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Phytochemical investigation of the aqueous methanol and butanol extracts of Salvia multicaulis from Jordan resulted in the isolation of 17 compounds including one new abietane diterpene derivative that was identified as 2,20-dihydroxyferruginol. Structural elucidation of all isolated compounds was based on extensive analysis of their spectroscopic data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigation of the chemical constituents of Salvia judaica growing wild in Jordan led to the isolation and identification of 15 known compounds. These included: luteolin-3′-methyl ether (1), indole-3-carboxyaldehyde (2), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (3), tricin (4), apigenin (5), methyl isoferuloyl-7-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) lactate (6), methyl rosmarinate (7), rosmarinic acid (8), salvigenin (9), β-sitosterol (10), 3β, 28-dihydroxyurs-12-ene (11), cirsilineol (12), 2,3-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (13), β-sitosteryl glucoside (14), and tormentic acid (15). Compounds 6 and 7 exhibited strong radical scavenging and chelating activities as compared to α-tocopherol and ascorbic acid, compound 7 showed a 2-fold greater antioxidant activity as compared to compound 6. Furthermore, low doses of compounds 6 and 7 were able to inhibit the growth of leukemic (HL-60, Jurkat, K562 and CCRF-SB) and solid tumor cells (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and Caco-2). Compound 7 showed a ca. 3–4-fold stronger cytotoxicity against the tested cells as compared to compound 6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twenty-two alkaloids, were isolated from Fumaria densiflora. Two of these alkaloids, N-methyl-5-hydroxystylopine chloride and fumaricine N-oxide, were isolated for the first time from natural sources. Parfumine and fumaritine, in concentrations ranging from 3 × 10−7 to 9 × 10−4 M, caused concentration–dependent relaxation of ileum longitudinal segment. Also, parfumine and fumaritine in concentrations ranging from 3 × 10−4 to 9 × 10−2 M, caused concentration – dependent decrease in heart rate of the isolated perfused heart. A concentration of parfumine of 3 × 10−2 M increased but a higher concentration (9 × 10−2 M) decreased the amplitude of contraction of the isolated perfused heart. On the other hand, fumaritine, in concentrations ranging from 3 × 10−4 to 3 × 10−2 M, caused concentration – dependent increase, but a higher concentration (9 × 10−2 M) caused a decrease in the amplitude of contraction of the isolated perfused heart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioassay guided fractionation of the Robinia pseudoacacia ethanol leaf crude extract using Liquid- Solid Chromatography through silica gel and Sephadex columns had led to the determination of the most effective fractions and separation of most important compounds. Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) screening of R. pseudoacacia ethanol leaf crude extract and two of the effective fractions were conducted. GC-MS screening of R. pseudoacacia showed fourteen compounds in the crude extract with different percent, among these: pentanoic acid 2-ethyl-methyl ester with 10.65%, linolenic acid with 9.77%, phytol with 8.87%, sterols such as beta sitosterol with 6.77% and other compounds. 13H NMR,13C NMR and mass spectral data revealed the presence of luteolin (3',4',5,7- tetrahydroxyflavone) and acacetin -7-O-glycoside. These results indicated the potential of R. pseudoacacia ethanol leaf extract as a promising aphicide for controlling GPA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigation of the chemical constituents of Aristolochia maurorum growing wild in Jordan resulted in the isolation and characterisation of one new compound in addition to 19 known compounds. The new compound was identified as aristolochic acid II alanine amide (14). The other known compounds were the following: palmitic acid (1), β-sitosterol (2), E-ethyl-p-coumarate (3), Z-ethyl-p-coumarate (4), aristolochic acid IV methyl ester (5), aristolactam I (6), loliolide (7), (+)-dehydrovomifoliol (8), glycerol-1-palmitate (9), aristolochic acid I (10), E-p-coumaric acid (11), E-N-coumaroyltyramine (12), β-sitosteryl glucoside (13), aristolochic acid IV (15), aristolochic acid III (16), esculetin (17), uracil (18), shepherdine (19) and adenosine (20). The isolated compounds were characterised by different spectroscopic methods including NMR (1D and 2D), UV, IR and HRESIMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current investigation, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) spontaneously emitted from the different organs ofInula viscosagrowing wild in Jordan were extracted by Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) method and then analyzed using GC-MS technique. Oxygenated monoterpenes dominated roots emission (52.39%) while sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were the main class of compounds detected in the emission of the stems (60.05%). Leaves emission was characterized with high monoterpenoids content (oxygenated 24.34%, hydrocarbons 30.06%). The emission of the fully expanded flowers and flowering organs (receptacles, petals and pistils) was rich in oxygenated monoterpenes (51.96%, 46.94%, 45.45% and 53.13%, respectively). Flowering buds at the pre-flowering stage were rich in oxygenated sesquiterpenoids (40.02%). Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis (CA) analysis revealed that the emission profiles of differentI. viscosaorgans were classified into three clusters based on their chemical composition. In addition, the hydrodistilled essential oils obtained from the fresh leaves, pre-flowering buds and fully expanded flowers were dominated by oxygenated sesquiterpenoids (69.63, 92.75 and 76.70%, respectively). [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Two new cardenolides, named ischarin and ischaridin in addition to 10 known compounds, were isolated from Calotropis procera Ait. (Asclepiadaceae), growing wild in Jordan. Their structures were established mainly by the extensive application of one- and two-dimensional 1H and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inula graveolens is a poisonous annual plant of Mediterranean origin. The invasive nature of the plant suggests that it may possess phytotoxic activity. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of I. graveolens to inhibit the growth of different plants in Petri dish and to identify the main bioactive compounds. Bio-guided fractionation of the plant extracts led to the isolation of 2,3,11β,13-tetrahydroaromaticin (THA) and ilicic acid. Both compounds showed selective and significant phytotoxic activity at 25 ppm. Root length of barley, oat, millet, tuberous canary grass and lentils were significantly reduced by 25 ppm of THA, while the root of cauliflower, cress and radish were similarly reduced by ilicic acid at 25 ppm. The structure of each compound was elucidated by using NMR and HR-MS. X-ray crystallography of THA is reported for the first time to confirm the relative stereochemistry of the compound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new seco-ursadiene triterpenoids 1–3 together with 11 known compounds were isolated from Salvia syriaca of Jordanian origin. The compounds were identified by using NMR spectroscopy including extensive 2D NMR experiments and mass spectrometry. The structure of compound 3 was confirmed by X-ray crystallography, and the information thus obtained was used to confirm the stereochemistry of compounds 1 and 2. This is the second report of 17,22-seco-17(28),12-ursadien-22-oic acids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Achillea biebersteinii Afan. (Asteraceae) is used as a traditional medicine for healing wounds and in the treatment of abdominal pain and stomach ache. Fresh and air dried flowering parts of A. biebersteinii at different growth stages were subjected to hydro-distillation and the different essential oils obtained were analyzed by GC-MS technique. Monoterpenoids dominated the different flowering stages of both, fresh and air dried flowering parts. The fresh pre-flowering stage was dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons (56.62%) with a-terpinene as the major component (51.67%). Oxygenated monoterpenes were detected as the principal constituents during both, the fresh flowering and fresh post-flowering stages (55.61%, 56.45%, respectively). The major representatives of this class included ascaridol (38.84%) and iso-ascaridol (25.39%). Oxygenated monoterpenes dominated all flowering stages of the air-dried blooms and ascaridol was the main volatile compound in these oils (28.20%, 27.03% and 44.39%, respectively). The oil of the dried mature flowering blooms of A. biebersteinii exhibited dose-dependent inhibition of the platelet aggregation caused by ADP and collagen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The antioxidant activity of the essential oils obtained fromOnonis NatrixL.andOnonis SiculaGuss were investigated by the DPPH and ATBS methods. The oils exhibited good to moderate antioxidant activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Essential oils of the two plants were analyzed by GC and GC- MS. Seventy-seven components (95.60 %) were characterized in the essential oil ofO. Sicula. The oil was rich in oxygenated sesquiterpenes (66.29 %), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (20.10 %) including selin-11-en-4-α-ol (12.76 %) and α-selinene (6.27 %) as the major constituents. From the 85 identified compounds (97.11 %) in the oil ofO. Natrix(2E,6E)-farnesol (18.83 %), dodecanal (12.58 %) and 2-phenyl ethyl tiglate (5.20 %) were the main constituents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ammodaucus leucotrichusL. (Apiaceae) is a rarely investigated important medicinal plant endemic to North African countries. The essential oil ofA. leucotrichusL. seeds obtained by hydro-distillation and SPME extraction methods were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. Twenty two components were identified in the hydro-distilled oil amounting to 97.04 % of the total oil content. The oil was dominated by oxygenated monoteprenes (87.32 %) represented by perilla aldehyde (84.43 %). A total of thirty four components accounting for 99.88 % of the total composition were characterized in the SPME oil. Monoterpene hydrocarbons had the highest contribution to the SPME oil (87.40 %) with terpinolene being the main component of the fraction (69.21%). The hydro-distilled oil was screened for its antimicrobial activity and was found to be inactive againstEscherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosaandSalmonella typhi.The pure oil was most active againstMicrococcus luteuswhile moderately active againstKlebsiella pneumonia,Staphylococcus aureusandBacillus subtilis. Moreover, the essential oil showed no activity against MCF7 and T47D cancer cell lines. The investigation revealed qualitative and quantitative differences between the hydro-distilled and SPME oils of the AlgerianA. leucotrichusL. seeds. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]