures which often affect multiple limbs. Distal arthrogryposis (DA) is one of the major categories of arthrogryposis that primarily affects the distal parts of the body, i.e., the hands and the legs. Although ten different types and several subtypes of DAs have been described, the genes associated with each of these DAs are yet to be characterized. Distal arthrogryposis type 10 (DA10) is a rare genetic disease, which is distinguished from the other arthrogryposis types by plantar flexion contractures resulting in toe-walking during infancy as well as variability in contractures of the hip, hamstring, elbow, wrist and finger joints with no ocular or neurological abnormalities. Symptoms of DA10 indicate impairment specifically in the musculoskeletal system. DA10 is still poorly studied. Aim The objective of this study was to identify the candidate gene for DA10 by scrutinizing the protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks using in silico tools. Results Among the genes that reside within the previously reported genomic coordinates (human chromosome assembly 38 or GRCh38 coordinates 2:179,700,000–188,500,000) of the causative agent of DA10, only TTN (the gene that codes for the protein Titin or TTN) follows the expression pattern similar to the other known DA associated genes and its expression is predominant in the skeletal and heart muscles. Titin also participates in biological pathways and processes relevant to arthrogryposes. TTN-related known skeletal muscle disorders follow the autosomal-dominant pattern of inheritance, which is a common characteristic of distal arthrogryposes as well. Conclusion Based on the findings of the analyses and their correlation with previous reports, TTN appears to be the candidate gene for DA10. Our attempt to discover a potential candidate gene may eventually lead to an understanding of disease mechanism and possible treatment strategies, as well as demonstrate the suitability of PPI in the search for candidate genes.

Bi2O3–PbO–CdO–B2O3 glass samples were prepared via melt quenching. The substitution of Bi2O3 for B2O3 resulted in a continuous increase in density from 4.334 to 5.742 g/cm3. The molar volume (V m) gradually increased from 37.197 to 38.429 cm3/mol when the Bi2O3 level increased from 10 to 25 mol%. With the addition of Bi2O3 from 10 to 25 mol%, Young’s, bulk, shear, and longitudinal modulus reduced from 40.80 to 35.07 GPa, 22.92 to 19.97 GPa, 16.95 to 14.52 GPa, and 45.53 to 39.33 GPa, respectively. These glasses are bendable rather than elongated and can withstand longitudinal stress over shear stress. Radiation protection qualities were investigated using EpiXS software, which is based on the ENDF/B-VIII EPICS2017 library, between 122 and 1275 keV. The mass attenuation coefficients are substantially higher at low energies. The radiation shielding properties of Bi2O3–PbO–CdO–B2O3 glasses were improved by replacing B2O3 with Bi2O3. Quantifying this improvement is critical in developing compact radiation shielding employing this glass system.

Amjad Bani Hani,1 Kareem Salhiyyah,2 Mohammad Salameh,1 Mahmoud Abu Abeeleh,1 Moaath Al Smady,1 Mohammad Al Rawashdeh,3 Hala Abu Fares,3 Iyad Al- Ammouri3 1Department of General Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; 2Department of Cardiac Science, Middle East University, Amman, Jordan; 3Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, The University of Jordan, Amman, JordanCorrespondence: Amjad Bani Hani, Email a.hani@ju.edu.joObjective: We aim to report our heart team’s experience in repair of Secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) in adolescent and adult patients at Jordan University Hospital (JUH).Methodology: A retrospective observational study of 44 patients who underwent secundum ASD closure by transcatheter closure (TCC) or Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery (MICS) at JUH. Patients who were treated at an age of 14 years or older regardless of the age of diagnosis were included. SPSS and Microsoft Excel were used to analyze the data.Results: A total of 44 patients with secundum ASD were treated during the period of (January 2015 and December 2019). The mean age was 34.1 (± 14.3) years. Thirty-four patients underwent TCC, 9 underwent surgical closure and one had a hybrid procedure. We had no mortality and 2 minor morbidities. After a mean follow-up period of 13.2-/+13.6 months, most patients experienced improved symptoms, and there was a significant reduction of right ventricular dimension from 33.1 (± 8.74) to 24 (± 4.67) mm (p=0.0001).Conclusion: ASD closure whether TCC or MICS is a safe procedure with very low morbidity. A heart team approach is a necessity in the era of advances in both MICS surgery and TCC approach. A heart team provides the patients with a variety of safe and cosmetic solutions that allow the patients to have a fast management and recovery phase in rapid time through providing the merits and avoiding the complications of each modality, the team allows low volume centers in developing countries to achieve an excellent outcome.Keywords: atrial septal defect, ASD closure, heart team